ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: The interplay between Geology and Biology has shaped the Earth from the early Precambrian, 4 billion years ago. Moving beyond the borders of the classical core disciplines, Geobiology strives to identify cause-and-effect chains and synergisms between the geo- and the biospheres that have been driving evolution of life in modern and ancient environments. Combining modern methods, geobiological information can be extracted not only from visible remains of organisms, but also from organic molecules, rock fabrics, minerals, isotopes and other tracers. Exploring these processes and their signatures also creates enormous applied potentials with respect to issues of environment protection, public health, energy and resource management. The Encyclopedia of Geobiology is designed as a key reference for students, researchers, teachers, and the informed public to provide basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding discipline at the interface between modern geo- and biosciences.

Description / Table of Contents: Acetogens.-Acid Rock Drainage.- Acidophiles.-Acritarchs.- Aerobic Metabolism.-Algae (Eukaryotic) .-Alkalinity.-Amber.-Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane with Sulfate.-Anaerobic Transformation Processes, Microbiology.-Anammox.-Animal Biocalcification, Evolution.-Animal Skeletons, Advent.-Archaea.-Arsenic.-Asteroid and Comet Impacts.-Astrobiology.-Bacteria.-Bacterioplankton.-Banded Iron Formations.-Basalt (Glass, Endoliths) .-Beggiatoa.-Biodeterioration (of Stone).-Bioerosion.-Biofilms.-Biofilms and Fossilization.- Biogeochemical Cycless.- Biological Control on Diagenesis: Influence of Bacteria and Relevance to Ocean Acidification.-Biological Volcanic Rock Weathering.-Biomarkers (Molecular Fossils). -Biomarkers (Organic, Compound-Specific Isotopes).- Biomining (Mineral Bioleaching, Mineral Biooxidation).-Bioprotection.- Biosignatures in Rocks.- Biosilicification.- Black Shales.- Breakup of Rodinia.- Calcareous Algae.- Calcification.-Calcified Cyanobacteria.-Calcite Precipitation, Microbially Induced.-Calcium Biogeochemistry.-Cap Carbonates.-Carbon (Organic, Cycling) .-Carbon (Organic, Degradation) .-Carbon Cycle.-Carbon Isotopes.-Carbonate Environments.-Carbonates.-Cathodoluminescence Microscopy.-Chemolithotrophy.-Cherts.-Chondrites.-Chroococcidiopsis.-Clay Authigenesis, Bacterial.-Coccolithophores.-Cold Seeps.-Comets.-Commensalism.-Community.-Copper.-Cosmic Molecular Clouds.-Critical Intervals in Earth History.-Cryobiosphere.-Cyanobacteria.-Deep Biosphere of Salt Deposits.-Deep Biosphere of Sediments.-Deep Biosphere of the Oceanic Deep Sea.-Deep Fluids.-Degradation (of Organic Matter) .-Denitrification.-Desert Varnish.-Detachment.-Diatoms.-Dinoflagellates.-Divalent Earth Alkaline Cations in Seawater.-Diversity.-Dolomite, Microbial.-Early Earth.-Early Precambrian Eukaryotes.-Ecological Niche.-Ediacaran Biota.-Endoliths.-Endosymbiosis.-Evaporites.-Exoenzymes.-Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) .-Extreme Environments.-Fe(II)-Oxidizing Prokaryotes.-Fe(III)-Reducing Prokaryotes.-Fermentation.-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) .-Foraminifera.-Frutexites.-Fungi and Lichens.-Gallionella.-Geobacter.-Geochronology.-Geomycology.-Geyserite.-Glass.-Glaucophytes.-Gold.-Gondwanaland, Formation.-Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) .-Green Algae.-Guild.-Habitat.-Halobacteria Halophiles.-Haptophytes.-Heavy Metals.-Histology.-Hot Springs and Geysers.-Hydrogen.-Hydrothermal Environments, Fossil.-Hydrothermal Environments, Marine.-Hydrothermal Environments, Terrestrial.-Hypersaline Environments.-Ichnology.-Immunolocalization.-Iron Isotopes.-Iron Sulfide Formation.-Isotope Fractionation (Metal) .-Isotopes (Methods) .-Isotopes and Geobiology.-Isotopes, Radiogenic.-Karst Ecosystems.-Lateral Gene Transfer.-Leptothrix.-Magnetotactic Bacteria.-Manganese (Sedimentary Carbonates and Sulfides) .-Mass Extinctions, Phanerozoic.-Mat-Related Sedimentary Structures.-Metagenomics.-Metalloenzymes.-Metallogenium.-Metals, Acquisition by Marine Bacteria.-Meteoritics.-Methane Oxidation (Aerobic) .-Methane, Origin.-Methanogens.-Microbial Biomineralization.-Microbial Communities, Structure, and Function.-Microbial Degradation.-Microbial Ecology of Submarine Caves.-Microbial Mats.-Microbial Silicification Bacteria (or Passive) .-Microbial Surface Reactivity.-Microbialites, Modern.-Microbialites, Stromatolites, and Thrombolites.-Microbial-Metal Binding.-Microbiocorrosion.-Microsensors for Sediments, Microbial Mats, and Biofilms.-Molar-tooth Structure.-Moonmilk.-Mud Mounds.-Mutualism.-Mycorrhizae.-Nan(n)obacteria.-Nanocrystals, Microbially Induced.-Nickel, Biology.-Nitrification.-Nitrogen.-Nitrogen Fixation.-Ores, Microbial Precipitation and Oxidation.-Organic Carbon.-Organomineralization.-Origin of Life.-Origins of the Metazoa.-Parasitism.-Pedogenic Carbonates.-Permafrost Microbiology.-Phosphorus, Phosphorites.-Photosynthesis.-Piezophilic Bacteria.-Pore Waters.-Protozoa (Heterotroph, Eukaryotic) .-Pyrite Oxidation.-Radioactivity (Natural) .-Radiolaria.-Raman Microscopy (Confocal) .-Reduction Spheroids.-Reefs.-Remineralization (of Organic Matter) .-Rhodophyta.-RNA-World.-Saline Lakes.-Salinity History of the Earths Ocean.-Scanning Probe Microscopy (Includes Atomic Force Microscopy) .-Sediment Diagenesis Biologically Controlled.-Selenium.-Shales.-Shewanella.-Siderite.-Siderophores.-Silica Biomineralization, Sponges.-Silicoflagellates.-Sinter.-Skeleton.-Small Shelly Fossils.-Snowball Earth.-Soda Lakes.-Soda Ocean Hypothesis.-Soils.-Species (Microbial) .-Speleothems.-Sponges (Porifera) and Sponge Microbes.-Stromatactis.-Stromatolites.-Subsurface Filamentous Fabrics.-Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.-Sulfide Mineral Oxidation.-Sulfur Cycle.-Sulfur Isotopes.-Symbiosis.-Syntrophy.-Terrestrial Deep Biosphere.-Thioester World.-Thiomargarita.-Thiotrophic Bacteria.-Thrombolites.-Tidal Flats.-TOF-SIMS.-Trace Fossils: Neoproterozoic.-Tufa, Freshwater.-Waulsortian Mud Mounds.-Whale and Wood Falls.-Zinc.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Isotopes in Water. - Isotopes in tree rings. Isotopes in bones and teeth. Isotopes in lake sediments. Isotopes in speleothems. Isotopes in marine sediments.

Description / Table of Contents: Acoustic remote sensing of the ocean environment has seen a remarkable progress in the last ten-fifteen year as a result of an increasing understanding of the experimental techniques and procedures and of the subtleties of the interaction of sound with complex physical and biological processes. This is particularly true in the shallow water environment, where acoustic methods have the potential to allow for a fast and accurate characterization and assessment of the environment. To review the state of the art and the research progress in the field, a workshop was held in the island of Ischia, Italy, in June 2004. Special emphasis has been placed on the experimental applications, to realistically assess their potential and capabilities of the methods proposed.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. An overview of Well Logging.- 2. Introduction to Well Log Interpretation.- 3. Basic Resistivity and Spontaneous Potential.- 4. Empiricism: The Cornerstone of Interpretation.- 5. Resistivity: Electrode Devices and How They Evolved.- 6. Other Electrode and Toroid Devices.- 7. Resistivity: Induction Devices.- 8. Multi-array and Triaxial Induction Devices.- 9. Propagation Measurements.- 10. Basic Nuclear Physics for Logging Applications.- 11. Gamma Ray Devices.- 12. Gamma Ray Scattering and Absorption Measurements.- 13. Basic Neutron Physics for Logging Applications.- 14. Neutron Porosity Devices.- 15. Pulsed Neutron Devices and Spectroscopy.- 16. Nuclear Magnetic Logging.- 17. Introduction to Acoustic Logging.- 18. Acoustic Waves in Porous Rocks and Boreholes.- 19. Acoustic Logging Methods.- 20. High Angle and Horizontal Wells.- 21. Clay Quantification.- 22. Lithology and Porosity Estimation.- 23. Saturation and Permeability Estimation.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. LITHOFACIES AND TRANSPORT OF CLASTIC SEDIMENTS IN KARSTIC AQUIFERS, Rachel Bosch and William B. White.- 2. SEDIMENT AND SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT THROUGH KARST, Barbara J. Mahier et al. - 3. PALAEOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS ON THE BUCHAN CAVES, SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA, PROVIDES A PRE-LATE PLEISTOCENE DATE FOR LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE EVOLUTION, R. J. Musgrave and J. A. Webb - 4. PALEOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF A LONG-TERM SEDIMENT TRAP, KOOKEN CAVE, HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, USA, Ira D. Sasowsky et al. - 5. PROVENANCE O SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DISCHARGED FROM A KARST AQUIFER DETERMINED BY CLAY MINERALOGY F. Leo Lynch et al. - 6. READING VIRGINIA?S PALEOCLIMATE FROM THE GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF CLASTIC CAVE SEDIMENTS, Elizabeth P. Knapp e al. - 7. GLACIALLY-INFLUENCED SEDIMENT CYCLES IN THE LIME CREEK KARST, EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO Paul A, Burger - 8. CAVE SEDIMENTS AND DENUDED CAVERNS IN THE LAKI RAVNIK, CLASSICAL KARST OF SLOVENIA, France uteri - 9. PALEOCLIMATE RECORDS FROM SPELEOTHEMS IN LIMESTONE CAVES, William B. White - 1O. URANIUM-SERIES DATING OF SPELEOTHEMS: CURRENT TECHNIQUES, LIMITS, & APPLICATIONS, Jeffrey A. Dorale et al. - 11. PALEOCLIMATE INFORMATION FROM SPELEOTHEMS: THE PRESENT AS A GUIDE TO THE PAST, Russell S. Harmon et al. - 12 INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON DEVIL?S HOLE CALCITE MORPHOLOGY AND PETROLOGY, Peter T. Kolesar and Alan C. Riggs - 13. SPELEOTHEMS FROM THE HIGH-ALPINE SPANNAGEL CAVE, ZILLERTAL ALPS (AUSTRIA), Christoph Spotl et al. - 14. ISOTOPE STAGE II, THE SUPER-INTERGLACIAL, FROM A NORTH NORWEGIAN SPELEOTHEM, Stein-Erik Lauritzen and Joyce Lundberg. - 15. ESTABLISHING A SPELEOTHEM CHRONOLOGY FOR SOUTHWESTERN OREGON - CLIMATIC CONTROLS AND GROWTH MODELLING, Steven C. Turgeon and Joyce Lundberg. - 6. SILICATES IN CARBONATE SPELEOTHEMS, GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO, U.S.A, Victor J. Polyak and Necip Güven. - 17. RELIQUIAE DILUVIANAE ALTER: LAST INTERGLACIAL FLOOD DEPOSITS IN THE CAVES OF THE WEST INDIES, Donald A. McFarlane and Joyce Lundberg.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Rethinking Sustainability Editor's Introduction; Marco Keiner.-Sustainability Quo Vadis?.- Reflections on Sustainability, Population Growth, and the Environment 2006; Albert A. Bartlett.- Sustainable Development Definitions, Principles, Policies; Herman E. Daly.- Sustainability is Not Enough; Peter Marcuse.-Challenges to Sustainable Development.- Sustainable Development and Urbanization; Marios Camhis.- Sustainable Economies Local or Global?; Helena Norberg-Hodge.- Business and Human Rights; Klaus M. Leisinger.-New approaches.- A New Glasnost for Global Sustainability; Mikhail Gorbachev.- Tools for the Transition to Sustainability; Dennis L. Meadows.- Factor Four and Sustainable Development in the Age of Globalization; Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker.- Ecological Footprint Accounting Comparing Earth's Biological Capacity with an Economy's Resource Demand; Mathis Wackernagel.- Advancing Sustainable Development and its Implementation Through Spatial Planning; Marco Keiner.- Sustainability is Dead Long Live Sustainability; Alan AtKisson.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part 1: Introduction. - Part 2: Analysis Of Initial Rock Slope Failure.- Part 3: Monitoring Of Rock Slope Movement. .- Part 4: Analysis Of Post-Failure Behaviour..- Part 5: Case Studies Of Massive Rock Slope Failure.- Part 6: Volcanic Landslides. - Part 7: Regional Studies Of Massive Rock Slope Failure. - Part 8: Influences On Geomorphological Evolution. - Part 9: State-Of-The-Art.