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  • Articles  (23)
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  • Springer  (23)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (23)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic studies on void formation during liquid epoxy resin impregnation through polyester non-woven fabric (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 454-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Impregnation ; void ; liquid ; fabric ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Under the condition that liquid epoxy resin impregnation was through polyester non-woven fabric sheets, sandwiched between two circular glass plates, the increase in gas pressure caused by decrease in the volume of non-impregnating area was not as much as expected according to Boyle's law. Hence, the quantity of the gas consumed by dissolution and diffusion into the liquid resin and the polyester fibers, as well as by the void formation in the impregnating area of liquid resin, was calculated. According to the results, the quantities of gas decreased by dissolution and diffusion from the non-impregnating area into the impregnating liquid resin and into the polyester fiber are found to be so small that the deviation from Boyle's law mostly depends on the gas consumption due to the void formation in the impregnating area. Observing the impregnating region with a microscope, many voids were found in the area between the non-impregnating area and the completely impregnated area. The number and size of voids are theoretically estimated by assuming the non-uniformity of the fiber distribution in the polyester non-woven fabric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458335
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature Effects on Soil Mineralization of Polylactic Acid Plastic in Laboratory Respirometers (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polylactic acid ; temperature ; respirometers ; soil degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A respirometric system was used to analyze the biodegradation of high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions. The respirometric system consisted of air-conditioning pretraps, a soil reactor, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) posttrap. A 200-g homogeneous soil mixture of all-purpose potting soil : manure soil : sand [1 : 1 : 1 (w/w)] and 1.5 g of PLA plastic films in 1 × 1-cm2 squares was added to each bottle. The respirometers were placed in a 28, 40, or 55°C water bath for 182 days. Treatments (three replicates) included native corn starch (positive control), polyethylene (Glad Cling Wrap; negative control), and three PLA films: Ca-I (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, monolayer), GII (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, Generation II), and Ch-I (Chronopol; monolayer). The degree of polymer mineralization was indicated by the cumulative CO2 liberated from each respirometer. The initial average mineralization rate and total percentage mineralized of the PLA plastic films at 28, 40, and 55°C was 24.3, 41.5, and 76.9 mg/day with a 27, 45, and 70% carbon loss, respectively. No decrease in soil pH was observed after 182 days of mineralization. Hence, increase in soil temperature drastically enhanced the biodegradation of PLA plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions (P 〈 0.0001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021812418325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Polylactic Acid Plastic Degradation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Polylactic acid ; temperature ; relative humidity ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films from Chronopol (Ch-I) and Cargill Dow Polymers (GII and Ca-I) were analyzed for their degradation under various temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Two sets of plastic films, each containing 11 samples, were randomly hung in a temperature/humidity-controlled chamber by means of plastic-coated paper clips. The tested conditions were 28, 40, and 55°C at 50 and 100% RH, respectively, and 55°C at 10% RH. The three tested PLA films started to lose their tensile properties when their weight-average molecular weight (M w) was in the range of 50,000 to 75,000 g mol−1. The average degradation rate of Ch-I, GII, and Ca-I was 28,931, 27,361, and 63,025 M w/week, respectively. Hence, GII had a faster degradation rate than Ch-I and Ca-I under all tested conditions. The degradation rate of PLA plastics was enhanced by the increase in temperature and relative humidity. This trend was observed in all three PLA plastics (Ca-I, GII, and Ch-I). Of the three tested films, Ch-I was the first to lose its mechanical properties, whereas Ca-I demonstrated the slowest loss, with mechanical properties under all tested conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021808317416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelastic contact problem of two rotating bodies with frictional heat generation in annular region (1998)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 68 (1998), S. 128-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words frictional heating ; temperature ; contact pressure ; punch indentation ; thermoelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary An axisymmetric contact problem with frictional heating is considered in which a parabolic annular punch is pressed into a plane surface and rotates about its axis of symmetry at constant speed. The problem is formulated in terms of one governing equation with unknown pressure. This equation is solved numerically. The change of the geometry of the contact region and pressure has been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050150
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of time-dependent speed on frictional heat generation and wear in transient axisymmetrical contact of sliding (1997)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 67 (1997), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words frictional heating ; wear ; contact pressure ; temperature ; brake system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A transient contact problem with frictional heating and wear for two nonuniform sliding half-spaces is considered. One of the two half-spaces is assumed to be slightly curved to give a Hertzian initial pressure distribution: the other is a rigid nonconductor. Under the assumption that the contact pressure distribution could be described by Hertz formulas during all the process of interaction, the problem is formulated in terms of one integral equation of Volterra type with unknown radius of contact area. A numerical solution of this equation is obtained using a piecewise-constant presentation of an unknown function. The influence of operating parameters on the contact temperature and the radius of the contact area is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a twin-torch transferred dc arc (1995)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 15 (1995), S. 309-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Transferred arc ; voltage-current characteristic ; inhomogeneous plasma ; optical emission spectroscopy ; electron density ; temperature ; spatial distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The results of a twin-torch transferred de arc .study are presented. The arc system consists of two torches of opposite polarity, and a coupling zone of plasma jets located between them. The torch configuration increases the system reliability and efficiency during material plasma processing. The results of the study present data for the voltage-current characteristics, general behavior of the twin-torch arc, and spatial distribution of the plasma parameters. The plasma parameters have been measured using optical emission spectroscopy for a 200 A (20 k W) do arc, at atmospheric pressure, with argon and nitrogen introduced as plasma forming gases into the anode and the cathode units, respectively. The measurement technique used has allowed the determination of local electron density and temperature values in an inhomogeneous plasma volume having no axial sysmmetry. The data obtained illustrate the novel features of the twin-torch transfrred do arc for its applications in plasma processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01459701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen/argon plasma jet with methane addition (1995)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 15 (1995), S. 333-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Hydrogen/argon plasma ; methane ; do arc jet ; atmospheric pressure ; optical emission spectroscopy ; temperature ; density ; spatial distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Spatial distributions of plasma parameters are presented for a H2/Ar plasma jet with addition of methane. The plasma has been generated at atmospheric pressure by a 200 A (20 kW) nontransferred do arc. Optical emission spectroscopy has been used for the measurements assuming the plasma jet to be optically thin and to have an axial symmetry. Local spectral ernissivity values have been evaluated using a routine Abel inversion procedure. Half- width and emissivity of Hβ spectral line have been measured to determine the electron density and temperature of the plasma. The densities of excited C, CH radicals have been evaluated from the absolute emissivities of relevant molecular emission bands measured in limited spectral intervals in the visible spectrum. The emissivity ratios have been used to fund rotational and vibrational temperatures. The results supply information on methane decomposition and the behavior of molecular radicals in close-to-thermal plasma jets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01459702
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air microwave-induced plasma: Detection of NO in the post-discharge using an ArF laser (1993)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 13 (1993), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Air microwave plasma ; laser-induced fluorescence ; temperature ; nitrogen monoxide density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract ArF laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of the density of NO achieved in the post-discharge of an N2-O2 microwave-induced plasma (2450 MHz). The fluorescence spectrum provides a determination of NO vibrational temperature downstream the discharge. Absolute concentration profiles were determined in the low-temperature region of the post-discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466049
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a Predictive Design Methodology Based on the Physical Modelling of the Fracture of Fiber Composites (1998)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 5 (1998), S. 69-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: modelling ; notch strength ; damage ; fatigue ; environment ; temperature ; prediction ; design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A predictive design methodology based on modelling the fracture stress (notched tensile strength) and post-fatigue residual strength of laminated fiber composites is presented. The approach is based explicitly on the development of models of the physical processes by which damage accumulates at a notch-tip and the application of these models to cross-ply laminates for a variety of material systems, including thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices containing carbon, glass and Kevlar fiber reinforcements. The effects of temperature and humidity on composite fracture can also be examined in the context of this modelling strategy. A pre-requisite of the model is that it has to be calibrated for each material system by performing tensile tests on notched and unnotched cross-ply laminate. From this initial calibration, which takes relatively little time, it is possible to apply the model to a prediction of the dependence of fracture stress on notch size; to an understanding of the effects of laminate stacking sequence (within the same cross-ply family) on fracture stress; and to provide insight into the effects of thermal or load cycling history on fatigue damage-growth and residual or fatigue strength. The advantages and deficiencies of this modelling strategy are assessed, as well as the applicability of such a physical modelling approach to the predictive design and failure of composite materials in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008811721083
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Boron on the Structure and Composition of Cobalt Silicides (2000)
    Springer
    Powder metallurgy and metal ceramics 39 (2000), S. 599-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9066
    Keywords: solid-phase reaction ; solubility ; temperature ; cobalt silicides ; boron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The system Co ― Si ― B is promising for development of new soft magnetic materials. We studied the effect of boron on the structure and composition of cobalt silicides during solid-phase reaction of powders of the starting components under a 3·10−3 Pa vacuum in the temperature range 200°C to 1300°C for boron content from 0.5 mass% to 7.7 mass% by differential thermal analysis, metallographic analysis, x-ray analysis, and electron-probe microanalysis. We established that boron is not soluble in cobalt silicides. Formation of ternary chemical compounds is typical for the Co ― Si ― B system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011384332153
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