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  • Journals  (8)
  • Articles  (35,332)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)  (34,722)
  • Emerald  (573)
  • Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG  (41)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Digizeitschriften
  • Sociology  (35,340)
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  • Journals  (8)
  • Articles  (35,332)
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Years
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  • 1
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    Emerald
    Online: 1.2009 – 9.2017
    Publisher: Emerald
    Print ISSN: 1756-6266
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-6266 , 1756-6274
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 2
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    Emerald
    Online: 1.2008 – 7.2014
    Publisher: Emerald
    Print ISSN: 1753-7983
    Electronic ISSN: 1753-7991
    Topics: Political Science , Sociology , Economics
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  • 3
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    Emerald
    Online: 23.2008 – 32.2017
    Publisher: Emerald
    Print ISSN: 1754-2413
    Electronic ISSN: 1754-2421
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 4
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    Mohr Siebeck | Digizeitschriften
    Online: 1.1893 – 7.1900
    Publisher: Mohr Siebeck , Digizeitschriften
    Print ISSN: 1619-6104
    Topics: History , Sociology , Economics
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  • 5
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    Digizeitschriften
    Online: 1989 – 2005
    Publisher: Digizeitschriften
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 6
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    Preußischer Botanischer Verein | Digizeitschriften
    Online: 1.1862 – 26.1887
    Publisher: Preußischer Botanischer Verein , Digizeitschriften
    Topics: Biology , Sociology , Economics
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  • 7
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    Digizeitschriften
    Online: 1.1903 – 18.1925
    Publisher: Digizeitschriften
    Print ISSN: 0340-8728
    Topics: History , Sociology , Economics
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  • 8
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    Emerald
    Online: 1.2011 – 2017
    Publisher: Emerald
    Print ISSN: 2042-6763
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 9
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    Basel, Switzerland : Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG
    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The paper presents a model of ‘rational irrationality’ to explain why political and religious beliefs are marked not only by low information (as the notion of rational ignorance highlights), but also by systematic bias and high certainty. Being irrational – i.e., deviating from rational expectations – is modeled as normal good. The reason that irrationality in politics and religion is so pronounced is that the private repercussions of error are virtually nonexistant. The consumption of irrationality can be efficient, but it will usually not be when the private and the social cost of irrationality differ – for example, in elections.
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  • 10
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The paper examines the extent and determinants of short-term horizons in taking open positions using a questionnaire mailed to professional foreign exchange market participants in Germany. The findings reveal that the absolute anticipation horizon is short, but not necessarily short-termist. Another related but empirically different measure is proposed, based on the relative length of different horizons; its use clearly shows widespread restrictions in relation to optimal behavior. No determinants in personal characteristics were established for either empirical measure; rather the instituional environment was found to be an influence. Thus, professionals may adept rationally to their incentive structure, which works towards short-term horizons in position taking.
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  • 11
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article analyzes whether unemployment has an effect on the splitting of a marital relationship. The study uses 40 000 observations on unemployment spells and marital status during the period from 1987 to 1996. Random effects probit and conditional likelihood logit models for panel data are applied. Using several control variables, it was confirmed that unemployment does actually lead to a higher probability of the separation of married couples.
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  • 12
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Recent economic theory suggests that free riding under group piece-rate incentive schemes can be alleviated by mutual monitroing and social sanctioning. This article challenges this assumption by showing that the presence of the price mechanism in mutual monitoring and sanctioning can decrease the motivation to cooperate for certain types of agents: because the social rewards for cooperation that may develop through work are potentially based in a desire for pecuniary gain, withholding approval may matter less to initially cooperative agents. Hence, mutual monitoring can decrease cooperation in teams. The author presents evidence from social psychology illuminating differences between indiividualistic and cooperative types, discusses implications for work group design and future research, and presents a short mathematical model.
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  • 13
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    Basel, Switzerland : Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG
    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 14
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: A vast empirical literature has used ad hoc linear cross-country regressions to search for the determinants of FDI. The literature is extensive and controversial. Can policy-makers use this body of research to learn anything that can help them stimulate FDI? The author uses Extreme Bound Analysis (EBA) to examine if any of the conclusions from the existing studies is robust to small changes in the conditioning information set. The EBA upholds the robustness of the correlation between FDI and market-size, as measured by per-capita GDP, but indicates that the relation between FDI and many of the controversial variables (namely, tax, wage, openness, exchange rate, tariff, growth, and trade balance)bare highly sensitive to small alterations in the conditioning information set. The author also studies the distribution of the estimated coefficients of the controversial explanatory variables to rank them in order of their likelihood of their being correlated with FDI.
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  • 15
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 16
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Allswang, John M., The Initiative and Referendum in California, 1898-1998Berthold, Norbert und Rainer Hank, Bündnis für Arbeit: Korporatismus statt WettewerbBromley, Daniel W., Sustaining Development Environmental Resources in Developing CountriesBuchanan, James M. and Roger D. Congleton, Politics by principle, Not Interestde Haan, Jakob (ed.), The History of the BundesbankEijffinger, Sylvester C. W. and Jakob de Haan, European Monetary and Fiscal PolicyFaccarello, Gilbert, The Foundations of Laissez-Faire: The Economics of Pierre de BoisguilbertFaucheux Sylvie, John Gowdy and Isabelle Nicolai, Sustainability and FirmsGarber, Peter M., Famous First BubblesHanson, Philip and Michael Bradshaw (eds.), Regional Economic Change in RussiaJean, François und Jean-Christophe Rufin (Hrsg.), Ökonomie der BürgerkriegeKern, William S. (ed.), The Economics of SportsKoslowski, Peter (ed.), Contemporary Economic Ethics and Business EthicsLee, Frederic S., Post-Keynesian Price TheoryLohmann, Dieta, Umweltpolitische Kooperationen zwischen Staat und Unternehmen aus Sicht der Neuen InstitutionenökonomikNeumayer, Eric, Weak versus Strong Sustainability: Exploring the Limits of Two Opposing ParadigmsPoterba, James M. and Jürgen von Hagen (eds.), Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal PerformanceRose-Ackerman, Susan, Corruption and GovernmentSchwartz, Hugh, Rationality Gone Awry?Sengupta, Jati K., New Growth TheoryStahler, Frank, Economic Games and Strategic BehaviourSunstein, Cass R. (ed.), Behavioural Law and EconomicsWeele, Erich, Aisen und der WestenWegner, Gerhard unde Josef Wieland (Hrsg.), Formelle und informelle InstitutionenWeisbrod, Burton A. (ed.), To Profit or Not to Profit: The Dilemma of Commercializing the Non-Profit SectorWelfens, Paul J.J. and Evgeny Gavrilenkov (eds.), Restructuring, Stabilizing and Modernizing the New RussiaWelfens, Paul J.J., John T. Addison, David B. Audretsch, Thomas Gries and Hariolf Grupp, Globalization, Economic Growth and Innovation Dynamics
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  • 17
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
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  • 18
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    Kyklos 54 (2001), S. 0 
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  • 19
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 20
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 21
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 22
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 23
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 24
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 25
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 26
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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  • 27
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Recent divergencies in economic development have led to a growing literature comparing the US economy with (OECD-)Europe. The present article argues for a sceptical awareness of some limitations of these comparisons. By alternative groupings of countries the heterogeneous nature of European countries is underlined (limited to growth, inflation, and unemployment). This leads to the conclusion that to some extent comparisons between European nations or between the US and individual European nations could be valuable supplements to the generalizing US-Europe comparisons.
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  • 28
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Starting from the proposition that the feudal political system functioned as a market for military security where no territorial monopolies and consequently no states in the modern sense of the word existed, state formation is here explained as the outcome of efforts to restrict competition in this market. The explanation draws on the theory of regulation which focuses on bargaining between interest groups and political authorities as the cause of the creation of entry barriers to markets. Which interest groups and authorities were concerned in late medieval and early modern state building is analyzed on the basis of three historical cases, two of which led to the creation of territorial monopolies of security while in one instance corresponding efforts failed.
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  • 29
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: We develop an analytical framework to investigate some plausible channels that income inequality affects economic growth. Our empirical study concludes that income inequality has significant negative effect on the rate of GDP growth. Among the channels suggested by recent literature, we find that the most important one is the transfer channel while the least important one is the human capital channel. However, the direct impact of income inequality on the rate of productivity growth accounts for more than 55 percent of its overall total effect. This indicates that the effects of income inequality on economic growth are much more complicated than what we have perceived or modeled.
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  • 30
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
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    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Bates, Robert H., Avner Greif, Margaret Levi, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal and Barry R. Weingast, Analytic NarrativesBraithwaite, John and Peter Drahos, Global Business RegulationCobham, David and George Zis, (eds.) From EMS to EMU: 1979 to 1999 and BeyondDutta Prajit K., Stratejies and GamesFischer Lorenz, Thomas Kutsch und Ekkehard Stephan (Hrsg.), FianzpsychologieFrank Robert H., Luxury FeverO'Rourke Kevin and Jeffrey G. Williamson, Globalization and HistoryRochon, Louis-Philippe, Credit, Money and ProductionSapsford, David and John-ren Chen, (eds.) Development Economics and PolicySchrader, Klaus, Ordnungspolitische Weichenstellung für eine marktwirtschaftliche Entwicklung in mittel– und osteuropäischen LändernShiller, Robert J., Irrational ExuberanceSmithin, John, (ed.) What is Money?Szász, André, The Road to European Monetary UnionUnited Nations, World Investment ReportVerdun, Amy, European Responses to Globalization and Financial Market IntegrationWelfens, Paul J.J., EU Eastern Enlargement and the Russian Transformation CrisisWellisch, Dietmar, Theory of Public Finance in a Federal StateWorld Bank, Greening Industry
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In an insightful article published in this journal, Alan Musgrave (1981) has argued that once we distinguish between three types of assumptions, Milton Friedman’s F-twist – according to which the truth of the assumptions of an economic theory is irrelevant to its acceptability – can be untwisted. It is shown that once we bring in more clarity on the formal identity of the different kinds of assumptions, Musgrave’s contribution can be further defined: distinctions can be drawn between detectability and negligibility assumptions, and between domain and acceptability assumptions; the suggested gap between as-if assumptions and other kinds can be removed; another type, that of joint neglibility assumption, can be introduced; the untwisting of the F-twist can be accepted in all cases except in the case of early-step (heuristic) assumptions; and the art of paraphrase is shown to constitute the basis for Musgrave’s strategy and to have limits.
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  • 32
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Effects on hours worked of cuts in the Swedish income taxes are analyzed using longtitudinal data that cover periods before and after a major tax reform in 1991. The results show that working males probably changed their hours very little as a result of reduced marginal tax rates, while women increased their hours in the order of 10 percent. One can thus conclude that the tax reforms increased gender inequality in workhours. Most of this effect comes directly from the tax changes and not through a change in the after tax net wage, a result that is not explained by a conventional myopic labor supply model with a static budget set.
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Frey, Bruno S., and Reiner Eichenberger, The New Democratic Federalism for Europe – Functional, Overlapping and Competing Jurisdictions
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    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Allen, Franklin and Douglas Gale, Comparing Financial SystemsAntonelli, Christiano, The Microdynamics of Technological ChangeBester, Helmut, Theorie der IndustrieökonomikCoricelli, Fabrizio, Massimo di Matteo and Frank Hahn (eds.), New Theories in Growth and DevelopmentFranses, Philip Hans, Time Series Models for Business and Economic ForecastingFriege, Henning, Claudia Engelhardt und Karl Otto Henseling, Das Management von StoffströmenHecht, Dieter, Stoffpolitik als OrdnungspolitikGawal, Erik, Umweltabgaben zwischen Steuer- und GebührenlösungGerber, Elisabeth R., The Populist Paradox: The Promise of Direct LegislationHeld, Martin, und Hans G. Nutzinger (Hrsg.), Institutionen prägen MenschenKahneman, Daniel, Ed Diener and Norbert Schwarz (eds.), Well-BeingKnödler, Hermann, Inländische Beschäftigungseffekte deutscher DirektinvestionenLaidler, david (ed.), The Foundations of Monetary EconomicsOckenfels, Axel, Fairness, Reziprozität und Eigennutz: ökonomische Theorie und experimentelle EvidenzOlson, Mancur and Sabu Kähkönen (eds.), A Not-So-Dismal-SciencePies, Ingo and Martin Leschke (Hrsg.), Karl Poppers kritischer RationalismusRipperger, Tanja, Ökonomik des VertauensSolow, Robert, Monopolistic Competition and Macroeconomic TheoryWepler, Claus, Europäische Umweltpolitik
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    Notes: Books reviewed:Alvardo, José and John Creedy, Population Ageing, Migration and Social ExpenditureAtkinson, Anthony B., The Economic Consequences of Rolling Back the Welfare StateBaldwi, Richard E., Daniel Cohn, Andre Sapir and Antony Venables (eds.), Market Integration, Regionalism and the Global EconomyBarrell, Ray and Nigel pain (eds.), Innovation, Investment and the Diffusion of Technology in EuropeBuch, Claudia M., Ralph P. Heinrich and Christian Pierdzioch, Foreign Capital and Economic Transformation: Risks and Benefits of Free Capital FlowsClements, Michael P. and David F. Hendry, Forecasting Economic Time SeriesGaliani, Ferdinando, Über das GeldGern, Klaus-Jürgen, Auswirkungen verschiedener Varianten einer negativen Einkommenstaur in DeutschlandGros, Daniel and Niels Thygesen, European Monetary Integration. From the European Monetary System to Economic and Monetary UnionGrosser, Dieter, Das Wagnis der Wäl;hrungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozial-union: Politische Zwänge im Konflikt mit ökonomischen RegelnHart, Robert A. and Seiichi Kawasaki, Work and Pay in JapanHettich, Walter and Stanley L. Winer, Democratic Choice and TaxationKirchgässner, Gebhard, Lars P. Feld und Marcel R. Savioz, Die direkte Demokratie – modern, erfolgreich, entwicklungs- und exportfähigLindencrona, Gustaf, Sven-Olaf Lodin and Bertil Eiman (eds.), International Studies in Taxation: Law and EconomicsMcNamara, Kathleen R., The Currency of IdeaMilner, Chris (ed.), Developing and Newly Industrializing Countries. Volume I and IIPhlips, Louis (ed.), Applied Industrial EconomicsPyka, Andreas, Der kollektive InnovationsprozessSpulber, Daniel F., Market Microstructure: Intermediaries and the Theory of the FirmWeikard, Hans-Peter, Wahlfreiheit für zukünftige Generationen. Neue Grundlagen für eine Ressourcenökonomik
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    Notes: Using references in Swedish patent data, we examine technology sourcing in Swedish multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and non-multinational small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results show that both types of firms are more likely to make references to countries with large patent stocks and to countries that are located close to Sweden. Trade and FDI also seem to facilitate the transfer of foreign technology to Sweden. However, trade contacts seem to be more important for technology sourcing in SMEs than in MNEs. Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a channel for the diffusion of foreign technology to both home-country MNEs and SMEs.
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Turnout at elections cannot be easily explained by reference to instrumental rationality. The probability that any individual voter will alter an electoral outcome is miniscule and the net expected utility from voting is likely to be negative. Instead, high rates of turnout are explained by the consumption gains arising from the act of voting. This paper distinguishes between utility derived from fulfilling a civic duty and utility derived from expressing a political preference. Both considerations affect turnout but a test of the determinants of the decision of whether to vote and the decision of how to vote reveals that perceptions of the importance of civic duty are important when deciding whether to vote. Differences in preference for the political parties, differences in perceptions of policy certainty and differences in the integrity attributed to representatives of political parties are important when explaining how individuals vote. The implication is that intrinsic motivation is important when individuals consider whether or not to vote and the utility from expressive voting is more relevant when explaining how individuals vote. It follows that it is possible to explain high turnout rates even when there are periods of ‘consensus politics’. Moreover, policy designed to maintain standards in public life should be framed to ‘crowd in’ intrinsiv motivation.
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: This article relates to the view expressed by Pigou and Keynes that whatever factors affect the demand for goods it is ultimately producers' expectations and plans that determine the level of output. We build on this notion in order to address the question how changes in monetary policy affect output in Switzerland. For this purpose we study data on expected and actual output collected by the business cycle research center(KOF) at the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich. The econometric analysis documents that monetary affect output only by their impact on expectations of entrepreneurs. This finding contradicts the new classical view of the propagation of monetary shocks.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Wage expectations can play a significant role in a variety of economic areas. This study analyses the wage expectations of students who are on the verge of making a decision concerning their educational path or who have already reached such a decision. Since each student in our study has been asked to discuss expectations in relation to various educational scenarios, this data can be used to check certain human capital theory assumptions. It is possible to ascertain the wage effects which students expect from certain educational decisions. Moreover it is possible to assess the expected rates of return on education without asking the students directly. The results of this study make it clear that both in the USA and in Switzerland the wage expectations of students do not differ significantly from the cross-sectional labor market data, despite considerable heterogeneity in some cases.
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    Kyklos 53 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Salvador Barberá;, Peter J〉 Hammond and Christian Seidl (eds), Handbook of Utility TheoryViav Ona Bartkus, The Dynamic of SecessionPaul Beije, Technological Change in the Modern EconomyFrank Daumann, Interessenverbände im politischen ProzessMartin Feldstein, Privatizing Social SecurityBernhard Gahlen, Helmut hesse und Hans-Jürgen Ramser (Hsrg), Verteilungsprobleme der GegenwartNajib Harabi (Hsrg), Soxialpolitik in der BewährungPeter Hedström and Richard Swedberg (eds), Social MechanismsHermann W. HoenThe transformation of Economic Systems in Central EuropeHirosuke KawanishiThe Human Face of Industrial Conflict in Post-War JapanOECDEMU: Facts, Challenges and PoliciesBirger P. PriddatProduktive Kraft, sittliche Ordnung und geistige MachtJørn RattsøFiscal Federalism and State-Local FinanceEkkehart SchlichtOn Customs in the EconomyKlaus Schömann, Ralf Rogowski and Thomas KruppeLabour Market Efficiency in the European UnionKarol Soltan, Eric M. Uslaner and Virginia Haufler (eds),Institutions and Social OrderUnited NationsWorld Investment Report 1998
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 124-139 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Multiview was defined in 1985 and has been since refined to become an influential approach to information systems development. It has soft and hard aspects and, as a contingency approach, is not prescriptive but adapted to the particular situation in the organization and the application. Observations and reflections on Multiview in action over the last ten years together with more recent literature based on, for example, holism, emergence, multi-causality, ethical analysis and technology foresight, form the basis for a new definition of Multiview. Changes in the domain of information systems are also taken into account. Away from centralized technology, long lead times and hierarchical organizations, towards networks, new organizational forms, business processes, informational products and services, and the removal of time and space constraints on human activity. This paper underlines the need for IS researchers to learn about methodologies as they are used in practice (rather than as described in text books) and for methodologies to evolve in response to changes in the domain in which they are applied.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 91-108 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In one particular action research (AR) methodology, information systems prototyping (ISP), the goals are to involve the researcher in a facilitative and collaborative role with stakeholders in the development of an information system that satisfies their collective needs. But what happens when political and structural conflict and coercive action erupts? This article features an AR case, where the development of an electronic patient record in a heart clinic, resulted in a period of intense structural conflict, and the dismissal of an organizational member. Further analysis suggests that four factors can explain these unusual outcomes and their relationship with the use of an ISP method. These include: the specification of measures and perceptions of success within the AR method (goals); general problems with the AR methodology and/or its clear delineation (processes); problems in using a particular AR methodology in a specific time and place (contingency); and problems with the researcher's implementation of the AR processes (implementation). The study also highlights a number of areas for development of ISP.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 353-367 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Both critics and proponents of globalisation tend to assume that it is a uniform process leading to a flattening of the cultural terrain. In contrast, this paper, using examples from Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan and Canada, demonstrates a more complex interaction between traditional cultural practices and modern communication forms. The new information technologies enable universal access to authentic local voice. Archiving social and cultural practices has historically been the business of museums, universities, and indeed oral traditions of song and poetry. New information technologies provide for cultural continuities and reflexivities: they enable the routine archiving of social and cultural practice at a minimal cost through hypertext, Web pages and universal access. The "globalisation of culture", so often discussed, needs to be reframed with reference to this highly overlooked indigenous capability to archive own culture. This paper attempts to provide such a reframing.
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    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 42-59 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Employee empowerment is commonly a fundamental part of the prescriptions offered to improve business performance. However, business process improvement and many other organisational development and change initiatives tend to encapsulate the values of the societies and organisations in which they were developed - and such values are not universal. The case of a business process re-engineering project in Hong Kong illustrates an attempt to empower team members that paradoxically resulted in their psychological enslavement. The roles of cultural differences and reward systems in producing unintended consequences are analysed while the implications of the case for both research and practice are considered.
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    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 139-158 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to persuade the reader of the potential benefits to be gained in applying to the study of information systems in Organisations concepts and theoretical tools developed elsewhere in the social sciences. A framework for analysis derived from a combination of feminist theory and social studies of technology (SST) is presented. The key analytical tools of the script and inscription, interpretative flexibility and actant, stabilisation and visibility are discussed. The paper attempts to demonstrate how these tools can be employed to go beyond the stereotypical images of gender and technology, by focusing on contradiction and resistance. An empirical study concerns an automated care planning system used and resisted by nurse users in a UK National Health Service hospital. The discussion is informed by a resultant table describing the outcome of the application of SST tools as well as points made concerning the issue of gender and technology.
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    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 210-226 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: In this paper, I examine the mediating effect of project planning on the link between three project uncertainty variables (project size, project diversity, and technical complexity) and IT project success in a developing country. The proposed model is validated using a field survey of 42 IT project leaders from Kuwait. The overall findings give support to the proposed model and to the role of project planning as a mediator between project uncertainty and project success. However, the results challenge the traditional conception by past IT implementation research regarding the direct negative role of uncertainty in IT projects. This finding may be understood in light of the different manifestations that uncertainty may have for IT projects in developing countries. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 306-320 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Presents a theoretical approach to understanding the local culture of firms in the multinational information sector. Called situating culture, this approach holds that cultural understanding is locally situated, behavioral and embedded in everyday, socially negotiated work practices. The application of this theory is provided through cases from the workplace cultures of US multinational IT firms operating in Ireland. These examples show how the local culture of a global IT firm represents the interaction of industry, corporate and national contexts. It results in locally situated work practices and distinct socially negotiated realities that ultimately impact behavior in these settings. The theoretical approach of situating culture contributes to a better understanding of contextualism in the cross-cultural IT environment. This understanding, in turn, has implications for future cross-cultural IS research as well as for cross-cultural IT practice.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many organizations have moved from stand-alone business information systems applications to integrated enterprise-wide systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP). The implementation of ERP packages has created an opportunity to re-engineer business processes within and beyond the organizational scope. Most notably, SAP R/3 has been widely implemented to create value-oriented business processes that enable a high level of integration, improve communication within internal and external business networks, and enhance the decision-making process. Though many organizations have reported dramatic improvements from SAP R/3 implementation, others have experienced difficulties in getting the R/3 modules aligned with other business components and systems. This paper describes a case study of a failed implementation of SAP R/3 to re-engineer the business processes of a major manufacturer. Lessons in terms of factors that led to failure and their future implications are discussed in the light of the contrasting experiences of several best practice companies.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 132-156 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article addresses service marketing and service delivery over the Internet. Some service activities - information, education and entertainment - can be delivered as well as promoted over the Internet. An empirical study focusing on museums has been carried out. The purpose has been to describe the current use of the Internet by Swedish museums and propose some strategies with regard to its value as a service delivery tool. The 371 Swedish museums that have a homepage have been examined. Of these, 156 museums operate their own Web site. The study has consisted of a content analysis of the sites as well as a questionnaire study and two preliminary in-depth interviews. A cluster analysis was carried out, resulting in four groups being defined. It is found that the use of the Internet is still in its infancy. Three strategies for Internet service delivery are proposed.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 333-358 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intranets hold great promise as "organizational Internets" to allow information sharing and collaboration across departments, functions and different information systems within an organization. Yet not much is known about how to implement intranets. We adapt a taxonomy based on institutional theory and distinguish six broad diffusion drivers that might be considered to sustain the implementation process. An exploratory field study of four intranet implementations was conducted to analyze which drivers were used and the results that were yielded. We draw several conclusions. First, all six drivers were deployed in the analyzed cases. Second, the choice of drivers varied with the level of the intranet (corporate or unit), the implementation stage, and existing organizational practices and contingencies. Third, it seems that the critical drivers are knowledge building, subsidy and mobilization in the early stages of implementation. In the later stages knowledge deployment, subsidy and innovation directives were most commonly used.
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    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 27-46 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Information systems for production management tend to be promoted by technology suppliers as standardised solutions which form a singular "best practice". However, as these technologies are configurational, the notion of best practice is illusory. Data on the diffusion and design of information systems for production management across four European countries indicate distinctive national differences. It is argued that these can best be explained at two levels: first, national differences in the social institutional networks through which information about these systems is diffused socially shapes patterns of adoption and design; second pre-existing patterns of work design and managerial practices may influence the degree of "fit" between particular design philosophies and prevailing organizational contexts in different countries. Differences in the particular roles of professional association networks and technology suppliers in the diffusion process are explained in terms of different patterns of knowledge sharing across countries.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 440-460 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Despite discussions of the increasingly global character of information systems (IS), IS research remains highly "Western-centric" both in terms of its subjects of study and the nationalities of the authors. Researchers interested in IS in non-Western settings are thus reliant on a fragmented and not easily accessible literature that presents a potentially distorted picture of IS practice in these regions. This paper explores this situation through an examination of the literature relating to IS in Egypt (both directly, but also as a Middle Eastern, Arab or Islamic country). A macro analysis of these studies indicates that they are predominantly positivistic in epistemology, quantitative in methodology and focused on economic development and national culture. Although many of the studies make comparisons with other countries in the region, the explicit, or sometimes implicit, point of reference is almost invariably with "the West". This is repeated in a detailed analysis of individual studies. Implications of these findings for research on IS in non-Western settings are discussed.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 87-101 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), companies must provide customers with disabilities access to their "physical" stores. With the advent of the pure Web store, some wonder if the ADA will extend into "cyberspace". So, are companies ready? This study assesses Web sites to determine their readiness. Results reveal that only 9 percent of the sites have accessible home pages.
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    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 234-262 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article challenges the tendency of the information systems literature to subsume IT innovation in processes of organizational change, either with the role of "enabler" of organizational objectives, or as an instrument appropriated by situated organizational actors. Using institutionalist theory, the relationship between information systems development and organizational transformation is studied as the interaction of two institutionalization processes: the increasing momentum and legitimation of IT innovation; and the organizational efforts for the substitution of established structures and activities with new ones which often do not command adequate legitimacy. Such analysis suggests that IT innovation in organizations is to a large extent sustainable by its own institutional forces, irrespective of contribution to the processes of organizational change. This perspective is demonstrated with the case study of the Mexican oil company, Pemex, where IT projects have played a large part in its transformation from a state-owned to private enterprise.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 12-27 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the role and problems of the socio-technical action researcher at different stages of a project. It is based on the author's personal experience when using action research as a method for assisting the successful democratic design and implementation of information systems.
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    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 313-327 
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    Notes: Assumptions about an object under study can influence research in many ways. These preconceptions color the researcher's perspective, and influence the research purpose, the research questions addressed, and the research methods used. This paper identifies and analyzes the following assumptions regarding information systems methodology (ISM) research: the positive impact of methodologies on the process and product of information system design; the irrationality of design practice; the existence of knowledge about good design practice; the ability to communicate design knowledge to practicing designers; and the ability to change the rationality of design practitioners. The impact of these assumptions on ISM research is examined for the purpose of highlighting limitations of past research and identifying more promising directions for the future.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 78-90 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Effective meeting facilitation is recognised as a critical factor in group support systems (GSS) use but relatively little is known about how organisations can train and develop their "electronic meeting facilitators". This article describes an action learning (AL) approach to the training of GSS facilitators. It begins with a description of the three schools of AL. The application of the "experiential" school of AL in GSS facilitation training is then explained. Finally, the article describes some lessons learned for both practitioners and researchers.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 93-110 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes Jordan's strategy to develop a strong ICT sector that will be internationally competitive. This strategy is analysed in two ways. First, by a comparison with two countries, Ireland and Singapore, with similarities as nation states and which are widely seen as successful in promoting and sustaining strong ICT sectors. Second, through an analysis of Jordan as a competition state where the role of the state is being redefined so as to implement policies in a globalising world. It is found that Jordan exhibits many of the characteristics of a competition state in terms of the promotion of mixtures of public and private partnerships and in developing relations with international agencies and multinational enterprises to create a strong ICT sector. Using these analyses, the prospects for Jordan's initiative are assessed and issues that will be of importance for its success are pointed out.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 259-265 
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    Notes: Knowledge management (KM) research lacks a common conceptual core; it is cross-disciplinary, addresses a wide variety of phenomena, and has difficulty distinguishing itself from many related areas of research. The result is a fragmented field that is itself artificially split from the related literature on organizational learning. KM may be progressing through a predictable life-cycle that could end in collapse of the KM concept unless researchers can develop more integrative core theories of learning- and knowledge-related phenomena in organizations. The diverse body of organizational learning and knowledge management research provides an impressive foundation for the synthesis of such broader theories of learning and knowledge that are creative, new, and integrative.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 306-325 
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    Notes: Personal knowledge exchanges refer to Web-based institutions that facilitate the matching of individual sources and recipients of knowledge, structure their interaction, set ground rules for price discovery and support the transfer of knowledge. While these exchanges are patterned on electronic marketplaces for tangible products, they need to accommodate the often tacit, situated and complex nature of knowledge and the challenges associated with its transfer and assimilation. It is by recognizing the specific characteristics of knowledge and associated learning processes that knowledge exchanges can enhance their value for members. Based on theory-driven insights and case studies of first-mover enterprises, implications for research and practice related to the design of personal knowledge exchanges are discussed.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 419-439 
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    Notes: This paper takes a social shaping of technology approach to identify and explain sources of conflict in the design or enhancement of corporate Web sites. Data from a multi-case field study show how Web site classification schemes embedded in Web site design elements created intra-organizational conflicts because the schemes could not equally accommodate different sub-units' customer requirements. Interview data demonstrate Web managers' perceptions that Web classification schemes privileged certain sets of customer needs, and Web managers' actions to shape the design of classification schemes to satisfy their perceived customer needs. Data analysis identified three design elements of Web sites associated with sub-unit conflict: classification categories, templates and tool bars, and database entities and attributes.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 31-52 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are widely used by large corporations around the world. Recently, universities have turned to ERP as a means of replacing existing management and administration computer systems. This article provides analysis of the rollout of an ERP system in one particular institution in the UK, the particular focus being on how the development, implementation and use of both generic and university specific functionality is mediated and shaped by a fundamental and long standing tension within universities: this is the extent to which higher education institutions are organisations much like any other and the extent to which they are "unique". The aim of this article is not to attempt to settle this issue of similarity/difference in one way or another. Rather, it seeks to illustrate the value of taking discussions of similarity relationships surrounding the university and other organisations as the topic of analysis. One way of working with these kinds of issues without resolving them is to consider their "distribution" and where ERP shifts the responsibility for their final resolution. This is a novel and insightful way of understanding how ERP systems are refashioning the identity of universities. The article suggests, moreover, that ERP software is "accompanied" by such tensions in which ever site it is implemented. The research presented here is based on a participant observation study carried over the period of three years.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 116-123 
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    Notes: In this editorial introduction Allen Lee's definition of the information systems (IS) field is taken as the starting point: "Research in the information systems field examines more than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two systems side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact" (Lee, A. "Editorial", MISQ, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2001, p. iii). By emphasizing the last part of this, it is argued that actor-network theory (ANT) can provide IS research with unique and very powerful tools to help us overcome the current poor understanding of the information technology (IT) artifact (Orlikowski, W. and Iacono, S., "Research commentary: desperately seeking the 'IT' in IT research - a call for theorizing the IT artifact", Information Systems Research, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2001, pp. 121-34). These tools include a broad range of concepts describing the interwoven relationships between the social.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 210-238 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This study investigates the potential of actor-network theory (ANT) for theory development on information technology project escalation, a pervasive problem in contemporary organizations. In so doing, the study aims to contribute to the current dialogue on the potential of ANT in the information systems field. While escalation theory has been used to study "runaway" IT projects, two distinct limitations suggest a potential of using ANT: First, there is a need for research that builds process theory on escalation of IT projects. Second, the role of technology as an important factor (or actor) in the shaping of escalation has not been examined. This paper examines a well-known case study of an IT project disaster, the computerized baggage handling system at Denver International Airport, using both escalation theory and ANT. A theory-comparative analysis then shows how each analysis contributes differently to our knowledge about dysfunctional IT projects and how the differences between the analyses mirror characteristics of the two theories. ANT is found to offer a fruitful theoretical addition to escalation research and several conceptual extensions of ANT in the context of IT project escalation are proposed: embedded actor-networks, host actor-networks, swift translation and Trojan actor-networks.
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    Information, technology & people 15 (2002), S. 346-361 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the influence of computer guidelines and the belief in universal moral rules on ethical intentions regarding the use of computers in the workplace. The results revealed that the interaction between computer guidelines and belief in universal moral rules was significant. Business professionals with a strong belief in universal moral rules exhibited high ethical intentions, regardless of whether or not their organization had clear guidelines concerning the use of company computers. However, for business professionals with a low belief in universal moral rules, the presence of clear computer guidelines had a positive effect on ethical intentions. This investigation provides evidence that computer guidelines are positively related to ethical intentions only for individuals who do not adhere to a belief in universal moral rules.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 9-20 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This study describes the state of the Internet in Arab countries. It reports certain Internet characteristics and e-commerce issues in the region and brings some of the critical challenges facing the diffusion of the Internet and its applications in Arab countries to the attention of policy makers in these nations. Overall, the review reveals that most Arab countries still have a long way to cover before being able to fully realize the benefits of the Internet.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 76-92 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The aim of the paper is to move beyond globalisation as a concept and explore processes of globalisation that are linked to ICTs, using Egypt as an example. The paper explores how ICTs have been linked to economic and social development by international agencies such as the UNDP and the World Bank. It focuses on the national initiatives of the Egyptian government to facilitate development through ICTs and shows the variety of agents - other governments, multinationals, international development agencies, new government agencies, local companies - necessary in these plans. We argue that ICT facilitated development has led to the formation of new, and more complex, networks of relations where ICTs act as a common point of interest and where the roles of these diverse actors are redefined in this process. The example of Oracle and the installation of an ERP system in an Egyptian company are used to illustrate these points.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 157-182 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The design of viable, small-scale community spaces on the Net is often a hit-or-miss affair. To better understand promising approaches in this design space, it is necessary to go back in time to examine an earlier community technology. A field study is presented of The Castle, a dial-up bulletin board system, that focuses on Disneyland. As a "gathering place for Disney enthusiasts", The Castle is a fascinating, albeit eccentric, online community. The Castle's centrality in the fans' interest network allows it to function as a collecting point. Here people find similar enthusiasts and even those with insider knowledge. Yet, because of the cost structure of dial-up access (an accidental side-effect of the technology), participants are overwhelmingly geographically local, which has useful consequences for social maintenance. It is argued that the geographical locality and centrality of interest allow The Castle to thrive. Most importantly, however, the combination of the two together creates a powerful social dynamic which has been lost in most contemporary online communities.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 203-234 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The literature about the development of information systems tends to concentrate on methodologies, techniques and tools. There is significant published research about the potential negative aspects of using methodologies and tools (along with that discussing their potential benefits). Techniques, on the other hand, are seen largely as benign, very often as simple aids to help carry out a task, and are used in many methodologies. They might be seen as supporting the collection, collation, analysis, representation or communication of information about system requirements and attributes (or a combination of these). However, it is argued in this paper that techniques also have negative aspects and there are as many dangers in their use as in using methodologies and tools. In particular, techniques may restrict understanding by framing the ways of thinking about the problem situation. In other words, people's understanding of a problem can be profoundly influenced by how the problem is presented to them by the technique. Different development techniques can represent the same problem situation differently, and the way in which it is represented has considerable potential for influencing problem understanding and resultant decision making. Drawing on the cognitive psychology literature enables one to show how specific visual and linguistic characteristics of techniques may influence problem understanding. In addition, examining the taken-for-granted paradigm of a particular technique provides a further dimension influencing problem understanding. This knowledge of visual/language and paradigm attributes is applied to over 80 techniques used to a greater or lesser extent in IS development, indicating how different types of technique are likely to influence problem cognition. This serves two purposes. First, it exposes potential biases of a particular technique and makes users aware of the potential dangers. Second, the overall categorization may provide guidance to users in selecting appropriate techniques and combinations of techniques to help reduce any negative framing influences, provide a more holistic view of a problem situation and support a more appropriate problem-learning environment.
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    Information, technology & people 16 (2003), S. 394-418 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Looking back over the 1990s, it is easy to see the widespread troubles of many ventures that depended upon advanced IT applications, including business process re-engineering projects, enterprise systems, knowledge management projects, online distance education courses, and, famously, some of the dot-com businesses. These "troubles" vary from substantial underperformance (i.e. projects that were much more costly and/or produced much less social or business value than most of the participating IT professionals anticipated) and many outright failures. Many of these "troubles" could have been avoided (or at least ameliorated) if the participating IT professionals had much more reliable and critical understanding of the relationships between IT configurations, socio-technical interventions, social behavior of other participants in different roles, and the dynamics of organizational and social change. Social informatics is the name of the field that studies and theorizes this topic, and is discussed in more detail in this paper. The key issue addressed in this paper is who will produce social informatics research for IT professionals, and where will they learn about important findings, theories, design approaches, etc.? The paper examines the record of computer science in the US as a major contributor to the relevant research and teaching. It also examines the possibilities for new kinds of academic programs - sometimes called "information schools" and "IT schools" - that are being developed to expand beyond the self-imposed boundaries of computer science and to integrate some organizational and social research as sites for social informatics.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 8-30 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Argues that the organizational involvement of large scale information technology packages, such as those known as enterprise resource planning (ERP), has important implications that go far beyond the acknowledged effects of keeping the organizational operations accountable and integrated across functions and production sites. Claims that ERP packages are predicated on an understanding of human agency as a procedural affair and of organizations as an extended series of functional or cross-functional transactions. Accordingly, the massive introduction of ERP packages to organizations is bound to have serious implications that precisely recount the procedural forms by which such packages instrument organizational operations and fashion organizational roles. The conception of human agency and organizational operations in procedural terms may seem reasonable yet it recounts a very specific and, in a sense, limited understanding of humans and organizations. The distinctive status of framing human agency and organizations in procedural terms becomes evident in its juxtaposition with other forms of human action like improvisation, exploration or playing. These latter forms of human involvement stand out against the serial fragmentation underlying procedural action. They imply acting on the world on loose premises that trade off a variety of forms of knowledge and courses of action in attempts to explore and discover alternative ways of coping with reality.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 53-70 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Although we now know much about children's use of information and communications technologies, researchers have yet to consider adequately the roles that children play in shaping adults' computer use. Via household survey data from a randomised sample of 1,001 adults and in-depth interview data from 100 of these initial respondents, this paper explores the meditating roles of children in: the purchasing/acquisition of computers by adults; adults' access to computers; the level and nature of adults' use (and non-use) of computers; how adults learn to use computers; and how adults are supported when using computers. The paper concludes that while children play a variety of roles in adults' (non)adoption and (non)use of computers this influence is often tempered by a range of other factors and, indeed, should not be overstated. For example, while children appear to be a significant "official" factor in parents' and grandparents' adoption of computers they were rarely the sole reason for adults investing time and money in ICT - with a range of other self-orientated reasons usually in attendance. In terms of adults' access to and use of ICT, the demands of children to use computers were a mitigating but not always dominant factor to be considered by parents. Similarly, children appear to play a peripheral role in supporting adults' use of ICT. The paper concludes by considering how the role of children in adults' use of ICT would appear to be often more symbolic than practical;, e.g. as an official justification for buying/adopting a computer rather than as a strong and sustained guiding force.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 150-170 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article juxtaposes the history of the book to the current discussions about lay health information on the Internet in order to thoroughly open up the notion of "reliability" that underlies these discussions. It uses the parallels between the two media to improve understanding of what actors are involved and what issues are at stake, as well as how this is consequential for the reliability that is constructed.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 186-209 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Much of IT research focuses on issues of adoption and adaptation of established technology artifacts by users and organizations and has neglected issues of how new technologies come into existence and evolve. To fill this gap, this paper depicts a complex picture of technology evolution to illustrate the development of Web browser technology. Building on actor-network theory as a basis for studying complex technology evolution processes, it explores the emergence of the browser using content analysis techniques on archival data from 1993-1998. Identifies three processes of inscribing, translating, and framing that clarify how actors acted and reacted to each other and to the emergent technological definition of the browser. This spiral development pattern incorporates complex interplay between base beliefs about what a browser is, artifacts that are the instantiation of those beliefs, evaluation routines that compare the evolving artifact to collective expectations, and strategic moves that attempt to skew the development process to someone's advantage. This approach clarifies the complex interdependence of disparate elements that over time produced the Web browser as it is known today.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 303-326 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The central purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that managers of several IT companies, during the dot-com bubble, used the myths that were readily available in the wider American culture of the time to motivate and manipulate their employees. These managers motivated their employees to put in long hours at the worksite, to be continually on-call, to intensify their work pace, and to self police their co-programming teams. The methods used were qualitative social research including interviews, observations, self-reported organizational charts and time diaries. This is a single case study conducted during a specific period of time. The implications discussed in this paper may provide insight to the managers of IT personnel who seek to motivate their employees to greater efficiency. This paper adds to a discussion on the role of myth in managing IT personnel.
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    Information, technology & people 17 (2004), S. 407-422 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The use of information technology in rural and underserved settings is receiving increasing attention because of the immense potential it brings for improving the quality of life and reducing the digital divide. However, high costs coupled with infrastructure and context-related inhibitors tend to dilute the advantages that are often taken as a set of givens. In this paper we present a case study of a pioneering experience of information system use in a set of villages in southern India. The research proposition for this study is that social processes can form a viable basis for providing sustainability to information communications technology (ICT) initiatives in rural regions. Theoretical support for this study comes from Habermas' theory of communicative action. Given that such information systems are emancipatory in nature, and given that such information systems face many obstacles, the value added by these systems needs to be assessed in terms of their contribution to social capital in addition to economic value added. Our analysis reveals that social processes can be leveraged to accord viability to ICT setups in rural settings. Many social changes, that may have faced resistance or were unexpected, themselves became the reason for keeping the ICT setup. This is so because these changes form the basis of empowerment and a participatory framework that would have been absent earlier. We provide implications for researchers as well as practitioners.
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    Information, technology & people 18 (2005), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Purpose - To extend the work of Rob Kling, whose research interests, and advocacy were at the center of a movement in analytical inquiry and empirical research now known as "social informatics". Design/methodology/approach - Reviews the work of those who engage in social informatics research to strengthen and further the conceptual perspective, analytical approaches, and intellectual contributions of social informatics. Findings - The vibrant and growing international community of active social informatics scholars has assembled a social informatics resource kit that includes: perspective lenses through which research data can be viewed critically; techniques for building theory and developing models from socially rich empirical data; and a common body of knowledge regarding the uses and effects of ICTs. Originality/value - The paper identifies opportunities to engage new scholars in social informatics discussions, and suggests new venues for promoting and extending the work of scholars already enrolled in the social informatics movement.
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    Information, technology & people 9 (1996), S. 49-62 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Describes how IS (information systems) units are currently applying balancing mechanisms to help them address the limitations of organizational structure. IS units require organizational structures that both facilitate partnerships with business unit clients and enable tight co-ordination of computing platforms to strengthen the technology infrastructure. For years, IS executives have recognized that the structure that best supports each objective is counterproductive for the other objective. Thus, they have periodically undertaken major restructuring, which has the effect of alternating between the objectives rather than addressing them simultaneously. Today's IS executives, however, are increasingly attempting to achieve partnership and infrastructure development simultaneously by implementing balancing mechanisms: structural overlays and process enhancements that leverage the strengths of an existing organizational structure while compensating for its limitations. Balancing mechanisms enable the IS function to work towards those dual IS management goals simultaneously, as well as to respond more quickly to today's competitive environment. Also describes individual balancing mechanisms used in Fortune 500 firms and a strategy for implementing suites of mechanisms to achieve IS management goals.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 104-123 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: A survey of senior and influential IT managers explored the related questions of why some senior IT professionals perceive organisational issues to be more important than technical issues, and whether this has a concomitant impact on the treatment of organisational issues. An overall response rate of 63 per cent was achieved from a combined survey of two distinct groups. The results show that there are significant differences in managers' perceptions about the importance of organisational issues which can, to some extent, be explained in terms of organisational size, and to a lesser extent by the favoured development approach. However, these differences in perception appear to have no identifiable relation to the significant differences in the approaches adopted for treating organisational issues. It is suggested that this is due to the difficulties in treating such issues and further research to resolve these difficulties is proposed.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 235-260 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The popularity and explosive growth of the Internet during the past few years have convinced many countries to take a closer look at its potential for aiding economic development. The existing literature presents an aggregate story of success, but the ways in which different countries are adopting these new technologies have received little critical attention. This empirical study of four Latin American countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Peru - delineates a five-phase development process during which each country sustained the momentum of its evolving strategy, grew in competence to forge technological solutions, and gained access to the Internet. The four countries' original goals changed over time, but through experience they perceived new opportunities and established evolving Internet strategies that form the bases of new technological services provided at the national level.
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    Information, technology & people 11 (1998), S. 338-350 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article focuses on some of the implications of Heidegger's pragmatism for information technology analysis and critique. I survey Heidegger's transformation of Enlightenment notions such as identity, proximity, community, disembodiment, pattern, representation and utopia to the phenomenological concepts of Dasein, care, being-with, corporality, praxis, disclosure and the not-yet. Each of these concepts return us to the issue of practice.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 27-43 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The changing role of technology in the virtual workplace has been accompanied by a proliferation of research activity focusing initially on the technical aspects and, more recently, on the social and political aspects of the diffusion process, including power and politics. This paper builds on the work of Kling and Markus on power and politics in IT, extending it to e-mail and more specifically, to the use of e-mail for petty tyranny. Reviews the literature on petty tyranny and its implications to IT and e-mail. Presents a case study in which e-mail was used by a department chair to manipulate, control, and coerce employees. The discussion links the events in the case with the literature on petty tyranny. In conclusion, demonstrates that e-mail features make it amenable to political abuse and elaborates on the more general, theoretical, practical and ethical implications from this research.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 148-176 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Based on recent reviews regarding its use in information systems (IS) studies, this paper argues that action research is still not well recognized by IS researchers and mainstream IS journals especially in North America. To make the situation worse, existing criteria used to assess the quality of action research studies are found to be inadequate when applied to IS. In order to advance its understanding and use by IS researchers and practitioners, the IS action research framework proposed recently by Lau is refined and presented as a set of guidelines in this paper. The implications of this refined framework on IS research and practice are discussed.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 238-252 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper considers the problems of evaluating the benefits of an investment in information technology and systems against a background of institutional change. It is based on a case study in the National Health Service and follows the progress of a project to introduce benefits realisation in NHS Trusts. The case illustrates the importance of personal, hands-on attention to benefits management and calls attention to the different contingencies faced by managers in attempting to introduce evaluation or benefits realisation schemes. It concludes that, where managers face "certain" contingencies, formative evaluation will be beneficial, but where the contingencies are uncertain, structural changes in the organisation may be more effective in achieving benefits. The paper ends with a plea for evaluation activities to be re-integrated into their organisational context.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 287-303 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This paper describes our experiences from a two-year research study to introduce evidence-based practice (EBP) through a set of electronic information tools into two Canadian health regions. The improvisational model of technological change by Orlikowski and Hofman (1997) is used to provide the conceptual foundations for understanding the pattern of evolution associated with the tools observed in these two settings over time. Key areas to consider when changing practice identified from this study are time availability, intended use, adequate training, clinical champions, work practice fit, system refinement, around-the-clock support and environment influence. Health organizations should also distinguish anticipated, emergent and opportunistic changes and improvise accordingly when introducing EBP information tools in a setting that is characteristically complex, dynamic and unpredictable.
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    Information, technology & people 12 (1999), S. 389-402 
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    Notes: Increased demand for organized home help for elderly and disabled people and parallel budget cuts of social care require new efficient solutions to save home-helpers' time and ensure the current quality of provided services. A number of trials for renewing grocery purchasing process as a part of home help for the elderly and disabled have lately been initiated in Finland. In all but one of these trials electronic commerce (EC) services are included in the purchase process. In this article we compare these trials using the time efficiency of home-helpers as a primary criterion. Using electronic order delivery gives even additional benefits, releasing the home-helper from the need to visit the grocery store. The Full EC Model would be the best solution. However, it might not be feasible for most customers, who do not necessarily have the technology or ability to use it. Therefore, the intermediary based EC seems to be most suitable for this customer group.
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    Information, technology & people 13 (2000), S. 85-101 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: This article attempts to gain an understanding of the current and potential impact of the Internet on the four-fifths of the world's population living in developing countries, two-thirds of them poor. First, it attempts to put today's rapid advances in information and communication technology in a broader debate about development and the role of information. Next, it explores the interaction between the Internet and key dimensions of development. Finally, it discusses some key policy implications of Internet diffusion and usage which governments of developing countries will have to address. These include an increasing role for intermediary institutions in the creation and dissemination of relevant knowledge on the Internet in order that the technology is used in a way that is compatible with local development goals.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 163-183 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are reshaping many industries, often by reshaping how information is shared. However, while the effects and uses of ICT are often associated with organizations (and industries), their use occurs at the individual level. To explore the relationships between individual uses of ICT and changes to organization and industry structures, we examined the residential real estate industry. As agents, buyers and sellers increase their uses of ICT, they also change how they approach their daily work. The increasing uses of ICT are simultaneously altering industry structures by subverting some of the realtors' control over information while also reinforcing the existing contract-based structures. This structurational perspective and our findings help to explain why information intermediaries persist when technology-based perspectives would suggest their disappearance.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 142-162 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The 1995 EU Directive on data protection legislation (DPL) ensures free flow of data within the EU. However, the transfer to countries without adequate DPL is generally forbidden. The effect of this Directive on the business of MNCs is still unknown but a few authors foresee major problems for MNCs doing business in Europe. On the eve of the implementation of the new EU data protection directive this preliminary study investigated some of the effects the new DPL Directive might have on MNCs doing business in Europe as seen by representatives of European and US MNCs. The study found that especially those companies transferring customer data across national boundaries are most affected by strict DPL. However, the effects mentioned by interviewees were, in contrast with popular literature on this topic, not exclusively negative. Several positive effects of strict privacy guidelines for MNCs could also be identified.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 247-260 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Analyzes the improvements in organizational behaviour needed to maximize the efficiency of information systems (IS). For this purpose, studies the mutual relationships among information technologies (IT), IS and organizational culture. Then, focuses on how the organizational culture influences this specific process distinguishing between informatic culture and informational culture, the latter being the one allowing an adequate implementation and development of the IS. Finally, underlines the cultural consistency which the implementation of an IS requires. In order to do this, measures the degree of technical and financial feasibility of the IS regarding the quantitative and measurable effort an organization must make to implement it, together with the consistency of this system with the pre-existing culture. When considering the need for a cultural change, argues that the best choice is a "bubble-like" cultural implementation.
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    Information, technology & people 14 (2001), S. 334-352 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Managing knowledge is a value-creating process in most organizations and is particularly important in knowledge-intensive firms. Explores the ways in which groupware might facilitate processes of knowledge creation within a particular type of knowledge-intensive firm. Based on a case study analysis of an expert consultancy where e-mail was used successfully for information and knowledge search, and Lotus Notes was used with mixed results in project working, argues that the complexity of articulating the knowledge creation process can be reduced by using e-mail. Furthermore, e-mail, when considered in context, is potentially a rich medium for the development of collective knowledge over time despite its purported lean characteristics. Also concludes that, although distributed Lotus Notes databases can obviously alleviate temporal and spatial complexity, this media lacks the richness required for complex processes of knowledge creation. Thus, where temporal and spatial constraints do not exist, there will be substantial barriers for using groupware to support processes of knowledge creation in this type of knowledge-intensive firm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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