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  • Articles  (94)
  • Civil and Mechanical Engineering  (94)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (94)
  • American Physical Society
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  • Geosciences  (94)
  • Physics
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHEMO-PLASTICITY OF CLAYS SUBJECTED TO STRESS AND FLOW OF A SINGLE CONTAMINANT (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 43-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: plasticity ; contaminated clays ; organic contaminants ; chemical consolidation ; chemical swelling ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Isothermal chemo-elasto-plasticity of clays is discussed, to describe strains induced in clay by permeation of it with a low dielectric constant organic contaminant, in the presence of stress. The strain is crucial in controlling permeability changes in chemically affected clay barriers of landfills and impoundments. The theory encompasses chemical softening or yield surface reduction, coefficient of chemical reversible expansion or contraction due to mass concentration increase, as well as chemical sensitivity of bulk plastic modulus. The experiments on chemistry and stress dependent permeability of Sarnia clay performed by Fernandez and Quigley (1985, 1991) are interpreted using this model. The numerical representations of the chemo-plastic softening function and the chemo-elastic strain function, as well as plastic bulk modulus sensitivity to concentration are evaluated for dioxane and ethanol. Specific requirements for the tests for chemo-plastic behavior of clays are discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THERMOPOROELASTIC COUPLING WITH APPLICATION TO CONSOLIDATION (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: thermoporoelasticity ; coupling ; decoupling ; consolidation ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Based on a fully coupled thermoporoelastic formulation, this paper discusses the general conditions where the coupling should be maintained, and where a partial or full decoupling technique may be applied. This exercise is aimed at providing practical solutions for the coupled thermoporoelastic analyses where excessive manipulations and unreasonable simplifications are minimized. The necessity for full coupling and the justification for decoupling are illustrated in a thermoporoelastic application of a one-dimensional consolidation scenario. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BEYOND FAILURE IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 153-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: constitutive model ; hypoplasticity ; failure ; stability ; granular material ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Recent investigations on the hypoplastic constitutive model for granular materials show that the failure surface can be surpassed by some stress paths. This is contradictory to the conventional definition of failure surface in plasticity, according to which the stress is allowed to move on the failure surface but never across it. In the present paper, the interrelations among the different constitutive models are discussed with special reference to failure and stability. For the hypoplastic constitutive equation, the accessible stress states and the stable stress states are found to be enclosed by a bound surface and a stability surface in the stress space, respectively. Theoretical findings about the bound surface and the stability surface are verified qualitatively by presenting results of triaxial tests on dry sand. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANALYSIS OF ROCKBOLT REINFORCEMENT USING BEAM-COLUMN THEORY (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: rockbolt ; Euler-Bernoulli ; beam-column ; roof-reinforcement ; stability ; pull-out ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A simple analytical procedure that applies classical beam-column theory for evaluating passive rockbolt roof reinforcement is presented in this paper. The analytical model is derived from first principles and is capable of modelling any number of reinforcing bolts. Each rockbolt is modelled as a linear spring and the model allows for non-uniform bolt spacing. In this study the rock beam is assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic for the sake of simplicity. However, the analytical model can be extended to include anisotropic rockmass as well as inelastic material behaviour. The solution to the coupled set of governing equations is obtained by using a simple numerical solution procedure. The results from the analytical model indicate that the critical buckling load of a rock beam is strongly influenced by the ambient rock modulus. For salt-rock excavations the rock modulus typically declines with time due to various phenomena, and a diminished modulus could seriously compromise roof stability. The other main conclusion of this study is that rockbolts loose their effectiveness in restraining a roof beam once its critical buckling load is approached. In such a situation, increasing bolt stiffness does not improve its reinforcing action on a roof beam but it enhances the possibility of bolt failure due to anchor pull-out. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., vol. 21, 241-253 (1997)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PACKING GENERATION SCHEME FOR THE GRANULAR ASSEMBLIES WITH PLANAR ELLIPTICAL PARTICLES (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: packing ; elliptical ; particle ; assemblies ; simulation ; micromechanics ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, a new generator algorithm and a computer program PG2D is introduced for 2D numerical simulation of packing configuration in a granular material composed of elliptical particles of different a/b aspect ratios. Each elliptical particle is approximated by four connected arcs. The centre co-ordinates and radius of each arc and co-ordinates of connecting points can be determined from the formulae derived by entering the major axis length, 2a, and the eccentricity. The domain to be filled with particles can be a polygon of any shape. Given the size of the packing domain, geometrical information and numbers of particles to be generated, the packing location of each particle and the co-ordinates of contact points along with contact normal rose diagram can be generated as outputs.Simulation results show that this new algorithm can provide quite a reasonable packing model in accordance with the initial input required for the analysis of the mechanics of granular material. This generation scheme has the potential to cover packing generation and behaviour analysis of 3D sphere or ellipsoidal shaped granular materials. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODELLING HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN UNSATURATED SOIL USING A FINITE DIFFERENCE SELF-IMPLICIT METHOD ON PARALLEL COMPUTERS (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: parallel numerical finite difference model ; heat and moisture transfer ; parallel computing ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A parallel numerical finite difference model, employing the self-implicit method, for coupled heat and moisture transfer in unsaturated soil is presented. The model is programmed in Occam and executed on a parallel computing network of transputers. An assessment of the model was achieved via the simulation of a laboratory experiment. A very good correlation between experimental and numerical results was obtained. Comparison of results with those obtained from a parallel explicit method is also illustrated showing no significant difference. The computational time employing the new method was, however, found to be half of that obtained using the explicit method. The computational efficiency of the approach was also found to be very high. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERFORMANCE OF TRENCH DRAINS WITH TIME USING FINITE ELEMENTS (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: finite element method ; ground water ; phreatic surface ; transient flow ; unconfined seepage ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Peformance of rectangular trench drains penetrating fully in a layer of homogeneous and isotropic soil mass down to an underlying impervious base with time has been assessed using the finite element method. Non-dimensional charts have been developed comprehensively to establish the successive positions of a phreatic surface with the passage of time for any given values of permeability of soil and its specific yield. The effect of spacing to depth ratios of drains on their performance has been examined in detail. The rate of downward movements of the phreatic surface decreases with time as well as with increases in the spacing of drains. The spacing affects considerably the magnitudes of drawdown at distant locations from the drains, whereas close to the drains, its effect becomes insignificant. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CS2: A PIECEWISE-LINEAR MODEL FOR LARGE STRAIN CONSOLIDATION (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 453-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: consolidation ; settlement ; large strain ; numerical modelling ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper presents a piecewise-linear finite-difference model for one-dimensional large strain consolidation called CS2. CS2 is developed using a fixed Eulerian co-ordinate system and constitutive relationships which are defined by discrete data points. The model is dimensionless such that solutions are independent of the initial height of the compressible layer and the absolute magnitude of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The capability of CS2 is illustrated using four example problems involving small strain, large strain, self-weight, and non-linear constitutive relationships. In each case, the performance of the model is comparable to other available analytical and numerical solutions. Using CS2, correction factors are developed for the conventional Terzaghi theory which account for the effect of vertical strain on computed values by elapsed time and maximum excess pore pressure during consolidation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivalent properties of rock strata: static and dynamic analysis (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 569-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: layered rock ; heterogeneity ; method of averaging ; variation-difference method ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The main purpose of this investigation is to study the state of stress of layered rocks forming slopes of deep river valleys. For this purpose averaging technique and a variant of the Variation-Difference Method are used. Because of the averaging method, equivalent homogeneous properties of layered elastic medium are determined. The paper has two parts. The first one is devoted to the analysis of a static stress-strain state of the slopes under gravity. The rock mass in the second part is subjected to dynamic loading caused by an earthquake. As a result of the numerical solution of the raised problems, the stress distribution in slopes and at the base of a deep canyon-like river valley was obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional FE analysis of a nailed soil wall curved in plan (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 583-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: finite elements ; soil nailing ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A nailed soil wall curved in plan was modelled in three-dimensions by the finite element method for construction, service and ultimate loading conditions. The behaviour of the nailed soil wall, the soil-nail interaction, the role of the reinforcement, and the overall and internal failure mechanisms were investigated. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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