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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (102)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Autonomous vehicles are increasingly prevalent, navigating both structured urban roads and challenging offroad scenes. At the core of these vehicles lie the planning and control modules, which are crucial for demonstrating the intelligence inherent in an autonomous driving system. The planning module is responsible for devising an open-loop trajectory, taking into account a variety of environmental restrictions, task-related demands, and vehicle-kinematics-related constraints, while the control module ensures adherence to this trajectory in a closed-loop manner. This adherence is vital in a range of conditions, including diverse weather scenarios, different driving situations, and in response to potential disturbances such as mechanical failures or cyber threats. In certain contexts, these modules are collectively referred to as 'control', with the planning component considered an open-loop controller. This Special Issue focuses on the latest research trends in planning and control methods for autonomous driving. It comprises 11 papers that cover a broad spectrum of applications, including occlusion-aware motion planning in warehouses, control strategies for articulated vehicles, cooperative trajectory planning for autonomous forklifts, and tracking control for underwater vehicles in the face of disturbances and uncertainties. These contributions collectively underscore the diverse and evolving nature of autonomous vehicle technology.
    Keywords: autonomous vehicle ; infrared positioning ; occlusion-aware path planning ; numerical optimal control ; dynamic programming ; quadratic program ; underground intelligent vehicles ; path planning ; RRT* algorithm ; articulated vehicles ; unmanned driving ; spatial exploration ; hierarchical framework ; deep reinforcement learning ; intrinsic motivation ; obstacle avoidance ; data-driven control ; time delay neural network ; drift control ; autonomous driving ; nonlinear model predictive control ; brain–computer interface (BCI) ; steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) ; electroencephalography (EEG) ; threatening pedestrians ; eye-tracking ; automated vehicle ; trajectory planning ; narrow corridor scene ; space discretization strategy ; articulated tracked vehicle ; adaptive model predictive control ; Hybrid A-star ; trajectory tracking ; kinematics ; improved A* algorithm ; GIS ; open-pit mine ; autonomous truck ; scheduling ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; autonomous forklift ; cooperative trajectory planning ; joint dispatching and planning ; Hybrid A* search algorithm ; artificial neural network ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; tube model predictive control ; path tracking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Special Issue, “Mapping Indigenous Knowledge in the Digital Age”, explores Indigenous engagement with geo-information in contemporary cartography. Indigenous mapping, incorporating performance, process, product, and positionality as well as tangible and intangible heritage, is speedily entering the domain of cartography, and digital technology is facilitating the engagement of communities in mapping their own locational stories, histories, cultural heritage, environmental, and political priorities. In this publication, multimodal and multisensory online maps combine the latest multimedia and telecommunications technology to examine data and support qualitative and quantitative research, as well as to present and store a wide range of temporal/spatial information and archival materials in innovative interactive storytelling formats. It will be of particular interest to researchers engaged in studies of global human and environmental connection in the age of evolving information technology.
    Keywords: transdisciplinary research ; knowledge dialog ; participatory mapping ; qualitative analysis ; community-based management ; Dawes ; allotment ; GIS ; map ; automation ; PLSS ; geographic information systems ; reservation ; indigenous ; Standing Rock ; community mapping ; learning community ; natural resources management ; Cyberatlas ; Native Americans ; first nations ; historic cartography ; toponymy ; Indigenous maps ; indigital ; undergraduate education ; native science ; Inuinnait ; Inuinnaqtun ; cybercartography ; digital return ; multi-media cartography ; digital heritage ; native guidance system ; Lençóis Maranhenses region ; Maranhão coast ; traditional communities ; Cybercartographic Atlas ; indigenous mappings ; decolonial cartography ; mythical spaces and indigenous orientations ; sky map ; collaborative work ; Pa Ipai ; Baja California ; Mexico ; mapping ; reconciliation ; art ; digital pedagogy ; reflexivity ; Cybercartography ; GIAMedia ; FOSS ; intercultural literacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Digital and spatial studies of religions have developed rapidly as prominent research fields over the last two decades. This “spatial turn” has rippled through humanities and social sciences disciplines, and digital and spatial perspectives now occupy a central position in religious studies. However, various research efforts have led to disparate approaches to the digital and spatial study of religions without providing integrated and synergized connections between the digitalization and visualization of religious studies. This reprint aims to support and promote both digital and spatial studies of religions through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspectives, including those of all historical periods, regions, and religions. Collectively, this reprint demonstrates that digital and spatial studies are unique and constructive ways of discovering, developing, and delivering religious studies that remain undiscovered or unaddressed through conventional research methodology. In an effort to supplement the current digital humanities in general, and the spatial study of religions in particular, the reprint presents theoretical or applied research papers on Chinese religious sites and mapping that are theory-driven, innovative, and data-based.
    Keywords: Buddhist temple ; Hangzhou ; GIS ; visualization ; religion ; Spatial Humanities ; Regional Religious System ; local gazetteer ; Water Deities beliefs ; spatiotemporal evolution ; the Pearl River Delta ; historical GIS ; Buddha statues ; transmission routes ; Qingzhou style ; Malay Peninsula ; regional religious systems ; center–periphery relationship ; William Skinner ; macro-region ; hierarchy ; administrative system ; economic system ; Greater China ; digital theology ; digital natives ; existential opportunity and threat ; irreversible commitment ; religious disaffiliation ; social media ; Chinese tomb murals ; spatial study of religions ; spatial analysis ; reciprocity ; efficacy ; exchange ; religious regulation ; mosques ; Kashgar region ; spatial distribution pattern ; folk religion ; Xishen (the God of Happiness) ; spatial practice ; space-time knowledge ; Bagua (The Eight Diagrams) ; pagoda ; Shanxi ; northern dynasties ; network analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Due to its low adaptability to climate change, the MENA region has become a "hot spot". Water scarcity, extreme heat, drought, and crop failure will worsen as the region becomes more urbanized and industrialized. Both water and food scarcity are made worse by civil wars, terrorism, and political and social unrest. It is unclear how climate change will affect the MENA water–food–energy nexus. All of these concerns need to be empirically evaluated and quantified for a full climate change assessment in the region. Policymakers in the MENA region need to be aware of this interconnection between population growth, rapid urbanization, food safety, climate change, and the global goal of lowering greenhouse gas emissions (as planned in COP27). Researchers from a wide range of disciplines have come together in this SI to investigate the connections between water, food, energy, and climate in the region. By assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, natural disasters, water supply, energy production and demand, and environmental impacts in the region, this SI will aid in implementation of sustainable solutions to these challenges across multiple spatial scales.
    Keywords: drought ; flood ; standard precipitation index ; rainfall anomaly index ; soil conservation service-curve number ; high-heat devices ; electronics cooling ; thermal management ; CFD ; heat transfer enhancement ; microchannels ; inserts ; greenhouse gases ; geospatial analysis ; remote sensing ; Arabian Peninsula ; climate change ; rainwater harvesting ; arid areas ; metrologic analysis ; hydrologic modeling ; AHP ; decolorization ; direct red-81 ; graphene ; methylene blue ; nitrate reductases ; operating parameters ; zero-valent iron ; water pricing ; urban infrastructure ; multi-block pricing ; externality costing ; single-block pricing ; urban warming ; urban bias ; land surface temperature ; MODIS ; GAIA dataset ; Mann–Kendall test ; Theil–Sen estimator ; CO2 absorption ; MEA ; membrane contactor ; porosity ; pore size ; natural convection ; melting PCM ; enthalpy-porosity method ; mushy zone parameter ; adsorption ; membrane ; adsorptive membrane ; activated carbon ; dye removal ; hybrid membrane ; solar concentrator ; thermal ; helical rotating shaft ; active methods ; GIS ; Nile Delta region ; modified DRASTIC-LU ; groundwater vulnerability ; geospatial technique ; energy hub ; cogeneration systems ; Archimedes optimization algorithm ; sustainable ; emissions ; water management ; irrigation water requirements ; CROPWAT model ; numerical simulation ; turbulent flow ; plate heat exchanger ; sand and dust storms ; hydrology ; surface and ground water changes ; spatial-temporal analysis ; Middle East ; assessment ; protection structures ; inundation ; hazards ; shoreline changes ; Nile Delta ; modeling ; biogas ; methane ; landfill of Mohammedia ; upgrading ; gold nanoparticles ; instant nanosynthesis ; urchin-shaped nanogold ; green capping agent ; biocompatible nanogold ; groundwater salinization ; ion ratios ; stable isotopes ; seawater mixing index (SMI) ; northwest coast ; weighted overlay model ; analytical hierarchical process (ahp) ; thematic layers ; biochar ; croplands and rangelands ; carbon sequestration ; organic manures ; aquaculture ; sustainability ; Egypt ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The sustainable development of agriculture is not only dependent on economics and policy but also relies on decisions to increase sustainability through either (1) specialization (e.g., sustainable intensification) or (2) diversification (e.g., ecological intensification). Understanding the historical context of the region being evaluated is critical to selecting ideal development strategies. Depending on the emphasis on either specialization or diversification, sustainable development can follow different pathways. Specialization during agricultural development is typically concentrated in specific geographic areas with comparative advantages in terms of agricultural production. However, tradeoffs to agricultural specialization include greater reliance on purchased external inputs, greater dependence on government support, and international and interregional interdependence. Addressing the economic and environmental challenges of specialized agricultural production requires a focus on detailed models and field experiments to help balance productivity with reduced environmental impacts. Diversification can incorporate both enterprise diversification as well as ecological intensification strategies, such as integrating livestock and agroforestry with crops. Despite the promises of maintaining the diversity of small shareholders in the developing world, challenges remain. Regional case studies can be used to inspire and implement diversified agricultural systems for the creation of more sustainable future food systems around the world.
    Keywords: consumers’ food preference ; contingent valuation ; purchasing power ; market prospects ; rural economy ; sustainability ; agricultural development ; agricultural economic cycle ; agricultural policies ; binary outcome models ; off-farm ; rural development ; principal component analysis ; wage employment ; child health ; commercialization potential ; conservation status ; livelihood ; policy ; sustainable ; agricultural mechanization ; structural equation model (SEM) ; partial least square (PLS) ; affecting factors ; agri-food supply chain ; almond nuts ; export demand ; retaliatory tariff policy ; feed brand loyalty ; switching behavior of egg producers ; egg-producing farmers ; logistic regression ; edible beans ; planting behavior ; high quality ; multilevel model ; determinants ; China ; “Belt and Road” ; agriculture products ; trade structure ; social networks ; QAP ; content-based analysis ; media coverage ; spatiotemporal distribution ; sustainability trade-offs ; Targeted Poverty Alleviation Strategy ; industry chain ; government grants ; technological innovation in agricultural enterprises ; R&D investment ; fast growing tree plantations ; inherently nutrient-poor soil ; improved germplasms ; increased stand wood biomass ; healthier soils ; sustainable development goals ; diversity indexes ; cultivars ; livestock breeds ; Maine ; climate change ; farm irrigation facilities ; agriculture total factor productivity (TFP) ; technical advancement ; roadside vegetation ; reduced mowing ; pollinators ; ecotypic seed ; native plant material ; human food ; Opuntia stricta ; organic production ; non-conventional vegetable ; soluble solids ; agrometeorological modeling ; multiple linear regression ; statistical model ; sugarcane ; yield prediction ; agricultural frontier ; Brazil ; land conversion ; land use ; southern Amazon ; supervised classification ; Teles Pires River ; territorial dynamics ; agricultural education ; agricultural producers ; agricultural professionals ; education and learning processes ; questionnaires ; rural extension ; environmental impact ; soil conservation ; water erosion prediction ; watershed ; WEPP parameters ; Amazon ; beef ; deforestation ; environmental impacts ; greenhouse gases ; livestock intensification strategies ; Cerrado-Amazon ; crops ; geoprocessing ; GIS ; mapping ; rainfall simulator ; satellite images ; soil erosion ; ecological forest ranger ; policy satisfaction ; fuzzy set ; qualitative comparative analysis ; influencing factors ; Amazonia ; Google Earth Engine ; hydro-sedimentology ; reflectance ; satellite imagery ; available water capacity ; hydraulic conductivity ; pore distribution curve ; retention curve ; soil texture ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Drought and Groundwater Development is an important reference work in the field of groundwater science. Covering various topics related to groundwater contamination and aquifer management, this reprint makes an important contribution to the field of hydrogeology and hydrology by providing up-to-date, comprehensive, and holistic information on groundwater management during droughts. Key features:- Presents global case studies that show readers how this problem affects sites around the world.- Includes a remediation plan, problem-solving, groundwater management, water treatment techniques, and management of available groundwater resources.- Provides advanced techniques that can be applied as a methodology for solving.
    Keywords: aquifer recharge ; groundwater resources ; GIS and remote sensing ; GIS-based AHP ; groundwater potential mapping ; proxy data sources ; artificial recharge ; groundwater ; numerical model ; drought ; water shortage ; riverbank filtration ; dissolved organic matter ; Nakdong river ; trace organic contaminants ; water intake ; detailed numerical modeling ; performance evaluation ; operation scenario ; climate change ; climatic break ; western Africa ; groundwater recharge ; Gilgel Gibe watershed ; LULC ; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ; SWAT-CUP ; surface runoff ; conjunctive use ; sand dam ; groundwater well ; water budget analysis ; runoff estimation ; water balance model ; Kajiyama formula ; water supply ; MODFLOW ; reliability ; Korea ; groundwater vulnerability ; GOD Index ; GIS ; EC and NO3− parameters ; net groundwater recharge rate ; water budget ; simple climate change scenario ; Nakdong river watershed ; precipitation ; remote sensing ; thematic layers ; AHP ; weighted overlay ; groundwater potential zone ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Natural hazard events and technological accidents are separate causes of environmental impacts. Natural hazards are physical phenomena active in geological times, whereas technological hazards result from actions or facilities created by humans. In our time, combined natural and man-made hazards have been induced. Overpopulation and urban development in areas prone to natural hazards increase the impact of natural disasters worldwide. Additionally, urban areas are frequently characterized by intense industrial activity and rapid, poorly planned growth that threatens the environment and degrades the quality of life. Therefore, proper urban planning is crucial to minimize fatalities and reduce the environmental and economic impacts that accompany both natural and technological hazardous events.
    Keywords: landslide monitoring ; early warning ; emergency management ; dissemination ; urbanized areas ; benefit evaluation ; gray correlation method ; soil erosion ; soil physical properties ; earthquake fatalities ; deep learning ; random forest ; feature importance ; structure type ; flash flood ; driving factor ; sensitivity analysis ; subregion of landcover ; Yunnan Province ; flood risk ; Bayesian networks ; integrated index for flood risk assessment ; WSN ; pipeline leakage ; human-induced sinkhole ; leakage detection ; sewer pipeline ; sensors ; highway waterfall ice ; ground water ; mathematical model ; formation mechanism ; natural hazards ; multi-agent system ; emergency relief ; public participation ; contamination indices ; geo-accumulation factor ; heavy metals ; GIS ; hazard ; social vulnerability ; hydrological and hydrodynamic model ; analytic hierarchy process ; fuzzy Delphi ; Athens metropolitan area ; urban fires ; analytical hierarchy process ; flooding ; structural vulnerability ; seismicity ; Wastewater Treatment Plants ; sustainability ; Ioannina polje ; soil quality ; agricultural soil ; aircraft emissions ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: With the development of high-precision geological observation technology, in situ mineral microanalysis technology, isotope geochemical analysis technology, deep geophysical exploration technology, deep drilling, real-time mining, remote sensing highresolution hyperspectral image technology, and supercomputer and industrial intelligence, geoscience has entered an era of big data and artificial intelligence in the 21st century. Three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) geoscience modeling with the multi-disciplinary intersection of geosciences has been used as the basis for mineral exploration and the extraction of geosciences information for mineral resource assessment.
    Keywords: GIS ; multivariate geoscience datasets ; RBFLN ; metallogenic prospective area ; 3D structural modeling (3D SM) ; 3D fault system models (FSMs) ; seismic attribute models ; reservoir properties ; facies ; hydrocarbon-bearing zones ; oxidation of molybdenite ; ore-forming process ; 3D multi-parameter geological modeling ; microanalysis ; Shangfanggou ; continental red beds ; hematite ; secondary reduction zone ; Danxia landform ; deep prospecting ; 3D metallogenic prediction ; characteristic variables ; stepped metallogenic model ; resource potential ; Jiaodong Peninsula ; geological modeling ; orebody modeling ; coons surface interpolation ; contour interpolation ; polygon triangulation ; 3D mineral prospectivity modeling ; random forest ; logistic regression ; Xuancheng–Magushan area ; 3D geological modeling ; 3D ore-body modeling ; spectral interpretation and 3D modeling ; mineral exploration and deep targeting ; Zhaoxian gold deposit ; independent component analysis ; 3D modeling ; spectral feature subset selection ; 3D mineral prospectivity mapping ; quantitative mineral resources prediction model ; maximum entropy model ; Gaussian mixture model ; Zaozigou gold deposit ; geological and geochemical quantitative prediction model at depth ; Deep auto-encoder network ; Student Teacher Ore-induced Anomaly Detection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The production and development of the built environment relates strongly to the fields of architecture and urban planning. The built environment experiences severe impacts from disasters that have become more frequent and intense around the world due to climate change and other human actions, requiring research on architectural design and urban planning that contributes to resilience. On the other hand, the built environment itself causes environmental impacts through the consumption of energy, land-use change and pressure on ecosystems, among a variety of other factors. Thus, research-informed policies, practices, and strategies relating to the built environment are necessary, requiring innovative and forward-thinking visions for a resilient and sustainable future. The built environment is multifold, with its manifestation determined by economic levels, political systems, demography, and natural resources. Therefore, contextual approaches and solutions in architecture and urban planning are essential to produce a diverse range of research findings. This publication serves as a platform to assemble such recent and innovative research findings relating to resilience and sustainability in the architecture and urban planning fields, and through an open access mode, disseminate this knowledge widely at a time when the world is facing critical challenges posed by disasters and environmental transformation.
    Keywords: social housing ; renovation works ; energy efficiency improvement ; Cappuccinelli Social Housing district ; Trapani ; disaster mitigation ; disaster-risk reduction ; disaster recovery ; design ; architecture ; design thinking ; energy performance gap ; occupant behavior ; residential buildings ; energy efficiency ; sustainability ; resilience ; cyclones ; self-recovery ; shelter ; Vanuatu ; Town Camps ; First Nation communities ; topological mapping ; community infrastructure ; PPGIS ; minimalism ; architectural design ; COVID-19 pandemic ; construction industry ; health and safety ; communication ; construction projects ; Elemental ; Villa Verde ; incremental housing ; adaptation ; urban planning ; tsunami ; Sri Lanka ; multi-hazard ; urban regeneration ; urban renewal ; urban analysis ; urban evaluation ; parameters ; neighborhood evaluation ; climate change ; CMIP6 ; extreme precipitation ; Gandaki Province ; GIS ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Knowledge and awareness of the risks generated by natural hazards are essential requirements for the enhancement of communities' resilience to disasters. United Nations directives have recently pointed out the necessity of undertaking actions aimed at anticipating, managing, and mitigating disaster risks to reduce their economic and social impact and protect the health, socioeconomic assets, cultural heritage, and ecosystems of communities and countries. While the increasing occurrence of disasters caused by meteorological events, such as floods, storms, and droughts, can be directly ascribed to the consequence of climate change, disasters induced by earthquakes and tsunamis are increasing even if their frequency of occurrence is historically unchanged. This Special Issue addresses concepts, methods, and predictive methodologies for assessing natural hazard risks. It presents fifteen articles focusing on the single-risk assessment of a broad range of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, river/sea floods, meteotsunamis, tornados, hydrological and meteorological drought, liquefaction, as well as on multirisk assessment in the presence of multiple hazards. The adopted methodologies rely on (a) quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative methods for the assessment of the risks related to natural hazards; (b) risk analysis at different scales; (c) multi-hazard risk assessment techniques; (d) real-time hazard monitoring and warning systems; (e) disaster mitigation strategies; and (f) risk management and emergency planning on multiple scales.
    Keywords: tornadoes ; climatology ; Bayesian ; risk assessment ; multi hazard ; seismic risk ; hydraulic risk ; machine learning ; principal component analysis ; climate change ; multi-hazards ; WRF-ARW ; EC-Earth GCM ; Greece ; geographic information system ; hazard assessment ; river terraces ; flood risk ; multiple-criteria decision analysis ; PROMETHEE algorithm ; lateral displacement ; liquefaction ; Gaussian process regression ; sensitivity analysis ; NFIP claims ; flood insurance ; flood cause of loss ; HURDAT ; catastrophe model ; seismic risk assessment ; pushover analysis ; vulnerability index ; damage index ; index of seismic risk ; masonry buildings ; geophysical surveying ; seismic tomography ; geotechnical characterization ; drought SDI ; SPI ; linkage ; propagation ; Adriatic Sea ; database ; tsunami ; meteotsunami ; ArcGis ; WebApp ; AHP ; digital elevation model ; flood ; GIS ; target displacement ; earthquake ; peak ground acceleration ; reinforced-concrete ; pushover ; coastal flooding ; real-time warning system ; tides ; wind-generated waves ; barometric pressure ; mobile application ; multi-hazard risk assessment ; multi-criteria decision-making ; PROMETHEE method ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNR Natural disasters
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The construction industry is growing rapidly and time has changed the construction methods used. The traditional way of construction is becoming obsolete and technology is taking over. In this case, sustainable construction is the future and the new norm in the construction industry. Although there are various opportunities in this sector, there are also some challenges that exist and hinder productivity. Hence, this reprint covers the opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction.
    Keywords: thin film ; organic solar cell ; efficiency ; DBR ; temperature ; life cycle ; impact assessment ; recycled material ; geopolymer concrete ; sustainability ; workforce diversity ; technical skills ; motivation ; psychosocial ; construction worker ; productivity ; BIM ; post-disaster reconstruction ; construction industry ; scientometric analysis ; visualization ; PRISMA ; review ; RWL ; time series ; RHR ; seasonality ; prediction ; ANN ; SARIMA ; wastewater ; oil palm leaves activated carbon ; chemical activation ; COD ; adsorption ; green technology ; marble dust ; air pollution ; health hazards ; environmental pollution ; econometric analysis ; construction sector ; sustainable construction ; circular economy ; forecasting ; causal loop diagram ; construction management ; resilient supply chain ; sustainable supply chain ; supply chain management ; systems thinking ; forecasting models ; energy consumption ; smart buildings ; machine learning ; LSTM technique ; GIS ; PCA ; groundwater quality ; health risk ; solid waste ; error management climate ; psychological capital ; job stress ; aeronautical industry ; structural equation modeling ; IR 4.0 ; health and safety ; AHP ; barriers ; small contractors ; SEM ; Malaysia ; economy ; eco-materials ; energy ; environmental impact ; lean construction ; pollution ; prefabricated construction ; mediation analysis ; trust ; satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on case studies and theoretical concepts on sustainable land-use management in agroforestry systems. Special attention is given to farmland management in the contexts of farmers’ investments, farmers’ economic and behavioral factors, and farmers’ perceptions of irrigation systems. Urban agriculture and its extensions (e.g., urban gardening and urban beekeeping) are also featured in this book, in addition to the ways in which these practices can contribute to biodiversity conservation goals. Additionally, a case study on the use of the ecosystem evaluation index is featured and provides scientific and practical bases for land protection. Lastly, a state-of-the-art review on land-use policy is included, providing insights into how agroforestry systems can be converted to other land uses to meet the current demands. Scientists, practitioners, and policymakers can make use of this book in designing sustainable agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: urban beekeeping ; regulations ; barrier ; setback ; 3D laser scanner ; remote sensing ; fence location ; organic agriculture ; environment-friendly agriculture ; regression tree ; attitude ; motivation ; satisfaction ; property rights ; ecological property rights ; forestry investment ; farmers’ behavior ; reservoir confluence area ; subjective wellbeing ; community perceptions ; urban gardening ; Indonesia ; COVID-19 ; evidence-based policymaking ; agricultural land ; forests ; consensus building ; Japan ; collective forest rights ; land tenure ; reform ; forestland investment ; public welfare ; forest land ; migration ; drought tolerant breeds ; adaptation ; relief grants ; policy intervention ; smallholder livestock farmers ; agricultural ; urban ; rice–fish farming ; biodiversity ; education ; experience ; museum ; land use ; land cover ; temporal and spatial change ; ecosystem assessment ; GIS ; northeast forest belt ; agroecosystem services ; alpine areas ; extensive livestock farming ; stakeholder participation ; focus group ; water resources ; water framework directive ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book brings together the latest research findings on the state of air pollution control and its impact on economic growth in different countries. The book has substantial content and rich discussion. It is suitable for students and researchers at different levels to learn the status of air pollution, governance policies and their effects, and the relationship between pollution control and economic growth in countries around the world.
    Keywords: haze pollution ; economic development quality ; environmental management ; PM2.5 concentration ; evolutionary game ; quadrilateral game ; air pollution ; pollution control policy ; PM2.5 ; spatiotemporal variation ; empirical orthogonal function ; continuous wavelet transform ; backward trajectory analysis ; joint governance region ; atrial fibrillation ; environmental factors ; binary logistic model ; sustainable development ; early warning ; design mobile laboratory campaign ; air pollution concentration ; population exposure to air pollutant ; air quality ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; urban land use ; coupled relationship ; Lanzhou City ; economic growth rate ; GDP per capita ; China ; digital economy ; industrial structure ; spatial spillover ; noise ; silence zone area ; GIS ; linear regression ; mechanical ventilation systems ; minimum ventilation level ; Korea housing ; CO2 concentration ; apartment ventilation ; construction industry ; sustainable development goals ; sustainable construction ; healthy living environment ; King Abdulaziz University ; GWR ; zero-carbon campus ; spatial heterogeneity ; O3 ; transmission pathways ; backward trajectory ; PSCF ; CWT ; global research trend ; SCI-Expanded database ; scientometrics ; halogenated gases ; climate change ; ozone depletion ; environmental regulations ; green technology innovation ; regional differences ; difference-in-differences ; urban form ; urbanization ; spatial autocorrelation ; sensitivity ; aerosols ; zero-out ; Iberian Peninsula ; carbon peak ; carbon neutrality ; export trade ; embodied carbon ; Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index ; random forests ; atmospheric circulation ; machine learning ; complex topography ; big-data intelligent system ; on-road vehicle emissions ; traffic monitoring ; hyperfine modelling ; real-time visualization ; decarbonization ; bituminous coal ; pollution source ; monitoring ; road traffic ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of groundwater models developed with the aim of optimizing the management of water resources in urban environments, coastal areas, karst aquifers, and riparian zones, among other environments. The testing of innovative techniques applied to traditional models, including machine learning techniques, is of particular interest. Special attention is given to the application of tools for the evaluation of climate change effects on groundwater.
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; modeling ; MODFLOW ; kriging ; residuals ; water levels ; Edwards–Trinity aquifer ; GIS ; remote sensing ; groundwater potential assessment ; analytical hierarchy processes ; weight overlay analysis ; West Arsi Zone ; groundwater ; physically-based models ; machine learning models ; artificial neural network ; random forest ; support vector machine ; carbonate aquifer ; faults and folds ; groundwater modelling ; multilayer aquifer ; MODFLOW-NWT formulation ; Central Italy ; heat transport ; watershed modeling ; temperature ; climate change ; water pollution ; solute transport modelling ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; pollution prevention plans ; pharmaceuticals ; carbamazepine ; longitudinal dispersion coefficient ; decay rate coefficient ; small island ; groundwater storage ; groundwater management ; geo-electrical survey ; density-dependent model ; SEAWAT ; water security ; unsaturated zone ; water management ; groundwater forecasting ; foothill aquifers ; Brenta River plain ; Empoli plain ; Magra Valley ; groundwater hydrochemistry ; principal component analysis ; multi-aquifer system ; flow model ; contaminant sources ; urban hydrogeology ; rising groundwater levels ; shallow aquifer ; 3D geodatabase ; horizontal flow barrier ; Milan ; Italy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sustainability is a critical global challenge that requires comprehensive assessments of environmental, social, and economic indicators. The formulation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represents a significant leap forward in humanity's pursuit of sustainability. The SDGs now serve as a shared platform for global development, guiding current actions towards and shaping visions of a sustainable future. Monitoring progress towards the SDGs and sustainability in general is essential. This is true not only at the global and national scales, but also at the subnational and landscape levels. Geographic information science (GIScience) and remote sensing (RS) have made significant advances in these areas. These breakthroughs include the increasing availability of geospatial data, a development which plays a crucial role in this regard. This Special Issue aimed to bring together novel contributions on the assessment of sustainability and sustainability-related indicators over space and time using geospatial data, tools, and techniques (GIScience and RS). This publication contains 11 peer-reviewed papers, including two review articles and nine research articles.
    Keywords: sustainable development ; Earth observation ; SDG indicators ; EO4SDG ; SDG global indicator framework ; global SDG indicators database ; social-ecological indicators ; Urban Surface Ecological Status (USES) ; Remotely Sensed Surface Ecological Index (RSUSEI) ; sustainability ; impervious surfaces ; US cities ; National Land Cover Database (NLCD) ; wetland ; muthurajawela marsh and negombo lagoon ; socio-ecological ; spatio-temporal analysis ; urban ecology ; remote sensing ; conflict resources monitoring ; disease control and prevention ; human rights ; genocide tracking ; human rights violation ; geopolitics ; population mapping ; Landsat ; deep learning ; multi-temporal ; ResNet-N ; Google Earth Engine ; China ; SDGs ; remote sensing ecological index ; ecological protection ; principal component analysis ; entropy value method ; spatial autocorrelation ; Wuhan city ; M-RSEQI ; DMSP ; entropy method ; coupling coordination degree model ; remote sensing data ; urbanization ; sustainable development path ; life service resources ; spatial justice ; GIScience ; Beijing ; SDG11 ; geospatial big data ; sustainable development goals ; earth observation ; Guilin ; intra-urban heat island ; space-time ; GIS ; land use and land cover change ; shifting cultivation ; tropical forest gain and loss ; topographic factors ; distance to roads ; logistic regression ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Extreme hydrometeorological events, which cause severe impacts in terms of injuries, casualties, and socioeconomic losses, are being reported more and more frequently worldwide. Climate variability and anthropogenic changes amplify the impacts of these events. This reprint showcases studies which address challenges related to monitoring, modeling, forecasting, and assessing the impacts of hydrometeorological hazards. These studies focus on: (i) the description of recent relevant extreme hydrometeorological events, accompanied by analyses of spatiotemporal features and trends; (ii) the estimation and projection of the impacts of climate change and land-use transformations on the occurrence and severity of hydrometeorological extreme events, with associated uncertainties; (iii) the integration of remote sensing data or climate forecasts and models to provide timely warnings or reliable predictions; and (iv) the use of advanced statistical methodologies to characterize extreme hydrometeorological events, among other topics.
    Keywords: soil moisture ; dry spells ; time domain reflectometry ; moisture decrease model ; Poland ; extreme events ; hydrological indicators ; SPI ; water resources management ; repeated TLS surveys ; DEM of Difference (DoD), sediment budgeting ; glacial and postglacial surface features ; Svalbard ; floods ; GIS ; natural hazards ; risk management ; spatial management ; risk preparedness ; urban flooding ; resilience ; climate change adaptation ; community involvement ; urban population estimation ; building capacity ; flood impact ; GIS modelling ; flood mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques.
    Keywords: convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; point clouds ; structural damage assessment ; vegetation indices ; RGB cameras ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; empirical line method ; Green leaf index ; open aerial map ; autonomous ; hexacopter ; water quality ; water stratification ; water temperature ; drones ; Martian atmosphere ; thermal analysis ; aerodynamics ; thermoelectric generators ; hyperspectral images ; multispectral data ; machine learning ; ice detection ; UAS ; GCP ; 3D point cloud ; DSM ; image processing accuracy ; actual evapotranspiration ; high spatiotemporal resolution ; multispectral imagery ; thermal infrared imagery ; METRIC energy balance model ; irrigated field crops ; precision agriculture ; travelling salesman problem ; UAV-based precision farming ; Euclidean distance ; Voronoi ; site-specific fertilizer spray ; UAV ; RPAAS ; aerial application ; backpack sprayer ; spray deposition ; droplet spectra ; palmer amaranth ; morningglory ; Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition ; UAV applications ; exergy analysis ; hydrogen ; dimethyl ether ; fuel reactivity control ; FANETs ; ad hoc networking ; drone swarms ; efficient routing ; traffic monitoring ; 4G/LTE ; VPN ; real-time video ; computer vision ; unmanned aerial systems ; autonomous systems ; wildland fire ; forest fires ; fire detection ; UAVs ; safety ; signal processing ; condition-based maintenance ; structural health monitoring ; fault diagnostics ; fault mitigation ; contingency planning ; streamflow ; sediment loading ; digital terrain model ; rocky coast ; Galicia ; ecosystems ; geomorphic change detection ; GIS ; drone ; dragonfly ; insect ; biomimetic ; biological inspiration ; design ; remote sensing ; coral reefs ; linear unmixing ; R ; Google Earth Engine ; persistent surveillance ; hierarchical architecture of UAV teaming ; communication aware UAV formation ; dynamical object tracking ; intercommunication quality ; UAV-based monitoring ; agricultural robotics ; plant disease detection ; RGB images ; Cercospora leaf spot ; CNNs ; semantic segmentation ; phenotyping ; bog ; Oculus Quest 2 ; Mer Bleue ; SfM ; augmented reality ; AR ; unmanned aerial systems (UAS) ; aerial photogrammetry ; habitat monitoring ; braided river habitats ; efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; civilian use ; factors ; design and selection ; law-making ; mind-mining ; expert groups ; literature study ; triple helix model (THM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; collision avoidance ; depth cameras ; point cloud ; CPU ; GPU ; spiral ; Mars ; autogyro ; gyroplane ; autonomous flight ; indoor positioning ; cyber pilot ; sensor fusion ; distributed electric propulsion ; boundary layer ingestion ; propeller ; fixed wing ; aerial drones ; autonomous navigation ; path planning ; reactive control ; obstacle avoidance ; sense-and-avoid ; hybrid navigation method ; dynamic environments ; small unmanned aircraft systems ; photogrammetry ; structure-from-motion ; wind impact ; turbulence ; crash scene reconstruction ; traffic incident management ; detection ; CBRNe ; MOX ; chemical sensor ; simulation ; fluid dynamics simulations ; green water ; integrated water management strategies ; smallholder farms ; water productivity ; localization ; communication ; drone swarm ; lidar ; streams ; canopy height ; roughness ; vegetation density ; change detection ; NB-IoT ; network analysis ; simulations ; landslides ; multispectral ; RGB ; vegetation monitoring ; legislation ; ethics ; spatial social sciences ; advanced leak detection ; advanced leak quantification ; source estimation ; environmental monitoring ; landfill ; natural gas ; human–swarm interaction ; situation awareness ; user-centered interface design ; thermal imaging ; blackbody ; emissivity ; thermography ; base stations ; cellular networks ; photovoltaic system ; battery ; search and rescue ; autonomous drones ; acceleration ; deceleration ; drone classification ; CNN ; HERM lines ; micro-Doppler ; radars ; aeromagnetics ; drone survey ; mineral exploration ; geophysical prospecting ; speed ; RFID ; inventory ; labor ; forecast ; drone technology ; aquaculture ; precision aquaculture ; aquaculture monitoring ; aquaculture drones ; internet of things ; swarm robotics ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; evolutionary game theory ; evolutionary algorithm ; surveillance system ; multi-objective optimisation ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; digital surface model (DSM) ; orthomosaic ; Earth observation ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; social acceptance ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; CORUS-XUAM ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; cellular-enabled drones ; aerial base stations ; 5G/B5G/6G cellular networks ; gesture recognition ; small drone ; long-distance surveillance ; ground target tracking ; track-to-track association ; image-to-position conversion ; anti-collision radar ; autonomous flight unmanned aerial system ; obstacle detection ; radar mapping ; unmanned aerial system (UAS) ; n/a ; grazing density ; nutrient ; pasture management ; forage grass ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint aims to provide a common forum to share knowledge about the growing threat of geohazards such as landslides, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, coastal changes, and drought, among many others, due to the expanding size of cities and urban areas, the critical use of agricultural lands, the increased use of infrastructure, and the effects of climate change.A total of thirty-one papers (twenty-eight research papers, one review paper, and one technical note) on different topics like coastal changes, landslides, earthquakes, and others are presented in this reprint. The published works have been carried out in different parts of the world, such as Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Hungary, China, South Korea, India, Malaysia, Algeria, Canada, or Mexico.
    Keywords: debris flow ; berm ; mitigation measure ; volumetric concentration ; gas hydrates ; European margins ; geohazard assessment ; electric tomography ; three-dimensional ; electrodes ; seat control ; foundations ; stabilization methodology ; landslide displacement prediction ; decomposition-ensemble model ; recurrent neural network (RNN) ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) ; maximal information coefficient (MIC) ; flood vulnerability ; spatial analysis ; logistic regression ; ROC analysis ; flood detection ; site effects ; spectral ratio ; trans-mexican volcanic belt ; landslide ; safety factor ; Central Spanish Pyrenees ; soft rocks ; stabilization measures ; b value ; stable state ; depth ; Longmenshan fault ; flood risk ; cultural heritage sites ; bathymetric data ; manning’s roughness coefficient ; hydrodynamic modelling ; beach erosion ; storm waves ; recovery process ; video monitoring ; pocket beach ; Middle-Chelif sedimentary basin ; HVSR ; array measurement ; frequency–wavenumber (F–K) method ; landslide-induced wave ; lake-tsunami assessment ; mountain lakes ; landslides ; artificial rainfall ; grain size ; rainfall pattern ; pore water pressure ; generator of earthquakes ; low-to-moderate seismicity ; stochastic ; France ; loess ; dry-wet cycles ; triaxial creep test ; creep behavior ; strain-time ; long-term strength ; forest fires ; Cat model ; climate change ; disaster risk ; machine learning ; R programming language ; extreme droughts ; modeling ; crop yield losses ; crop insurance ; landslide dynamics ; landslide classification ; dynamic models ; depth-averaged model ; GIS ; coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics ; erosion/accretion patterns ; remote sensing ; beach types ; meteo-ocean effects ; landslide susceptibility ; volume ratio ; reserve increase-rate-analysis method ; Loess Plateau ; landslide risk ; natural phenomena ; Reggio Calabria ; AHP method ; multi-hazard ; earthquake ; wind ; flood ; hazards ; hurricane ; mitigation ; resilience ; risk assessment ; bridge ; building ; wind turbine ; control system ; Middle-Chelif Basin ; ambient vibrations ; array techniques ; Vs30 ; site classification ; liquefaction ; electron bursts ; NOAA satellite ; East Pacific earthquakes ; conditional probability ; risk reduction ; validation ; predictive capability ; tropical climate ; Malaysia ; insurance hazard model ; earthquake clustering ; space–time ETAS model ; Hungarian earthquake catalogue ; 2020 Petrinja earthquake ; multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) ; analytical hierarchy process (AHP) ; receiver operating characteristics ; area under the curve (AUC) ; completely weathered granite ; runoff ; sediment production ; slope erosion ; flow velocity hydrodynamic characteristics ; combination weighting method ; cluster analysis ; optimization ; classification of debris flows ; Longmenshan Town ; dune cliff ; land management ; data analysis ; earth fissure ; microtremor testing ; spectrum analysis ; amplification effect ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This reprint highlights the importance of Deep Learning (DL), which has garnered significant attention in science, industry, and academia. It draws inspiration from the functioning of the human brain and the concept of learning. Unlike traditional and machine learning methods, deep learning techniques emulate the human brain's neural networks at a lower scale, allowing them to process and analyze substantial quantities of unstructured data. The remarkable proficiency of deep learning in unveiling intricate structures within extensive datasets genuinely resembles the extraordinary aptitude of the brain to recognize patterns and form complex connections. This unique characteristic allows DL to excel in modeling and solving complex problems across various scientific and technological fields. Just as the brain learns from experience, DL architectures learn through algorithms from data by adjusting numerous parameters during training to optimize their performance and accuracy. This concept of learning and adaptation is fundamental to DL's success. This reprint serves as an excellent opportunity to disseminate current knowledge beyond academic boundaries, reaching a diverse audience encompassing academics, professionals, and the general public. This wide readership fosters the potential for meaningful connections to established projects and the cultivation of collaboration for future research endeavors.
    Keywords: PSO ; sign language recognition ; optimization of convolutional neural networks ; breast segmentation ; mammogram ; deep learning ; semantic segmentation ; radar image prediction ; rain radar ; precipitation nowcasting ; UNet ; PredRNN_v2 ; cubical complex ; cubical homology ; image classification ; persistent homology ; labor exports ; Northeast Asian Countries ; backpropagation neural network (BPNN) ; k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) ; random forest regression (RFR) ; decision making ; emotion distribution learning ; text-based emotion analysis ; affective words ; multi-task CNN ; ghettos ; GIS ; networks ; Washington D.C. ; machine learning ; segregation ; hybrid deep learning ; time series ; LSTM ; Stacked LSTM ; CNN-LSTMs ; BDLSTM ; CNN ; GRU ; modeling ; SARS-CoV-2 ; generative adversarial network ; image generation ; image synthesis ; GAN ; generative model ; Inception score ; scoreGAN ; waste classification ; angle detection box ; dynamic smoothing ; YOLOv5 ; computer vision ; object detection ; traffic sign detection ; you only look once (YOLO) ; attention mechanism ; feature fusion ; barrier options ; Black–Scholes model ; polynomial regression ; random forest regression ; artificial neural network ; option Greeks ; data analysis ; ski goggles lenses ; surface defect ; automatic optical inspection ; Faster-RCNN ; fine-tune ; MobileNetV3 ; FPN ; RPN ; DNS ; firewall ; malicious ; domain ; name ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint presents a collection of twelve scientific articles that delve into the complex relationship between climate change and food security in various regions of the world. The articles examine the impact of climate change on crop production, water resources, and livestock farming, and they explore potential adaptive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on food security. The articles cover a wide range of geographic locations, from Southeastern Poland to Central Ethiopia, Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Afghanistan, and Canada. Each article provides valuable insight into the impact of climate change on food security, including the potential link between drought and wild blueberry production in Maine, the use of geospatial assessments to guide climate adaptation strategies for flood-tolerant rice varieties in India, and the impact of non-conventional agricultural spaces on mitigating the effects of climate change on food security in Quebec, Canada. The authors also explore the impact of climate-smart agriculture interventions on food security and dietary diversity in Myanmar, as well as the determinants of smallholder livestock farmers' household resilience to food insecurity in South Africa. Additionally, the reprint includes a case study on water profitability analysis to improve food security and climate resilience in the Egyptian Nile Delta. Taken together, these articles provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of climate change on food security and highlight the need for innovative solutions to ensure sustainable food systems in the face of climate change.
    Keywords: climate change ; Kunduz River Basin ; trend analysis ; river discharge ; landcover changes ; temperature ; rainfall ; drought ; weather ; livelihood ; agroclimatic variability ; minimum and maximum temperatures ; maize yield ; rainfall patterns ; Setsoto municipality ; Free State province ; crop yield ; adaptation strategies ; water requirement ; WEAP-MABIA model ; agricultural drought ; resilience ; food insecurity ; assets ; adaptive capacity ; social safety net ; local initiatives ; food miles ; ecological transition ; remote sensing ; GIS ; flood tolerant seeds ; Swarna-Sub1 Rice ; climate adaptation ; climate-smart agriculture ; food security ; dietary diversity ; climate-smart villages ; HFIAS ; HDDS ; wild blueberry barrens ; precipitation ; drought index (SPEI) ; drought impact ; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ; enhanced vegetation index (EVI) ; water profitability ; water productivity ; Nile Delta ; water security ; rainfed durum wheat ; AquaCrop ; delta method ; CO2 fertilizing effect ; explorations ; forecasting models ; food access ; late blight ; potato production ; stress ; cultivars temperature yield ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The reprint focuses on environmental monitoring as a key issue in the sustainable management of land resources, where the increasing availability of temporal and spatial soil data plays a fundamental role. Remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) applications allow the efficient handling of these data with the aim of developing predictive and robust models to reduce land degradation and soil erosion.
    Keywords: sediment monitoring ; remote sensing ; lakes ; water capacity ; sonar ; aquatic drone ; USLE ; MMF ; soil quality ; soil properties ; indices ; Andean region ; landslide ; logistic regression ; environmental hazard ; risk assessment ; soil mapping ; interpolation methods ; different depths ; regional scale ; analytical hierarchical process ; land degradation vulnerability ; NDVI ; land surface temperature ; debris flow ; fine sediments ; cohesion ; Beichuan ; RUSLE ; GIS ; climate change ; soil erosion ; erosion risk assessment ; drought ; ecosystem services ; land use ; soil moisture dynamics ; water stress ; soil salinization ; saline soil treatment ; remote sensing monitoring ; model construction ; DVI ; machine learning ; random forest ; spatial mapping ; soil salinity ; salinity indices ; vegetation indices ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue focused on the "Technologies, Applications, and Assessments for Proper Sustainable Forest Operations (SFOs)". One of the main topics was to promote knowledge for future relations between forest logging, environmental protection, and management of forests in order to provide timber at reasonable costs and other ecosystem services, such as recreation and conservation as well as biodiversity. This Special Issue contains 12 original papers, some of them reporting the outcomes of long-time experiences, reviewed by international experts in forestry and forest operations engineering fields. This Special Issue aims to increase the knowledge concerning the SFOs, with practical implications at scientific and technical levels. This Special Issue collected a representative sample of the most recent papers on the subject, which come from many different countries and cover a variety of subjects, confirming the wide scope covered by the Sustainable Forest Operations topic.
    Keywords: forestry infrastructure ; supply mechanism ; game theory ; experimental economics ; skidding operation ; soil properties ; sustainable forest operation ; traffic intensity ; soil recovery ; forest operation ; skidding-winch ; forwarding ; soil resilience ; Mediterranean area ; agro-forestry operations ; poplar planting ; manual labor ; postural risk ; OWAS method ; sustainability ; reengineering ; improvement ; forestry ; forest residues ; climate change ; education ; GIS ; GNSS ; forwarder ; precision forestry ; sustainable forest operations ; cut-to-length ; soft soil ; soil protection ; rut depth ; TLS data ; LiDAR ; mastication ; SDI ; stand density index ; fuels ; random forest ; clearcut harvesting ; tree-length logging ; cable yarder ; time study technique ; efficiency ; forest operations ; machine operating trail ; midfield ; single-grip harvester ; tethering winch ; skidding productivity ; logging cost analysis ; harvesting site conditions ; restoration ; no-net-loss ; biodiversity conservation ; wood living species ; mining ; cost-efficiency ; boreal forest ; Sweden ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques.
    Keywords: convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; point clouds ; structural damage assessment ; vegetation indices ; RGB cameras ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; empirical line method ; Green leaf index ; open aerial map ; autonomous ; hexacopter ; water quality ; water stratification ; water temperature ; drones ; Martian atmosphere ; thermal analysis ; aerodynamics ; thermoelectric generators ; hyperspectral images ; multispectral data ; machine learning ; ice detection ; UAS ; GCP ; 3D point cloud ; DSM ; image processing accuracy ; actual evapotranspiration ; high spatiotemporal resolution ; multispectral imagery ; thermal infrared imagery ; METRIC energy balance model ; irrigated field crops ; precision agriculture ; travelling salesman problem ; UAV-based precision farming ; Euclidean distance ; Voronoi ; site-specific fertilizer spray ; UAV ; RPAAS ; aerial application ; backpack sprayer ; spray deposition ; droplet spectra ; palmer amaranth ; morningglory ; Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition ; UAV applications ; exergy analysis ; hydrogen ; dimethyl ether ; fuel reactivity control ; FANETs ; ad hoc networking ; drone swarms ; efficient routing ; traffic monitoring ; 4G/LTE ; VPN ; real-time video ; computer vision ; unmanned aerial systems ; autonomous systems ; wildland fire ; forest fires ; fire detection ; UAVs ; safety ; signal processing ; condition-based maintenance ; structural health monitoring ; fault diagnostics ; fault mitigation ; contingency planning ; streamflow ; sediment loading ; digital terrain model ; rocky coast ; Galicia ; ecosystems ; geomorphic change detection ; GIS ; drone ; dragonfly ; insect ; biomimetic ; biological inspiration ; design ; remote sensing ; coral reefs ; linear unmixing ; R ; Google Earth Engine ; persistent surveillance ; hierarchical architecture of UAV teaming ; communication aware UAV formation ; dynamical object tracking ; intercommunication quality ; UAV-based monitoring ; agricultural robotics ; plant disease detection ; RGB images ; Cercospora leaf spot ; CNNs ; semantic segmentation ; phenotyping ; bog ; Oculus Quest 2 ; Mer Bleue ; SfM ; augmented reality ; AR ; unmanned aerial systems (UAS) ; aerial photogrammetry ; habitat monitoring ; braided river habitats ; efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; civilian use ; factors ; design and selection ; law-making ; mind-mining ; expert groups ; literature study ; triple helix model (THM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; collision avoidance ; depth cameras ; point cloud ; CPU ; GPU ; spiral ; Mars ; autogyro ; gyroplane ; autonomous flight ; indoor positioning ; cyber pilot ; sensor fusion ; distributed electric propulsion ; boundary layer ingestion ; propeller ; fixed wing ; aerial drones ; autonomous navigation ; path planning ; reactive control ; obstacle avoidance ; sense-and-avoid ; hybrid navigation method ; dynamic environments ; small unmanned aircraft systems ; photogrammetry ; structure-from-motion ; wind impact ; turbulence ; crash scene reconstruction ; traffic incident management ; detection ; CBRNe ; MOX ; chemical sensor ; simulation ; fluid dynamics simulations ; green water ; integrated water management strategies ; smallholder farms ; water productivity ; localization ; communication ; drone swarm ; lidar ; streams ; canopy height ; roughness ; vegetation density ; change detection ; NB-IoT ; network analysis ; simulations ; landslides ; multispectral ; RGB ; vegetation monitoring ; legislation ; ethics ; spatial social sciences ; advanced leak detection ; advanced leak quantification ; source estimation ; environmental monitoring ; landfill ; natural gas ; human–swarm interaction ; situation awareness ; user-centered interface design ; thermal imaging ; blackbody ; emissivity ; thermography ; base stations ; cellular networks ; photovoltaic system ; battery ; search and rescue ; autonomous drones ; acceleration ; deceleration ; drone classification ; CNN ; HERM lines ; micro-Doppler ; radars ; aeromagnetics ; drone survey ; mineral exploration ; geophysical prospecting ; speed ; RFID ; inventory ; labor ; forecast ; drone technology ; aquaculture ; precision aquaculture ; aquaculture monitoring ; aquaculture drones ; internet of things ; swarm robotics ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; evolutionary game theory ; evolutionary algorithm ; surveillance system ; multi-objective optimisation ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; digital surface model (DSM) ; orthomosaic ; Earth observation ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; social acceptance ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; CORUS-XUAM ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; cellular-enabled drones ; aerial base stations ; 5G/B5G/6G cellular networks ; gesture recognition ; small drone ; long-distance surveillance ; ground target tracking ; track-to-track association ; image-to-position conversion ; anti-collision radar ; autonomous flight unmanned aerial system ; obstacle detection ; radar mapping ; unmanned aerial system (UAS) ; n/a ; grazing density ; nutrient ; pasture management ; forage grass ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint exists to solve high complexity issues in remote sensing data processing, geochemical data analysis, geophysical data analysis and appropriate applications of GIS techniques for data fusion designed for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. This reprint contains updated and informative knowledge of remote sensing imagery, geochemistry, geophysics and geospatial techniques that can assist in delineating the signatures and patterns linked to deep-seated, covered, blind, or buried mineral deposits and onshore oil slick detection, offshore oil spill monitoring and hydrocarbon exploration. It includes several color figures for remotely-sensed recognition of mineralization-related footprints. Additionally, this reprint comprehends several interactive flowcharts for describing the procedures explained therein.
    Keywords: multispectral satellite data ; PALSAR ; gold exploration ; Wadi Hodein shear belt ; transpressional deformation ; gold-bearing quartz veins ; resources characterization ; bauxite residues ; band ratio ; kriging of component ; mineral grade ; ASTER ; chromite ; Khoy ophiolite ; spectral angle mapper (SAM) ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; porphyry copper deposits ; machine learning ; DP ; SVM ; SAM ; zonality method ; remote sensing ; vertical zonality index ; geological layer ; alteration ; K-nearest neighbor ; porphyry-Cu deposit ; magnetic method ; gravity method ; magmatic intrusion ; hydrothermal fluid ; Lower Benue Trough ; southeast Nigeria ; aeromagnetic ; Bornu Basin ; Precambrian ; basement depth ; fault system analysis ; massive sulfide copper exploration ; airborne geophysical analysis ; Fry analysis ; multifractal technique ; high latitudes ; weak information ; thermal anomalies ; radioactive element deposits ; Kroh shale ; aromatic hydrocarbons ; spectroscopy ; humic acid ; organic carbon ; mineral exploration ; OLI ; Sentinel-2 ; GIS ; Khnaiguiyah ; Saudi Arabia ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest ; gold mineralization ; Sudan ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint exists to solve high complexity issues in remote sensing data processing, geochemical data analysis, geophysical data analysis and appropriate applications of GIS techniques for data fusion designed for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. This reprint contains updated and informative knowledge of remote sensing imagery, geochemistry, geophysics and geospatial techniques that can assist in delineating the signatures and patterns linked to deep-seated, covered, blind, or buried mineral deposits and onshore oil slick detection, offshore oil spill monitoring and hydrocarbon exploration. It includes several color figures for remotely-sensed recognition of mineralization-related footprints. Additionally, this reprint comprehends several interactive flowcharts for describing the procedures explained therein.
    Keywords: multispectral satellite data ; PALSAR ; gold exploration ; Wadi Hodein shear belt ; transpressional deformation ; gold-bearing quartz veins ; resources characterization ; bauxite residues ; band ratio ; kriging of component ; mineral grade ; ASTER ; chromite ; Khoy ophiolite ; spectral angle mapper (SAM) ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; porphyry copper deposits ; machine learning ; DP ; SVM ; SAM ; zonality method ; remote sensing ; vertical zonality index ; geological layer ; alteration ; K-nearest neighbor ; porphyry-Cu deposit ; magnetic method ; gravity method ; magmatic intrusion ; hydrothermal fluid ; Lower Benue Trough ; southeast Nigeria ; aeromagnetic ; Bornu Basin ; Precambrian ; basement depth ; fault system analysis ; massive sulfide copper exploration ; airborne geophysical analysis ; Fry analysis ; multifractal technique ; high latitudes ; weak information ; thermal anomalies ; radioactive element deposits ; Kroh shale ; aromatic hydrocarbons ; spectroscopy ; humic acid ; organic carbon ; mineral exploration ; OLI ; Sentinel-2 ; GIS ; Khnaiguiyah ; Saudi Arabia ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest ; gold mineralization ; Sudan ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue publishes the latest advances and developments concerning the modelling of flooding in urban areas and contributes to our scientific understanding of the flooding processes and the appropriate evaluation of flood impacts. This issue contains contributions of novel methodologies including flood forecasting methods, data acquisition techniques, experimental research in urban drainage systems and/or sustainable drainage systems, and new numerical and simulation approaches in nine papers with contributions from over forty authors.
    Keywords: machine learning ; flash flood ; GIS ; Iran ; decision trees ; ensemble techniques ; manhole flooding ; urban flooding ; grid-based modeling ; SWWM ; FIRM ; pollutant transport ; hydraulic structures ; urban drainage ; CFD ; dual drainage ; Iber ; SWMM ; hazard ; artificial neural network ; resilient backpropagation ; multistep urban flood forecast ; demographic change ; urbanization ; flooding ; drainage system ; vulnerability ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Antananarivo ; parameterised power-linear model ; hyper concentration ; dilute concentration ; suspended sediment transport ; flood ; sediment size parameter ; rouse number ; mean concentration ; flow depth ; urban flood modeling ; porosity ; shallow-water model ; urban flood management ; flood forecasting ; weather radar ; integrated hydraulic modeling ; and evacuation lead time ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Agricultural practices involving the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides pose major risks to the environment and to human health. The development and adoption of sustainable ecofriendly agricultural management to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agricultural Practices—Impact on Soil Quality and Plant Health” is a collection of 10 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and its positive impact on soil quality. The content of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including the use of beneficial soil microbes, intercropping, organic farming and its effects on soil bacteria and nutrient stocks, application of plant-based nematicides and zeolite amendments, sustainability in CH4 emissions, and the effect of irrigation, fertilization, and environmental conditions as well as land suitability on crop production.
    Keywords: natural substances ; nematicidal ; root-knot nematodes ; oregano ; soil amendments ; basic substances ; PCA ; land capability ; crop suitability ; GIS ; NWCE ; Egypt ; microbial inoculants ; soil enzyme activities ; soil microbes ; 16S rRNA ; planting pattern ; soil chemical properties ; soil microbial community ; genotype × environment interaction ; maize ; yield ; soil amelioration ; resource use efficiency ; water conservation ; nutrient retention ; heavy metal toxicity ; Cucumis melo L. ; chemical composition ; cultivar ; drip irrigation ; fruit quality ; long term field experiment ; sustainable crop production ; nutrient balances ; legume nutrition ; drained peat ; greenhouse gas ; global warming ; organic soil ; pineapple ; water table ; AMF ; enzyme activity ; microbial communities ; PGPR ; plant growth ; PLFAs ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Urbanization is a dominant driver of landscape transformation across the world, with cities representing centers of economic and socio-cultural development. Today, more than 4.2 billion people live in urban areas, which represent ~3% of the Earth’s land area. By 2050, it is predicted this number will increase to 6.6 billion people (~70% of the predicted global population). As the human population grows, cities around the globe will continue to expand, increasing the demand for food and services. Within cities, urban forests provide multiple nature-based solutions, as well as other environmental services and socio-economic benefits, such as heat mitigation and social integration. Urban forests are also important for coping with psychological stress during events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, urban forests are a priority for basic and applied forest research because they are intimately connected with people’s physical, cultural, and economic well-being in the urban environment, and can also be important reservoirs of biodiversity. To promote a better understanding of urban forests and landscape ecology, this book in “Urban Forests and Landscape Ecology” compiled research set in urban forests and focused on some spatially explicit processes. Studies presented in this book are highly interdisciplinary and use a wide range of research approaches. This book present nine scientific publications from global urban forests demonstrating that these forests, as a nature-based solution, provide multiple environmental services and are crucial to improve urban livability and thereby the wellbeing of city dwellers.
    Keywords: aesthetics ; causal effects ; crown form ; foliage form ; urban forests ; urban forest ; NATURA 2000 area ; soundscape ; birds ; biological diversity ; ecosystem disservices ; Mediterranean region ; green infrastructure ; urban forest types ; indicators ; microclimate ; human thermal comfort ; outdoor thermal environment ; public health ; ecological services ; urban green space ; remote sensing ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; residual structure ; attention mechanism ; n/a ; urban biodiversity ; urban habitat quality ; InVEST model ; land surface temperature ; Moran’s I ; Zhengzhou ; social media data ; spatiotemporal utilization ; Shanghai ; ecological function ; landscape structure ; GIS ; air pollution alleviation ; accumulation on leaves ; PM2.5 ; encapsulated particles ; urban trees ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems.
    Keywords: VFTO suppression ; GIS ; high-frequency inductance calculation ; damping busbar ; dynamic state estimation (DSE) ; synchronous machine ; ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) ; Sage–Husa algorithm ; grounding grid ; magnetic field ; orientation ; transient electromagnetic method (TEM) ; traction power-supply system ; protective relay ; digital simulator ; monitoring and controlling system ; railway ; transformer ; transmission line ; discrete wavelet transform ; mother wavelet ; fault classification ; multiprocessor system ; online non-clairvoyant scheduling ; weighted flow time ; potential analysis ; energy efficiency ; modular multilevel converter ; STATCOM ; optimization ; harmonics ; Harris Hawk’s optimization ; Atom search optimization ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; contamination ; insulators ; salt ; calibration curves ; PV water pumping ; high gain DC-DC converter ; modified LUO converter ; hybrid MPPT algorithm ; grey wolf optimizer ; cyber-physical security ; microgrid ; cyber-attacks ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Remote sensing plays a pivotal role in understanding where and how floods and glacier geohazards occur; their severity, causes and types; and the risk that they may pose to populations, activities and properties. By providing a spectrum of imaging capabilities, resolutions and temporal and spatial coverage, remote sensing data acquired from satellite, aerial and ground-based platforms provide key geo-information to characterize and model these processes. This book includes research papers on novel technologies (e.g., sensors, platforms), data (e.g., multi-spectral, radar, laser scanning, GPS, gravity) and analysis methods (e.g., change detection, offset tracking, structure from motion, 3D modeling, radar interferometry, automated classification, machine learning, spectral indices, probabilistic approaches) for flood and glacier imaging. Through target applications and case studies distributed globally, these articles contribute to the discussion on the current potential and limitations of remote sensing in this specialist research field, as well as the identification of trends and future perspectives.
    Keywords: glacier surge ; glacier collapse ; rock-slope instability ; hazard ; Landsat ; Sentinel 2 ; Tibet ; flood extent mapping ; supervised classification ; NDWI ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; web application ; synthetic aperture radar ; offset tracking ; displacements ; Sentinel-1 ; glacier monitoring ; flood mapping ; damage assessment ; SAR image ; Landsat-8 ; Google Earth Engine ; GEE ; Bangladesh ; SAR intensity time series ; urban flood mapping ; double bounce effect ; Hurricane Matthew ; flood ; FPI ; GRACE ; terrestrial water storage anomaly ; storage deficit ; mass balance ; snow depth ; glacier retreat ; surface DEM ; elevation change ; Sentinel ; Secchi disk ; chlorophyll a ; sediments ; phytoplankton ; floods ; remote sensing ; GIS ; disaster mapping ; Lower Chenab Plain ; laserscanning ; UAV—structure from Motion ; multi-spectral satellite data ; synthetic Aperture Radar ; glacier lake evolution ; glacier river ; slope processes ; rock fall ; cryosphere ; fusion ; inundation probability ; Hurricane Harvey ; ADCIRC ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.
    Keywords: drought ; precipitation ; SPI ; groundwater salinization ; karst ; seawater intrusion ; Soil and Water Assessment Tool ; SEAWAT model ; irrigation management ; groundwater ; climate change ; sea level rise ; nitrate ; leachate ; modelling ; validation ; state scale ; integrated water resources management ; coastal agricultural basin ; groundwater nitrate pollution ; hydrochemistry ; hydrodynamics ; environmental isotopes ; Tirnavos basin ; groundwater recharge ; groundwater sustainability ; hydrology models ; Modder River ; sustainability index ; GALDIT ; monthly vulnerability ; seawater intrusion (SWI) ; vulnerability assessment ; effective weight ; densely populated area ; freshwater–saltwater interactions ; multilayer coastal aquifer ; hydro-geochemistry ; Tevere River delta ; Ostia Antica archaeological park ; drinking and irrigation water scarcity ; groundwater potential mapping ; machine learning ; remote sensing ; GIS ; karstic mountainous aquifers ; Morocco ; hydrogeological properties ; natural groundwater fluctuations ; semi-arid zones ; depleting groundwater resources ; Guadalupe Valley Aquifer ; chromium ; ultramafic rocks ; springs ; water–rock interaction ; natural background levels ; aquifer ; intrinsic vulnerability ; RIVA method ; index-overlay method ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Currently, studies on land use in territorial planning are of interest, the purpose of which was previously to analyze the aptitude of each type of land for a specific use, based on its ability to assume impacts and the potential that the land may have had. The analysis of erosive risks constitutes a parameter to take into account in said management.The scientific community, given the enormous social interest in monitoring and controlling the environment, is developing methodologies that allow such control that is more efficient. One of the environmental factors to consider is the soil, which constitutes the support for life and is one of the basic natural elements, which is evident in the European Soil Charter, of the Council of Europe, which says, in its first point: “The soil is one of the most precious goods of Humanity. It allows the life of plants, animals and man on the surface of the Earth”. This European charter also highlights the scarcity and fragility of the edaphic resource, indicating that it must be protected through a greater effort in scientific research and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the rational use and conservation of soil.
    Keywords: agrarian ecosystem ; GIS ; geostatistics ; kriging ; soil mapping ; vegetation dynamics ; RUSLE ; sentinel-2 ; soil erosion ; wildfire ; land use ; landscape fragmentation ; remote sensing ; climate change ; erosion risk ; runoff ; A-DinSAR ; macrofungi ; field sampling ; fungal diversity ; Mediterranean forests ; Quercus ilex ; soil organic carbon ; soil erodibility ; terraced paddy field ; upland rice ; Thailand ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) ; Amaranthus caudatus L. (achita) ; Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen (cañihua) ; ethnobotany ; Andean grains ; food uses ; medicinal uses ; edaphic resilience and crops ; flood mapping ; Sentinel-2 ; spectral indices ; cluster analysis ; soil organic matter ; recovery ; post-fire management ; Quercus pubescens Willd. ; Juniperus communis L. ; natural radioactivity ; spatial distribution ; IDW ; prediction maps ; groundwater ; drinking water ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The landscape of healthcare is dynamic, gradually becoming more complicated with factors beyond simple supply and demand. Similar to the diversity of social, political and economic contexts, the practical utilization of healthcare resources also varies around the world. However, the spatial components of these contexts, along with aspects of supply and demand, can reveal a common theme among these factors. This book presents advancements in GIS applications that reveal the complexity of and solutions for a dynamic healthcare landscape.
    Keywords: GIS ; urban health ; health clusters ; kernel density ; hotspot analysis ; healthcare planning ; health geomatics ; public health ; emergency medical facilities ; traffic jam ; megacity ; network-based location-allocation model ; Beijing ; healthcare critical infrastructure ; geovisualization ; geographic information system ; colored petri net ; COVID-19 ; social media data ; sina weibo ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; automated external defibrillator ; public access defibrillation ; out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ; resuscitation ; risk mapping ; geographical accessibility ; local scale ; municipality ; healthcare services ; spatial planning ; decentralization ; usability assessment ; web GIS ; cancer ; service area ; geospatial health ; spatial disparities ; accessibility ; subway expansion ; public transport network ; cross-border cooperation ; geographic information systems ; Iberian borderland ; strategic planning ; sustainable planning ; disaster preparedness ; smart cities ; sustainable cities ; food desert ; regression analysis ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Honey bee pathogens are spread worldwide and are strongly related to the decline of honey bee populations, which has severe implications for beekeeping, honey production and ecology. Honey bee pathogens are continuously studied by researchers with the aim to better understand the host­–parasite relationship of these pathogens and the effects that they have on bee colonies. Honey bee pathogens include bacteria (i.e., Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae), microsporidia (i.e., Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), fungi (i.e., Ascosphaera apis), protozoa (i.e., Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae) and viruses (i.e., ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, KBV, DWV, BQCV and SBV). All of these pathogens are able to infect other bee species; infections would have important implications for their life cycles (e.g., Osmia sp. and Bombus sp.) or cause unknown epidemiological effects for other hymenopterans. In addition, old and new invasive pests (such as Varroa destructor, Aethina tumida, Vespa velutina, etc.) necessitate more studies to define their role as possible vectors or possible sources of infection for honey bees. For these reasons, knowledge on honey bee pathogens has become a matter of public interest and is connected with the critical role of honey bee health. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee pathogens, considering any aspect in relation to host–pathogen interaction and highlighting the possible interaction and spillover with other bee species and invasive pests, through a series of research articles that focus on different aspects of pathologies.
    Keywords: sacbrood virus ; sacbrood disease ; Apis cerana ; Apis mellifera ; microsporidia ; nosemosis control ; phytotherapy ; 16S rDNA gene ; honey bee ; small hive beetle ; invasive pest ; trypanosomatids ; honey bee virus ; deformed wing virus ; Kashmir bee virus ; replicative virus ; strand-specific RT-PCR ; 16S rRNA ; ITR2 ; NGS ; Nosema apis ; Nosema ceranae ; Nosema bombi ; Acarapis woodi ; Trypanosomatida ; Crithidia spp. ; neogregarines ; Apicystis spp. ; antropocene ; insectageddon ; urban area ; urban environment ; bee biology ; Varroa destructor ; treatment ; predictive model ; beekeeping ; decision-making tool ; Apis dorsata ; chito-oligosaccharide ; propolis ; Bombus spp. ; honeybee viruses ; black queen cell virus ; acute bee paralysis virus ; chronic bee paralysis virus ; genetic characterization ; sequencing ; transmission routes ; hypopharyngeal glands ; flight muscles ; honeybee immunity ; honeybee pathology ; bumblebees ; honeybees ; viruses ; Nosema spp. ; Crithidia bombi ; Apicystis bombi ; Lotmaria passim ; pathogens transmission ; honey bees ; acaricides ; pesticides ; toxic unit ; bee viruses ; tau-fluvalinate ; coumaphos ; bees ; population decline ; plant protection ; soil ; risk ; GIS ; spillover ; inter-species transmission ; honey bee diseases ; pathogens ; virus ; bacteria ; Nosema ; wild bees ; arthropods ; Hymenoptera ; nosemosis ; Vairimorpha ceranae ; nisin ; Saccharomyces sp. ; acetic acid ; para-coumaric acid ; gut microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Computational models provide intelligent environmental decision support systems to understand how human decisions are shaped by, and contribute to changes in, the environment. These models provide essential tools to tackle the important issues raised by climate change, including migrations and conflicts due to resource scarcity (e.g., water resources), while accounting for the necessity of co-managing ecosystems across a population of stakeholders with diverse goals. Such socio-environmental systems are characterized by their complexity, which is reflected by an abundance of open questions. This book explores several of these open questions, based on the contributions from over 50 authors. While several books account for methodological developments in modeling socio-environmental systems, our book is unique in combining case studies, methodological innovations, and a holistic approach to training the next generation of modelers. One chapter covers the ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues raised at the intersection of sustainability research and social simulation. In another chapter, we show that the benefits of simulations are not limited to managing complex eco-systems, as they can also serve an educational mission in teaching essential rules and thus improve systems thinking competencies in the broader population.
    Keywords: goal frames ; restoration decision-making rules ; restoration decision-making processes ; mixed qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis ; farmer stakeholders ; Central Malawi ; computer modeling ; human simulation ; social simulation ; sustainability ; development studies ; assemblage theory ; ontology ; epistemology ; ethics ; agent-based modeling ; housing markets ; Urban Shrinkage ; cities ; Detroit ; GIS ; agent-based model ; model development ; IoT sensors ; smart cities ; real-time data ; MARS ; simulation correction ; decision support systems ; urban planning ; multimodal travel ; human responses ; quantitative modeling ; water resources planning ; water availability ; water shortage ; drought ; Congo Basin ; Lake Chad ; climate change ; water ; migrations ; conflicts ; gender ; resilient development ; modeling ; hybrid modeling ; hybrid simulation ; usability ; high school education ; physics education ; user experience ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management.
    Keywords: multi-objective competition mechanism ; cascade reservoirs operation ; copula function ; Pareto set ; hydropower ; dam ; damage ; ecosystem ; conservation measures ; environmental assessment ; environmental flows ; GIS ; integrated water resources management ; river basin planning ; Ganga River ; India ; participatory modelling ; conjunctive water use ; hydrologic modelling ; co-production ; development assistance ; hydrological modelling ; irrigation ; IWRM ; rational choice ; stakeholder participation ; scenario analysis ; water governance ; transboundary waters ; cooperation ; integrated water resource management ; Brahmaputra River Basin ; South Asia ; SMAP ; passive microwave soil moisture ; soil moisture downscaling ; digital platforms ; stakeholder engagement ; equitable water sharing ; UN watercourse convention ; international and transboundary rivers ; Nile River basin ; disruptive technology ; river basins ; large basins ; water security ; water resources management ; water data ; information technology ; analytics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is becoming increasingly relevant in international and European policy frameworks. In March 2022, the fifth session of the United Nations Assembly for the Environment (UNEA-5) adopted a formal “Resolution on Nature-based Solutions NbS for Supporting Sustainable Development”, in which an agreed definition of NbS was given, recognizing their important role in the global response to climate change and its social, economic, and environmental effects. Forest ecosystems, including natural forests, managed forests, agroforestry systems, and urban and peri-urban forests, can be considered as multifunctional NbS, delivering key ecosystem services to people and supporting biodiversity. However, for the effective implementation and mainstreaming of forests as NbS, several research gaps still need to be addressed.This collection of papers presents relevant results from scientific researchers about the ecosystem services provided by forests in natural and urban contexts, encompassing not only providing services, but also regulation and maintenance services, such as carbon and air pollution sink, as well as recreational services. The impacts of environmental changes on forest multifunctionality and services provision are also investigated. Case studies for monetary valuation, willingness to pay for ecosystem services, and cost/benefit analyses are presented. The potential trade-offs and synergies between services, which might result from different stakeholders’ perspective and management strategies, are identified and critically discussed, adopting a science–policy interface approach.
    Keywords: climate change mitigation and adaptation ; air quality ; water quality ; recreation ; plant functional traits ; land-use planning ; forest management and restoration ; protected areas ; monetary valuation and accounting ; socio-economic benefits ; air purification ; deliberation ; forest ecosystems ; economic valuation ; social valuation ; crown conditions ; delayed mortality ; heat and drought waves ; long-term monitoring ; ICP Forests ; crown recovery ; economic value ; recreational services ; tourist satisfaction ; national forest parks ; ecosystem services ; national nature reserve ; spatiotemporal dynamics ; trade-off ; synergy ; human health ; human well-being ; urban sustainability ; green deal ; urban forests ; green roofs ; multifunctionality ; SOFRs ; FMI ; carbon sink ; efficiency ; GIS ; RS ; carbon neutrality ; air pollution removal ; carbon sequestration ; auction price ; payments for ecosystem services ; Xin’an River Basin ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is based on Special Issue "Artificial Intelligence Methods Applied to Urban Remote Sensing and GIS" from early 2020 to 2021. This book includes seven papers related to the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning algorithms using remote sensing and GIS techniques in urban areas.
    Keywords: groundwater potential ; specific capacity ; machine learning ; boosted tree ; ensemble models ; prototype selection ; river pollution ; supervised classification ; WSN ; probabilistic method ; Monte Carlo simulation ; physical slope model ; Mt. Umyeon landslides ; Seoul ; synthetic aperture radar ; land subsidence ; GIS ; time-series ; Jakarta ; land subsidence susceptibility mapping ; time-series InSAR ; StaMPS processing ; seismic vulnerability map ; DPM method ; Sentinel-1 ; seismic literacy ; neural networks ; urban vegetation ; urban open spaces ; Monterrey Metropolitan Area ; sustainable development ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; artificial intelligence ; remote sensing ; earth observation ; DInSAR ; change detection ; space data science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Rural areas have a very important role in society and the economy. They provide residence and employment and also serve as recreational sites, enabling visitors to enjoy unspoiled nature. Rural areas not only supply raw materials and products, but they also provide space for other functions. Spatial planning has a very important role in the process of rural space modeling. It is also important to study local and external conditions. A rural development framework can be proposed based on an evaluation of the observed phenomena. The following list provides some examples of topics of interest to ensure the consistency of the papers in this Special Issue: - Spatial planning;- Spatial order;- Institutional efficiency;- Spatial, financial, and environmental effects of planning studies;- The urbanization of rural areas;- Town–village relationships;- Social, cultural, economic, environmental, and spatial aspects of rural development. Dynamically growing new technologies (e.g., multi-criteria methods and GIS tools) are gaining popularity worldwide as tools for use in spatial analysis. This Special Issue focuses on the practice and theory of the application of modern technologies in rural space modeling and rural area development planning.The monograph includes papers on contemporary research directions on rural space modeling in areas such as spatial planning, spatial order, spatial–temporal analysis, land use change, environmental aspects, etc. The integration of different data, GIS tools and modeling can provide valuable support for rural space modeling and decision making.
    Keywords: rural areas ; sustainability ; geographic information systems ; data sources ; determinants of development ; spatial analysis ; land fragmentation ; land consolidation ; plot patchwork ; GIS ; algorithm ; participation ; engagement ; optimal degree ; land-use planning ; land-use plan ; land use ; land use change ; scenario ; carbon stock changes ; simulation ; forest ; producing land ; grassland ; land-use change ; forests ; spatial autocorrelation ; regression ; agri-environment-climate measures ; organic farming ; sustainable development ; typology ; CAP ; Poland ; village planning ; potential assessment ; village classification ; planning strategy ; rural development ; hunting grounds ; rural ; factor analysis ; underdeveloped regions ; European integration ; Serbia ; public space ; town square ; small towns ; spatial order ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In 2020, a Special Issue titled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched, in which 16 papers were published. The aim of this monograph was to study a problem that is occurring on a global scale and, above all, in the most developed countries, which is the population emigration from rural areas to urban areas due to the labour and service opportunities offered by the latter. This is causing a demographic deterioration of rural areas, and those that remain show high rates of ageing, masculinisation, or low demographic growth. In addition, and interrelated with this demographic deterioration, there is economic and environmental degradation. Rural areas are territories with increasingly lower purchasing power, job opportunities, and services for the population, which are classified as “spaces in crisis”. The papers in this Special Issue evidence the many public and private strategies that are being pursued to achieve sustainable rural development in declining areas. The diversity of approaches offer a vision of the practical application and the obstacles or difficulties that many of them are having to achieve their objectives. All of these strategies are intended to achieve economic dynamism that is respectful of the environment and from there to be able to reduce the regressive demographic processes in rural areas. These are different approaches that allow us to contribute, from scientific, holistic, and multidisciplinary knowledge, and they can help decision making in public policy and planning strategies.
    Keywords: industrial land ; price ; geographically weighted regression model ; driving factors ; rural land system reform pilot ; land lease market ; decision making ; forest market factors ; rural land rights ; China ; hunting tourism ; natural protected area ; sustainable development ; land use change ; analyze ; Shortandy district ; smart villages ; EU instruments ; rural decline ; rural areas ; information and communication technologies ; rural residential construction ; rainwater harvesting ; solar ; spray foam ; finger-jointed studs ; Proder Program ; management system ; economic diversification ; bottom-up approach ; regional identity ; territorial heritage ; rural areas in decline ; rural enhancement ; top-down approach ; collaborative governance ; low-density populated areas ; sustainable urban growth ; technological era ; complex spatial models ; land-use planning ; sustainable rural development ; regional composite indicators ; vulnerability ; ecosystem services ; goal programming ; analytic hierarchy process ; data envelopment analysis ; Spain ; accessibility ; GIS ; partnerships ; population ; rural territory ; territorial planning ; neo-endogenous rural development ; LEADER approach ; classification and types of rural areas ; good practices ; rural depopulation and aging ; young and female entrepreneurs ; entrepreneurship ; funded and unfunded projects ; Andalusia ; rural landscape ; intensive agriculture ; landscape transformation ; socioeconomic and environmental impacts ; agroecological production ; public institutions ; rurality ; fishing tourism ; European fishing funds ; Galicia (Spain) ; local action group ; rural development ; industrial district ; local productive system ; rural district ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Considering the importance of the challenges for sustainable development, this Book is intended to disseminate the results of cutting-edge research and broadcast the opinions of scientists from around the world, providing technological breakthroughs in green energy and urbanism, recycling and modernization of basic industries, conducting fundamental research on the economic problems of the transition to sustainable development.
    Keywords: polyvinyl butyral ; solar panels ; environment ; standard of living ; renewable energy ; linear ordering ; canonical analysis ; sustainable development ; determinants of sustainable development ; regional operational programmes ; European Union funds ; solar energy ; solar oven ; concentrating ; CFD analysis ; environmental potential ; development potential ; social potential ; municipal development indicators ; Wałbrzych region ; efficiency ; operational safety ; gravity ; ventilation ; natural ventilation ; productivity of sources ; environmental goals ; energy efficiency ; circular economy ; waste economy ; productivity of energy sources ; waste treatment ; Slovakia ; solar flat plate liquid collector ; non-metallic ; energy cluster ; GIS ; affordable and clean energy ; multiple regression ; planned obsolescence ; classification trees ; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) ; slack-based model (SBM) ; undesirable output ; three-stage DEA ; influencing factors ; sustainable city ; climate change ; Seawater Steam Engine ; renewable energy sources ; drinking water ; heating and cooling ; electricity ; powered roof support ; hydraulic leg ; hydraulic system ; work automation ; tests under real conditions ; integrated energy planning ; near-zero carbon emission ; near-zero carbon emission demonstration district ; urban district planning methods ; energy consumption ; information gap ; Industry 4.0 ; IT project ; Green I ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: A Smart City is the perfect environment to study and exploit the interactions between actors because its architecture already integrates vaious elements to collect data and connect to its citizens. Furthermore, the proliferation of web platforms (e.g., social media and web fora) and the increased affordability of sensors and IoT devices (e.g., smart meters) make data related to a large and diverse set of users accessible, as their activities in the digital world reflect their real-life actions. These new technologies can be of great use for the stakeholders as, on the one hand, they provide them with semantically rich inputs and frequent updates at a relatively cheap cost and, on the other, form a direct channel of communication with the citizens. To fully exploit these new data sources, we need both novel computational methods (e.g., AI, data mining algorithms, knowledge representation) that are suitable for analyzing and understanding the dynamics behind energy consumption and also a deeper understanding of how these methods can be integrated into the existing design and decision processes (e.g., human-in-the-loop processes).Therefore, this Special Issue welcomed original multidisciplinary research works about AI, data science methods, and their integration in existing design/decision-making processes in the domain of energy consumption in Smart Cities.
    Keywords: building energy flexibility ; HOMER software ; peak clipping ; load shifting ; energy saving ; building performance assessment ; indoor environment quality ; occupants’ satisfaction ; post-occupancy evaluation ; Green Building Index ; tropical climate ; building performance simulation ; CO2 emission ; occupant’s comfort ; window allocation ; climate change ; energy consumption ; building energy load ; thermal load ; future weather ; operative temperature ; cooling load ; daily energy need ; solar gains ; nZEB ; historical buildings ; TRNSYS ; buildings retrofitting ; buildings office ; economic feasibility ; Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) ; Zero Energy District (ZED) ; Digital Twin (DT) ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; Revit software’s ; asymmetric duty cycle control ; bifilar coil ; pulse duty cycle control ; induction heating ; metal melting ; phase shift control ; pulse density modulation ; series resonant inverter ; variable frequency control ; building operation and maintenance ; extended reality ; virtual reality ; augmented reality ; mixed reality ; immersive technologies ; digital twins ; metaverse ; positive energy district ; district energy infrastructure ; decarbonisation of neighbourhoods ; GIS ; energy transition ; smart city policy ; carbon emission intensity ; digital transformation ; green innovation ; difference-in-differences ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Since their creation eight years ago, the EERA Joint Programmes and their participating institutions have accumulated important knowledge on specific topics of the programmes they carried out. This includes Smart Cities and Positive Energy Districts, which are not only crucial topics tackled by EERA Joint Programme in the Smart Cities Workplan, but also in H2020 as well as Horizon Europe or national calls, focusing on innovative solutions based on interdisciplinary approaches, which are needed to face the highly complex challenges in coming years, from sustainable urban development to emergencies in cities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The foreword of EERA JP in SC Special Issue 1|2018 highlighted the aim of the Special Issues series, which was, and still is, to support the growth of research networks in the EC framework. According to this, our ambition is to publish the most promising research and innovation projects which EERA JPonSC partners, and others, set up in the framework of H2020 Programme, to drive the attention to the fact that EERA JP on SC is one of the strong voices in research in Europe, capable of highlighting and integrating different solutions and points of view.
    Keywords: positive energy districts labs ; testing facilities ; factsheets ; statistical studies ; electric buses ; greenhouse gas emissions ; low carbon energy public transport ; public transport ; sustainable development ; Polish city ; smart city ; renewable energy ; distributed generation ; urban policy ; Poland ; governance ; energy flexibility ; positive energy districts ; sustainable energy ; smart city deployment ; behaviour change ; carbon footprint: citizen motivation ; sustainability ; energy modelling ; building thermal performance ; refurbishment potential ; multivariable evaluation ; GIS ; TRNSYS ; centralized energy systems ; district heating systems ; energy demand in buildings ; distributed energy sources ; photovoltaic systems ; Positive Energy District (PED) ; PED Booklet ; SET-Plan ; positive energy district ; climate-neutral cities ; 15-minute city ; downsizing district ; doughnuts ; post-COVID-19 scenario for RD&amp ; I funding ; Positive Energy District ; sustainable urban areas ; transition ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book brings together a total of six papers in an interdisciplinary way at the border of natural disasters and cultural heritage. There is a need for studying and documenting cultural heritage in Arctic landscapes, as these are the most affected by climate change. Remote sensing represents a powerful tool in the monitoring, management and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List should receive more attention from both geoscientists and social scientists. Urbanization has a short- and long-lasting effect on the conservation of cultural heritage.
    Keywords: cultural heritage ; frequency ratio ; AUC ; predictive modelling ; GIS ; Kvamme’s Gain ; north-eastern Romania ; coastal erosion ; shoreline ; monitoring ; geomorphological mapping ; Svalbard ; DSAS ; high Arctic ; muqarnas ; Alhambra ; graphic analysis ; drawings ; 3D laser scanner ; historical images ; UNESCO ; Spain ; erosion ; Beothuk ; GRASS ; photogrammetry ; UAV ; Newfoundland ; remote sensing ; Earth observation ; satellite imagery ; multi-temporal analysis ; urban heat island ; persistent scatterer interferometry ; long-term monitoring ; cultural heritage assessment ; Alba Iulia (Apulum) ; LiDAR ; satellite image ; aerial image ; High North ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume collects papers dealing with the integrated study of emerged and submerged areas, by means of different approaches and techniques. It shows the reasons why the integration of terrestrial and marine datasets would be desirable in geoenvironmental studies, and demonstrates how such an integration is unquestionably beneficial in modern research, ranging from Late Quaternary landscape evolution to geohazards, geomorphological mapping, geoarchaeology, geoheritage and geodiversity, and marine benthic habitat mapping.
    Keywords: coastal landscape evolution ; Roman harbours ; archaeological sea level marker ; cultural heritage documentation ; unmanned surface vessel ; remote sensing of acoustic and optical data ; 3D photogrammetric point cloud ; water resources ; geodiversity assessment ; geosystem services ; geoheritage ; hydro-geodiversity ; Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark ; underwater geoheritage ; geosites ; geomorphological survey ; geotourism ; Portofino Park ; Italy ; rocky coast ; extreme waves ; active erosion ; geohazard ; Croatia ; morphostratigraphy ; sea-level changes ; marine terraces ; river incisions ; Adriatic Sea ; coastal geomorphology ; submarine geomorphology ; cliffs ; Cilento ; southern Italy ; geomorphometry ; seafloor mapping ; spatial analysis ; algal reefs ; bioconstruction volume ; multibeam bathymetry ; sound velocity ; Quaternary sediment ; submerged alluvial plain ; coastal morphodynamics ; climate change ; vulnerability index ; Gozo ; Malta ; terrestrial geomorphology ; white ribbon ; paleo-geography ; coastal management ; eastern Adriatic coast ; estuary ; sea-level rise ; tufa ; multi-beam ; sub-bottom profiler ; holocene ; Last Glacial Maximum ; Sardinia ; Sumatra ; barrier island ; earthquake ; tsunami ; land subsidence ; liquefaction ; morphology resilience ; GIS ; sea level oscillation ; Tyrrhenian margin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change discusses the issues of the impact of climate change factors (abiotic and biotic) on vegetation. This book also deals with simulation modeling approaches to understanding the long-term effects of different environmental factors on vegetation. This book is a valuable resource for the environmental science research community, including those interested in assessing climate change impacts on vegetation and researchers working on simulation modeling.
    Keywords: climate change impacts ; sugarcane ; yield ; harvested area ; production ; Thai agriculture ; rice ; heat stress ; whole genome DNA microarray ; yield loss ; MapMan analysis ; HRDE ; anthesis and maturity date ; crop yield ; SimCLIM ; DSSAT model ; planting date ; basal area increment ; air temperature ; precipitation ; Taylor’s power law ; tree ring analysis ; climate change ; farm work ; WBGT ; mitigation ; East Africa ; leaf temperature ; infrared thermography ; thermal imagery ; tropical rain forest ; isoprenoid exchanges ; ground ; litter emissions ; soil ; Pinus pinea ; distance gradient ; Mediterranean turf ; agro-ecosystems ; biodiversity ; weed communities ; Ethiopia highlands ; seasonal climate ; crop impacts ; bananas ; Black Sigatoka Leaf Disease ; climate ; global spread &amp ; impact ; habitat suitability ; species distribution ; conservation ; P. africana ; actual evapotranspiration ; modified Penman–Monteith ; sap flow ; scaling methods ; allometric correlations ; sapwood depth ; sapwood area ; leaf area index ; species distribution model ; scenarios ; GIS ; ecological niche ; grapevine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book focuses on the use of GIScience in conjunction with historical visual sources to resolve past scenarios. The themes, knowledge gained and methodologies conducted might be of interest to a variety of scholars from the social science and humanities disciplines.
    Keywords: land use/land cover (LULC) ; landscapes ; historical maps ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; agriculture ; vineyards ; olive groves ; Ein Karem ; Bethlehem ; Hebron ; urban geomorphology ; anthropogenic landforms ; old maps ; contour lines ; Genoa ; historical GIS ; HGIS ; GIS tools ; fishnet ; grid ; urban morphology ; Inoh’s map ; coastlines ; terrain ; land use ; uncertainty ; visibility ; topographic accessibility ; Central Europe ; information system ; Vltava River ; geolocation ; photographs ; historical visual sources ; graph embeddings ; geospatial descriptors ; indexing and retrieval of historical data ; GIS ; carbon balance ; rural landscape ; total environment ; historical geography ; GIScience ; visual sources ; spatial approaches ; cartography ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publishing the results, among others.
    Keywords: geographic information system (GIS) ; pocket beaches ; coastal management ; Interreg ; climate change ; remote sensing ; drone ; Sicily ; Malta ; Gozo ; Comino ; systematic literature review ; anomaly intrusion detection ; deep learning ; IoT ; resource constraint ; IDS ; evapotranspiration ; penman-monteith equation ; artificial neural network ; canopy conductance ; Ziz basin ; water quality ; satellite image analysis ; modeling approach ; nitrate ; dissolved oxygen ; chlorophyll a ; time series analysis ; environmental monitoring ; water extraction ; modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) ; machine learning algorithm ; hyperspectral ; proximal sensing ; panicle initiation ; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ; green ring ; internode-elongation ; Sentinel 1 and 2 ; Copernicus Sentinels ; crop classification ; food security ; agricultural monitoring ; data analysis ; SAR ; random forest ; 3D bale wrapping method ; equal bale dimensions ; mathematical model ; minimal film consumption ; optimal bale dimensions ; round bales ; Sentinel-2 ; SVM ; RF ; Boufakrane River watershed ; irrigation requirements ; water resources ; sustainable land use ; agriculture ; invasive plants ; precision agriculture ; rice farming ; site-specific weed management ; nitrogen prediction ; 1D convolution neural networks ; cucumber ; crop yield improvement ; mango leaf ; CCA ; vein pattern ; leaf disease ; cubic SVM ; chlorophyll-a concentration ; transfer learning ; overfitting ; data augmentation ; guava disease ; plant disease detection ; crops diseases ; entropy ; features fusion ; machine learning ; object-based classification ; density estimation ; histogram ; land use ; crop fields ; soil tillage ; data fusion ; multispectral ; sensor ; probe ; temperature profile ; forest roads ; simulation ; autonomous robots ; smart agriculture ; environmental protection ; photogrammetry ; path planning ; internet of things ; modeling ; convolutional neural networks ; machine vision ; computer vision ; modular robot ; selective spraying ; vision-based crop and weed detection ; Faster R-CNN ; YOLOv5 ; band selection ; CNN ; NDVI ; hyperspectral imaging ; crops ; urban flood ; Sentinel-1a ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; 3D Convolutional Neural Network ; multi-temporal data ; land use classification ; GIS ; Coatzacoalcos ; algorithms ; clustering ; pest control ; site-specific ; virtual pests ; rice plant ; weed ; hyperspectral imagery ; sustainable agriculture ; green technologies ; Internet of Things ; natural resources ; sustainable environment ; IoT ecosystem ; hyperspectral remoting sensing ; crop mapping ; image classification ; deep transfer learning ; hyperparameter optimization ; metaheuristic ; soil attribute ; ordinary Kriging ; rational sampling numbers ; spatial heterogeneity ; sampling ; soil pH ; spatial variation ; ordinary kriging ; Land Use/Land Cover ; LISS-III ; Landsat ; Vision Transformer ; Bidirectional long-short term memory ; Google Earth Engine ; Explainable Artificial Intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This book attempts to provide a platform for researchers, policy makers, and engineers to share their latest thoughts and findings on groundwater quality and public health, as well as novel methods dealing with groundwater pollution. The chapters published in this book include the latest research results by world-renowned researchers, whose findings can benefit researchers, engineers, policy makers, and government officials in future groundwater quality research and policy making.
    Keywords: water quality index ; health risk assessment ; Tongchuan city ; Loess Plateau ; high-As groundwater ; shallow groundwater ; geological environment ; geochemistry ; correlation ; Hetao Basin ; geostatistics ; GIS ; heavy metal pollution ; groundwater ; UAE ; water environment ; human health risk ; spatial distribution ; Chinese Loess Plateau ; strontium-rich groundwater ; hydrochemical characteristics ; formation mechanisms ; hydrogeochemistry ; water quality ; drinking water ; WASH ; waterborne diseases ; One Health ; Guinea-Bissau ; sub-Saharan Africa ; groundwater quality ; water chemistry characteristics ; multivariate statistical analysis ; PHREEQC ; typical mountain front tilted plain ; Monte Carlo model (crystal ball software) ; visual minteq ; yinchuan ; nano zero-valent iron ; biochar ; nitrate removal ; nitrogen gas ; disjointed type ; hyporheic zone ; mercury ; migration and transformation ; gold mining area ; ecological risks ; endorheic basin ; hydrochemistry ; isotope technique ; integration ; nitrate ; groundwater pollution ; contamination remediation ; one health ; public health ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The "Creating Age-friendly Communities: Housing and Technology" publication presents contemporary, innovative, and insightful narratives, debates, and frameworks based on an international collection of papers from scholars spanning the fields of gerontology, social sciences, architecture, computer science, and gerontechnology. This extensive collection of papers aims to move the narrative and debates forward in this interdisciplinary field of age-friendly cities and communities.
    Keywords: physical environment/space ; nursing homes ; small-scale living ; green care farms ; engagement ; social interaction ; long-term care facilities ; older adults ; gerontechnology ; dementia-friendly environments ; aids and adaptations ; loneliness ; domestic settings ; ICT ; Age in Place ; Disability ; Smart Technology ; Intergenerational Relationships ; Connected Health ; smart health ; older people ; co-design ; digital life-world ; smart cities ; retirement community ; privacy ; research ethics ; artificial intelligence ; robots ; living alone ; older immigrants ; Canada ; U.S. ; older age-friendly housing ; dementia ; technology ; perspectives ; informal caregivers ; formal caregivers ; rural ageing ; qualitative research methods ; intergenerational ; social connectedness ; community networks ; cardiology ; wearable devices ; community care ; primary care ; clinical care ; scoping review ; meaningful activities ; transition ; nursing home ; citizen science ; built environment ; urban neighbourhoods ; GIS ; spatial ; Australia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The purpose of this book is to provide novel results related to soil water erosion that could help landowners and land-users, farmers, politicians, and other representatives of our global society to protect and, if possible, improve the quality and quantity of our precious soil resources. Published papers on the topics are related to new ways of mapping, maps with more detailed input data, maps about areas that have never been mapped before, sediment yield estimations, modelling sheets and gully erosion, USLE models, RUSLE models, dams which stop sediment runoff, sediment influx, solute transport, soil detachment capacities, badland morphology, freeze-thaw cycles, armed conflicts, use of rainfall simulators, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, etc.
    Keywords: gully head-cuts ; machine learning modeling ; soil erosion ; Iran ; R-factor ; USLE ; rainfall intensity ; modeling ; radar climatology ; RADKLIM ; rain gauge ; sediment flux ; total soil loss ; watershed characteristics ; PCA analysis ; RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) ; WaTEM/SEDEM ; Czech Republic ; residential areas ; loess ; meltwater flow ; runoff and sediment yield ; hydraulic parameter ; comparability ; infiltration ; rainfall simulation ; runoff ; RUSLE ; land cover change ; armed conflict ; Northern Al-Kabeer river Syria ; freeze-thaw cycles ; loamy soil ; soil property ; soil detachment capacity ; Loess Plateau ; badlands ; morphological changes ; land use change ; Emilia Apennines (Northern Italy) ; multiple-tracer experiments ; precipitation amounts ; preferential flow ; solute transport ; protection forest ; irrigation ; sediment ; overland flow ; soil loss ; watershed ; sediment connectivity ; connection mode ; connection degree ; land management ; gully geometry ; dynamic erosion model ; stable gully ; area–slope approach ; field measurement ; water erosion model ; event scale ; sediment yield ; Chenab river ; remote sensing ; GIS ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publication of the results, among others.
    Keywords: geographic information system (GIS) ; pocket beaches ; coastal management ; Interreg ; climate change ; remote sensing ; drone ; Sicily ; Malta ; Gozo ; Comino ; systematic literature review ; anomaly intrusion detection ; deep learning ; IoT ; resource constraint ; IDS ; evapotranspiration ; penman-monteith equation ; artificial neural network ; canopy conductance ; Ziz basin ; water quality ; satellite image analysis ; modeling approach ; nitrate ; dissolved oxygen ; chlorophyll a ; time series analysis ; environmental monitoring ; water extraction ; modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) ; machine learning algorithm ; hyperspectral ; proximal sensing ; panicle initiation ; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ; green ring ; internode-elongation ; Sentinel 1 and 2 ; Copernicus Sentinels ; crop classification ; food security ; agricultural monitoring ; data analysis ; SAR ; random forest ; 3D bale wrapping method ; equal bale dimensions ; mathematical model ; minimal film consumption ; optimal bale dimensions ; round bales ; Sentinel-2 ; SVM ; RF ; Boufakrane River watershed ; irrigation requirements ; water resources ; sustainable land use ; agriculture ; invasive plants ; precision agriculture ; rice farming ; site-specific weed management ; nitrogen prediction ; 1D convolution neural networks ; cucumber ; crop yield improvement ; mango leaf ; CCA ; vein pattern ; leaf disease ; cubic SVM ; chlorophyll-a concentration ; transfer learning ; overfitting ; data augmentation ; guava disease ; plant disease detection ; crops diseases ; entropy ; features fusion ; machine learning ; object-based classification ; density estimation ; histogram ; land use ; crop fields ; soil tillage ; data fusion ; multispectral ; sensor ; probe ; temperature profile ; forest roads ; simulation ; autonomous robots ; smart agriculture ; environmental protection ; photogrammetry ; path planning ; internet of things ; modeling ; convolutional neural networks ; machine vision ; computer vision ; modular robot ; selective spraying ; vision-based crop and weed detection ; Faster R-CNN ; YOLOv5 ; band selection ; CNN ; NDVI ; hyperspectral imaging ; crops ; urban flood ; Sentinel-1a ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; 3D Convolutional Neural Network ; multi-temporal data ; land use classification ; GIS ; Coatzacoalcos ; algorithms ; clustering ; pest control ; site-specific ; virtual pests ; rice plant ; weed ; hyperspectral imagery ; sustainable agriculture ; green technologies ; Internet of Things ; natural resources ; sustainable environment ; IoT ecosystem ; hyperspectral remoting sensing ; crop mapping ; image classification ; deep transfer learning ; hyperparameter optimization ; metaheuristic ; soil attribute ; ordinary Kriging ; rational sampling numbers ; spatial heterogeneity ; sampling ; soil pH ; spatial variation ; ordinary kriging ; Land Use/Land Cover ; LISS-III ; Landsat ; Vision Transformer ; Bidirectional long-short term memory ; Google Earth Engine ; Explainable Artificial Intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book aims at providing the state-of-the-art on all of the aforementioned tools in different energy applications and at different scales, i.e., urban, regional, national, and even continental for renewable scenarios planning and policy making.
    Keywords: distributed photovoltaic power stations ; remote sensing images ; convolutional neural network ; multi-layer features ; edge ; spatial energy planning ; site-selection process ; participatory planning ; onshore wind farms ; photovoltaic farms ; GIS ; AHP ; Borda Count ; TOPSIS ; Israel ; land use ; life cycle thinking and photovoltaic system ; photovoltaic solar potential ; calibration ; validation ; ArcGIS solar radiation ; Netherlands ; solar panel ; deep learning ; semantic segmentation ; small-hydro ; tuxtlas mountains ; Grid ; SWAT ; MSA ; marine renewable energy ; wind climate ; wind power assessment ; wind energy capacity factor ; scatterometer ; Thracian Sea ; power system ; wind power production ; SCADA data ; fuzzy GMDH neural network ; grey wolf optimization ; district heat network ; thermal energy modelling ; heat map ; university campus ; Ireland ; GIS energy mapping ; building heat demand and generation ; heat balance ; pollutant emission ; traffic mobility ; COVID-19 ; sustainable transportation ; paired sample t-test ; tides ; tidal current ; tidal velocity ; barrages ; channels ; bathymetry ; flow rate ; site analysis ; coastal resources ; total solar irradiation ; GIS analysis ; mathematical model ; grid map design ; statistical analysis ; sustainable urban planning ; solar irradiation ; renewable energy assessment ; solar harvesting surface ; urban energy tools ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Landslides are among the most widespread and frequent natural hazards. Landsliding is linked to the combination of geological, geomorphological, and climatic factors in response to trigger mechanisms, mostly represented by heavy rainfall events, seismicity, or human action. Landslides directly and indirectly impact a territory, causing fatalities and huge socio-economic losses. Consequently, to avoid serious consequences and support sustainable territorial planning, there is a clear need of correct land use policies and best practices for long-term risk mitigation and reduction. In this context, geomorphological field activities, satellite remote sensing, landslide susceptibility mapping, and innovative GIS analysis offer effective support for mapping and monitoring landslides’ activity at both the local and regional scales. All landslide types are considered, from rockfalls to debris flows, from slow-moving slides to very rapid rock avalanches. Contributions to this Special Issue report key advances in landslide susceptibility mapping, environmental risk management in mass movement-prone areas, and landslide analysis in different geomorphological/morphostructural environments. Each article describes a distinct methodological approach to accurately investigate landslide phenomena and assess slope stability. Each article provides a scientific basis useful for the implementation of land planning, civil protection activities, and mitigation measures in different geological–geomorphological frameworks.
    Keywords: Kenya ; landslide susceptibility ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; triangular fuzzy numbers ; GIS ; interaction matrix ; heuristic ; susceptibility ; inventory ; Greece ; historical landslides ; multitemporal analysis ; geomorphological mapping ; GIS analysis ; piedmont area ; Abruzzo Region ; landslide ; hydromechanical modeling ; early-warning ; slope stability ; rainfall-induced landslides ; local factor of safety ; SoilNet ; geophysical characterization ; water content distribution ; bedrock topography ; large-scale landslides ; DSGSDs ; normal faults and overthrusts ; Sibillini Mts. ; Central Apennines ; Italy ; risk ; soil sealing ; landslides ; factor of safety ; numerical models ; Hoek–Brown method ; monoclinal setting ; hybrid modeling ; Geographical Detector ; information value ; machine learning ; Kerala ; hazard ; hydroseeding ; slope ; vegetation ; AHP ; snow avalanche ; mass movements-prone areas ; hazard assessment ; climate extremization ; environmental risk ; Gran Sasso Massif ; morphotectonic ; morphostratigraphy ; DGSDs ; river capture ; fluvial terraces ; Sardinia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Remotely sensed data from either air- or spaceborne platforms are often leveraged for archaeological or more general cultural heritage goals. However, despite the steady developments in remote sensing technology over the past three decades, the thoughtful integration of data sources and methods into theoretically aware archaeological practice remains relatively underdeveloped. This volume contains nine contributions which, each in their way, address different theoretical dislocations and practical shortcomings in the use of remote sensing products within archaeological practice. These contributions provide the reader with food for thought on these challenges, and so contribute to archaeological remote sensing as a more mature interdisciplinary field characterised by explicit, thoughtful, and theoretically engaged approaches to understanding the past.
    Keywords: relief mapping ; visualization ; blend modes ; digital elevation model ; airborne laser scanning ; lidar ; archaeological prospection ; deep learning ; citizen science ; The Netherlands ; archaeology ; arid environments ; satellite remote sensing ; lithological mapping ; lithic procurement ; chert sourcing ; Landsat 8 ; GIS ; ALS ; amplitude ; radiometric calibration ; reflectance ; Sicily ; transfer learning ; historic mining ; heritage management ; LiDAR ; hyperspectral data ; submerged areas ; cultural heritage monitoring ; anomaly detection ; MNF ; radiative transfer model ; Martin Heidegger ; technology ; mimesis ; remote sensing archaeology ; cultural context ; archaeological remote sensing ; satellite mission design ; satellite archaeology ; archaeological survey ; cropmarks ; empirical knowledge ; alluvial sediments ; geomorphological/pedological background ; soil spatial infrastructure ; statistical methods ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This Special Issue is the third and final volume in a trilogy of collective peer-reviewed works of the Unlocking Sacred Landscapes research network. It encompasses various approaches both to ritual space and to artefacts relating to ritual practice and cults involving islandscapes (including landscapes and seascapes). The terms ritual and cult are used broadly to include sanctuaries, temples, and churches, as well as the domestic and funerary spheres of life. Although the main focus of the Special Issue is the Mediterranean region, studies related to other regions are included to stimulate wider methodological dialogues and comparative approaches. The time span ranges from prehistory to the recent past, and research includes ethnography and cultural heritage studies. The contributions of the issue deal with historical and culturally driven perspectives that recognise the complexities of island religious systems as well as the active role of the islanders in constructing their own religious identities, irrespective of emulation and acculturation. The authors consider inter-island and island/mainland relations, maritime connectivity of things and people, and ideological values in relation to religious change, as well as the relation between island space and environment in the performance and maintenance of spiritual lives.
    Keywords: multi-confessionalism ; popular religion ; sacred trees ; snakes ; insularity ; connectivity ; hierotopy ; Cyprus ; Late Bronze Age ; ritual ; commemoration ; burials ; mortuary practice ; sacred space ; Late Antiquity ; economy ; sacred topography ; churches ; landscape archaeology ; Early Byzantine ; historical archaeology ; memorialisation ; Island Archaeology ; GIS ; material culture ; Ikaros/Failaka ; Hellenistic East ; Seleucids ; late Middle Ages ; pilgrimage ; map of Cyprus ; medieval cartography ; history of navigation ; maritime shrine ; mixed shrines ; maritime routes ; midwives ; Eileithyia ; Minoan peak sanctuaries ; Bronze Age medicine ; gender studies ; Sardinia ; sacred landscapes ; maritime identities ; community identities ; rural churches ; historical contingency ; Ottoman era ; Cyclades islands ; Aegean Sea ; club house ; Malta ; Mediterranean ; island societies ; islandscapes ; ritual and cult ; visual and material culture ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: One of the highest priorities for human societies in the 21st century, under the challenges of predicted great environmental changes, is to conserve all kinds of biodiversity across the planet. Among all the biota that exist on Earth, forest ecosystems demonstrate a high degree of biodiversity, being thought to comprise the most diverse ecosystems, as most of the terrestrial species in the world dwell in these ecosystems. Forest biodiversity is interlinked to a web of socio-economic factors, providing an array of goods and services that range from timber and non-timber forest resources to mitigating climate change and conservation of genetic resources; therefore, it is innately linked to ecosystems and human well-being. However, in recent decades, the decrease in forest biodiversity has been a crucial and ongoing environmental issue that needs special attention and adapted ecosystem management. This Special Issue book on forest biodiversity (FB) includes a selected number of research works from all over the world dealing with emerging issues, for understanding FB and its needs for conservation, ecological processes, disturbances, climate change and ecosystems resilience, structural complexity and ecosystem functions, ecological theories and silvicultural practices, and ecosystems stability. More specifically, it includes papers focused on the indicators and methods for assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity, evaluation of practices, planting and silvicultural treatments, and management and monitoring methods, with an overall goal to provide new insights on forest biodiversity conservation, conservation of forest biodiversity in protected areas, treatments of endangered or threatened forest habitats, and sustainable management of forest resources.
    Keywords: forest land change ; land change patterns ; Civilian Control Zone ; DMZ ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; forest management ; structural equation modeling (SEM) ; factor analysis ; Ecological resilience ; fire disturbance ; forest landscape ; The Great Xing’an Mountains ; LANDIS ; Bornean tropical rain forests ; ecosystem services enhancement ; forest certification ; forest intactness ; Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) ; reduced-impact logging ; remote sensing ; sustainable forest management ; tree-community composition ; arid-hot valley ; vegetation ; environmental factors ; reservoir region ; Brazilian Atlantic Forest ; ecosystem conservation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rio Canoas State Park ; spatial analysis ; 1961–1990 normal period ; spatial interpolation ; geostatistics ; ecological mathematics ; endangered plant ; ex situ conservation ; plant reintroduction ; seed germination ; seedling propagation ; afforestation ; birch stands ; carbon stock ; dehydrogenase activity ; Aichi Biodiversity Targets ; biodiversity conservation ; dry deciduous forest ; human well-being ; Madagascar ; Paris Climate Agreement ; Sustainable Development Goals ; small forest landowner ; sclerophyllous forest ; multivariate analysis ; AHP ; Delphi Method ; GIS ; MCDA ; Sustainable Development ; Wetlands ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Ecological protection and high-quality development in the basin of the Yellow River, known as China’s “Mother River” and “the cradle of Chinese civilization”, have been receiving increasing attention because of the important role they play in China’s economic and social development, and its cultural heritage. Under ongoing climate change and intense human activities, the Yellow River basin is facing crucial challenges, e.g., flooding, water security, water resource shortage, water pollution, and ecological environment degradation, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the regional economy and society. Meanwhile, significant differences in key characteristics across the upper, middle, and lower reaches call for joint management efforts, including integrated management, water conservancy, and ecological environment restoration. This Special Issue focusses on the current state, challenges, and suggestions relating to Yellow River basin management and sustainable development under pressure, aiming to help improve ecological protection and achieve high-quality development. The following topics, including the management, restoration and protection of the Yellow River basin, and harmonious regulation of the human–water relationship were systematically studied.
    Keywords: Gini coefficient ; fairness principle ; double-level ; water-saving potential ; Weihe River basin ; Budyko framework ; runoff changes ; climate change ; underlying surface parameters ; human activities ; Yellow River ; cultivated land ; Object-Oriented Feature Extraction ; wheat ; corn ; water use level ; SBM-DEA model ; window-DEA model ; economic and social development ; matching degree ; yellow river basin ; water–energy–food ; harmony equilibrium ; harmonious regulation ; the Yellow River ; bank collapse ; sediment transportation ; numerical simulation ; curved channel ; cohesive ; cross-sectional shape ; asymmetry ; water and sediment factor ; transverse distribution ; wandering river channel ; Wuliangsuhai Lake ; ecological water demand ; ecological water supplement ; ecological function ; heavy metals ; sediment interstitial water ; sediment ; chemical fraction ; ecological risk ; water quality characteristics ; cause ; groundwater ; middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River ; water rights allocation ; coordinated development ; water–ecology–energy–food ; emergy method ; Yinchuan city ; return period ; Pearson-III distribution ; “7.20” rainstorm ; Yiluo River basin ; Xiaohua section ; soil erosion ; influencing factors ; RUSLE ; the optimal parameters-based geographical detector ; scale effects ; the Yellow River Basin ; Sanhe region ; early sites ; spatial and temporal distribution ; human-territorial relationship ; GIS ; high-quality development ; environmental regulation ; local government competition ; panel threshold regression model ; Yellow River basin ; the ancient Yellow River distributary ; early settlements ; aggregation characteristics ; Zhengzhou ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Geological Heritage has very diverse elements, both for its intrinsic nature and for its social and scientific significance. These elements have a scientific dimension (stratigraphic, geomorphological, lithological, paleontological, etc.) and a landscape dimension, both with implications for territorial management. In territorial management and planning, it is essential to carry out inventory and cataloging of places of natural and social interest to establish a comprehensive policy. The identification and valuation of the geological and biological heritage, and their interaction in the landscape should favor the conservation and preservation of this natural and historical heritage. Sustainable development implies rational use that prevents the degradation or loss of these unique environments of the natural environment as well as a dissemination and awareness of landscape resources for a better understanding and enjoyment, integrating activities of both environmental education and nature tourism.The diversity of a territory is the result of the complex and continuous interaction of the geological substrate (geotopical) and biological factors that model the existing ecological and evolutionary processes at the level of genes, species, ecosystems, and landscapes and that are expressed in a characteristic representation of organisms adapted to these factors. These vary according to the spatial dimensions and the temporal scales considered, in a wide range, that goes from the geological processes that involve millions of years and vast territories to the casuistic biotic, and anthropic events that can occur in an instant in any territorial sector.
    Keywords: quaternary landscape ; geomorphological analysis ; depositional-erosional terraces ; incision-displacement rates ; Tormes River ; landscape ; landscape quality ; landscape fragility, need of protection ; landscape diagnosis ; GIS ; environmental assessment ; petrified forest ; sustainable development ; geodiversity ; biodiversity ; Puyango ; geopark ; fluvial terraces ; chronology ; Yeltes river ; Duero basin (Spain) ; geomorphological map ; Appalachian landscape ; neotectonic ; drainage network ; superimposition-antecedence ; fungal indicators ; conservation ; dehesas ; MW Spain ; Corridor Designer ; MaxEnt ; species distribution models ; ecological corridors ; armed conflict ; Colombia ; conservation and development ; fertility ; human biodemography ; infant mortality ; local populations ; population structure ; protected areas ; socio-economic effects ; ecological niche dynamics ; reciprocal niche models ; biological invasions ; Batuecan lizard ; connectivity ; endangered species ; graph theory ; Iberolacerta martinezricai ; mountain lizard ; network analysis ; Ramsar Site ; types of wetlands ; priority habitats ; cultural values ; sensitivity ; vulnerability ; threatened species ; hydrophyte plants ; species’ rear edges ; climatic change ; CENFA ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue (SI) discusses the topic of Disaster Risk Management and its cornerstones: vulnerability reduction and resilience building. The focus of the SI is the impact of risk information, communication and representation, risk knowledge as related to science and practice, risk perception and awareness, and risk culture on multi-faceted vulnerability and several aspects of resilience.
    Keywords: disaster risk ; vulnerability ; monitoring ; risk assessment ; disaster management ; UN-ISDR ; SDGs ; telluric risks ; climate-related risks ; risk awareness ; risk management ; volcanic islands ; alternative action organizations ; environmental activism ; solidarity ; Europe ; crisis ; sustainability ; alternative consumerism ; alternative lifestyles ; action organization analysis ; exposure ; systemic vulnerability ; risk-sensitive spatial development ; multi-risk ; seismic crisis ; seismic emergency information and communication ; uncertainty ; risk perception ; governance culture ; Greece ; Japan ; seismic risk management ; disaster risk awareness ; migrants ; disaster preparedness ; earthquake ; flood ; Italy ; Turkey ; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ; AHP ; GIS ; flood-hazard ; Megalo Rema ; Eastern Attica ; elderly ; pandemic ; corpus-assisted discourse studies ; media coverage ; compromise ; disaster risk reduction (DRR) ; motor of change ; setting priorities ; strategic focus ; teleology ; fire prevention ; fire statistics ; forest fires ; public participation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), together with robotics, sensors, sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), and machine/deep learning modeling, has reached the forefront of research activities, moving towards the goal of increasing the efficiency in a multitude of applications and purposes related to environmental sciences. The development and deployment of AI tools requires specific considerations, approaches, and methodologies for their effective and accurate applications. This Special Issue focused on the applications of AI to environmental systems related to hazard assessment in urban, agriculture, and forestry areas.
    Keywords: machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; random forests ; water network pollution ; sensor networks ; parallel computing ; heat stress ; animal welfare ; climate change ; automation ; smoke taint ; remote sensing ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; volatile phenols ; electronic nose ; wine sensory ; smart village ; smart agriculture ; climate-smart agriculture ; technology ; sustainability ; skin temperature ; artificial intelligence ; heart rate ; respiration rate ; GIS ; Markov chain ; land use ; urban information ; Tabriz City ; water distribution networks ; water network contamination ; random forest ; neural network ; urban tree management ; tree monitoring ; computer vision ; tree water stress index ; leaf area index ; volatile compounds ; photosynthesis modeling ; plant water status modeling ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques.
    Keywords: AGB estimation and mapping ; mangroves ; UAV LiDAR ; WorldView-2 ; terrestrial laser scanning ; above-ground biomass ; nondestructive method ; DBH ; bark roughness ; Landsat dataset ; forest AGC estimation ; random forest ; spatiotemporal evolution ; aboveground biomass ; variable selection ; forest type ; machine learning ; subtropical forests ; Landsat 8 OLI ; seasonal images ; stepwise regression ; map quality ; subtropical forest ; urban vegetation ; biomass estimation ; Sentinel-2A ; Xuzhou ; forest biomass estimation ; forest inventory data ; multisource remote sensing ; biomass density ; ecosystem services ; trade-off ; synergy ; multiple ES interactions ; valley basin ; norway spruce ; LiDAR ; allometric equation ; individual tree detection ; tree height ; diameter at breast height ; GEOMON ; ALOS-2 L band SAR ; Sentinel-1 C band SAR ; Sentinel-2 MSI ; ALOS DSM ; stand volume ; support vector machine for regression ; ordinary kriging ; forest succession ; leaf area index ; plant area index ; machine learning algorithms ; forest growing stock volume ; SPOT6 imagery ; Pinus massoniana plantations ; sentinel 2 ; landsat ; remote sensing ; GIS ; shrubs biomass ; bioenergy ; vegetation indices ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.
    Keywords: permeable asphalt ; heavy metal ; leaching behavior ; MSWI-BAA ; stormwater ; low impact development ; sustainable urban drainage systems ; stormwater modelling ; urban development ; GIS ; SAW ; decision-making ; strategic planning ; spatial analysis ; stormwater quality ; fecal coliforms ; Vancouver Island ; nearshore areas ; bacteria loading ; multinomial logistic regression ; periodicity analysis ; land use impacts ; climate impacts ; green roof ; energy performance ; heat island effect ; bio-retention ; green infrastructure ; runoff control performance ; storm inlet hydraulics ; flow distribution hydraulics ; climate change ; urbanization ; urban runoff ; Toronto ; Montreal ; Vancouver ; flooding ; geospatial modeling ; groundwater level ; trends ; non-stationarity ; climate variability ; land use/land cover change ; developing cities ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The great potential of remote sensing technologies for operational use in sustainable forest management is addressed in this book, which is the reprint of papers published in the Remote Sensing Special Issue “Operationalization of Remote Sensing Solutions for Sustainable Forest Management”. The studies come from three continents and cover multiple remote sensing systems (including terrestrial mobile laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, airborne laser scanning, and satellite data acquisition) and a diversity of data processing algorithms, with a focus on machine learning approaches. The focus of the studies ranges from identification and characterization of individual trees to deriving national- or even continental-level forest attributes and maps. There are studies carefully describing exercises on the case study level, and there are also studies introducing new methodologies for transdisciplinary remote sensing applications. Even though most of the authors look forward to continuing their research, nearly all studies introduced are ready for operational use or have already been implemented in practical forestry.
    Keywords: forest road inventory ; total station ; global navigation satellite system ; point cloud ; precision density ; positional accuracy ; efficiency ; mangrove sustainability ; deforestation depletion ; anthropogenic ; natural water balance ; Southeast Asia ; Phoracantha spp. ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; multispectral imagery ; vegetation index ; thresholding analysis ; Large Scale Mean-Shift Segmentation (LSMS) ; Random Forest (RF) ; forest mask ; validation ; probability sampling ; remote sensing ; earth observations ; forestry ; accuracy assessment ; forest classification ; forested catchment ; hydrological modeling ; SWAT model ; DEM ; airborne laser scanning ; deep learning ; Landsat ; national forest inventory ; stand volume ; bark beetle ; Ips typographus L. ; pest ; change detection ; forest damage ; spruce ; Sentinel-2 ; damage mapping ; multi-temporal regression ; mangrove ; replanting ; restoration ; analytic hierarchy process ; UAV ; DJI drone ; machine learning ; forest canopy ; canopy gaps ; canopy openings percentage ; satellite indices ; Elastic Net ; beech–fir forests ; pixel-based supervised classification ; random forest ; support vector machine ; gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; WorldView-3 ; wildfires ; MaxENT ; risk modeling ; GIS ; multi-scale analysis ; Yakutia ; Artic ; Siberia ; phenology modelling ; forest disturbance ; forest monitoring ; bark beetle infestation ; forest management ; time series analysis ; satellite imagery ; landsat time series ; growing stock volume ; forest inventory ; harmonic regression ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Landslides are destructive processes causing casualties and damage worldwide. The majority of the landslides are triggered by intense and/or prolonged rainfall. Therefore, the prediction of the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides is an important scientific and social issue. To mitigate the risk posed by rainfall-induced landslides, landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be built and applied at different scales as effective non-structural mitigation measures. Usually, the core of a LEWS is constituted of a mathematical model that predicts landslide occurrence in the monitored areas. In recent decades, rainfall thresholds have become a widespread and well established technique for the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, and for the setting up of prototype or operational LEWS. A rainfall threshold expresses, with a mathematic law, the rainfall amount that, when reached or exceeded, is likely to trigger one or more landslides. Rainfall thresholds can be defined with relatively few parameters and are very straightforward to operate, because their application within LEWS is usually based only on the comparison of monitored and/or forecasted rainfall. This Special Issue collects contributions on the recent research advances or well-documented applications of rainfall thresholds, as well as other innovative methods for landslide prediction and early warning. Contributions regarding the description of a LEWS or single components of LEWS (e.g., monitoring approaches, forecasting models, communication strategies, and emergency management) are also welcome.
    Keywords: loess landslide ; DAN-W ; numerical simulation ; dynamic analysis ; rainfall thresholds ; Bhutan ; shallow landslides ; landslides ; Idukki ; early warning system ; landslide hazard ; antecedent rainfall threshold ; landslide susceptibility ; satellite-derived rainfall ; TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 (TMPA) ; tropical Africa ; rainfall ; thresholds ; physicallybased model ; hydrological monitoring ; soil water index ; large-scale landslide ; SWI–D threshold ; shallow landslide ; temporal probability ; landslide and debris flow ; China ; quantile regression ; Wayanad ; early warning ; GIS ; rainfall intensity ; optimization ; rainfall thresholds calculation ; mean annual rainfall ; lithology ; Slovenia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities.
    Keywords: LST ; urban-rural gradient ; sub-Saharan region ; Addis Ababa ; Ethiopia ; cellular automata ; spatial layout ; transportation infrastructure ; LUCC ; spatial patterns ; spatial differences ; DMSP-OLS ; China ; India ; landscape pattern ; industrial rural area ; rural landscape ; landscape ecology ; southern Jiangsu ; land use and cover ; land surface temperature ; built-up land ; agricultural land ; gradient analysis ; Nuwara Eliya ; Sri Lanka ; urban public space ; environment ; check-in data ; social media platform ; point of interest ; urbanization ; GIS ; urban development zones ; urban sustainability ; regression analysis ; GWR ; fragmentation ; non-agricultural conversion of rural land ; urban green space ; RSEI ; remote sensing ; ecological status ; dynamic motoring ; Pingtan Island ; urban land expansion ; spatial pattern ; driving forces ; Pearl River Delta ; urban agglomeration ; urban heat island ; impervious surface area ; biophysical composition index ; coastal city ; Xiamen ; surface urban heat island ; MODIS ; land cover ; habitat quality ; spatiotemporal analysis ; Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration ; urban planning ; LULC change ; transition matrix ; systematic transition ; Blantyre city ; life quality index (LQI) ; Kandy city ; AHP ; MCDM ; COVID-19 pandemic ; environmental quality ; PM10 concentration ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book makes the case for why we should care about islands and their sustainability. Islands are hotspots of biocultural diversity and home to 600 million people that depend on one-sixth of the earth’s total area, including the surrounding oceans, for their subsistence. Today, they are at the frontlines of climate change and face an existential crisis. Islands are, however, potential “hubs of innovation” that are uniquely positioned to be leaders in sustainability and climate action. This volume argues that a full-fledged program on “island industrial ecology” is urgently needed, with the aim of offering policy-relevant insights and strategies to sustain small islands in an era of global environmental change. The nine contributions in this volume cover a wide range of applications of socio-metabolic research, from flow accounts to stock analysis and their relationship to services in space and time. They offer insights into how reconfiguring patterns of resource use will allow island governments to build resilience and adapt to the challenges of climate change.
    Keywords: plastics ; Trinidad and Tobago ; institutional ; metabolism ; waste management ; islands ; public-private partnerships ; social metabolism ; island metabolism ; quiet sustainability ; Faroe Islands ; landesque capital ; historical political ecology ; overgrazing ; soil erosion ; rural abandonment ; sedentary extensive livestock systems ; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) ; socio-ecological systems ; material flow analysis (MFA) ; mixed methods approach ; material stock analysis ; demolition of buildings ; GIS ; climate change ; global warming ; island sociometabolic regime ; transdisciplinary research ; real-world learning lab for sustainability transition ; livestock herding, subsidies and overgrazing ; tourism infrastructure ; UNESCO Biosphere Reserves ; MFA ; nexus approach ; industrial waste ; metabolic profile ; holarchy ; holon ; industrial ecology ; material flow analysis ; hurricane Irma ; territorial metabolism ; island waste management ; post-disaster stock and flow evolution ; Antigua and Barbuda ; tourism ; small island developing states (SIDS) ; island sustainability ; resource use and efficiency ; construction materials ; geographical information systems (GIS) ; island industrial ecology ; socio-metabolic research ; metabolic risk ; socio-metabolic collapse ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This Special Issue “Power System Simulation, Control and Optimization” offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments in these topics. The analysis, operation, and control of power systems are increasingly complex tasks that require advanced simulation models to analyze and control the effects of transformations concerning electricity grids today: Massive integration of renewable energies, progressive implementation of electric vehicles, development of intelligent networks, and progressive evolution of the applications of artificial intelligence.
    Keywords: subhourly modeling ; stochastic unit commitment ; cosimulation method ; sensitivity analysis ; power system dynamic performance ; cooling system ; dynamic programming ; metal-air battery ; receding horizon control ; state variables ; uninterruptible power supply ; power flow computation ; high performance computing (HPC) ; parallelism ; parallel computation ; LU decomposition ; security-constrained optimal power flow ; chance-constrained optimization ; probability of contingency ; renewable energy source ; flexible AC transmission systems ; tabu search ; multi-objective ; power systems ; impartial and open dispatching ; economy ; Gini coefficient ; generation scheduling ; mixed integer quadratic programming ; flexible loads ; market clearing ; safety checking ; interior point method ; electric safety ; induction motor ; fan ; overcurrent protection ; aggregation ; ancillary services ; distributed energy resources ; optimization ; power system operation ; automatic generation control (AGC) ; frequency control ; dynamic deadband ; energy management system (EMS) ; governor response ; voltage collapse ; voltage control ; transformer controller ; adaptive algorithm ; voltage regulation ; distribution system ; power distribution network ; distributed generation ; OLTC ; solar radiation modeling ; GIS ; interpolation ; digital elevation model ; data mining ; ANFIS ; multistrand cable lines ; ampacity ; skin and proximity effects ; symmetry ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Remote sensing and GIS play critical roles in water resource and flood inundation mapping and risk management. Remote sensing provides data sources for mapping water resources (snow and glaciers, water bodies, soil moisture and groundwater), measuring hydrological fluxes (ET, precipitation and river discharge), and monitoring drought and flooding inundation, while GIS provides the best tools for water resources, drought and flooding risk management and for setting up hydrologic models, inputting data processing and output analyses and visualizations. This Special Issue Book presents the best practices, cutting-edge technologies and applications of remote sensing, GIS and hydrologic models for water resources mapping, satellite rainfall measurements, runoff simulation, water body and flood inundation mapping and risk management. The latest technologies applied include 3D model analysis and visualization of glaciers, UAV video image classification for turf grass mapping and irrigation planning, ground penetration radar for soil moisture estimates, TRMM and GPM satellite rainfall measurements, storm hyetograph analysis, rainfall runoff and urban flooding simulation, satellite radar and optical image classification for urban water bodies and flooding inundation. The application of these technologies is expected to greatly relieve the pressures on water resources and assist in better mitigating and adapting to the impact of drought and flooding.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; GIS ; Groundwater ; Rainfall Measurements ; Design Storm ; Water Body ; Runoff Simulation ; Remote Sensing ; Glaciers ; Flooding ; Soil Moisture ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Landscapes have long been viewed as ‘multifunctional’, integrating ecological, economic, sociocultural, historical, and aesthetic dimensions. Landscape science and public awareness in Europe have been progressing in leaps and bounds. The challenges involved in landscape-related issues and fields, however, are multiple and refer to landscape stewardship and protection, as well as to the development of comprehensive theoretical and methodological approaches, in tandem with public sensitization and participatory governance and in coordination with appropriate top-down planning and policy instruments. Landscape-scale approaches are fundamental to the understanding of past and present cultural evolution, and are now considered to be an appropriate spatial framework for the analysis of sustainability. Methods and tools of landscape analysis and intervention have also gone a long way since their early development in Europe and the United States. Although significant progress has been made, there remain many issues which are understudied or not investigated at all—at least in a Mediterranean context. This Special Issue addresses the application of landscape theory and practice in the Eastern Mediterranean and mainly, but not exclusively, reports on the outcomes of an international conference held in Jordan, in December 2015, with the title “Landscapes of Eastern Mediterranean: Challenges, Opportunities, Prospects and Accomplishments”. The focus of this Special Issue, landscapes of the Eastern Mediterranean region, thus constitutes a timely area of research interest, not only because these landscapes have so far been understudied, but also as a rich site of strikingly variegated, long-standing multicultural human–environmental interactions. These interactions, resting on and taking shape through millennia of continuity in tradition, have been striving to adapt to technological advances, while currently juggling with manifold and multilayered socioeconomic and climate–environmental crises.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; landscape archaeology ; Cyprus ; Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Land Description Units ; stakeholders’ analysis ; UK ; local authority ; ancient sanctuaries ; East Med landscape ; Twain-born Border Lord ; Landscape Decision Support System ; mapping ; topography ; Byzantine landscape and garden art ; economy ; LCA ; classification ; churches ; Arabic-speaking ; participatory ; Landscape Risk Assessment Model ; landforms ; GIS ; planning ; typology ; Greek-speaking ; public realm ; landscape changes ; sacred space ; comparative study ; urban environment ; ideology ; political power ; Arabic landscape and garden art ; cultural sustainability ; historical maps ; religion ; rural land ; multi-functional landscapes ; Lebanon ; Mediterranean ; geographical information system ; spatial distributions ; Land Description Unit (LDU) ; political sustainability ; landscape ; landscape character assessment ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Satellite Earth observation (EO) data have already exceeded the petabyte scale and are increasingly freely and openly available from different data providers. This poses a number of issues in terms of volume (e.g., data volumes have increased 10
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; knowledge base ; metadata ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; versioning ; web services ; web application ; sustainable development goals ; earth observations ; FAIR principles ; land cover classification ; semantic enrichment ; satellite imagery ; imagery ; analysis ; information extraction ; ARD ; analysis ready data ; swiss DC ; data cube ; Open Data Cube ; UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ; time-series ; graph data ; Digital Earth Australia ; query store ; open data cube ; pyroSAR ; R ; earth oberservation ; image cube ; sentinel ; open science ; Sentinel ; reproducibility ; change ; big EO data ; earth observation ; big Earth data ; Earth Observations ; Australia ; geospatial standards ; big earth data ; visualization ; UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting ; interferometric coherence ; dynamic data citation ; intelligent semantic agents ; data curation ; snow cover ; big data ; Analysis Ready Data ; climate change ; topology based map algebra ; data provenance ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; interoperability ; image data cube ; optical remote sensing ; dual-polarimetric decomposition ; GIS ; Gran Paradiso National Park ; data sharing ; SAR ; map algebra ; Earth observation ; Armenian DC ; data cubes ; Data Cube ; data discovery ; Earth observation data ; persistent identifier ; Landsat ; GRASS GIS ; subset ; landsat ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The overall energy sector calls for a transformation from a fossil-based system to a low-carbon one. At a technology level, significant efforts have been made to provide energy solutions that contribute to a sustainable energy system. However, the actual suitability of these solutions is often not checked. In this sense, the assessment of energy systems from a life-cycle perspective is of paramount importance when it comes to effectively planning the energy sector. While environmental issues are commonly addressed through the use of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social aspects of energy systems often remains ignored or underdeveloped. This book consists of a set of scientific works addressing the analysis of energy systems from a (life-cycle) technical, economic, environmental and/or social standpoint. Case studies at and beyond the technology level are included, some of them involving a combination of life cycle and non-life cycle approaches for the thorough evaluation of energy systems under the umbrella of sustainability.
    Keywords: zinc (Zn) ; electrowinning (EW) ; activated Carbons (ACs) ; adsorbate ; liquid phase space velocity (LHSV) ; temperature ; bioeconomy ; life cycle assessment ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; sustainability ; thermal energy ; wood ; LCC optimization ; building energy simulation ; energy system optimization ; energy renovation ; historic building district ; district heating system ; biobutanol ; clean combustion ; Scilab simulations ; SimaPro ; CO2 emission ; fuel production management ; environmental impact ; non-edible resources for biofuel production ; GIS ; concentrated solar power ; solar thermochemistry ; life-cycle costs ; cost supply ; geographical potential ; sustainable ; alternative ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Acquiring knowledge is a life-long process; we constantly need to keep abreast of developments and progress in science and other disciplines. Embracing a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) means practicing constant self-reflection, involving evaluation of the academic career and the ways in which strategies are designed to examine, interpret, and share learning about teaching. This practice not only yields benefits to the lecturer but also enriches the scholarly community in the discipline. In general, SoTL is regarded as a vibrant practice of ongoing self-criticism and sharing, which results in accumulated teaching experiences for teachers, students, and the teaching community at large. This book is a contribution from authors sharing their experiences, how their teaching portfolios reflect their personal development as teachers, and how their teaching experiences are embedded in the scholarship of teaching and learning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; high school ; education ; active methodology ; spatial visualization ; improving classroom teaching ; faculty ; evaluation ; feedback ; curriculum development ; active learning ; outcomes ; learning activity ; critical pedagogy ; module ; engineering ; sustainability ; teaching/learning strategies ; PDF-3D ; self-reflection ; GIS ; crystal system ; chemical education ; systems engineering ; survey ; satellite data ; engineering education research ; viscometer ; anti-deficit approach ; ternary phase diagrams ; engineering education ; service-learning ; design ; CDIO ; professionalization ; re-thinking the teaching ; didactic virtual resources ; open source software ; didactic virtual tools ; reverse engineering ; underrepresented minorities ; critical theoretical frameworks ; pass rate ; hidden curriculum ; role-play ; simulations ; STEM ; Green Engineering ; inductive methods ; moderation ; mixed-methods ; project-based learning ; learning tool ; spatial abilities ; engineering curriculum ; Bravais lattices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies.
    Keywords: cultural heritage ; shoreline dynamics ; GIS ; UAV ; Palaeolithic ; Volga ; European Russia ; XBeach ; inundation ; erosion ; BSS ; Sant Esteve 2008 ; coarse sediment ; D50 ; sieving ; sand size ; sand parameters ; coastal dynamics ; aesthetic appeal ; Baltic Sea ; coastal dunes ; Curonian Spit ; Delphi technique ; paired comparison survey ; psychophysical approach ; Jakarta Bay ; sea level rise ; river discharge ; flooding ; tides ; currents ; beach ridges ; mathematical reconstruction ; curve fitting ; Ombrone River Delta ; coastline ; cliff and bluff retreat ; erosion rate ; uncertainty ; sea-level rise ; adaptive management ; Alicante ; beach nourishment ; CIEL*a*b* ; coastal management ; Costa Blanca ; mineralogical characterization ; sediment colour ; tourism ; western Mediterranean ; EOF ; beach profiles ; reef flat ; sand rich ; accretion ; mangrove ; coastal dynamic ; salinization ; Rhizophora mangle ; Avicennia germinans ; Laguncularia racemosa ; wave energy ; Hurricane Katia ; longshore transport ; dissipative ; tsunami propagation ; tsunami flooding ; sicilian coast ; coastal hazard ; dune characterization ; anthropic occupation ; fragmentation index ; dune surface ; coastal landscape evolution ; geomorphological analysis ; palaeo-shore platform ; relative sea-level changes ; sea-level proxy ; vertical ground movements ; campi flegrei volcanic area ; coastal landscapes ; coastal evolution assessment ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.
    Keywords: QC851-999 ; Q1-390 ; emissivity ; mobile temperature observations ; urban heat island ; urban vegetation ; urban overheating ; spectral analysis ; Beirut ; urban heat island index ; land surface temperature ; ENVI-met ; air quality ; albedo ; climatic perception ; overheating ; urbanization ; road surface ; “cold spots” ; Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) ; urban remote sensing ; local climate zone ; cooling technologies ; Weather Research and Forecasting model ; cool surfaces ; outdoor thermal comfort ; energy savings ; air temperature ; measurement ; urbanized WRF ; mitigation measures ; Euramet ; heat health ; surface cool island effect ; urban-climate archipelago ; sky view factor ; urban climate archipelago ; open science ; cool roofs ; urban energy balance ; road lighting ; urban climatology ; material characterization ; urban climate ; thermal comfort ; air and surface temperature measurements ; cool pavements ; multi-objective optimization ; empirical line method ; calculation ; urban cooling ; multifractal analysis ; urban heat mitigation ; genetic algorithm ; heat stress ; “hot spots” ; subtropical climate ; EMPIR 16NRM02 ; building energy performance ; multiple linear regression ; built-up area ; thermal emittance ; urban morphology ; cost-optimal analysis ; building retrofit ; sustainability ; mitigation strategies ; luminance coefficient ; office buildings ; GIS ; structure functions analysis ; solar reflectance ; park cool island ; solar reflectance index ; urban open space ; building scale ; meteorological modeling ; shading ; surface albedo ; summer heat stress ; cool materials ; land cover fraction ; micro-climate simulations ; energy simulation ; urban microclimate ; urban development ; Physiologically Equivalent Temperature ; cool facades ; green area ; ageing ; MODIS downscaling ; spectral reflectance ; fine-resolution meteorological modeling ; urban areas ; morphological indicator ; lifecycle analysis ; non-constructible parcels ; WRF-Chem ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Current efforts to limit the ravages of schistosomiasis are pushing the world closer to eliminating a chronic infection that has been associated with human life in the tropics since time immemorial. This notwithstanding, the disease remains a scourge for large populations in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, and the main part of this book is made up by papers dealing with its current distribution, discussing ways and means to establish and implement improved control approaches. While chemotherapy limits the symptoms caused by schistosomiasis, the number of infected people will not decrease until the parasite's life cycle is interrupted. To that end, some papers focus on the intermediate snail host, which is notoriously difficult to control, while others discuss human hygiene and sanitation. The latter approach not only prevents infection through avoiding people being infected from the snail, but more importantly, also stops people infecting the snail by leaving contagious feces and urine in nature. With morbidity reduced by chemotherapy, the immediate target now is the interruption of transmission to be achieved by new tools, such as the novel chemotherapies, improved diagnostics (for humans, animals, and snails), and vaccines discussed in several of the papers. As made clear in this book, a complex infection requires new tools as well as work on many fronts, above all; however, a clear idea is needed as to how to skillfully combine the tools available and sustain implemented control activities.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC109-216 ; n/a ; Cambodia ; schistosomiasis elimination ; chemotherapy ; Côte d’Ivoire ; systems thinking ; Schistosomiasis mansoni ; control and elimination ; neglected tropical diseases ; drug discovery ; systems epidemiology ; guidelines ; schistosomiasis ; Central Africa ; goals ; mapping ; Africa ; cattle ; zoonosis ; systematic non-compliance ; Lao PDR ; Sm14 ; POC-CCA ; planorbidae ; complexity ; distribution ; remote-sensing ; Neotricula aperta ; sanitation ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Schistosomiasis ; international space station ; Mayuge ; elimination ; spatio-temporal epidemiology ; goats ; FABP ; artemether ; interdisciplinarity ; praziquantel ; soil-transmitted-helminthiasis ; Caribbean ; health education ; snail ; Schistosoma haematobium ; snail resistance ; 28S ribosomal DNA ; WIPO Re:Search ; intermediate snail host ; Schistosoma malayensis ; Gabon ; transmission ; soil-transmitted helminths ; combination therapy ; S. mansoni ; climate change ; domestic animals ; Schistosoma mansoni ; diagnosis ; Schistosoma japonicum ; leishmaniasis ; modelling ; public-private partnerships ; GIS ; ECOSTRESS ; young adults ; Oncomelania hupensis ; PCR ; Bulinus truncatus ; gene drive ; worldview ; S. japonicum zoonosis ; coverage rate ; phylogeography ; cross-sector collaboration ; epidemiology ; preventive chemotherapy ; MDA coverage ; China ; operational research ; transmission control ; satellite ; high-sensitivity diagnostics ; loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) ; sheep ; polymerase chain reaction ; BIO Ventures for Global Health ; bovines ; Kato-Katz ; vaccine development ; treatment-opportunities ; Philippines ; buffalo ; Schistosoma mekongi ; control ; Schistosoma ; vector control ; vaccine ; parasite ; Asia ; transgenic snail ; snail control ; DNA ; capacity-building ; Uganda ; pooled samples ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The concept of ‘sustainable urban development’ has been pushed to the forefront of policymaking and politics as the world wakes up to the impacts of climate change and the destructive effects of the Anthropocene. Climate change has emerged to be one of the biggest challenges faced by our planet today, threatening both built and natural systems with long-term consequences, which may be irreversible. While there is a vast body of literature on sustainability and sustainable urban development, there is currently limited focus on how to cohesively bring together the vital issues of the planning, development, and management of sustainable cities. Moreover, it has been widely stated that current practices and lifestyles cannot continue if we are to leave a healthy living planet to not only the next generation, but also to the generations beyond. The current global school strikes for climate action (known as Fridays for Future) evidences this. The book advocates the view that the focus needs to rest on ways in which our cities and industries can become green enough to avoid urban ecocide. This book fills a gap in the literature by bringing together issues related to the planning, development, and management of cities and focusing on a triple-bottom-line approach to sustainability.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; neighborhood sustainability assessment index ; urban ecology ; sustainable urban ecosystems ; DEFRA ; urban land development ; stakeholder ; sustainable transportation ; GDP ; bottom-up ; carbon ; neighbourhood ; humidity ; customer value ; technology roadmapping (TRM) ; Istanbul ; SDM ; fire caution effect ; low carbon cities ; megacity ; frames ; heavy-duty vehicles ; noise pollution ; green innovation ; low carbon economy ; demand ; practitioner perceptions ; visioning ; ecosystem approach ; urban resilience ; anthropogenic impact ; Germany ; Ipoh ; natural environmental impact ; sustainable urban development ; civic engagement ; Wujin ; ecological landscape management ; sustainable regional development ; urban forest ; mixed land-use ; spatial decision support systems ; heat island mitigation ; public participation ; innovation ; urban transport ; sustainability assessment ; urban fire ; urban forestry ; United Kingdom ; water supply ; time-series forecasting ; low-frequency noise ; PIs (performance indicators) ; environmental threshold ; built environment sector ; ARIMA ; driving forces-pressure-state-impact-policy and pattern (DPSIP) ; open innovation (OI) ; eco-cities ; indicator ; regional stakeholder involvement ; green economy ; land use mixture ; Malaysia ; Gap analysis ; urban planning ; sustainability index ; sustainability indicators ; perception ; water asset management ; medium-sized cities ; LOS (level of service) ; wood fuel ; the fire assimilation effect ; energy consumption ; Satoyama Index ; framing processes ; land cover ; green infrastructure ; cities ; tree ; neighborhood sustainability ; sustainable city ; sustainability ; precision farming (PF) ; sustainable development ; GIS ; smart cities ; local new town ; fire inertia effect ; co-design ; City Biodiversity Index ; knowledge management ; scaling-up strategy ; process-function ecology ; neoliberal capitalism ; sustainability literacy ; China ; urban development ; co-production ; urban metabolism ; emissions ; sustainable transport ; developing cities ; low-energy transport ; sociotechnical transition ; power poles ; road grades ; spatio-temporal features ; socio-technical transition ; travel behaviour ; infrastructure ; human well-being ; forest values ; urban water sustainability ; transport projects ; land use governance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Geographic information systems (GISs) have played a vital role in Earth sciences by providing a powerful means of observing the world and various tools for solving complex problems. The scientific community has used GISs to reveal fascinating details about the Earth and other planets. This book on recent advances in GIS for Earth sciences includes 12 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this book belong to the following broad categories: Earth science informatics (geoinformatics), mining, hydrology, natural hazards, and society.
    Keywords: mine safety ; GIS-coupled ; spatiotemporal model ; LBM ; methane gas emission ; traffic flows ; taxi trajectory ; float cars ; spatial community ; transport system ; land use ; multi-functionality ; production-living-ecology function ; spatiotemporal dynamics ; obstacle factors ; Xiangxi ; DEM grid cell size ; efficiency ; mountainous watersheds ; optimized parameter set ; TOPMODEL ; social media ; rainstorm event ; spatiotemporal analysis ; factor assessing ; parallel algorithm ; map overlay analysis ; Hilbert ordering decomposition ; spatial analysis ; GIS vector map data ; GIS vector map security ; selective encryption ; simplification method and cryptography ; geo-sensor framework ; geo-sensor platform (GIS) ; sensor networks ; do-it-yourself (DIY) ; landslide susceptibility mapping ; ensemble techniques ; functional trees ; bagging ; rotation forest ; dagging ; algorithm ; cognition ; computer languages ; eye-tracking measurement ; gaze tracking ; human-computer interaction ; open source software ; symbols ; visualisation ; Geographic information systems ; mine planning ; mine development ; mine operation ; environmental management ; mine reclamation ; Indian Himalayas ; landslides ; GIS ; remote sensing ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Environmental health researchers have long used concepts like the neighborhood effect to assessing people’s exposure to environmental influences and the associated health impact. However, these are static notions that ignore people’s daily mobility at various spatial and temporal scales (e.g., daily travel, migratory movements, and movements over the life course) and the influence of neighborhood contexts outside their residential neighborhoods. Recent studies have started to incorporate human mobility, non-residential neighborhoods, and the temporality of exposures through collecting and using data from GPS, accelerometers, mobile phones, various types of sensors, and social media. Innovative approaches and methods have been developed. This Special Issue aims to showcase studies that use new approaches, methods, and data to examine the role of human mobility and non-residential contexts on human health behaviors and outcomes. It includes 21 articles that cover a wide range of topics, including individual exposure to air pollution, exposure and access to green spaces, spatial access to healthcare services, environmental influences on physical activity, food environmental and diet behavior, exposure to noise and its impact on mental health, and broader methodological issues such as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This collection will be a valuable reference for scholars and students interested in recent advances in the concepts and methods in environmental health and health geography.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; the elderly ; regression analysis ; walking event ; green space ; missing data ; crop residue burning ; correlation analysis ; imputation ; physical environment ; crowdedness ; Guangzhou ; mobile phone data ; GPS trace ; noise pollution ; mental disorders ; Beijing ; urban leisure ; environmental exposure ; environmental context cube ; subway stations ; air pollution exposure ; long-distance walking ; car ownership ; multilevel model ; CHAS ; ecological momentary assessment ; cycling for transportation ; cognitive aging ; 3SFCA ; interannual and seasonal variations ; well-being experience ; personal projects ; spatial spread ; E2SFCA ; activity space ; catchment areas ; structural equation modeling ; transport modes ; greenspace exposure ; health ; train stations ; human mobility ; quantile regression ; the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) ; emissions estimation ; taxi GPS trajectories ; real-time traffic ; primary healthcare ; rail travel ; spatial accessibility ; commuting route ; GPS ; urban planning ; environmental health ; Brazil ; EMA ; geographical accessibility ; big data ; dynamic assessment ; obesity ; healthcare accessibility ; population demand ; the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) ; geographic impedance ; collective leisure activity ; multimodal network ; GIS ; 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic ; UGCoP ; environmental exposures ; spatial data ; the uncertain geographic context problem ; Singapore ; built environment ; adults ; time-weighted exposure ; geographic imputation ; Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) ; access probability ; life-course perspectives ; China ; walking ; active travel ; foodscape exposure ; car use ; food environment ; fuel consumption ; ageing ; Healthcare services ; road traffic accidents ; space-time kernel density estimation ; multilevel Bayesian model ; environmental context exposure index ; spatial autocorrelation ; PM concentrations ; physical activity ; bike paths ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book provides a collection of comprehensive research articles on data analytics and applications of wearable devices in healthcare. This Special Issue presents 28 research studies from 137 authors representing 37 institutions from 19 countries. To facilitate the understanding of the research articles, we have organized the book to show various aspects covered in this field, such as eHealth, technology-integrated research, prediction models, rehabilitation studies, prototype systems, community health studies, ergonomics design systems, technology acceptance model evaluation studies, telemonitoring systems, warning systems, application of sensors in sports studies, clinical systems, feasibility studies, geographical location based systems, tracking systems, observational studies, risk assessment studies, human activity recognition systems, impact measurement systems, and a systematic review. We would like to take this opportunity to invite high quality research articles for our next Special Issue entitled “Digital Health and Smart Sensors for Better Management of Cancer and Chronic Diseases” as a part of Sensors journal.
    Keywords: eHealth ; wearable ; monitoring ; services ; integration ; IoT ; Telemedicine ; wearable sensors ; multivariate analysis ; longitudinal study ; functional decline ; exercise intervention ; accidental falls ; fall detection ; real-world ; signal analysis ; performance measures ; non-wearable sensors ; accelerometers ; cameras ; machine learning ; smart textiles ; healthcare ; talking detection ; activity recognition and monitoring ; patient health and state monitoring ; wearable sensing ; orientation-invariant sensing ; motion sensors ; accelerometer ; gyroscope ; magnetometer ; pattern classification ; artificial intelligence ; supervised machine learning ; predictive analytics ; hemodialysis ; non-contact sensor ; heart rate ; respiration rate ; heart rate variability ; time-domain features ; frequency-domain features ; principal component analysis ; behaviour analysis ; classifier efficiency ; personal risk detection ; one-class classification ; actigraphy ; encoding ; data compression ; denoising ; edge computing ; signal processing ; wearables ; activity monitoring ; citizen science ; cluster analysis ; physical activity ; sedentary behavior ; walking ; energy expenditure ; wearable device ; impedance pneumography ; neural network ; mechanocardiogram (MCG) ; smart clothes ; heart failure (HF) ; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ; technology acceptance model (TAM) ; physical activity classification ; free-living ; GENEactiv accelerometer ; Gaussian mixture model ; hidden Markov model ; wavelets ; skill assessment ; deep learning ; LSTM ; state space model ; probabilistic inference ; latent features ; human activity recognition ; MIMU ; genetic algorithm ; feature selection ; classifier optimization ; bispectrum ; entropy ; feature extraction ; heat stroke ; filtering algorithm ; physiological parameters ; exercise experiment ; biomedical signal processing ; wearable biomedical sensors ; wireless sensor network ; respiratory monitoring ; optoelectronic plethysmography ; biofeedback ; biomedical technology ; exercise therapy ; orthopedics ; mobile health ; qualitative ; human factors ; inertial measurement unit ; disease prevention ; occupational healthcare ; P-Ergonomics ; precision ergonomics ; musculoskeletal disorders ; wellbeing at work ; electrocardiogram ; conductive gels ; noncontact electrode ; myocardial ischemia ; pacemaker ; ventricular premature contraction ; upper extremity ; motion ; action research arm test ; activities of daily living ; IoT wearable monitor ; health ; posture analysis ; spinal posture ; wearable sensor ; embedded system ; recurrent neural networks ; physical workload ; wearable systems for healthcare ; machine learning for real-time applications ; actigraph ; body worn sensors ; clothing sensors ; cross correlation analysis ; healthcare movement sensing ; wearable devices ; calibration ; inertial measurement units ; human movement ; physical activity type ; real-life ; GPS ; GIS ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative terrain characterization and analysis, and has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial and planetary landscapes. However, applications of marine geomorphometry have now moved beyond the simple adoption of techniques developed for terrestrial studies, driven by the rise in the acquisition of high-resolution seafloor data and by the availability of user-friendly spatial analytical tools. Considering that the seafloor represents 71% of the surface of our planet, this is an important step towards understanding the Earth in its entirety.This volume is the first one dedicated to marine applications of geomorphometry. It showcases studies addressing the five steps of geomorphometry: sampling a surface (e.g., the seafloor), generating a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from samples, preprocessing the DTM for subsequent analyses (e.g., correcting for errors and artifacts), deriving terrain attributes and/or extracting terrain features from the DTM, and using and explaining those terrain attributes and features in a given context. Throughout these studies, authors address a range of challenges and issues associated with applying geomorphometric techniques to the complex marine environment, including issues related to spatial scale, data quality, and linking seafloor topography with physical, geological, biological, and ecological processes. As marine geomorphometry becomes increasingly recognized as a sub-discipline of geomorphometry, this volume brings together a collection of research articles that reflect the types of studies that are helping to chart the course for the future of marine geomorphometry.
    Keywords: TC1501-1800 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; geomorphology ; simulation ; accuracy ; spatial scale ; marine geomorphology ; surface roughness ; forage fish ; satellite imagery ; thalwegs ; digital elevation models (DEMs) ; Seabed 2030 ; Pacific sand lance ; Acoustic applications ; python ; Nippon Foundation/GEBCO ; Oceanic Shoals Australian Marine Park ; submarine topography ; multi beam echosounder ; sedimentation ; bedforms ; carbonate banks ; polychaete ; cold-water coral ; multiscale ; automated-mapping ; semi-automated mapping ; sediment habitats ; Atlantic Ocean ; Northwestern Australia ; random forest ; benthic habitat mapping ; paleoclimate ; submerged glacial bedforms ; seafloor ; currents ; Cenomanian–Turonian ; Multibeam bathymetry ; geomorphometry ; ArcGIS ; filter ; seabed mapping ; coral reefs ; eastern Brazilian shelf ; digital terrain analysis ; multibeam spatial resolution ; multibeam ; multibeam sonar ; Timor Sea ; seafloor geomorphometry ; shelf-slope-rise ; terrain analysis ; seafloor mapping technologies ; spatial analysis ; Canary Basin ; paleobathymetry ; Bonaparte Basin ; pockmarks ; benthic habitats ; Malin Basin ; geographic object-based image analysis ; seafloor mapping standards and protocols ; GIS ; Bering Sea ; object segmentation ; Barents Sea ; bathymetry ; carbonate mound ; underwater acoustics ; integration artefacts ; multibeam echosounder ; domes ; global bathymetry ; Random Forests ; North Sea ; spatial prediction ; Glaciated Margin ; marine geology ; image segmentation ; shelf morphology ; Alaska ; paleoceanography ; confidence ; swath geometry ; volcanoes ; deglaciation ; Cretaceous ; DEM ; habitat mapping ; marine remote sensing ; reconstruction ; acoustic-seismic profiling ; canyons
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays, the sustainable built environment planning in most cities has come to a turning point as the growth in traffic and population has become a serious concern and put tremendous pressure on both the environment and people in these cities. It is therefore important to find new ways or lifestyles—such as compact city, transit-oriented development (TOD) formulations—that are more flexible, inclusive, and sustainable. Furthermore, for the sustainable built environment and urban growth management, not only should the growth management principles—which include smart growth, sustainable growth, and inclusive growth—be taken into account but innovative/smart planning strategies—such as mixed use design, green transport, and new urbanism—are also utilized in planning sustainable built environments in order to prevent the urban sprawl development that has occurred.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rural residents ; urban growth management ; major building material ; resource use ; decision support ; commercial activities ; price:value ratio ; renovation extent ; urban growth ; environmentally responsible interior design ; Artificial Neural Networks ; integrated carbon policy ; embodied environmental impact ; big data ; tenure ; land cover ; social bonding ; climate change ; air quality ; interactive strategy ; energy retrofitting ; quality of life (QoL) ; social performance ; driving factors ; Maximum Likelihood Classification ; apartment building ; environmental activation of interior elements ; interior space utilization ; construction materials ; sharing ; sustainability ; low carbon ; resilience engineering ; intention ; rent affordability ; GIS ; life-cycle assessment ; spatial spectrum ; conservation ; sustainable use ; sustainable built environment ; buildings ; resilience quantification ; sustainable interior design ; energy performance certificate ; multiple threat assessment ; built environment ; farmland price-value distortion ; urban residents ; urban design ; indoor environment quality ; digitalization ; Support Vector Machines ; social performance evaluation ; green belt ; significant transitions ; energy use ; China ; rural-urban land conversion ; smart city &amp ; green supply chain ; behavior ; fuzzy analytical hierarchy process ; urban block ; place attachment ; empirical study ; transport ; Nayarit (Mexico) ; ecological well-being changes ; urban form ; atmospheric concentration ; CO2 emissions ; surface temperature ; transformation factors ; commercial types ; quantile regression ; green tourism ; physical activities ; urban living environment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Natural hazard events are able to significantly affect the natural and artificial environment. In this context, changes in landforms due to natural disasters have the potential to affect and, in some cases, even restrict human interaction with the ecosystem. In order to minimize fatalities and reduce the economic impact that accompanies their occurrence, proper planning is crucial. Land use planning can play an important role in reducing current and future risks related to natural hazards. Land use changes can lead to natural hazards and vice versa: natural hazards affect land uses. Therefore, planners may take into account areas that are susceptible to natural hazards when selecting favorable locations for land use development. Appropriate land use planning can lead to the determination of safe and non-safe areas for urban activities. This Special Issue focuses on land use planning for natural hazards. In this context, various types of natural hazards, such as land degradation and desertification, coastal hazard, floods, and landslides, as well as their interactions with human activities, are presented.
    Keywords: sea-level rise ; storm surge ; physical vulnerability ; social vulnerability ; Peloponnese ; Greece ; urbanization ; flood ; remote sensing/GIS ; Birendranagar ; Nepal ; landslides ; geographic information system (GIS) ; frequency ratio ; density ratio ; human activities ; land use planning ; historic flood data ; old topographic maps ; GIS ; temporal and spatial distribution of flood events ; marshy areas and lakes ; flood hazard assessment ; Integrated land-use planning ; land degradation ; desertification ; policy ; phronetic approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TJ1-1570 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; n/a ; model switching ; sensitivity analysis ; neural networks ; logit boost ; Qaidam Basin ; land subsidence ; land use/land cover (LULC) ; naïve Bayes ; multilayer perceptron ; convolutional neural networks ; single-class data descriptors ; logistic regression ; feature selection ; mapping ; particulate matter 10 (PM10) ; Bayes net ; gray-level co-occurrence matrix ; multi-scale ; Logistic Model Trees ; classification ; Panax notoginseng ; large scene ; coarse particle ; grayscale aerial image ; Gaofen-2 ; environmental variables ; variable selection ; spatial predictive models ; weights of evidence ; landslide prediction ; random forest ; boosted regression tree ; convolutional network ; Vietnam ; model validation ; colorization ; data mining techniques ; spatial predictions ; SCAI ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; high-resolution ; texture ; spatial sparse recovery ; landslide susceptibility map ; machine learning ; reproducible research ; constrained spatial smoothing ; support vector machine ; random forest regression ; model assessment ; information gain ; ALS point cloud ; bagging ensemble ; one-class classifiers ; leaf area index (LAI) ; landslide susceptibility ; landsat image ; ionospheric delay constraints ; spatial spline regression ; remote sensing image segmentation ; panchromatic ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; optical remote sensing ; materia medica resource ; GIS ; precise weighting ; change detection ; TRMM ; traffic CO ; crop ; training sample size ; convergence time ; object detection ; gully erosion ; deep learning ; classification-based learning ; transfer learning ; landslide ; traffic CO prediction ; hybrid model ; winter wheat spatial distribution ; logistic ; alternating direction method of multipliers ; hybrid structure convolutional neural networks ; geoherb ; predictive accuracy ; real-time precise point positioning ; spectral bands ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCW Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book collects more than 20 papers, written by renowned experts and scientists from across the globe, that showcase the state-of-the-art and forefront research in archaeological remote sensing and the use of geoscientific techniques to investigate archaeological records and cultural heritage. Very high resolution satellite images from optical and radar space-borne sensors, airborne multi-spectral images, ground penetrating radar, terrestrial laser scanning, 3D modelling, Geographyc Information Systems (GIS) are among the techniques used in the archaeological studies published in this book. The reader can learn how to use these instruments and sensors, also in combination, to investigate cultural landscapes, discover new sites, reconstruct paleo-landscapes, augment the knowledge of monuments, and assess the condition of heritage at risk. Case studies scattered across Europe, Asia and America are presented: from the World UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa to heritage under threat in the Middle East and North Africa, from coastal heritage in the intertidal flats of the German North Sea to Early and Neolithic settlements in Thessaly. Beginners will learn robust research methodologies and take inspiration; mature scholars will for sure derive inputs for new research and applications.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; CC1-960 ; terrestrial laser scanning ; GIS ; condition assessment ; SAR ; remote sensing ; geophysics ; point cloud ; archaeological prospection ; optical ; pattern recognition ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book aims at promoting new and innovative studies, proposing new architectures or innovative evolutions of existing ones, and illustrating experiments on current technologies in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of distributed and cluster systems when they deal with spatiotemporal data.
    Keywords: spatial big data ; parallel processing ; MapReduce ; arable land quality (ALQ) ; GIS ; big data ; IoT ; Hadoop ; geospatial big data ; geospatial applications ; buffer analysis ; real-time ; visualization-oriented ; tile-pyramid ; parallel computing ; soil erosion modelling ; mobility ; data warehouses ; spatiotemporal OLAP ; mobility analytics ; location-based aggregate queries ; distributed processing technique ; grid structure ; MapReduce-based aggregate query algorithm ; watershed analysis ; multiple flow accumulation ; DEM ; CUDA ; OpenACC ; GPU ; sustainable development ; Agenda 2063 ; geoportal ; monitoring and evaluation ; geospatial data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: During the last several decades, Earth´s climate has undergone significant changes due to anthropogenic global warming, and feedbacks to the water cycle. Therefore, persistent efforts are required to improve our understanding of hydrological processes and to engage in efficient water management strategies that explicitly consider changing environmental conditions. The twenty-four contributions in this book have broadly addressed topics across four major research areas: (1) Climate and land-use change impacts on hydrological processes, (2) hydrological trends and causality analysis faced in hydrology, (3) hydrological model simulations and predictions, and (4) reviews on water prices and climate extremes. The broad spectrum of international contributions to the Special Issue indicates that climate change impacts on water resources analysis attracts global attention. We hope that the collection of articles presented here can provide scientists, policymakers and stakeholders alike with insights that support sustainable decision-making in the face of climate change and increasingly scarce environmental resources.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; coal mining ; climate variability ; DPR Korea ; runoff map ; Haihe River Basin ; compound extremes ; variation in percentage of flood-season precipitation ; precipitation ; Mongolia ; Budyko framework ; water pricing ; model ; land use change ; quantitative analysis ; coal mining concentrated watershed ; trends ; river discharge ; runoff ; water resources management ; karst ; cascade joint operation chart ; Time series model ; flood ; Yellow River Delta ; Three Gorges Project ; contribution and sensitivity analysis ; distributed hydrological model ; the Loess Plateau ; topsoil ; air temperature ; natural streamflow variation ; Xinjiang ; Yangtze River ; land surface change ; sustainable water management ; power operations ; plot scale ; temperature ; Large-scale climate indices ; Mann-Kendall test ; eco-region ; human activities ; water security ; inter-basin water transfer project ; water management ; average annual runoff ; predictions ; Selenga river basin ; quantile regression ; estuarine wetlands ; runoff changes ; TFPW-MK ; scenario simulation ; streamflow ; indicator ; snowfall to precipitation ratio ; multivariate distribution ; hydroclimatic analysis ; spatiotemporal change analysis ; evapotranspiration ; Three Gorges Dam ; hydrological simulation ; Lake Baikal basin ; CMIP5 ; dam ; hydrological processes ; GRACE ; SHM ; trend analysis ; land cover ; climate change ; highland agricultural field area ; water conflicts ; Pan evaporation ; hydrology ; large scale basin ; remote sensing ; Yellow River ; SWAT ; GIS ; WRF model ; hydrological drought ; Ethiopia ; benefits ; grid-based ; Weihe River Basin ; Reservoir inflow forecasting ; multiple regression model ; jackknife validation ; elasticity coefficient ; diffuse pollutant discharge ; streamflow reduction ; MATOPIBA agricultural frontier ; land use and climate change ; LULCC ; Climate variability ; HEC-RAS ; PUB ; simulated rainfall ; trends and patterns ; HRU-based ; rainfall-runoff experiments ; SWCM ; Ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; freshwater availability ; macro scale modeling ; Artificial intelligence model ; intra-annual climate change ; economics ; hydrological model ; Hydro-Informatic Modelling System (HIMS) ; drought ; SWAT model ; arid region ; land use/cover change ; litter layer ; Budyko equation ; flood control ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue includes manuscripts about soil erosion and degradation processes and the accelerated rates due to hydrological processes and climate change. The new research included in this issue focuses on measurements, modeling, and experiments in field or laboratory conditions developed at different scales (pedon, hillslope, and catchment). This Special Issue received investigations from different parts of the world such as Ethiopia, Morocco, China, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain, among others. We are happy to see that all papers presented findings characterized as unconventional, provocative, innovative, and methodologically new. We hope that the readers of the journal Water can enjoy and learn about hydrology and soil erosion using the published material, and share the results with the scientific community, policymakers, and stakeholders to continue this amazing adventure, facing plenty of issues and challenges.
    Keywords: soil ; natural resources ; modeling ; hybrid model ; Bastam watershed ; splash erosion ; environmental assessment ; soil erosion ; rainfall simulation ; loess landslide ; agricultural irrigation ; field investigation ; static liquefaction ; RUSLE ; soil erodibility ; gravel content ; Chaohu Lake Basin ; vineyards ; soil management ; tractor traffic ; hydrological properties ; erosion ; runoff ; hydraulic conductivity ; soil water conservation ; argan ; South Morocco ; soil degradation ; tree ; intertree ; Ethiopian highlands ; eucalyptus ; gully ; soil loss ; soil and water conservation practices ; gully erosion susceptibility ; GIS ; robustness ; MARS algorithm ; rainfall-runoff processes ; hillslope morphology ; surface flow ; roughness ; land degradation ; soil conservation ; remote sensing ; urbanization ; land-use ; suspended sediment concentration ; spatiotemporal variation ; hydrological processes ; different scales ; models ; experiments ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The concept of sustainability has been intensively used over the last decades since Brundtland´s report was published in 1987. This concept, due to its transversal, horizontal and interdisciplinary nature, can be used in many disciplines, scenarios, spatio-temporal dimensions and different circumstances. The intensive development in recent years of analytical techniques and tools based on disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, information theory and the Internet of Things, among others, has meant we are very well-placed for analysing the sustainability of water systems in a multiperspective way. Water systems management requires the most advanced approaches and tools for rigorously addressing all the dimensions involved in the sustainability of its development. Consequently, addressing the sustainability of water systems management may comprise physical (natural processes), chemical, socioeconomic, legal, institutional, infrastructure (engineering), political and cultural aspects, among others. This Special Issue welcomes general and specific contributions that address the sustainability of water systems management considering its development. Special interest will be given to those contributions that consider tradeoffs and/or integration between some of the aspects or disciplines that drive the sustainability of water systems in the context of their management and development.
    Keywords: suspended solids ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; spectral imaging ; artificial neural networks ; water resource ; South Korean urban industry ; green use efficiency of industrial water (GUEIW) ; global non-radial directional distance function model (GNDDF) ; economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) ; environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW) ; water quality ; climate change ; Bayesian networks ; uncertainty ; multi-models ; prioritization ; geomorphometric parameters ; compound parameter ; geospatial distribution ; GIS ; GHGs ; aquatic factors ; random forest ; water temperature ; nitrogen ; sulfate ; concrete arch-dams ; stability scenarios ; deformation scenarios ; safety management ; sustainability assessment ; runoff ; temporal dependence ; rivers’ sustainability ; predictive methods ; causal reasoning ; runoff fractions ; water management ; contamination ; integrated water resources management ; groundwater ; pollution ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; transition management ; water safety plan ; aquifer management ; water governance ; irrigation ; unauthorized use ; barbate river basin ; biocalcarenites ; remote sensing ; citizen surveys ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; chemical oxygen demand (COD) ; wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book collects 15 papers written by renowned scholars from across the globe that showcase the forefront research in Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS), and geoscientific ground investigations to study archaeological records and cultural heritage.Archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, remote sensing, and archaeometry experts share their methodologies relying on a wealth of techniques and data including, but not limited to: very high resolution satellite images from optical and radar space-borne sensors, air-borne surveys, geographic information systems (GIS), archaeological fieldwork, and historical maps.A couple of the contributions highlight the value of noninvasive and nondestructive laboratory analyses (e.g., neutron diffraction) to reconstruct ancient manufacturing technologies, and of geological ground investigations to corroborate hypotheses of historical events that shaped cultural landscapes.Case studies encompass famous UNESCO World Heritage Sites (e.g., the Nasca Lines in Peru), remote and yet-to-discover archaeological areas in tropical forests in central America, European countries, south Asian changing landscapes, and environments which are arid nowadays but were probably full of woody vegetation in the past.Finally, the reader can learn about the state-of-the-art of education initiatives to train site managers in the use of space technologies in support of their activities, and can understand the legal aspects involved in the application of EO and RS to address current challenges of African heritage preservation.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; settlements ; historical landscapes ; floods ; landscape archaeology ; education ; archaeological fieldwork ; Burial Mound ; geoglyph Pista ; OBIA ; satellite imagery ; multi-criteria ; airborne LiDAR ; international law ; Survey of India ; mapping ; Landscape ; Africa ; heritage ; Belize ; relict boundaries ; capacity development ; synthetic aperture radar ; disaster and conservation management ; Motte-and-Bailey castle ; neutron techniques ; Cuenca Pisco ; grain-size ; geological mapping ; Peru ; Visualization ; drones ; volcaniclastic layer ; UAV ; Harra ; stratigraphy ; Archaeology ; e-learning ; field reconnaissance ; neutron diffraction ; archaeological prospection ; Jordan ; Mesoamerica ; predictive model ; Ridge and Furrow ; Mega El Niño ; Earth Observation ; archaeological landscapes ; colonial studies ; river morphology ; pampa of Nazca ; optical ; Boundary Demarcation ; space law ; orthophotographs ; Oman ; GoogleEarth ; archaeometry ; Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission ; national archaeological mapping programme ; Maya ; Sacred ; subsurface imaging ; basalt desert ; Indus ; archaeological survey ; Sentinel-2 ; surface survey ; Ritual ; remote sensing ; microwave penetration ; Difference Map ; drone ; tumuli ; GIS ; international boundaries ; Lidar ; Caves ; Archaeological Survey of India ; chemometric analysis ; UNESCO ; Rio Grande de Nazca ; SAR ; photogrammetry ; Earth observation ; arid environments ; Sumerian pottery ; cultural and natural heritage ; free satellite imagery ; field monument ; RPAS ; archaeology ; historical maps ; satellite ; petrography ; automated detection ; pattern recognition ; Arran ; LiDAR ; airborne laser scanning ; landscape accessibility ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; Bing Maps ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; Roman archaeology ; Saharan Morocco
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book features contributions that report original research in the theoretical, technological, and social aspects of geoinformation methods, as applied to supporting citizen science. Specifically, the book focuses on the technological aspects of the field and their application toward the recruitment of volunteers and the collection, management, and analysis of geotagged information to support volunteer involvement in scientific projects. Internationally renowned research groups share research in three areas: First, the key methods of geoinformatics within citizen science initiatives to support scientists in discovering new knowledge in specific application domains or in performing relevant activities, such as reliable geodata filtering, management, analysis, synthesis, sharing, and visualization; second, the critical aspects of citizen science initiatives that call for emerging or novel approaches of geoinformatics to acquire and handle geoinformation; and third, novel geoinformatics research that could serve in support of citizen science.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; education ; geoinformatics ; GIS education ; classification accuracy ; latent class analysis ; location-based social networks (LBSNs) ; geoinformation in citizen science ; toponym ; recruitment ; community mapping ; user preference ; land administration systems ; positional accuracy ; sample size ; spatial proximity ; crowdsourced geoinformation collection and analysis ; air quality estimation ; digital cartography ; crowdsourcing ; VGI in citizen science ; crowdsourced data collection ; social relationship effect ; analysis ; GIS ; data quality ; opportunistic data ; volunteer ; volunteered geographic information (VGI) ; VGI ; data fusion ; algorithms ; OpenStreetMap ; volunteer geographic information ; citizen science ; ensemble ; spatial bias ; projects survey ; Alaska ; marine mammal ; brown marmorated stink bug ; social media ; Environmental niche modeling ; data analysis ; Pentatomidae ; QGIS ; MaxEnt ; spatial accuracy ; clustering ; air pollution ; data import ; sky images ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of papers addressing the scientific use of data acquired in the course of the TerraSAR-X mission 10 years after launch. The articles deal with the mission itself, the accuracy of the products, with differential interferometry, and with applications in the domains cryosphere, oceans, wetlands, and urban areas.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; PS ; mussel beds ; community survey ; RADARSAT-2 ; ALOS-1 ; land subsidence ; TomoSAR ; wave breaking ; high resolution InSAR ; surface water monitoring ; ground control points ; review ; SLR ; orbit ; radar ranging ; validation ; multi-baseline ; satellite time series ; convolutional neural networks (CNN) ; POD ; internal calibration ; surface movement monitoring ; landslide monitoring ; classification ; monitoring ; synthetic aperture radar ; mission ; film slicks on the sea surface ; geodetic ; robust estimation ; processing ; coastal environments ; small-scale movements ; time-series ; TSX Staring spotlight ; zenith path delay ; satellite orbit ; ERS ; dual co-polarized microwave radar ; global ; SVM ; marine ; covariance matrix ; tsunami ; deep CNN ; slant path delay ; X-band ; segmentation ; radar mission ; long term performance monitoring ; stereo sar ; phase demodulation ; TanDEM-X ; SAR interferometry ; InSAR ; imaging geodesy ; estuarine ; radar ; support vector machine ; D-TomoSAR ; measurement pixels’ density ; lacustrine ; absolute localization accuracy ; riverine ; radargrammetry ; TerraSAR-X ; automated target recognition ; intertidal bedforms ; phase unwrapping ; DS ; wet snow ; Satellite Laser Ranging ; numerical weather prediction ; internal waves ; persistent scatterer interferometry ; antenna model verification ; multi-pass ; Wadden Sea ; PolSAR ; InSAR coherence ; PSI ; remote sensing ; earthquake ; pixel selection ; radiometric accuracy ; sustainability ; ground segment ; GIS ; small Arctic catchments ; flooded vegetation ; urban footprint ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; SAR applications ; super high-spatial resolution TerraSAR-X images ; Snow Cover Extent (SCE) ; stratified atmospheric delay ; SAR ; Andaman Sea ; vegetation ; NDVI ; atmospheric phase ; operations ; tidal gullies ; palustrine ; DSM blending ; Venice lagoon ; DInSAR ; satellite ; density map ; atmospheric propagation delay ; calibration targets ; damage assessment ; interferometry ; Landsat ; landslide ; geometric and radiometric calibration ; precise orbit determination ; habitat mapping ; LEO ; antenna pointing determination ; remote sensing data ; layover ; surface wind waves ; geolocation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The management of natural resources can be approached using different data sources and techniques, from images registered by sensors of onboard satellites to UAV platforms, using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems, among others. The variability of problems and projects to be analyzed, studied, and solved is very wide. This book presents a collection of different experiences, ranging from the location of areas of interest to the simulation of future scenarios of a territory at local and regional scales, considering spatial resolutions ranging from centimeters to hundreds of meters. The common objective of all the works compiled in this book is to support decision-making in environmental management.
    Keywords: secondary succession monitoring ; Natura 2000 threats ; tree detection ; archival photographs ; spectro-textural classification ; granulometric analysis ; GLCM ; alpine grassland ; fractional vegetation cover ; ground survey ; precision evaluation ; multi-scale LAI product validation ; PROSAIL model ; EBK ; crop growth period ; adaptive K-means algorithm ; heavy industry heat sources ; NPP-VIIRS ; active fire data ; night-time light data ; spatial autocorrelation ; spatial pattern ; spatial relationship ; natural wetlands changes ; associated influencing factors ; mainland China ; farmland abandonment mapping ; textural segmentation ; aerial imagery ; land use ; Poznań ; agent based modeling ; disaster management ; resource allocation ; high severity level ; first come first serve ; geographical information system ; bearing capacity ; analytic hierarchy process ; geographical survey of national conditions ; hotspot analysis ; topsis algorithm ; automatic identification system data ; 21st Century Maritime Silk Road region ; oil flow analysis ; maritime oil chokepoint ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ; seismic parameters ; GIS ; seismicity ; spatial analysis ; b-value ; earthquake catalog ; future scenarios ; prelude ; dynamic of land use ; Spatial Decision Support System, CORINE Land Cover ; remote sensing ; geographic information system ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Sustainable interdisciplinarity focuses on human–nature relations and a multitude of contemporary overlapping research between society and the environment. A variety of disciplines have played a large part in better understanding sustainable development since its high-profile emergence approximately a quarter of a century ago. At present, the forefront of sustainability research is an array of methods, techniques, and growing knowledge base that considers past, present, and future pathways. Specific multidisciplinary concentrations within the scope of societal changes, urban landscape transformations, international environmental comparative studies, as well as key theories and dynamics relating to sustainable performance are explored. Specializations in complex sustainability issues address international governance arrangements, rules, and organizations—both public and private—within the scope of four themes: sustainability, human geography, environment, and interdisciplinary societal studies. This book contains eleven thoroughly refereed contributions concerning pressing issues that interlink sustainable interdisciplinarity with the presented themes in terms of the human–nature interface.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; bike-share ; sustainable tourism and hospitality ; Cambodia ; interdisciplinary societal studies ; Fujian Province ; ecotourism ; spatial analysis ; urban spatial variables ; urban climate zones ; restoration ; interior components ; determinants ; Cheonggye Stream ; elderly people ; sustainability ; ridership ; Suseongdong Valley ; GIS ; collective forest ; concept of landscape ; community livelihood ; evidence-based design ; network analysis ; sustainable architectural design ; sociodemographic determinants ; human geography ; sustainable interior design ; participation ; income ; politics ; mathematical climate simulation modeling ; environmental contextualization ; community forest ; ideology ; air temperature ; Alzheimer ; dementia-friendly cities ; spatial statistical analysis ; sustainable water management ; adaptive reuse ; China ; healing gardens ; age-sensitive landscape design ; SES framework ; recycling ; bicycle-sharing systems ; GM food ; Korean culture ; urban climate ; sustainable tourism ; stakeholder collaboration ; food safety ; economics ; Czech Republic ; environment ; policy making ; performance ; culture ; regression ; nature reserve ; urban planning and design ; healthy public space design ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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