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  • Artikel  (1.092)
  • photosynthesis  (564)
  • Photosynthesis  (528)
  • Springer  (1.092)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Vitis vinifera ; Empoasca vitis ; leafhopper ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; stomatal conductance ; mesophyll conductance ; growth ; yield ; fruit quality ; starch ; carbohydrate reserves
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The impact of the grape leafhopper,Empoasca vitis, on leaf gas exchange, plant growth, yield, fruit quality and carbohydrate reserves of the grapevines,Vitis vinifera L., was studied. Gas exchange was measured on the discolored (red) and the green parts of infested main leaves and on leaves from uninfested vines. Photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance were severely reduced on main leaves showing leafhopper feeding symptoms. The stomatal conductance of the red leaf section of infested main leaves was lower than on undamaged control leaves. Additionally, the red leaf section of infested main leaves showed lower transpiration rates when compared to the green parts of the same leaves and to undamaged control leaves. Gas exchange processes of lateral leaves were not affected by leafhopper feeding. Leafhopperload on main leaves was correlated to visual damage symptoms. At 71.8 leafhopper-days per leaf up to 40% of the main leaf area of the infested plants was discolored from the borders towards the center. Lateral leaves showed no feeding symptoms. Shoot diameter, pruning weight and carbohydrate reserves in the wood were not affected by leafhoppers. Lateral leaf area growth was significantly stimulated on plants infested by leafhoppers. No decrease in yield and fruit quality with leafhopper-loads up to 71.8 leafhopper-days per leaf were observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 101-102 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Cnaphalocrosis medinalis ; rice leaffolder ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; photosynthesis ; transpiration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Schlagwort(e): Chorella vulgaris ; acid tolerance ; ATPase ; nickel toxicity ; nutrient uptake ; photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract This study concerns the inhibitory effects of acid pH and nickel on growth, nutrient (NO3 - and NH4 +) uptake, carbon fixation, O2 evolution, electron transport chain and enzyme (nitrate reductase and ATPase) activities of acid tolerant and wild-type strains of Chlorella vulgaris. Though a general reduction in all these variables was noticed with decreasing pH, the tolerant strain was found to be metabolically more active than the wild-type. A reduced cation (NH4 +, Na+, K+ and Ca2+) uptake, coupled with a facilitated influx of anions (NH4 +, PO4 3- and HCO3 -), suggested the development of a positive membrane potential in acid tolerant Chlorella. Nevertheless, a tremendous increase in ATPase activity at decreasing pH revealed the involvement of superactive ATPase in exporting H+ ions and keeping the internal pH neutral. A difference in Na+ and K+ efflux of the two strains at decreasing pH suggests there is a difference in membrane permeability. The low toxicity of Ni in the acid tolerant strain may be due to the low Ni uptake brought about by a change in membrane potential as well as in permeability. Hence, the development of superactive ATPase and a change in both membrane potential and permeability not only offers protection against acidity, but also co-tolerance to metals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Schlagwort(e): Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II ; Water oxidation ; Plastoquinone ; Manganese
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The process of photosynthetic water oxidation to dioxygen under proton release takes place via a sequence of four univalent redox steps in a manganese-containing unit. In this mini-review the current state of knowledge is briefly described with special emphasis on the following topics: (a) the nature of the catalytic site, (b) the structure of the redox chemistry of the manganese-containing active site, (c) the ligand structure and the entry of substrate water into the redox cycle, and (d) problems of the stoichiometry of proton release coupled with individual redox steps and the possible role of other cofactors (Cl−, Ca2+).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Schlagwort(e): Phytoplankton ; primary production ; photosynthesis ; optics ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This tutorial was designed for nonbiologists requiring an introduction to the nature and general timescales of phytoplankton responses to physical forcing in aquatic environments. As such, an effort was made to highlight biological markers which might assist in identifying, measuring and/or validating physical processes controlling the variability in the distribution, abundance, composition and activity of phytoplankton communities. Given the recent advances in environmental optics and remote sensing capabilities, a special emphasis was placed on the nature and utility of phytoplankton optical properties in current bio-optical modelling efforts to predict temporal and spatial variability in phytoplankton productivity and growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 1124-1125 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Exhaust emissions ; highway ; motor vehicles ; Norway spruce ; photosynthesis ; transpiration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Six-year-old Norway spruce trees of the same clone were exposed for 10 weeks at the edge of a highway and compared with controls kept in an unpolluted area within 15 km of the first site. Significant differences could be observed with respect to growth, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, all of which were reduced after exposure at the highway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    BioMetals 5 (1992), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Schlagwort(e): Hg2+ toxicity ; cyanobacterium ; Nostoc calcicola ; growth ; photopigments ; nucleic acids ; photosynthesis ; membrane integrity ; nutrient uptake ; enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Toxicological responses of the filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteriumNostoc calcicola Bréb. towards Hg2+ were studied to enumerate the decisive lethal events. In low-dose, long-term experiments (0.05–0.25 μm Hg2+, 10 days), photoautotrophic growth was severely inhibited with concurrent loss of photosynthetic pigments (phycocyanin〉chlorophyll α〉carotenoids) and nucleic acids. The termination of growth after a day 4 exposure to 0.25 μm Hg2+ has been attributed to the complete inhibition ofin vivo photosynthetic activity in the cyanobacterium (O2 evolution〉14CO2 incorporation). The elevated Hg2+ concentrations irreversibly damaged the cell membrance as observed under light microscopy, and as indicated by the leakage of intracellular electrolytes and phycocyanin. In high-dose, short-term experiments (0.5–20.0 μm Hg2+, up to 6 h), thein vivo activities of selected enzymes (glutamine synthetase 〉 nitrate reductase 〉 nitrogenase) were less inhibited by Hg2+ than the uptake of nutrient ions (NH 4 + 〉NO 3 − 〉PO 4 3− ).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 15-21 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): photosynthesis ; physiology ; insect-plant interactions ; Liriomyza trifolii ; celery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les conductances des stomates et du mésophylle, la transpiration et la photosynthèse varient considérablement suivant la position des feuilles dans un pied de céleri (Apium graveolens L.) mais ces paramètres sont identiques pour des folioles opposées. En utilisant de telles folioles comparables, une réduction singificative de l'activité photosynthétique du céleri a été observée lors des dégâts alimentaires par les larves et les adultes de Liriomyza trifolii Burg. (Dipt. Agromyzidae). Dans des essais en champ où des populations de L. trifolii ont été contrôlées avec des insecticides, les nombres de pétioles et de folioles et la hauteur des plantes étaient significativement plus élevés là où les traitements avaient entraîné de faibles densités de mineuses. Dans les parcelles où L. trifolii avait été avantagé, la récolte avait été retardée jusqu'à 3 semaines. Des essais parallèles au laboratoire ont montré que les insecticides utilisés dans ces essais au champ, n'avaient ni accéléré, ni retardé la croissance du céleri. Aucun des paramètres physiologiques mesurés après 1,5 heure ou 7 jours après le traitement n'avait été modifié.
    Notizen: Abstract Stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis varied considerably by within-plant locations on celery (Apium graveolens L.), but specific opposite leaves proved equivalent. Using such comparable leaves, feeding damage by Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae or adults was found to reduce significantly the capacity of celery for photosynthetic activity. In field trials where populations of L. trifolii were manipulated with pesticides, numbers of leaves, plant height, and numbers of petioles per plant were significantly greater in treatments with low leafminer densities. In treatments where L. trifolii was encouraged, harvest was delayed by up to 3 weeks. Related laboratory studies indicated that the pesticides used in the field trial neither promoted nor slowed celery growth. None of the physiological parameters measured at either 1.5 h or 7 days post-treatment was significantly affected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1990), S. 337-354 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorobium ; Photosynthesis ; Quantum efficiency ; Photobioreactor ; Light intensity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The effect of light intensity, surface area of illuminated bioreactor, H2S flow rate and various wavelength regions of light on oxidative sulfur metabolism byChlorobium was examined. The regulation of oxidative sulfur metabolism by light intensity led to the determination of the photobioreaction quantum efficiency (PQE) for this system. This efficiency is defined as the molecules of sulfur (So) produced per photon utilized and can be used in designing a light efficient photobioreactor. Included in our analysis of requirements for a light efficient photobioreactor is a summary of some fed-batch equations which can be used to model a productive path for the formation of sulfur duringChlorobium's photosynthesis. It is suggested that the incorporation of PQE and fed-batch formulae into expressions for wavelength dependent rates of photosynthetic product formation will lead to a more accurate mathematical model for anoxygenic as well as oxygenic photosynthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Allium sativum ; Methyl bromide ; Photosynthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The production of certified garlic propagation material requires measures to be taken against pathogenic nematodes. Methyl bromide (MB) may be used for this purpose, but is known to cause stunting in Allium spp. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal inoculum was applied to the planting furrow after MB treatment. VAM-inoculated plants were larger, had more green leaves, an increased photosynthesis rate, especially at low light intensities, and higher fresh and dry weights than plants in uninoculated plots. The mean bulb weights from uninoculated and VAM-treated plots were 27 g and 51 g respectively. The native or an improved VAM population should be reintroduced after soil disinfection to ensure satisfactory garlic yields.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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