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  • Physics
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
  • Springer Nature  (22)
  • CRC Press  (21)
  • Berlin : Springer
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  • 1
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Animal Kingdom,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Amoeboid Cells,Multiciliated Cells,Single Celled Ancestors,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Single Cell Techniques,Naegleria Gruberi,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Ventral Folds,Bryozoan Larva,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Amoeboid Migration,Motile Cilia,Unicellular Ancestors,Complex Life Histories,Physarum Polycephalum,Cell Theory,Flagellated Cells,Molecular Phylogenies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Major Evolutionary Transitions,Cellular Aggregations,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Multicellular Group,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Charophyte Algae,Animal Kingdom,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Fruiting Body,Aggregative Multicellularity,Unicellular Ancestor,Multicellular Species,Stalk Cells,Genotype Phenotype Map,Volvox Carteri,Dictyostelium Discoideum,Physarum Polycephalum,Modifier Allele,Collective Fitness,Apical Cells,Stalk Formation,Unicellular Species,Tryptophan Aminotransferase ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global declines in biodiversity have become increasingly severe. Traditional monitoring approaches for assessing marine species distributions and abundances are time consuming, costly, and manpower intensive. Fortunately, rapid progress of sequencing technologies from first-generation to high-throughput sequencing have resulted in improvements in experimental techniques. These advances have accelerated rates of species discovery and identification, enabling community-level biomonitoring – the ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ framework. Simultaneous multispecies identifications in mixed-sample pools are now mainstream with DNA metabarcoding, upscaling monitoring from the individual specimen to the ecosystem scale. In this review, we examine the progress of DNA metabarcoding over the last decade in the characterisation of marine macrobiota to microbial communities. By melding molecular techniques and more traditional taxonomic tools, this integrative Biomonitoring 2.0 approach is tailored to improve the overall effectiveness of biomonitoring. As such, we here assess its accuracy, expertise requirement, general applicability, time, cost-effectiveness, and throughput for biomonitoring. We highlight various methodological challenges that must be considered during implementation, including completeness of reference databases, representativeness of sequencing read counts for quantitative estimates, and supplementation with environmental RNA for discerning live signals from legacy DNA. Finally, we conclude with an outlook of the enhanced Biomonitoring 2.0 framework for mass adoption by ecologists and managers, as well as the prospects of emerging rapid detection technologies for ecosystem surveillance.
    Keywords: Barcoding ; Bioinformatics ; Environmental DNA Metabarcoding ; Environmental RNA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Central and South Atlantic represents a vast ocean area and is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and species. Nevertheless, and similar to the rest of the global south, the area is comparatively understudied yet exposed to increasing levels of multisectoral pressures. To counteract this, the level of scientific exploration in the Central and South Atlantic has increased in recent years and will likely continue to do so within the context of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Here, we compile the literature to investigate the distribution of previous scientific exploration of offshore (30 m+) ecosystems in the Central and South Atlantic, both within and beyond national jurisdiction, allowing us to synthesise overall patterns of biodiversity. Furthermore, through the lens of sustainable management, we have reviewed the existing anthropogenic activities and associated management measures relevant to the region. Through this exercise, we have identified key knowledge gaps and undersampled regions that represent priority areas for future research and commented on how these may be best incorporated into, or enhanced through, future management measures such as those in discussion at the UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction negotiations. This review represents a comprehensive summary for scientists and managers alike looking to understand the key topographical, biological, and legislative features of the Central and South Atlantic.
    Keywords: Atlantic deep sea ; Benthic ecology ; Marine spatial planning ; Biodiversity patterns ; Gap analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book examines how the growing knowledge of the huge range of protist-, animal-, and plant-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of biology. The establishment and maintenance of these interactions and their contributions to the health and survival of all partners relies on continuous cell-to-cell communication between them. This dialogue may be concerned with all aspects of the biology of both partners. The book includes chapters devoted to exploring, explaining, and exposing these dialogues across a broad spectrum of plant and animal eukaryotes to a broad field of biologists. Key Features Explores the nature of the interactions between eukaryotic hosts and their microbial symbionts Examines the links between prostist, animal, and plant evolution and microbial communities Reviews specific taxa and the microbial diversity associated with these taxa Illustrates the role microbes play in the physiology and etiology of several model species Includes chapters by an international team of leading scholars
    Keywords: community ecology;microbial communities;microbiome;symbiosis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sex in Cetaceans provides an up-to-date review of multi-faceted aspects related to mating and reproduction in toothed and baleen whales. This open access book begins with discussions of sexual selection and anatomical traits related to mating and diversity between the sexes. The functions of non-conceptive copulations are reviewed as are different research techniques applied to explore sex in cetaceans. Authors and editors build knowledge of female and male social, mating, and parental strategies and tactics for several specific toothed dolphin/porpoise/whale species and baleen whale species. It concludes with a discussion of potential conservation efforts and ways to help especially beleaguered species and populations the world over. The volume is intended as a major primer of cetacean sex for undergraduate and graduate students, new and established researchers in the field, and the public wishing to learn more.
    Keywords: Dolphin and Porpoise Sex and Sexual Selection ; Morphologies of Cetacean Female and Male Sexual Organs ; Sexual Behaviors and Strategies of Beaked Whales ; Sexual Behaviors and Strategies of Harbor Porpoises ; Sexual Behaviors and Strategies of Mysticetes ; Sexual Behaviors and Strategies of Matriarchal Whales ; Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Selection ; Sexual Behaviors and Strategies of Toothed and Baleen Whales ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book explores a wide-ranging discussion about the sociopolitical, cultural, and scientific ramifications of speciesism and world views that derive from it. In this light, it integrates subjects across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. The 21st-century western world is anthropocentric to an extreme; we adopt unreasonably self-centered and self-serving ideas and lifestyles. Americans consume more energy resources per person than most other nations on Earth and have little concept of how human ecology and population biology interface with global sustainability. We draw upon religion, popular culture, politics, and technology to justify our views and actions, yet remain self-centered because our considerations rarely extend beyond our immediate interests. Stepping upward on the hierarchy from “racism,” “speciesism” likewise refers to the view that unique natural kinds (species) exist and are an important structural element of biodiversity. This ideology manifests in the cultural idea that humans are distinct from and intrinsically superior to other forms of life. It further carries a plurality of implications for how we perceive ourselves in relation to nature, how we view Judeo-Christian religions and their tenets, how we respond to scientific data about social problems such as climate change, and how willing we are to change our actions in the face of evidence.
    Keywords: Speciesism ; anthropocentric practices ; conservation biology ; ecological and evolutionary history ; environmental ethics ; religion and culture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book deals with a rich variety of taxis-type cross-diffusive equations. Particularly, it intends to show the key role played by quasi-energy inequality in the derivation of some necessary a priori estimates. This book addresses applied mathematics and all researchers interested in mathematical development of reaction-diffusion theory and its application and can be a basis for a graduate course in applied mathematics.
    Keywords: Reaction-Diffusion ; Chemotaxis ; Haptotaxis ; Navier-Stokes ; Cancer invasion ; Coral fertilization ; Sensity-suppressed motility ; Oncolytic virotherapy ; Foraging scrounging interplay ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology)
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  • 9
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anemonefishes, one of the most popular and recognizable of fishes in the world, are much more than film characters; they are also emerging model organisms for studying the biology, ecology, and evolution of coral reef fishes. They are a group of 28 species often employed to study patterns and processes of social organization, intra- and inter-specific competition, sex change, mutualism, dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, habitat selection, pigment pattern formation, lifespan and predator-prey interactions. This multi-authored book covers all these areas and provides an update on the research done with this model and the perspective it opens for the future. Key Features Contains basic and up-to-date information on an emerging fish model Allows non-specialist readers to grasp the relevance of a wide research area Provides accurate and easy to access information on each of the 28 species Includes guidance for establishing a breeding colony Documents that anemonefishes are useful model organisms for ecological, developmental and climate research The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Anemonefishes;Coral Reefs;Model Organism;Mutualism;Sex Change ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book focuses on the amphibian, Xenopus, one of the most commonly used model animals in the biological sciences. Over the past 50 years, the use of Xenopus has made possible many fundamental contributions to our knowledge in cell biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, and neurobiology. In recent years, with the completion of the genome sequence of the main two species and the application of genome editing techniques, Xenopus has emerged as a powerful system to study fundamental disease mechanisms and test treatment possibilities. Xenopus has proven an essential vertebrate model system for understanding fundamental cell and developmental biological mechanisms, for applying fundamental knowledge to pathological processes, for deciphering the function of human disease genes, and for understanding genome evolution. Key Features Provides historical context of the contributions of the model system Includes contributions from an international team of leading scholars Presents topics spanning cell biology, developmental biology, genomics, and disease model Describes recent experimental advances Incorporates richly illustrated diagrams and color images Related Titles Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0) Faber, J. & P. D. Nieuwkoop. Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A Systematical & Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis (ISBN 978-0-8153-1896-5) Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-0320-9095-5)
    Keywords: Developmental biology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book contains a set of chapters covering all aspects of geosciences related to Kuwait and adjacent regions, including Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf states. It covers basic information about the geology including a wide range of geoscientific disciplines such as marine geology, structural geology, hydrogeology and geophysics related to the region. This book is aimed at researchers and students, as well as professionals in the field of hazard mitigation and petroleum exploration.
    Keywords: petroleum exploration Kuwait ; Ground water resources Kuwait ; Burgan oil field ; Zubair Formation ; Bubiyan Island ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer Spektrum
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Dies ist ein Open Access Buch. Wir haben immer mehr Alte, immer weniger Kinder. Dank wissenschaftlicher Fortschritte verlängert sich die Lebenserwartung ständig. Erkenntnisse aus der Naturwissenschaft in der post-genomischen Ära deuten darauf, dass diese Entwicklung trotz der Zunahme altersassoziierter Krankheiten und Behinderungen noch nicht am Ende angekommen ist. Droht diese Flut von Alten, Rentnern und „Konsumenten des Lebens“ zum Verlust des Zusammenhalts der Gesellschaft zu führen? Nach der Bestandsaufnahme der jüngsten Errungenschaften der Forschung hat das interaktive Symposium sich mit den Chancen und Gefahren der „gewonnenen Jahre“ auseinandergesetzt. Die Referentinnen und Referenten sind herausragende Vertreter der Biologie und Medizin. Meinungsbildner der Geisteswissenschaften und Persönlichkeiten aus der Politik kamen ebenfalls zu Wort. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
    Keywords: Alter und Altern ; Alter und Gesellschaft ; Altersmedizin ; Neurobiologie des Altern ; Kulturelle und Gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSP Age groups and generations::JBSP4 Age groups: the elderly ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics ; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra ; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Physics, general ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties ; History of Physics and Astronomy ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Physics and Astronomy ; Open Access ; Molecular Beam History ; Precision Measurements ; Femto- and Atto-science ; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ; Droplet Beams ; Molecular Beam Applications ; Matter Wave Interferometry ; Ultracold Atoms ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Nuclear physics ; Theoretical & mathematical astronomy ; History of science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access report explores the nature and extent of students’ misconceptions and misunderstandings related to core concepts in physics and mathematics and physics across grades four, eight and 12. Twenty years of data from the IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and TIMSS Advanced assessments are analyzed, specifically for five countries (Italy, Norway, Russian Federation, Slovenia, and the United States) who participated in all or almost all TIMSS and TIMSS Advanced assessments between 1995 and 2015. The report focuses on students’ understandings related to gravitational force in physics and linear equations in mathematics. It identifies some specific misconceptions, errors, and misunderstandings demonstrated by the TIMSS Advanced grade 12 students for these core concepts, and shows how these can be traced back to poor foundational development of these concepts in earlier grades. Patterns in misconceptions and misunderstandings are reported by grade, country, and gender. In addition, specific misconceptions and misunderstandings are tracked over time, using trend items administered in multiple assessment cycles. The study and associated methodology may enable education systems to help identify specific needs in the curriculum, improve inform instruction across grades and also raise possibilities for future TIMSS assessment design and reporting that may provide more diagnostic outcomes.
    Keywords: Education ; International education  ; Comparative education ; Assessment ; Science education ; Mathematics ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 17
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: With changes in technology and a renewed effort to catalog the world's biodiversity, huge amounts of data are being generated on biodiversity issues. As response to the call for better information systems to manage the biodiversity crisis, a wide range of solutions are being developed for inventorying, managing, and disseminating taxonomic data. This book brings together a diverse array of authors, expertise, and assessors that discuss technical developments to improve the construction, population, and dissemination of biodiversity information. It is designed to inform students and researchers of biodiversity about the changes and challenges that need to be understood by everyone in this information age.
    Keywords: Natural History ; Data Preparation and Mining ; ENVIRO ; BIOSCIENCE ; SCI-TECH ; COMPUTERSCIENCE ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; LIFESCIENCE ; INFORMATIONSCIENCE ; STM ; artificial ; bgcolor ; devonian ; facility ; global ; informatics ; information ; lower ; network ; neural ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 2 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.This volume covers much of the experimental progress made in the last ten y
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this book, the author convinces that Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington had things a little bit wrong, as least as far as physics is concerned. He explores the theory of groups and Lie algebras and their representations to use group representations as labor-saving tools.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: "The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels – next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become aconditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields – from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)"
    Keywords: Developmental biology;Biodiversity;Marine biology;Evolution;Genetics (non-medical);Neurosciences;Zoology: invertebrates;Zoology: fishes (ichthyology);Molecular biology;Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVA Zoology: invertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
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  • 22
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A unified theory embracing all physical phenomena is a major goal of theoretical physics. In the early 1980s, many physicists looked to eleven-dimensional supergravity in the hope that it might provide that elusive superunified theory. In 1984 supergravity was knocked off its pedestal by ten-dimensional superstrings, one-dimensional objects whose v
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 23
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Climate Change; Energy Efficiency; Remote Sensing; Photogrammetry; Physics
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Energy Efficiency ; Remote Sensing ; Photogrammetry ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics and heat
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book is written by world-recognized experts in the fields of applied superconductivity and superconducting accelerator magnet technologies. It provides a contemporary review and assessment of the experience in research and development of high-field accelerator dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor over the past five decades. The reader attains clear insight into the development and the main properties of Nb3Sn composite superconducting wires and Rutherford cables, and details of accelerator dipole designs, technologies and performance. Special attention is given to innovative features of the developed Nb3Sn magnets. The book concludes with a discussion of accelerator magnet needs for future circular colliders. ; Broadens our understanding of design and performance limits of high-field Nb3Sn accelerator magnets for a future very high energy hadron collider Offers beginners a concise overview of the relevant design concepts for a new generation of superconducting accelerator magnets based on Nb3Sn superconductor Illustrates the complete process of accelerator magnet design and fabrication Provides a contemporary review and assessment of the past experience with Nb3Sn high-field dipole accelerator magnets Identifies the main open R&D issues for Nb3Sn high-field dipole magnets
    Keywords: Physics ; Particle acceleration ; Physical measurements ; Measurement    ; Machinery ; Atoms ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHM Atomic and molecular physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering::TGBN Engines and power transmission
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
    Keywords: Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics and Population Dynamics ; Microbial Ecology ; Human Genetics ; Genetics and Genomics ; Comparative genomics ; Metagenomics ; Microbial Population Analysis ; Pangenome Profile ; Supra-Genome Analysis ; Adaptive Evolution ; Computational Tools ; Bioinformatic Genomics ; Core Dispensable Genome ; Selection, Recombination, Composition ; Acquired Resistance ; Bacterial Species Concept ; Genomic Diversity ; Bacterial Ecology, Microevolution ; Open Access ; Pan-metagenomics ; Pan-microbiomics ; Pan-epigenome ; Gene Transfer ; Pan-phenomes ; Microbiology (non-medical) ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Applied mathematics ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFN Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 27
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics familiarizes readers with what is considered tested and accepted and in so doing, gives them a grounding in particle physics in general. Whenever possible, Dr. Mann takes an historical approach showing how the model is linked to the physics that most of us have learned in less challenging ar
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 28
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird “species” is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. From genetic and physiological basics to the phenomena of bird song and bird migration, it analyzes various interactions of birds – with their environment and other birds. Lastly, it shows imminent threats to birds in the Anthropocene, the era of global human impact. Although it seemed to be easy to define bird species, the advent of modern methods has challenged species definition and led to a multidisciplinary approach to classifying birds. One outstanding new toolbox comes with the more and more reasonably priced acquisition of whole-genome sequences that allow causative analyses of how bird species diversify. Speciation has reached a final stage when daughter species are reproductively isolated, but this stage is not easily detectable from the phenotype we observe. Culturally transmitted traits such as bird song seem to speed up speciation processes, while another behavioral trait, migration, helps birds to find food resources, and also coincides with higher chances of reaching new, inhabitable areas. In general, distribution is a major key to understanding speciation in birds. Examples of ecological speciation can be found in birds, and the constant interaction of birds with their biotic environment also contributes to evolutionary changes. In the Anthropocene, birds are confronted with rapid changes that are highly threatening for some species. Climate change forces birds to move their ranges, but may also disrupt well-established interactions between climate, vegetation, and food sources. This book brings together various disciplines involved in observing bird species come into existence, modify, and vanish. It is a rich resource for bird enthusiasts who want to understand various processes at the cutting edge of current research in more detail. At the same time it offers students the opportunity to see primarily unconnected, but booming big-data approaches such as genomics and biogeography meet in a topic of broad interest. Lastly, the book enables conservationists to better understand the uncertainties surrounding “species” as entities of protection.
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Zoology ; Animal ecology ; Evolutionary biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book summarizes results of longstanding research and scientific contributions from many projects and relevant working groups. It collects and evaluates wind and wave climate projections under changing climate having design needs and marine safety in focus. Potential impact of projected climate change in met-ocean conditions on ships and offshore structures is discussed and illustrated by an example of the expected wave climate change on tanker design.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; TL1-4050 ; HG1-9999 ; QE1-996.5 ; RS1-441 ; TA401-492 ; Statistics for Engineering ; Computer Science ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Chemistry and Earth Sciences ; Reliability ; Safety and Risk ; Physics ; Quality Control ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 31
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access textbook takes the reader step-by-step through the concepts of mechanics in a clear and detailed manner. Mechanics is considered to be the core of physics, where a deep understanding of the concepts is essential in understanding all branches of physics. Many proofs and examples are included to help the reader grasp the fundamentals fully, paving the way to deal with more advanced topics. After solving all of the examples, the reader will have gained a solid foundation in mechanics and the skills to apply the concepts in a variety of situations. The book is useful for undergraduate students majoring in physics and other science and engineering disciplines. It can also be used as a reference for more advanced levels.
    Keywords: Physics ; Mechanics ; Mechanical engineering ; Elementary particles (Physics) ; Quantum field theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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  • 32
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
    Keywords: Physics ; Amorphous substances ; Complex fluids ; Fluids ; Fluid mechanics ; Chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Engineering: Mechanics of fluids ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Engineering: Mechanics of fluids
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  • 33
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 34
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of "species" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called "species" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. KEY FEATURES • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of "species" • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides
    Keywords: Wildlife: general interest ; Botany and plant sciences ; Evolution ; Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This advanced textbook and reference is the first comprehensive and systematic review of all methods used for the measurement, correction, and control of the beam dynamics of modern particle accelerators. Based on material presented in several lectures at the US Particle Accelerator School, the text is intended for graduate students starting research or work in the field of beam physics. Relativistic beams in linear accelerators and storage rings provide the focus. After a review of linear optics, the text addresses basic and advanced techniques for beam control, plus a variety of methods for the manipulation of particle-beam properties. In each case, specific procedures are illustrated by examples from operational accelerators, e.g., CERN, DESY, SLAC, KEK, LBNL, and FNAL. The book also treats special topics such as injection and extraction methods, beam cooling, spin transport, and polarization. Problems and solutions enhance the book’s usefulness in graduate courses.
    Keywords: Physics ; Physics ; CERN ; DESY ; Particle accelerator ; Storage ring ; control ; measurement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 36
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book provides a comprehensive toolbox of analysis techniques for ionospheric multi-satellite missions. The immediate need for this volume was motivated by the ongoing ESA Swarm satellite mission, but the tools that are described are general and can be used for any future ionospheric multi-satellite mission with comparable instrumentation. In addition to researching the immediate plasma environment and its coupling to other regions, such a mission aims to study the Earth’s main magnetic field and its anomalies caused by core, mantle, or crustal sources. The parameters for carrying out this kind of work are examined in these chapters. Besides currents, electric fields, and plasma convection, these parameters include ionospheric conductance, Joule heating, neutral gas densities, and neutral winds. ;
    Keywords: Physics ; Space sciences ; Atmospheric sciences ; Observations, Astronomical ; Astronomy—Observations ; Planetary science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time::PGS Solar system: the Sun and planets ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTD Space science::TTDS Astronautics
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  • 37
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book by Helmut Wiedemann is a well-established, classic text, providing an in-depth and comprehensive introduction to the field of high-energy particle acceleration and beam dynamics. The present 4th edition has been significantly revised, updated and expanded. The newly conceived Part I is an elementary introduction to the subject matter for undergraduate students. Part II gathers the basic tools in preparation of a more advanced treatment, summarizing the essentials of electrostatics and electrodynamics as well as of particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields. Part III is an extensive primer in beam dynamics, followed, in Part IV, by an introduction and description of the main beam parameters and including a new chapter on beam emittance and lattice design. Part V is devoted to the treatment of perturbations in beam dynamics. Part VI then discusses the details of charged particle acceleration.
    Keywords: Physics ; Physics ; Accelerator Science and Technology ; Beam dynamics ; Beam physics ; Charged particle beams ; Charged particles dynamics ; Free electron laser ; Introduction to Particle Accelerators ; Physics of Particle Accelerators ; Synchrotron radiation ; US Accelerator Physics School ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 1 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the first gauge theory included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED).The book includes self-contained presentations of electromagnetism as a gauge theory as well as relativistic quantum mechanics. It provides a uniqu
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Tensor network is a fundamental mathematical tool with a huge range of applications in physics, such as condensed matter physics, statistic physics, high energy physics, and quantum information sciences. This open access book aims to explain the tensor network contraction approaches in a systematic way, from the basic definitions to the important applications. This book is also useful to those who apply tensor networks in areas beyond physics, such as machine learning and the big-data analysis. Tensor network originates from the numerical renormalization group approach proposed by K. G. Wilson in 1975. Through a rapid development in the last two decades, tensor network has become a powerful numerical tool that can efficiently simulate a wide range of scientific problems, with particular success in quantum many-body physics. Varieties of tensor network algorithms have been proposed for different problems. However, the connections among different algorithms are not well discussed or reviewed. To fill this gap, this book explains the fundamental concepts and basic ideas that connect and/or unify different strategies of the tensor network contraction algorithms. In addition, some of the recent progresses in dealing with tensor decomposition techniques and quantum simulations are also represented in this book to help the readers to better understand tensor network. This open access book is intended for graduated students, but can also be used as a professional book for researchers in the related fields. To understand most of the contents in the book, only basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and linear algebra is required. In order to fully understand some advanced parts, the reader will need to be familiar with notion of condensed matter physics and quantum information, that however are not necessary to understand the main parts of the book. This book is a good source for non-specialists on quantum physics to understand tensor network algorithms and the related mathematics.
    Keywords: Physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics ; Quantum optics ; Statistical physics ; Machine learning ; Elementary particles (Physics) ; Quantum field theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years. Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change). This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.
    Keywords: climate change ; open access ; vegetation dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This Open Access biography chronicles the life and achievements of the Norwegian engineer and physicist Rolf Widerøe. Readers who meet him in the pages of this book will wonder why he isn't better known. The first of Widerøe's many pioneering contributions in the field of accelerator physics was the betatron, the second, the linear accelerator, both summarized in a 27 page PhD. The betatron revolutionized the fields of cancer treatment through radiation therapy and also nondestructive testing; hospitals worldwide installed Widerøe's machine and today’s modern radiation treatment equipment is based on his inventions. The most recent renaissance of the linac provides unprecedented x-ray intensities at Free Electron Laser (FEL) facilities in operation and construction worldwide. . Widerøe’s story also includes a fair share of drama, particularly during World War II when both Germans and the Allies vied for his collaboration. Widerøe held leading positions in multinational industry groups and was one of the consultants for building the world's largest nuclear laboratory, CERN, in Switzerland. He gained over 200 patents, received several honorary doctorates and a number of international awards. The author, a professional writer and maker of TV documentaries, has gained access to hitherto restricted archives in several countries, which provided a wealth of new material and insights, in particular in relation to the war years. She tells here a gripping and illuminating story.
    Keywords: Popular works ; Physics ; Particle acceleration ; Cancer research ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHP Particle & high-energy physics
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book addresses the challenge of analyzing and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of complex biological systems at the genomic level, and elaborates on some promising strategies that would bring us closer to uncovering of the vital relationships between genotype and phenotype. After a few educational primers, the book continues with sections on sequence homology and alignment, phylogenetic methods to study genome evolution, methodologies for evaluating selective pressures on genomic sequences as well as genomic evolution in light of protein domain architecture and transposable elements, population genomics and other omics, and discussions of current bottlenecks in handling and analyzing genomic data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detail and expert implementation advice that lead to the best results. Authoritative and comprehensive, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Second Edition aims to serve both novices in biology with strong statistics and computational skills, and molecular biologists with a good grasp of standard mathematical concepts, in moving this important field of study forward.
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Bioinformatics ; Genetics ; Evolutionary biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book chronicles the rise of a new scientific paradigm offering novel insights into the age-old enigmas of existence. Over 300 years ago, the human mind discovered the machine code of reality: mathematics. By utilizing abstract thought systems, humans began to decode the workings of the cosmos. From this understanding, the current scientific paradigm emerged, ultimately discovering the gift of technology. Today, however, our island of knowledge is surrounded by ever longer shores of ignorance. Science appears to have hit a dead end when confronted with the nature of reality and consciousness. In this fascinating and accessible volume, James Glattfelder explores a radical paradigm shift uncovering the ontology of reality. It is found to be information-theoretic and participatory, yielding a computational and programmable universe.
    Keywords: Popular works ; Physics ; Epistemology ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Philosophy and science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Unknown
    Berlin : Springer
    Keywords: Physics ; Magnetism ; Induction ; Solenoids ; Measurements ; Electromagnetism ; Ampere ; Current ; Field ; Units ; Current Sheet ; Instruments ; Coil ; Light
    Description / Table of Contents: "Maxwell is without peer. This printing is an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the thought of the greatest of our electrical scientists." — School Science and MathHere is the final elaboration of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, including the systematic and rigorous derivation of his general equations of field theory. These equations continue to occupy a central position in the modern physicist's view of the physical world. They are a magnificent summary of the fundamental advances in electricity and magnetism, and later inspired the theories of Lorentz on the electron and Einstein on relativity. Einstein himself has said that "The formulation of these equations is the most important event in physics since Newton's time." (The Evolution of Physics.) Volume 1, Part 1, "Electrostatics," describes electrostatic phenomena and develops a mathematical theory of electricity. Maxwell discusses electrical work and energy in a system of conductors, mechanical action between two electrical systems, forms of equipotential surfaces and line of flow, spherical harmonics, the theory of electric images, and other topics. Part II, "Electrokinematics," deals with electric current conduction and resistance, electromotive force between bodies in contact, electrolysis, the mathematical theory of the distribution of electric currents, and other topics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 624 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Unknown
    Berlin : Springer
    Keywords: Physics ; Vectors ; Electostatics ; Electostatic Instuments ; Conduction ; Resistance ; EMF ; Electolysis ; Conductance
    Description / Table of Contents: "Maxwell is without peer. This printing is an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the thought of the greatest of our electrical scientists." — School Science and MathHere is the final elaboration of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, including the systematic and rigorous derivation of his general equations of field theory. These equations continue to occupy a central position in the modern physicist's view of the physical world. They are a magnificent summary of the fundamental advances in electricity and magnetism, and later inspired the theories of Lorentz on the electron and Einstein on relativity. Einstein himself has said that "The formulation of these equations is the most important event in physics since Newton's time." (The Evolution of Physics.) Volume 1, Part 1, "Electrostatics," describes electrostatic phenomena and develops a mathematical theory of electricity. Maxwell discusses electrical work and energy in a system of conductors, mechanical action between two electrical systems, forms of equipotential surfaces and line of flow, spherical harmonics, the theory of electric images, and other topics. Part II, "Electrokinematics," deals with electric current conduction and resistance, electromotive force between bodies in contact, electrolysis, the mathematical theory of the distribution of electric currents, and other topics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 528 Seiten)
    Language: English
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