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  • bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general  (1,059)
  • deep learning  (378)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology  (372)
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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1,699)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint is the printed edition of the Special Issue published in Materials. The reprint provides an overview on current international research activities in the field of advanced pulse laser machining technology. It covers fundamental and applied aspects and collects contributions of renowned scientists from academics and industries working in the fields of laser processing, materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to foster the current knowledge and present new ideas for future applications and new technologies.
    Keywords: multi-beam micromachining ; beam splitting ; invar ; shadow masks ; OLED ; nanosecond laser ; direct laser interference patterning ; design of experiments ; central composite design ; morphological filtering ; surface texture homogeneity ; micro structuring ; bearing steel ; dual laser beam processing ; excited state absorption ; semiconducting thin films ; stimulated emission depletion ; femtosecond laser ; silicon ; amorphization ; crystallization ; spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry ; transmission electron microscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; laser ablation ; ultrafast ; re-deposition ; fs-laser writing ; waveguides ; element redistribution ; Soret effect ; diffusion competition effects ; ultra-short pulses ; double pulses ; burst processing ; MHz bursts ; GHz bursts ; X-ray emission ; micromachining ; dose rate ; X-ray spectrum ; ultrafast laser ; laser ; ultrashort pulse ; plasma ; X-ray ; Bremsstrahlung ; resonance absorption ; burst ; bi-burst ; beam shaping ; squared top-hat ; fs-laser ; laser surface structuring ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; micro-channels ; glass ; ultrafast laser processing ; Bessel beam ; X-ray emission hazards ; ultrashort pulsed laser ; radiation protection ; industrial applications ; protection housing ; ambient dose rate ; pulsed laser ; laser micromachining ; mechanical shutter ; solenoid shutter ; electro-optic modulator shutter ; opening time ; lifetime ; X-ray energies ; X-ray dose rate ; laser printing ; laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) ; digital manufacturing ; additive manufacturing ; printing of materials ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Landscapes and cultural heritage have faced many challenges over time, including modifications and degradation that appear with time, overlaps with other challenges not previously observed, and the influence of cities and management. One of the most visible and globally discussed challenges is climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need to launch initiatives to tackle climate change and other current challenges from the perspective of landscape and cultural heritage protection. This Special Issue presents selected papers of studies conducted in relation to the 28th Conference on the Series of Garden Art and Historical Dendrology entitled “Climate Change and Current Challenges for Landscapes and Cultural Heritage” that was held on 28 and 29 October 2021. This collection serves as a platform for the exchange of experiences among researchers from different scientific domains.
    Keywords: nature reserves ; landscape fragmentation ; north–south transitional zone ; spatial differentiation ; Qinling–Daba Mountains ; habitat quality ; water dams ; Krakow fortress ; climate change ; environmental management ; cultural heritage conservation ; urban densification ; prefabricated housing estates ; spatial devastation ; protection of urban layout ; Cracow ; climate change mitigation ; cultural heritage ; urban renewal ; urban parks ; therapeutic landscapes ; climate resilience ; vernacular heritage ; climate narratives ; climate adaptation ; climate stories ; courtyard ; urban green infrastructure ; urban pattern ; supervised classification ; ecosystem services (ES) ; urban cemeteries ; biocultural diversity (BCD) ; urban green infrastructure (UGI) ; questionnaire survey ; Leipzig ; Łódź ; sensory gardens ; urban green spaces ; aromatic herbs ; plant smell memory ; stress ; human wellbeing in urban areas ; restorative environments ; history of gardens ; castle garden ; goosefoot avenue ; star-shaped garden layout ; Austro-Hungarian Empire ; Transylvania as part of Romania ; green infrastructure ; resilience management ; biodiversity ; scenario analysis ; cellular automata model ; historic psychiatric hospitals ; therapeutic landscape ; green therapy ; horticulture therapy ; historical commons ; human cultural heritage ; local development ; landscape values ; rainwater management ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Wildfire risk can be perceived as the combination of wildfire hazards (often described by likelihood and intensity) with the susceptibility of people, property, or other valued resources to that hazard. Reflecting the seriousness of wildfire risk to communities around the world, substantial resources are devoted to assessing wildfire hazards and risks. Wildfire hazard and risk assessments are conducted at a wide range of scales, from localized to nationwide, and are often intended to communicate and support decision making about risks, including the prioritization of scarce resources. Improvements in the underlying science of wildfire hazard and risk assessment and in the development, communication, and application of these assessments support effective decisions made on all aspects of societal adaptations to wildfire, including decisions about the prevention, mitigation, and suppression of wildfire risks. To support such efforts, this Special Issue of the journal Fire compiles articles on the understanding, modeling, and addressing of wildfire risks to homes, water resources, firefighters, and landscapes.
    Keywords: wildfire risk ; object-oriented image analysis ; Sentinel-2 ; fire behavior ; flammap ; wildfire management ; water supply ; erosion ; wildfire containment ; Potential fire Operational Delineations ; Monte Carlo simulation ; transmission risk ; WUI ; fire ; defensible space ; prescribed fire ; community vulnerability ; fire suppression costs ; Zillow ; wildfire ; predictive modeling ; fire spread model ; Monte Carlo ; spatial modeling ; area difference index ; statistics ; precision ; recall ; principal components analysis ; risk assessment ; structure loss ; wildland–urban interface ; mitigation ; mapping ; land use ; disaster ; fire spread models ; surrogate modeling ; sensitivity analysis ; global sensitivity analysis ; colour coding ; communication ; forest fire ; ordinal categorization ; palette ; risk ; firefighter safety ; safe separation distance ; safety zones ; LCES ; Google Earth Engine ; lidar ; LANDFIRE ; Landsat ; GEDI ; parcel-level risk ; post-fire analysis ; risk mitigation ; rapid assessment ; natural hazards ; fuels ; fire hazard ; remote sensing ; LiDAR ; Sentinel ; modeling ; simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book introduces novel results on mathematical modelling, parameter identification, and automatic control for a wide range of applications of mechanical, electric, and mechatronic systems, where undesirable oscillations or vibrations are manifested. The six chapters of the book written by experts from international scientific community cover a wide range of interesting research topics related to: algebraic identification of rotordynamic parameters in rotor-bearing system using finite element models; model predictive control for active automotive suspension systems by means of hydraulic actuators; model-free data-driven-based control for a Voltage Source Converter-based Static Synchronous Compensator to improve the dynamic power grid performance under transient scenarios; an exact elasto-dynamics theory for bending vibrations for a class of flexible structures; motion profile tracking control and vibrating disturbance suppression for quadrotor aerial vehicles using artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization; and multiple adaptive controllers based on B-Spline artificial neural networks for regulation and attenuation of low frequency oscillations for large-scale power systems. The book is addressed for both academic and industrial researchers and practitioners, as well as for postgraduate and undergraduate engineering students and other experts in a wide variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the advances and trends in mathematical modelling, control and identification of engineering systems in which undesirable oscillations or vibrations could be presented during their operation.
    Keywords: B-spline neural networks ; adaptive power system control ; coordinated multiple controllers ; StatCom ; exact plate theory ; thick plate ; bending vibration ; partial differential operator theory ; gauge condition ; data-driven control ; reactive power compensation ; STATCOM ; voltage control ; voltage source converter ; quadrotor UAV ; artificial neural networks ; robust control ; Taylor series ; B-splines ; particle swarm optimization ; active suspension ; model predictive control ; linear parameter varying ; ellipsoidal set ; attraction sets ; quadratic stability ; algebraic identification ; rotor-bearing system ; finite element model ; rotordynamic coefficients ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and present research results and experiences on energy supply in the Visegrad Group countries. This research considers both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. It was important to determine how the V4 countries deal with energy management, how they have undergone or are undergoing energy transformation and in what direction they are heading. The articles concerned aspects of the energy balance in the V4 countries compared to the EU, including the production of renewable energy, as well as changes in its individual sectors (transport and food production). The energy efficiency of low-emission vehicles in public transport and goods deliveries are also discussed, as well as the energy efficiency of farms and energy storage facilities and the impact of the energy sector on the quality of the environment.
    Keywords: energy supplies ; energy security ; energy market ; EU countries ; Hellwig’s method ; sustainability strategies ; sustainable development ; Visegrád Group ; sustainable strategic management ; the renewable energy sector ; energy use ; structures ; food production systems ; Visegrad Group ; energy mix ; renewables ; energy in transport ; energetic efficiency ; energy sources ; economic growth ; developing and developed countries ; energy sector ; environmental quality ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; nuclear energy ; southeastern Poland ; sustainability ; renewable energy sources ; European Union ; cluster analysis ; Visegrad Group countries ; fuels ; cointegration ; Granger causality ; electricity prices ; households ; directions of price changes ; biogas energy ; solar energy ; hybrid biogas plant ; renewable energy ; circular economy ; off-grid systems ; energy efficiency ; social and economic aspects of energy ; economic efficiency ; low emissions ; zero emissions ; e-commerce ; last mile ; parcel lockers ; efficiency of logistics processes ; economies of scale ; simulation of logistics processes ; COVID-19 ; BESS management ; price arbitration ; shift load ; microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Reprint Book provides recent studies addressing encapsulation systems for active compounds (e.g., drugs and food ingredients) to improve the quality of life around the world. The content may be helpful for the colleagues and students working on encapsulation of active compounds.
    Keywords: carboxymethyl chitosan ; mangosteen ; deodorant ; skin moisturizing ; trans-2-nonenal ; accelerated stability test ; guava ; carotenoids ; microencapsulation ; mucilage ; spray-drying ; aloe vera ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; ar-turmerone ; polymeric nanoparticles ; anticancer activity ; release study ; biodegradable polymers ; apple fiber ; trehalose ; sucrose ; blackberry phenolics ; blackberry volatiles ; starch ; Bisphenol A ; Moringa leaf extract ; encapsulating Moringa leaf extract ; nanoparticles ; alginate ; chitosan ; Ib-M peptides ; E. coli ; peptide stability ; polyethylene glycol methacrylate ; oregano ; phenolic compounds ; nanoencapsulation ; bioaccessibility ; curcumin ; zebrafish embryogenesis ; oxidative stress ; neuroprotection ; PCL nanoparticles ; paraquat ; grafted microparticles ; sodium hyaluronate ; crosslinked microparticles ; metronidazole adsorption ; adsorption isotherm ; adsorption kinetics ; metronidazole release ; polyelectrolyte ; complex coacervate ; polyamine ; stimulus-responsive materials ; controlled release ; encapsulation ; hybrids ; clay ; sodium alginate ; rosemary essential oil ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Special Issue, “Mapping Indigenous Knowledge in the Digital Age”, explores Indigenous engagement with geo-information in contemporary cartography. Indigenous mapping, incorporating performance, process, product, and positionality as well as tangible and intangible heritage, is speedily entering the domain of cartography, and digital technology is facilitating the engagement of communities in mapping their own locational stories, histories, cultural heritage, environmental, and political priorities. In this publication, multimodal and multisensory online maps combine the latest multimedia and telecommunications technology to examine data and support qualitative and quantitative research, as well as to present and store a wide range of temporal/spatial information and archival materials in innovative interactive storytelling formats. It will be of particular interest to researchers engaged in studies of global human and environmental connection in the age of evolving information technology.
    Keywords: transdisciplinary research ; knowledge dialog ; participatory mapping ; qualitative analysis ; community-based management ; Dawes ; allotment ; GIS ; map ; automation ; PLSS ; geographic information systems ; reservation ; indigenous ; Standing Rock ; community mapping ; learning community ; natural resources management ; Cyberatlas ; Native Americans ; first nations ; historic cartography ; toponymy ; Indigenous maps ; indigital ; undergraduate education ; native science ; Inuinnait ; Inuinnaqtun ; cybercartography ; digital return ; multi-media cartography ; digital heritage ; native guidance system ; Lençóis Maranhenses region ; Maranhão coast ; traditional communities ; Cybercartographic Atlas ; indigenous mappings ; decolonial cartography ; mythical spaces and indigenous orientations ; sky map ; collaborative work ; Pa Ipai ; Baja California ; Mexico ; mapping ; reconciliation ; art ; digital pedagogy ; reflexivity ; Cybercartography ; GIAMedia ; FOSS ; intercultural literacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.
    Keywords: guanine ; guanyl radical ; tautomerism ; guanine radical cation ; oligonucleotides ; DNA ; G-quadruplex ; time-resolved spectroscopies ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; oxidation ; catalase mimics ; peroxide ; diiron-peroxo complexes ; structure/activity ; kinetic studies ; biomimetic chemistry ; cysteine ; ketone reduction ; free radicals ; pulse radiolysis ; kinetics ; DNA oxidation ; DNA hole transfer ; molecular dynamics ; quantum dynamics ; electron transfer ; charge transfer ; quantum coherence ; chemiluminescence ; reaction mechanisms ; singlet oxygen ; reactive oxygen species ; light emission ; crosslink ; dimerization ; protein oxidation ; radicals ; di-tyrosine ; di-tryptophan ; disulfides ; thiols ; aggregation ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; collagen ; riboflavin ; hyaluronic acid ; EPR spectroscopy ; keratoconus ; STEM ; DNA biosensor ; chemical nucleases ; DNA-drug interaction ; copper complexes ; metallodrugs ; MEP pathway ; antibiotics ; IspH ; LytB ; [4Fe-4S] cluster ; reductive dehydroxylation ; bioorganometallic intermediate ; inhibitors ; methionine ; neighboring group effect ; hydroxyl radical ; triplet state of carboxybenzophenone ; one-electron oxidants ; laser flash photolysis ; peptides ; proteins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue highlights fundamental changes to the questions that we can ask about both the recent past and deep time. Delve into the forefront of paleontological research with this Special Issue reprint. Renowned paleontologists from around the world share groundbreaking insights into ancient life on Earth. Discover the latest advances in fossil discovery, analytical techniques, interdisciplinary collaborations, and technological innovations that are shaping our understanding of evolution and the Earth's history. This collection of cutting-edge research is a must-read for scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts interested in the dynamic field of paleontology in the modern era.
    Keywords: REE ; Tyrannosaurus rex ; molecular paleontology ; geochemical taphonomy ; diagenesis ; bone ; protein ; collagen ; Hell Creek Formation ; cuticle ; Eocene ; Fur Formation ; insects ; melanin ; mo-clay ; pigment ; Stolleklint Clay ; structural coloration ; Ølst Formation ; fossil ; dinosaur ; paleoproteomics ; porphyrin ; keratin ; feather ; taphonomy ; degradation ; microbes ; CO2 ; apatite ; paleontology ; China ; history ; 20th century ; 21th century ; paleobiology ; history and philosophy of paleontology ; twenty-first-century paleontology ; paleobiological revolution ; technoscience and global issues ; fossil proteins ; rare earth elements ; soft-tissue preservation ; geochemistry ; soft tissues ; molecular preservation ; Hornerstown Formation ; shallow marine ; glauconite ; hybridization ; introgression ; ancient DNA (aDNA) ; hominin paleontology ; paleoanthropology ; Brachylophosaurus ; Judith River Formation ; ELISA ; RIA ; Venta Micena site ; VM-0 ; VM-1960 ; taxonomy ; morphometrics ; phylogeny ; evolution ; morphological clock ; molecular clock ; biodiversity ; palaeobiogeography ; macroevolution ; primates ; Cercopithecidae ; monkeys ; genotype:phenotype mapping ; dentition ; Equidae ; Equinae ; hipparionini ; protohippini ; equini ; paleoecology ; paleoclimatology ; biochronology ; steroids ; diet ; coprolites ; Gryphaea dilatata ; crystallographic texture ; pole figures ; neutron diffraction ; recrystallization ; thick-walled shells ; molecular taphonomy ; fossils ; preservation ; mass spectrometry ; dinosaurs ; Neanderthal ; Combe-Grenal ; juvenile ; mandible ; periodontitis ; tooth ; tartar ; SEM analysis ; n/a ; terrestrialization ; artrhopods ; Cambrian explosion ; molecular clocks ; palaeontology ; phylogenomics ; teeth ; enamel ; microanalysis ; Purussaurus ; Neoepiblema ; miocene ; ICP-MS ; MEV ; microscopy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; micro-computed tomography ; radiocarbon dating ; DNA barcoding ; synchrotron ; bone remodeling ; elemental analysis ; diagenetic alteration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: heterogeneous integration ; wafer bonding ; wafer sealing ; room-temperature bonding ; Au-Au bonding ; surface activated bonding ; Au film thickness ; surface roughness ; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging ; inkjet printing ; redistribution layers ; capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) ; fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) ; adhesion ; thin film metal ; parylene ; neural probe ; scotch tape test ; FEM ; MEMS resonator ; temperature coefficient ; thermal stress ; millimeter-wave ; redundant TSV ; equivalent circuit model ; S-parameters extraction ; technology evaluation ; MEMS and IC integration ; MCDM ; fuzzy AHP ; fuzzy VIKOR ; fan-out wafer-level package ; finite element ; glass substrate ; reliability life ; packaging-on-packaging ; thermal sensors ; TMOS sensor ; finite difference time domain ; optical and electromagnetics simulations ; finite element analysis ; ultrasonic bonding ; metal direct bonding ; microsystem integration ; biocompatible packaging ; implantable ; reliability ; Finite element method (FEM) ; simulation ; multilayer reactive bonding ; integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system ; spontaneous self-ignition ; self-propagating exothermic reaction ; Pd/Al reactive multilayer system ; Ni/Al reactive multilayer system ; low-temperature MEMS packaging ; crack propagation ; microbump ; deflection angle ; stress intensity factor (SIF) ; polymer packaging ; neural interface ; chronic implantation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Symmetry can play an important role in the field of nonlinear systems and especially in the design of nonlinear circuits that produce chaos. Therefore, this Special Issue, titled “Symmetry in Chaotic Systems and Circuits”, presents the latest scientific advances in nonlinear chaotic systems and circuits that introduce various kinds of symmetries. Applications of chaotic systems and circuits with symmetries, or with a deliberate lack of symmetry, are also presented in this Special Issue. The volume contains 14 published papers from authors around the world. This reflects the high impact of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: chaos ; bifurcation ; closed curve equilibrium ; synchronization ; nonlinear equations ; iterative methods ; rotation–translation formula ; symmetric encryption ; chaotic map ; image encryption ; simultaneous confusion and diffusion ; chaotic oscillator ; lyapunov exponents ; poincare map ; integrated circuit ; fpga ; time-delay ; boolean networks ; hidden attractor ; amplitude control ; offset boosting ; cryptography ; substitution box ; postprocessing ; symmetry ; asymmetry ; chaotic system ; random bit generation ; logistic map ; chaos-based cryptography ; entropy ; prediction ; fractional-order ; glucose-insulin system ; chaotic attractor ; active control ; chaos theory ; electrical circuit analysis ; jerk circuit ; Chua’s diode ; system of differential equations ; quantum mechanics ; molecular quantum transitions ; singularity ; dozy chaos ; dozy-chaos mechanics ; charge transfer ; condensed matter ; direct and reverse processes ; optical band shapes ; Egorov resonance ; hyperchaotic behavior ; arduino microcontrollers ; optical channel ; chaotic flow ; hyperbolic sinusoidal function ; voice encryption ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The World Health Organization recommends the consumption of plant foods instead of animal-origin foods due to their high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Consumption of plant products has led to research on the beneficial properties of their components beyond basic nutrients. Vegetable-derived peptides have shown multifunctional effects related to chronic diseases, attracting interest from the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This reprint highlights studies on various vegetable extracts, such as chestnut, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat, and Protium heptaphyllum gum resin, which have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating properties. Specific compounds derived from plants, such as methyl p-coumarate and lupin protein hydrolysate, have shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation and anxiety, respectively. A vegetable extract of rosemary has been studied for its potential to treat osteogenesis imperfecta. Moreover, this repprint reviews Lycium barbarum berries, essential oils from Annonaceae species, antioxidant compounds, phytosterols, and natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis was discussed. Overall, these studies suggest that vegetable-derived bioactive compounds could serve as new nutraceuticals to prevent and treat a wide range of chronic diseases.
    Keywords: hypercholesterolemia ; gene expression ; HMGCR ; PCSK9 ; PPARα ; enzymatic activity ; molecular docking ; statin ; monacolin ; breu branco ; seed storage proteins ; peptides ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; trypsin inhibitors ; quinoa ; amaranth ; buckwheat ; in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion ; natural products ; Brazilian species ; essential oil ; applications ; phytosterols ; neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer’s disease ; blood brain barrier ; obesity ; oxidative stress ; dyslipidemia ; diabetes ; enzyme-assisted extraction ; plant material ; phenolic compounds ; oligosaccharides ; prebiotic ; nanocellulose ; nanofibers ; fermentation ; sustainability ; cancer ; drug delivery ; oral mucositis ; treatment ; lupin ; protein hydrolysates ; anxiety ; ApoE−/− ; functional foods ; peptidomics ; rosemary extract ; collagen type I ; unfolded protein response ; autophagy ; proteasome ; skin fibroblasts ; apoptosis ; osteogenesis imperfecta ; asthma ; methyl p-coumarate ; Th2 cytokines ; eosinophil ; NF-κB ; Castanea sativa shells ; Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) ; antimicrobial activity ; goji berries ; pro-healthy effects ; phenolics ; biological properties ; functional ingredients ; in vitro cultures ; Ruta montana ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; antibiofilm formation ; antibacterial activity ; antioxidant activity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
    Keywords: composites ; multi-scale ; embedded damage ; non-destructive testing ; photoacoustic ; ultrasonic representation ; terahertz ; coded-aperture imaging ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; fast image reconstruction ; nondestructive evaluation ; acoustic nonlinearity parameter ; indirect method ; laser ultrasound ; fully non-contact ; surface acoustic wave ; UWB-PPM ; UWB-OOK ; buried objects ; nondestructive environment ; Levenberg–Marquardt method ; textured surface anomaly detection ; computer vision ; deep learning ; attention mechanism ; adaptive fusion ; power quality disturbances ; long short term memory ; convolutional neural network ; short time Fourier transform ; leaky Lamb wave ; semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) ; waveguide sensor ; finite-width plate ; waveguide plate ; width modes ; spatial beating ; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) ; weld cracks ; eddy current nondestructive testing ; gradiently relative magnetic permeability ; heat affected zone ; austenitic stainless steel ; circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler ; water-cooled wall tube ; magnetic sensor array ; magnetic flux density ; flexible ultrasonic probe ; neutron irradiation embrittlement ; reactor pressure vessel ; magnetic nondestructive evaluation ; micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA ; magnetic adaptive testing ; 3D imaging of metal grains ; non-destructive testing methods ; stacking images ; SA106 carbon steel ; terahertz waves ; refractive index ; thickness measurement ; Shim stock films ; composite materials ; reflection mode ; neutron radiography ; Bragg-edge imaging ; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ; low transformation temperature (LTT) steel ; austenite-to-martensite transformation ; Debye–Waller factor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Considering the worldwide problem of aquatic pollution, we proposed this reprint, which presents a collection of articles on different aspects of environmental pollution, from monitoring to the evaluation of toxicity. In particular, the volume concerns the issues specifically related to emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, to confer to this volume a more holistic view, some articles on priority pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are also reported.
    Keywords: aquatic ecosystems ; pollution ; monitoring ; toxic effects ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.
    Keywords: sustainability ; regionalism ; climate ; unit plan ; apartment ; Singapore ; Korea ; sustainable architecture ; space syntax ; partitioning theory ; total depth ; intelligibility ; movement economies ; architecture ; building performance simulation ; performance-based design ; agent-based model ; Gaussian process ; electroencephalography ; virtual reality ; monument architecture ; stress ; data visualization ; deep learning ; smart building ; interactive experience ; “five senses” interaction ; people-oriented ; embedding ; recommender system ; collaborative filtering ; housing preference ; housing decision ; human behavior simulation ; virtual users ; social sustainability ; performance analysis ; evaluation method ; architectural design education ; eye tracking ; virtual environment ; street robbery ; CPTED ; crime prevention ; fixation count ; people with physical disabilities ; job retention ; path analysis ; perceived workplace safety ; workplace disability facilities ; work satisfaction ; social housing ; social economy actors ; Seoul ; South Korea ; sustainable development ; sustainable design ; energy efficiency ; public rental housing ; building simulation ; elderly ; biophilia ; biophilic experience ; smart home ; smart-home service ; service framework ; water distribution ; water war ; conflict ; ownership ; divided Cyprus ; blue-collar workers ; intervention study ; health promotion ; cardiovascular disease ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The sustainable management of water cycles is crucial in the context of climate change and global warming. It involves managing global, regional, and local water cycles, as well as urban, agricultural, and industrial water cycles, to conserve water resources and their relationships with energy, food, microclimates, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and anthropogenic activities. Hydrological modeling is indispensable for achieving this goal, as it is essential for water resources management and the mitigation of natural disasters. In recent decades, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in hydrology and water resources management has led to notable advances. In the face of hydro-geo-meteorological uncertainty, AI approaches have proven to be powerful tools for accurately modeling complex, nonlinear hydrological processes and effectively utilizing various digital and imaging data sources, such as ground gauges, remote sensing tools, and in situ Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The thirteen research papers published in this Special Issue make significant contributions to long- and short-term hydrological modeling and water resources management under changing environments using AI techniques coupled with various analytics tools. These contributions, which cover hydrological forecasting, microclimate control, and climate adaptation, can promote hydrology research and direct policy making toward sustainable and integrated water resources management.
    Keywords: ANN ; roadside IoT sensors ; simulations of the gridded rainstorms ; 2D inundation simulation and real-time error correction ; weather types and features ; meteorological feature extraction ; artificial neural network ; self-organizing map (SOM) ; urban agriculture ; resource utilization efficiency ; urban northern Taiwan ; machine learning ; random forest ; regression analysis ; support vector machine ; threshold rainfall ; threshold runoff ; XGBoost ; stochastic rainfall generator ; Huff rainfall curve ; copula ; GeoAI ; artificial intelligence ; hydrological ; hydraulic ; fluvial ; water quality ; geomorphic ; modeling ; anomaly detection ; deep reinforcement learning ; telemetry water level ; time series ; ensemble ; multi-model ensemble ; precipitation ; forecasting ; persian gulf ; deep learning ; dam inflow ; RNN ; LSTM ; GRU ; hyperparameter ; rainfall time series ; artificial neural networks ; Multiple Linear Regression ; Chania ; CNN ; ELM ; temporary rivers ; hydrological extremes ; multivariate stochastic model ; autoregressive model ; Markov model ; daily temperature ; temperature generator ; Bayesian neural network ; forecasting uncertainty ; multi-step ahead forecasting ; probabilistic streamflow forecasting ; variational inference ; smart microclimate-control system (SMCS) ; system dynamics ; water–energy–food nexus ; agricultural resilience ; hydroinformatics ; hydrological modeling ; early warning ; uncertainty ; sustainability
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue of the journal Axioms collects submissions in which the authors report their perceptions and results in the field of mathematical physics and/or physical mathematics without any preconditions of the specific research topic. The papers are intended to provide the reader with a broad window into the status of the research field showing our understanding of how a known concept changes our thinking in that area of science. The papers in the Special Issue highlight the current two issues in physics and mathematics under hot debate: fractional calculus and entropy.
    Keywords: weak detonation ; high activation regime ; nonlinear PDEs ; Fuchsian reduction analysis ; Lorentz transformation ; blow-up ; hot spot ; chemically reactive flows ; nonlinear equations in partial derivatives ; hyperbolic equations ; Bäcklund transformations ; Clairin’s method ; differential relationships ; the Liouville equation ; symbolic calculus ; canonical system of q-difference equations ; q-Euler integral ; multi-term fractional differential equation ; quasilinear equation ; Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative ; defect of Cauchy type problem ; fixed point theorem ; initial-boundary value problem ; deformed numbers ; deformed algebras ; deformed calculus ; nonadditive entropy ; vibration control ; boundary control ; intermediate state control ; separation of variables ; Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations ; nonlocal boundary conditions ; positive parameters ; positive solutions ; existence ; nonexistence ; Patlak–Keller–Segel systems ; the Cattaneo model of chemosensitive movement ; hyperbolic models ; shock waves ; conservation laws ; constrained Hamiltonian system ; canonicalization ; symplectic method ; numerical simulation ; extended Chebyshev functional ; generalized proportional Hadamard fractional integral operator ; manipulation system ; geometric approach ; noninteraction ; two-phase flow ; Sobolev spaces ; analytic semigroups ; fractional interpolation ; local and global solutions ; seismic tensorial force ; far-field seismic waves ; near-field seismic waves ; seismic mainshock ; quasi-static deformations ; mathematical physics ; Elliott Lieb ; the International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP, history and development) ; Letters in Mathematical Physics (LMP) ; history ; God as an (optional) axiom ; metamathematics ; symmetries ; particle physics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
    Keywords: truck dispatching ; mining equipment uncertainties ; orebody uncertainty ; discrete event simulation ; Q-learning ; grinding circuits ; minerals processing ; random forest ; decision trees ; machine learning ; knowledge discovery ; variable importance ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest algorithm ; epithermal gold ; unstructured data ; blast impact ; empirical model ; mining ; fragmentation ; mine worker fatigue ; random forest model ; health and safety management ; stockpiles ; operational data ; mine-to-mill ; geostatistics ; ore control ; mine optimization ; digital twin ; modes of operation ; geological uncertainty ; multivariate statistics ; partial least squares regression ; oil sands ; bitumen extraction ; bitumen processability ; mine safety and health ; accidents ; narratives ; natural language processing ; random forest classification ; hyperspectral imaging ; multispectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; neighbourhood component analysis ; artificial intelligence ; mining exploitation ; masonry buildings ; damage risk analysis ; Bayesian network ; Naive Bayes ; Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) ; rock type ; mining geology ; bluetooth beacon ; classification and regression tree ; gaussian naïve bayes ; k-nearest neighbors ; support vector machine ; transport route ; transport time ; underground mine ; tactical geometallurgy ; data analytics in mining ; ball mill throughput ; measurement while drilling ; non-additivity ; coal ; petrographic analysis ; macerals ; image analysis ; semantic segmentation ; convolutional neural networks ; point cloud scaling ; fragmentation size analysis ; structure from motion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
    Keywords: ionization ; electron ; positron ; few body ; electron scattering ; integral cross sections ; alcohols ; isomeric effect ; butanol ; pentanol ; electron mobility ; multiple-scattering effects ; disordered systems ; weak localization ; electron and positron scattering ; spin asymmetry ; critical minima ; total polarization ; coulomb glory ; water ; vibrational excitation ; R-matrix ; electron-molecule collisions ; interstellar medium ; model potential ; wave-packet propagation ; vibrational cross-section ; backscattering ; electron optics ; inelastic collisions ; numerical simulations ; electron ionization ; electron capture ; helium droplets ; cross section ; MCDF wavefunctions ; wavelengths ; transition rates ; relativistic distorted wave method ; cross sections ; rate coefficients ; ionizing radiation ; dissociative electron attachment ; mass spectrometry ; DNA damage ; cross-section calculations ; plasma simulation ; electron atomic collisions ; ionization cross section ; approximation of cross sections ; alkali metals ; noble gases ; electron elastic scattering ; scattering cross-sections ; positron scattering ; total cross-sections ; dispersion relation ; electron scattering cross sections ; electron transport in gases ; electron track simulation ; positron impact ionization ; positron-molecule scattering ; binary-encounter-Bethe ; argon optical emission spectroscopy ; plasma processing ; coronal models ; collisional-radiative model ; nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas ; population kinetics ; radiation transport ; opacity effects ; Non-Maxwellian plasmas ; metastable states ; electron-impact ionization ; BEB approach ; elementary processes in plasmas ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Molecules entitled “Food Processing and Its Impact on Phenolic and other Bioactive Constituents in Food”. Bioactive compounds including phenolic ingredients have long been used as important constituents of a healthy diet. As a result, consumer awareness about the important role of high-quality products rich in bioactive compounds—especially phenolic compounds—in human nutrition, health, and prevention against diseases has increased. Additionally, methods for food processing, regardless of the technology used, have a huge impact on the quality of the final products. Therefore, the big challenges for scientists lie in the monitoring of changes during food processing and the optimization of technology to achieve the minimal degradation of nutrients (including phenolic compounds). Thus, for this Special Issue, I encourage you to read some interesting papers aimed at bringing the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the field of food processing and its impact on bioactive constituents in food, especially phenolic compounds. The information presented will certainly arouse considerable interest among a large group of our readers from different disciplines and research fields.
    Keywords: apple ; phenolic compounds ; genetic resources ; HPLC-DAD ; thyme ; oregano ; dry herbs ; polyphenols ; chlorophyll ; carotenoids ; microbial ; cytotoxicity ; dissolution test ; functional food ; innovative food ; drying ; natural food ; Helianthus tuberosus ; pro-healthy properties ; plant polyphenols ; food processing ; phenolic content ; bioavailability ; bioaccessibility ; coffee Arabica ; roasting process ; brewing methods ; antioxidant activity ; flavonoids ; caffeine ; pH of infusions ; tannins ; snack ; baking ; carotenoids content ; chlorophyll content ; total polyphenols content ; calorific value ; sensory properties ; sourdough fermentation ; inoculation ; lactic acid bacteria ; FODMAP ; fructans ; antioxidants ; chocolate ; free radical scavenging activity ; reducing power ; functionalization of food ; electronic nose analysis ; isoflavone conversion ; thermal process ; immature seeds ; mature seeds ; internal water content ; konjac ; linseed flour ; fat substitute ; volatile compounds ; lipid oxidation ; encapsulation ; Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) ; controlled dehydration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools.
    Keywords: prallethrin ; insecticide ; spatial treatment ; mosquito fitness ; protection ; pyrethroids ; Aedes albopictus ; Culex pipiens ; life tables ; mosquito ; bite-proof garment ; model ; textile ; non-insecticidal ; physical barrier ; insecticide selection ; out-crossing ; strain authentication ; laboratory screening ; pyrethroid ; pyrethroid resistance ; insecticide resistance ; insecticide resistance management ; vector control ; malaria ; malaria control ; Anopheles ; host-seeking behavior ; insecticide exposure ; pathogen transmission ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles gambiae ; ATSB ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Iroquois ; RNAi ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; Anopheles mosquito ; fertility ; ovary development ; pyriproxyfen (PPF) ; side-effects ; machine learning ; image classification ; automated identification ; convolutional neural network ; insecticide-treated net (ITN) ; PBO ITN ; synergist ITN ; dual-AI ITN ; insecticide resistance management (IRM) ; method validation ; durability monitoring ; bioinsecticide ; disease transmission ; insecticide-resistance ; mosquito-borne disease ; mosquito control ; natural compounds ; phytochemical ; malaria vector ; insecticide treated nets ; cytochrome P450s ; kdr ; cuticular resistance ; deltamethrin ; imidacloprid ; bifenthrin ; β-cyfluthrin ; etofenprox ; α-cypermethrin ; λ-cyhalothrin ; thiacloprid ; mosquitoes ; Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; diagnostic bioassay ; resistance monitoring ; insecticide-treated nets (ITN) ; strain characterisation ; method development ; product evaluation ; quality control (QC) ; dual active ingredients (dual-AI) ; bioefficacy ; IRS ; application technology ; broflanilide ; clothianidin ; pirimiphos-methyl ; WHO tube ; WHO tunnel test ; ITNs ; interceptor ; interceptor G2 ; membrane ; human arm ; rabbit ; bioassay ; bio-efficacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Connected intelligent sensing reshapes our society by empowering people with increasing new ways of mutual interactions. As integration technologies keep their scaling roadmap, the horizon of sensory applications is rapidly widening, thanks to myriad light-weight low-power or, in same cases even self-powered, smart devices with high-connectivity capabilities. CMOS integrated circuits technology is the best candidate to supply the required smartness and to pioneer these emerging sensory systems. As a result, new challenges are arising around the design of these integrated circuits and systems for sensory applications in terms of low-power edge computing, power management strategies, low-range wireless communications, integration with sensing devices. In this Special Issue recent advances in application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and systems for smart sensory applications in the following five emerging topics: (I) dedicated short-range communications transceivers; (II) digital smart sensors, (III) implantable neural interfaces, (IV) Power Management Strategies in wireless sensor nodes and (V) neuromorphic hardware.
    Keywords: wake-up receiver ; digital controller ; reliability ; electronic toll collection (ETC) system ; dedicated short range communication (DSRC) ; temperature compensation ; piezoresistive ; pressure sensor ; negative temperature coefficient ; ACE-Q100 ; CMOS ; epilepsy ; seizure ; multichannel neural recording ; feature extraction ; closed-loop neurostimulator ; low-power ; low-noise amplifier ; implantable medical device ; switched capacitor ; voltage converter ; wide load range ; multiphase operation ; variable frequency ; integrated circuits ; EEPROM reprogrammable fuses ; memory cells ; trimming techniques with fuses ; digital temperature sensor ; temperature sensor with digital serial interface ; asynchronous control logic ; successive approximation register (SAR) ; wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) ; low power consumption ; capacitive digital to analog converter (CDAC) ; CMOS neural amplifier ; AC coupling ; pseudoresistor ; nonlinear distortion ; area-efficient design ; sensor node ; power mode ; wireless sensor networks ; power management ; spiking neural network ; leaky integrate and fire ; neuromorphic ; artificial neural networks ; artificial intelligence ; image classification ; capacitance-to-digital converter ; iterative-delay-chain discharge ; CMOS capacitive sensor interface ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Phenolic compounds in food such as fruits, vegetables, wine, spices, and oils have been characterized and their possible effects on human health has been studied in depth. Several technological aspects have also been considered concerning the sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds, the long-term storage effects, and the influence of fermentation and boiling techniques on their properties.
    Keywords: chestnut ; water curing ; non-targeted MS analysis ; antioxidants ; Arecaceae ; polyphenols ; volatile content ; antioxidant activity ; liquid chromatography ; inflammation ; lung ; oxidative damage ; antiviral ; polyphenol ; phenolic acids ; flavonoids ; Vicia faba ; functional food ; green solvents ; biologically active compounds ; selective separation ; medicinal plants ; ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; microwave-assisted extraction ; kombucha ; black tea ; long-term storage ; antioxidant scavenging activity ; total phenolic content ; meat quality ; antimicrobial activity ; C. scolymus ; food quality ; beverages ; health properties ; antioxidant activities ; fibrinogen ; albumin ; rutin ; tannic acid ; resveratrol ; binding properties ; first order ; kinetic modelling ; zero order ; food processing ; herbal tea ; boiling ; EVOO ; vegetables ; phenolic compounds ; thermal treatment ; processing techniques ; bioaccessibility ; bioavailability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.
    Keywords: woody biomass crops ; bioenergy ; biodiversity ; species richness ; flora ; vascular plants ; short rotation coppices ; poplars ; willows ; feeding simulation ; defoliation ; herbivory ; short rotation coppice ; phosphatase activity ; nutrient content ; growth stages ; biomass ; willow ; Salix ; capacity ; European larch ; fast-growing trees ; plantations ; plantation area ; poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” ; sown area ; biomass production ; life cycle assessment ; climate impact ; soil organic carbon ; genotypic difference ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; Populus ; INRA 717-1B4 ; pyramidal plant habitus ; leaf petiole angle ; branch angle ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; carbon ; physiology ; F. mandshurica ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; photosynthetic vitality ; chlorophyll and phenol content ; nutrition supply ; dry matter yield ; land reclamation ; spring pruning ; year-long pruning ; branching ; angle diversion of sprout ; dry matter losses ; poplar wood chips ; laboratory scale ; cultivable saproxylic microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.
    Keywords: watermelon ; salt stress ; RNA-seq ; amino acids ; endocytosis ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; halophyte ; high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) ; Na+ transporter ; salt tolerance ; Sporobolus virginicus ; aquaporins ; barley ; ion transport ; oocytes ; plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) ; GmbZIP15 ; transcription factor ; drought stress ; soybean ; biotechnology breeding ; high-throughput sequencing ; QTLs ; rice ; halophytic wild barley ; salinity ; osmotic stress ; metabolome ; transcriptome ; ionome ; stress adaptation ; Hordeum marinum ; aquaporin ; Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ; plant growth ; abiotic stress ; sensing ; signaling ; transcription factors ; osmoregulation ; antioxidation ; ion homeostasis ; jasmonates ; jasmonate signaling pathway ; crosstalk ; exogenous jasmonate applications ; GWAS ; PGPR ; ACC deaminase ; seed priming ; IAA ; cell wall integrity ; cell wall sensor ; LRXs ; CrRLK1Ls ; Millettia pinnata ; calmodulin-like ; heterologous expression ; halophiles ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) ; quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In recent years, new and emerging digital technologies applied to food science have been gaining attention and increased interest from researchers and the food/beverage industries. In particular, those digital technologies that can be used throughout the food value chain are accurate, easy to implement, affordable, and user-friendly. Hence, this Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to novel technology based on sensor technology and machine/deep learning modeling strategies to implement artificial intelligence (AI) into food and beverage production and for consumer assessment. This SI published quality papers from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Spain, and Mexico, including food and beverage products, such as grapes and wine, chocolate, honey, whiskey, avocado pulp, and a variety of other food products.
    Keywords: sensory ; physicochemical measurements ; artificial neural networks ; near infra-red spectroscopy ; wine quality ; machine learning modeling ; weather ; consumer acceptance prediction ; data fusion ; emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; galvanic skin response ; machine learning ; neural networks ; sensory analysis ; avocado ; cultivars ; preference mapping ; sensory evaluation ; sensory descriptive analysis ; consumer science ; unifloral honeys ; botanical origin ; physicochemical parameters ; classification ; natural language processing ; deep learning ; sensory science ; flavor lexicon ; long short-term memory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The second volume of the book contains the manuscripts that were accepted for publication in the MDPI Special Topic "Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure" after a rigorous peer-review process. Authors from academia, government and industry contributed their innovative solutions, consistent with the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity. The book contains 16 articles, including an editorial that explains the current challenges, innovative solutions and real-world experiences that include critical infrastructure and 15 original papers that present state-of-the-art innovative solutions to attacks on critical systems.
    Keywords: Cybersecurity ; critical Infrastructures ; privacy preservation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint reviews a crop pest management use for several essential oils and the properties of an excellent lemon (citral) source. Research is reported on the biological properties of enhanced lemon oil along with the human intake of citrus beverages and the less common medicinal mastiha oil. Oils and hydrolates of rosemary and lavender were analyzed by headspace/GC-MS to better define their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, and yeast particle encapsulation was investigated for the controlled release of bioactive terpenes.
    Keywords: monoterpenes ; mastiha oil ; absorption ; Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck ; essential oil ; citral ; nutraceuticals ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; terpenes ; yeast particles ; antimicrobial ; anthelmintic ; prodrug ; beverages ; Citrus ; coumarins ; furocoumarins ; polymethoxyflavones ; linear retention indices ; liquid chromatography ; tandem mass spectrometry ; multiple reaction monitoring ; quality control ; Backhousia citriodora ; lemon myrtle ; lemon oils ; geranial ; neral ; iso-citrals ; citronellal ; flavor ; fragrance ; biological activity ; Lavandula angustifolia ; Rosmarinus officinalis ; essential oils ; hydrolates ; chemical analysis ; volatile compounds ; phytochemicals ; synergism ; fractional inhibitory concentration ; insect mortality rate ; phytopathogenic fungi ; insect pests ; pesticide resistance ; fungicide resistance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; urban park ; thermal comfort ; physiological equivalent temperature ; perceived thermal comfort ; urban heat island ; air temperature ; sustainable cities ; smart cities ; urban health ; global warming ; urban green spaces ; sustainable urban development ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; urban resilience  ; heatwaves ; urban overheating ; urban heat island intensity ; energy budget equation ; sensible heat flux ; latent heat flux ; advective heat flux ; Australian climatic conditions ; coastal cities ; desert climate ; surface urban heat island effect ; land use/land cover ; partial least square regression ; nonlinear programming ; Shanghai ; China ; urban form ; urban microclimate design ; city ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cool roof ; passive radiative cooling ; metamaterials ; prototype ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The recent successes of machine learning, especially regarding systems based on deep neural networks, have encouraged further research activities and raised a new set of challenges in understanding and designing complex machine learning algorithms. New applications require learning algorithms to be distributed, have transferable learning results, use computation resources efficiently, convergence quickly on online settings, have performance guarantees, satisfy fairness or privacy constraints, incorporate domain knowledge on model structures, etc. A new wave of developments in statistical learning theory and information theory has set out to address these challenges. This Special Issue, "Machine Learning and Information Theory", aims to collect recent results in this direction reflecting a diverse spectrum of visions and efforts to extend conventional theories and develop analysis tools for these complex machine learning systems.
    Keywords: supervised classification ; independent and non-identically distributed features ; analytical error probability ; empirical risk ; generalization error ; K-means clustering ; model compression ; population risk ; rate distortion theory ; vector quantization ; overfitting ; information criteria ; entropy ; model-based clustering ; merging mixture components ; component overlap ; interpretability ; time series prediction ; finite state machines ; hidden Markov models ; recurrent neural networks ; reservoir computers ; long short-term memory ; deep neural network ; information theory ; local information geometry ; feature extraction ; spiking neural network ; meta-learning ; information theoretic learning ; minimum error entropy ; artificial general intelligence ; closed-loop transcription ; linear discriminative representation ; rate reduction ; minimax game ; fairness ; HGR maximal correlation ; independence criterion ; separation criterion ; pattern dictionary ; atypicality ; Lempel–Ziv algorithm ; lossless compression ; anomaly detection ; information-theoretic bounds ; distribution and federated learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Information is key, which means that measurements are key. For this reason, this book provides unique insight into state-of-the-art research works regarding optical measurement systems. Optical systems are fast and precise, and the ongoing challenge is to enable optical principles for in-process measurements. Presented within this book is a selection of promising optical measurement approaches for real-world applications.
    Keywords: speckle photography ; in-process measurement ; deep rolling process ; generalized phase shifting interferometry ; dual-aperture common-path interferometer ; real-time optical instrumentation ; optomechatronic systems ; electrical steel ; optical coherence tomography ; OCT ; scanning ; process monitoring ; laser material processing ; spot compensation ; low coherence interferometry ; LCI ; wind lidar ; Doppler lidar ; bistatic ; metrology ; traceability ; wind energy ; meteorology ; diffraction grating ; grating pitch ; mode-locked femtosecond laser ; laser diffraction ; diffraction equation ; measurement uncertainty analysis ; image processing ; pattern recognition ; wind energy turbines ; turbulence wedges ; coherence scanning interferometry ; in-process application ; Mirau interferometer ; vibration compensation ; interferometric distance sensor ; optical path length modulation ; oscillating reference mirror ; hairpin ; laser welding ; semantic segmentation ; dilated convolution ; sdu-net ; spatter detection ; quality assurance ; fast prediction time ; in situ measurement ; optical metrology ; quality control ; interferometry ; fringe projection ; computational shear interferometry ; coherence function ; structure function ; additive manufacturing ; medium voltage switchgear ; SF6 alternatives ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; gas mixing modeling ; multicomponent diffusion analysis ; explosion ; coal dust ; methane ; explosion suppression ; spectral characteristics ; explosion pressure ; radiation intensity ; free radicals ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue contains one review and five original articles, all of which address cutting-edge research in the field of water and environmental virology. The review article by Gerba and Betancourt summarizes the current status and future needs for the development of virus detection methods in water reuse systems, especially focusing on methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses. Original papers cover a variety of research topics, such as an environmental monitoring survey of group A rotaviruses in sewage and oysters in Japan, the occurrence and genetic diversity of noroviruses and rotaviruses in a wastewater reclamation system in China, the detection of viruses and their indicators in tanker water and its sources in Nepal, integrated culture next-generation sequencing to identify the diversity of F-specific RNA coliphages in wastewater, and the development of a portable collection and detection method for viruses from ambient air and its application to a wastewater treatment plant.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; reuse ; aerosols ; viral indicator ; wastewater treatment ; microbial contamination ; index virus ; real-time PCR ; tanker water ; virus ; wastewater reclamation ; pathogenic virus ; infectivity ; chlorination ; molecular methods ; wastewater ; next-generation sequencing ; fecal source tracking ; oyster ; fecal-source marker ; viral contamination ; cell culture ; pathogenic microorganisms ; rotavirus ; ultraviolet disinfection ; F-specific RNA bacteriophage strain ; sewage ; waterborne gastroenteritis viruses ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint is devoted to “greener catalysis for environmental applications”, and primarily covers the catalytic synthesis of value-added chemicals, as well as the catalytic removal of pollutants. The most important topics covered were the conversion of waste to the product, solvent-free conditions as well as toxicity assessment of the reaction products.
    Keywords: selectivity tuning ; CO2 methanation ; reverse water gas shift ; photocatalysis ; dye ; UV ; peroxydisulfate ; advanced oxidation process ; Fischer-Tropsch ; jet fuel ; gasoline ; CoMn ; hydrotalcite-like precursors ; heterogeneous catalysis ; montmorillonite ; benzimidazoles ; gallium ; vanadium ; hydrodesulfurization ; hydrogenation ; synthesis method ; catalysis ; zero valent iron ; de-chlorination ; borohydride ; sol-gel ; ferromagnetic ; glycine–nitrate process ; copper-based nanoparticles ; photocatalysis activity ; NP9EO ; Fenton degradation ; ofloxacin ; Fe3O4 ; zeolite ; heterogeneous ; ion exchange resins ; waste cooking oil ; reuse of catalyst ; epoxidation ; Circular Economy ; contaminants of emerging concern ; advanced oxidation processes ; by-products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Vegetable crops provide valuable minerals and vitamins that are indispensible for human health. Scientists have been working on the genetics of vegetable crops, deciphering the molecular bases of agronomically important traits. These genetic bases and variations in vegetable traits will greatly facilitate vegetable genetic improvement. Therefore, the genes of and genetic research on vegetable crops are of great importance. This Special Issue is a collection of 13 important research papers addressing the genes, genetics, and breeding of major vegetable crops. In the present book, the authors described the genes and QTLs responsible for stress tolerance, disease resistance, vegetable yield, and quality. The 13 research papers cover germplasm enhancement and evaluation, QTL mapping, gene isolation, marker development, and gene expression as well as gene editing in a wide range of vegetable species, including broccoli, pepper, eggplant, onion, and Cucurbita species. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of improving breeding efficiency with molecular breeding to generate environment-adaptive, high-yield, and high-quality vegetable crops with which to feed the global population of 9.7 billion in an extreme climate by 2050.
    Keywords: pepper ; Capsicum annuum ; Phytophthora capsici ; high-density genetic map ; QTL ; Capcicum annuum L. ; RNA-Seq ; nitrogen-use efficiency ; low-nitrogen tolerance ; CaHSP18.1a ; gene silencing ; transgenic Arabidopsis ; heat stress ; gene expression ; pumpkin ; simple sequence repeat (SSR) ; syntenic relationship ; cross-species markers ; population structure ; eggplant ; heat shock factor (Hsf) ; heat shock protein (Hsp) ; thermotolerance ; C. frutescens ; SSR ; germplasm ; genetic diversity ; CRISPR/Cas ; gene knockout ; genome editing ; germplasm resource ; precision editing ; regulatory framework ; trait improvement ; Brassica oleracea ; broccoli ; candidate gene ; anthocyanin ; allelochemicals ; VOCs properties ; VOCs action ; VOCs detection ; green agriculture ; progress ; genetic researches ; molecular breeding ; transcriptomics ; transcription factor ; heritability ; genetic advance ; multi-trait selection ; principal component analysis ; HRM ; molecular marker ; phylogenetic analysis ; RNA sequencing ; SCAR ; SNP ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Demand Response in Smart Grids” includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer.
    Keywords: demand response ; population evolution ; irrational behavior ; Markov state ; non-cooperative game ; solid electric thermal storage ; cyber–physical model ; K-means ; support vector machine ; neural network ; data analysis ; demand response (DR), load profile clustering ; k-means ; targeting of customer ; aggregator ; ramp period ; real-time simulation ; multi-objective optimization ; social welfare metrics ; energy allocation ; load disaggregation ; percentage total harmonic distortion and non-intrusive identification of load pattern ; charging strategy ; optimization ; electricity pricing ; electric vehicle ; flexibility ; flexibility market ; home energy management system ; energy flexibility ; industrial energy management ; demand side management ; control approaches ; energy management ; optimization method ; objective function ; control constraints ; Demand Response ; dynamic thermal rating ; hosting capacity ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression.
    Keywords: 3CAI ; GRIA1 ; GRIA2 ; intractable epilepsy ; PICK1 ; protein kinase C ; pericytes ; mural cells ; cytokine ; blood-brain barrier ; neuroinflammation ; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ; AKT ; cyclosporin A ; GluA1 ; GluR1 ; PDK1 ; refractory seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; 4-aminopyridine ; epilepsy model ; long-term potentiation ; AMPA receptor ; audiogenic epilepsy ; rodents ; fear reaction ; behavior genetics ; c-Fos ; early gene activation ; epileptogenesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; pentylenetetrazole ; post-traumatic epilepsy ; seizure susceptibility ; traumatic brain injury ; epilepsy ; ghrelin ; ghrelin receptor ; anxiety ; TRPV1 channels ; neuronal activity ; neuropsychiatric comorbidity ; immunofluorescence ; audiogenic kindling ; acoustically evoked seizures ; EACT ; generalized tonic-clonic seizures ; inherited epilepsy ; TMEM1A channels ; wild running seizures ; astrocyte ; ML365 ; pharmacoresistant epilepsy ; cortical atrophy ; hippocampal atrophy ; intracerebral electrode ; magnetic resonance imaging ; posttraumatic epilepsy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.
    Keywords: subject-dependent emotion recognition ; subject-independent emotion recognition ; electrodermal activity (EDA) ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; automatic facial emotion recognition ; intensity of emotion recognition ; behavioral biometrical systems ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; driving stress ; electrodermal activity ; road traffic ; road types ; Viola-Jones ; facial emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; facial detection ; facial landmarks ; infrared thermal imaging ; homography matrix ; socially assistive robot ; EEG ; arousal detection ; valence detection ; data transformation ; normalization ; mental stress detection ; electrocardiogram ; respiration ; in-ear EEG ; emotion classification ; emotion monitoring ; elderly caring ; outpatient caring ; stress detection ; deep neural network ; convolutional neural network ; wearable sensors ; psychophysiology ; sensor data analysis ; time series analysis ; signal analysis ; similarity measures ; correlation statistics ; quantitative analysis ; benchmarking ; boredom ; emotion ; GSR ; classification ; sensor ; face landmark detection ; fully convolutional DenseNets ; skip-connections ; dilated convolutions ; emotion recognition ; physiological sensing ; multimodal sensing ; flight simulation ; activity recognition ; physiological signals ; thoracic electrical bioimpedance ; smart band ; stress recognition ; physiological signal processing ; long short-term memory recurrent neural networks ; information fusion ; pain recognition ; long-term stress ; electroencephalography ; perceived stress scale ; expert evaluation ; affective corpus ; multimodal sensors ; overload ; underload ; interest ; frustration ; cognitive load ; stress research ; affective computing ; human-computer interaction ; deep convolutional neural network ; transfer learning ; auxiliary loss ; weighted loss ; class center ; stress sensing ; smart insoles ; smart shoes ; unobtrusive sensing ; stress ; center of pressure ; regression ; signal processing ; arousal ; aging adults ; musical genres ; emotion elicitation ; dataset ; emotion representation ; feature selection ; feature extraction ; computer science ; virtual reality ; head-mounted display ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The reprint focuses on the latest research in cybersecurity and data science. Digital transformation turns data into the new oil, so the increasing availability of big data, structured and unstructured datasets, raises new challenges in cybersecurity, efficient data processing and knowledge extraction. The field of cybersecurity and data science fuels the data-driven economy. Innovations in this field require strong foundations in mathematics, statistics, machine learning and information security. The unprecedented increase in the availability of data in many fields of science and technology (e.g., genomic data, data from industrial environments, network traffic, streaming media, sensory data of smart cities, and social network data) ask for new methods and solutions for data processing, information extraction and decision support. This stimulates the development of new methods of data analysis, including those adapted to the analysis of new data structures and the growing volume of data. The papers included in this reprint discuss various topics ranging from cyberattacks, steganography, anomaly detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modelling of the threats, and wireless security evaluation, as well as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Given this diversity of topics the book represents a valuable reference for researchers in cybersecurity security and data science.
    Keywords: steganography ; network security ; steganography detection ; steganalysis ; machine learning ; big data ; IoT ; pattern mining ; wireless communications ; covert channel ; dirty constellation ; wireless postmodulation steganography ; phase drift ; drift correction modulation ; undetectability ; security ; quadrature amplitude modulation ; spam ; phishing ; classification ; augmented dataset ; multi-language emails ; cybersecurity ; data protection ; SoC ; threat agents ; motivation ; opportunity ; capability ; user profiling ; implicit ; modeling ; real-time user monitoring ; complexity threat agent ; threat assessment ; network traffic analysis ; convolutional neural networks ; network traffic images ; visualization of traffic ; classifiers ; e-mail ; ham ; data science ; datasets ; cyber threats modeling ; multi-agent systems ; cyber deception ; pseudorandom sequences generators ; prime numbers ; additive Fibonacci generator ; statistical characteristics ; android device ; BrainShield ; hybrid model ; malware detection ; Omnidroid ; image processing ; BOSS database ; ensemble classifier ; deep learning ; stegomalware ; traffic analysis ; network probe ; hash function ; SHA-3 ; FPGA ; cognitive security ; cyberattacks ; game software ; threat matrix computing ; evaluation function ; data modeling ; authentication ; bit template ; information-processing electronic device ; Poisson pulse sequences generators ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The practical importance of economic valuation information can hardly be overstated. Coastal and marine resource policy planning and management benefit from complete information on the impact of policy decisions.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; internet survey ; open access ; contingent valuation method ; coastal management ; tourism ; Thailand ; marine ; wetlands ; harmful algae blooms ; environmental valuation ; quota ; cyanobacteria ; estuarine and coastal ecosystems ; wealth accounting ; seawater quality ; economic analysis ; remote sensing ; ecosystem restoration ; coastal ecosystems ; random utility model ; contingent behavior ; public policy ; habitat–fishery linkages ; Barbados ; coastal ecosystem services valuation ; fishery ; mangroves ; ecosystem services valuation ; coral reefs valuation ; recreational boating ; regulated open access ; non-market value ; economic valuation ; ecosystem services ; coastal ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.
    Keywords: maize ; NPK ; SiO2-NPs ; productivity ; fertilizer ; mineral ; weevils ; LC50 ; toxicity ; mesoporous silica ; nanomaterials ; desulfurization ; fuel ; JP-8 ; black silicon ; light absorption enhanced ; micro-nano manufacturing ; nanometer surface ; nano-silica ; tricalcium aluminate ; pozzolanic reaction ; C-A-S-H gel ; silicon nanoparticles ; silicon nanowires ; synthesis ; high energy density ; lithium-ion batteries ; high-capacity anode ; VLS ; laser pyrolysis ; size effect ; shape effect ; biomass rice husk ; silicon ; nanocrystals ; luminescence ; high porosity ; pH sensor ; temperature sensor ; dual sensor ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; Si nanostructures ; high aspect ratio ; zone plate ; silicon nanowire ; nanowire array ; silicon anode ; n-type silicon anode ; Li-ion battery ; nanowires ; nanonets ; transistor ; integration process ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue provides a collection of recent research and reviews that investigate many areas of welfare assessment, such as novel approaches and technologies used to evaluate the welfare of farmed, captive, or wild animals. Research in this Special Issue includes welfare assessment related to pilot whales, finishing pigs, commercial turkey flocks, and dairy goats; the use of sensors or wearable technologies, such as heart rate monitors to assess sleep in dairy cows, ear tag sensors, and machine learning to assess commercial pig behaviour; non-invasive measures, such as video monitoring of behaviour, computer vision to analyse video footage of red foxes, remote camera traps of free-roaming wild horses, infrared thermography of effort and sport recovery in sport horses; telomere length and regulatory genes as novel biomarkers of stress in broiler chickens; the effect of environment on growth physiology and behaviour of laboratory rare minnows and housing system on anxiety, stress, fear, and immune function of laying hens; and discussions of natural behaviour in farm animal welfare and maintaining health, welfare, and productivity of commercial pig herds.
    Keywords: bioethics ; domestication ; genetic selection ; animal behavior ; animal welfare ; eye caruncle temperature ; Spanish Sport Horse ; performance test ; genetic lines ; heritability ; infrared thermography ; pigs ; welfare ; health ; herd management ; monitoring technologies ; animal husbandry ; welfare assessment ; wellbeing ; goat ; caprine ; dairy ; dairy cows ; heart rate ; sleep ; heart rate variability ; polysomnography ; animal-based welfare indicators ; camera traps ; wild horses ; precision swine farming ; ear tag pig sensor ; behavioral monitoring ; machine intelligence ; technology adoption ; broiler ; corticosterone ; performance ; telomeres ; telomere regulators ; stress biomarkers ; horse ; equine ; lying ; time budget ; locomotion ; geriatric ; orthopedic ; recumbency ; mixed commercial turkey flocks ; on-farm assessment ; YOLOv4 ; computer vision ; animal monitoring ; animal activity ; body posture ; rare minnow ; environmental enrichment ; growth ; physiology ; anxiety-like behavior ; enrichment ; hospitalization requirement ; lameness ; lesions ; tail biting ; attention bias ; conventional cage ; environmental complexity ; feather corticosterone ; IgA ; laying hen ; animal welfare assessment ; behaviour ; human intervention ; marine mammal ; cetacean ; management ; stranding ; wildlife ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book presents 22 of the accepted presentations at the 1st International Electronic Conference on Algorithms which was held completely online from September 27 to October 10, 2021. It contains 16 proceeding papers as well as 6 extended abstracts. The works presented in the book cover a wide range of fields dealing with the development of algorithms. Many of contributions are related to machine learning, in particular deep learning. Another main focus among the contributions is on problems dealing with graphs and networks, e.g., in connection with evacuation planning problems.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The Special Issue aimed to bring together scientists working in various branches of control theory to discuss manufacturing control problems that include the following: enterprise control and digital ecosystem creation; the development of identification theory and methodology, and related mathematical problems; parameter, nonparametric, and structure identification and expert analysis; problems regarding selection and data analysis; control systems with an identifier; modeling in intelligent systems; simulation procedures and software; digital identification; reinforcement learning; quantum modeling; intelligent model predictive control; predictive cognitive issues; problems with software quality for complex systems; and global network resources for support processes of modeling and control.
    Keywords: decision-making ; psychic and behavioral components of activity ; action ; result of activity ; equilibrium stability ; consensus ; threshold behavior ; cognitive dissonance ; conformity ; informational control ; informational confrontation ; soft sensing ; multivariate filter ; reactive distillation ; optimal stochastic control ; path planning ; 2D random search ; interception ; external disturbances ; invariance ; block control principle ; decomposition ; high-gain factors ; sliding mode control ; sigmoid function ; Gramian method ; bilinear system process identification ; generalized Lyapunov equation ; knowledgebase ; associative search models ; wavelet analysis ; adaptive differential evolution ; evolutionary computing ; Hammerstein ; nonlinear system identification ; bilinear systems ; eigenmode decomposition ; spectral expansions ; Gramians ; observability ; controllability ; small-signal analysis ; numerical algorithm ; tokamak ; plasma equilibrium reconstruction ; linear plasma models ; identification ; state observer ; LMI ; least square technique ; deep neural network ; parametric uncertainty ; robust control ; super-stability ; regular form ; dynamic mode decomposition ; system identification ; Runge–Kutta method ; nonparametric model ; artificial neural network ; Izhikevich artificial neuron ; vestibular–ocular reflex ; control Lyapunov function ; Bayes criterion ; Haar wavelets ; loss function ; mean risk ; observable stochastic systems (OStS) ; stochastic process (StP) ; wavelet canonical expansion (WLCE) ; nonparametric identification ; dynamic system ; integral model ; Volterra equations ; smoothing cubic splines ; selection of the smoothing option ; modeling ; regularization ; inverse problems ; balanced identification ; error analysis ; one-dimensional heat equation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: One of the great challenges of contemporary society is establishing a sustainable way of life in harmony with the environment without compromising economic growth and technological development. On the other hand, the increase in the world population has driven per capita consumption, and consequently, the generation of waste. Because of this, new materials are being developed from different types of waste. This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent scientific findings in the area of “New Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Materials” manufactured from different material types (polymers, ceramics, metallics, and composites) and urban, industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. Moreover, scientific topics such as improving performance and durability, materials characterization, hybrid materials, foams and porous materials, trends and advances, and mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties will also be accepted.
    Keywords: palygorskite ; adsorption ; anionic dye ; cationic dye ; water treatment ; perlite tailings ; aggregate ; alkali–silicate reaction ; ceramic residue ; alkaline activation ; experimental design ; durability tests ; kaolin ; solid residues ; pozzolanic activity ; cement mortar ; carbonation ; poly (lactic acid) ; high-density biopolyethylene ; bioblends ; compatibilization ; scheelite tailings ; sustainable ceramic mass ; red ceramic ; firing parameters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances and development in target tracking techniques to determine how they can be adapted for modern radar and sonar systems. After peer review, 17 articles in related areas have been accepted for publishing in this Special Issue. The published articles cover a range of topics and applications central to target tracking. There are eight papers about general multi-target tracking, including the topics of joint tracking and classification [3], adaptive estimation using clutter measurement probability [6], joint localization and tracking [7], extended target tracking [8], tracking with smoothing [11], DOA tracking [12], tracking under low detection probability [14], and sonar tracking and interception [17]. Three papers address multi-sensor multi-target tracking methods. Specifically, a multi-target estimating method for pulsed radar systems is proposed in [2], a joint dwell time and bandwidth optimization method in a radar network is proposed in [4], a and multiple marine ship tracking method with unknown backgrounds is presented in [9]. There are 2 papers [10,15] on the problem of target assignment in multi-sensor multi-target tracking. Moreover, Mallick et al. considered measures of nonlinearity of a polynomial curve in two dimensions [1], Zhao et al. explored the use of calibration targets for which the positions are known to the MPR system, to counter the loss in target localization accuracy arising from transmitter/receiver position errors [13], and Li et al. proposed an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation in [16].
    Keywords: Target tracking ; target detection ; radar system ; sonar system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
    Keywords: positron emission tomography (PET) ; pyrazoles ; fluorine-18 ; radionuclides ; PET probes ; imaging pharmaceuticals ; hypopharyngeal cancer ; 188Re-liposome ; repeated therapy ; NGS ; microRNA ; aprepitant ; radiopharmaceuticals ; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist ; radionuclide chelators ; kidney uptake ; cleavable linkers ; neutral endopeptidase (NEP) ; renal brush border enzymes ; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ; cancer imaging and therapy ; somatostatin analogs ; radiolabeling ; radionuclide therapy ; imaging ; adrenergic receptor ; positron emission tomography ; radiotracer ; cholecystokinin-2 receptor ; minigastrin ; molecular imaging ; targeted radiotherapy ; lutetium-177 ; EpCAM ; radionuclide ; SPECT ; iodine ; PIB ; breast ; cancer ; PET ; target-specific biomolecules ; immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals ; production processes ; 124I-labeled monoclonal antibodies ; radiotracers ; AAZTA ; scandium-44 ; FAP ; SA ; DPP ; PREP ; radioiodine labeling ; radioiodination ; biomolecules ; peptides ; proteins ; monoclonal antibodies ; 123,124,125,131I-labeled molecules and biomolecules ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems.
    Keywords: analytical solution ; Fourier cosine series ; vibrations ; FGM rectangular plates ; Mindlin plate theory ; phased array transducer ; transducer optimization ; beam focusing ; pulse–echo mode ; harmonic generation ; stress-free boundary ; total correction ; acoustic emission ; electrical resistance ; damage monitoring ; criticality ; natural time analysis ; nonlinear parameter ; noncontact reception ; air-coupled receiver ; aluminum samples ; corrections ; field theory ; deformation and fracture ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; electronic speckle pattern interferometry ; concrete beam ; bending ; cementitious matrix ; FRCM ; analytical model ; numerical model ; linear low-density polyethylene ; digital image correlation ; optical non-destructive testing ; speckle ; fourier scaling theorem ; gaussian filtering ; optical methods ; AlSi10Mg ; SLM ; NDE ; deep learning ; CNN ; k-fold cross validation ; non-destructive testing ; optical interferometry ; residual stress ; thermal expansion ; elasticity ; high entropy alloys ; complex concentrated alloys ; refractory metal intermetallic composites ; high entropy phases ; complex concentrated phases ; Nb silicide-based alloys ; alloy design ; biomechanics ; Achilles tendon ; beam-to-beam contact ; arbitrary cross-section ; ANCF ; lithium-ion batteries ; redox-active organic anode ; organic anode materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: A collection of 18 scientific papers written in honor of Professor Karlheinz Schwarz's 80th birthday. The main topics include spectroscopy, excited states, DFT developments, results analysis, solid states, and surfaces.
    Keywords: density functional theory ; Coulomb systems ; excited states ; nodal variational principle ; DFT ; anatase TiO2(101) surface ; adsorption energy ; Bader charge ; helium atom ; screened Coulomb potential ; variational Monte Carlo method ; Lagrange mesh method ; comparison theorem ; TD-DFT ; MC-PDFT ; Lie–Clementi ; Colle–Salvetti ; OLEDs ; subphthalocyanines ; UV–visible spectra ; axial substituents ; peripheral substituents ; time-dependent DFT ; hexatetra-carbon ; electrical properties ; molecular aggregates ; singlet excitons ; triplet excitons ; TDDFT ; charge-transfer states ; charge-resonance states ; Frenkel states ; localized excitations ; diabatic states ; adiabatic states ; semiconductors ; oscillator strength ; hybrid exchange-correlation functional ; non-local potential ; statistics ; methods comparison ; benchmarking ; band gaps ; atomization energy ; DFT codes ; electronic structure calculation ; numerical accuracy and precision ; kinetic functional ; Yukawa potential ; periodic DFTB ; deMonNano ; graphene ; graphite ; benzene dimers ; deposited benzene ; supported clusters ; weighted mulliken charges ; LAPW method ; APW+lo method ; all-electron DFT ; density matrix functional embedding ; density-functional theory ; householder transformation ; He atomic basis sets ; helium dimer ; He2 potential well ; correlation energy ; complete basis set ; sigma basis set ; atomic multiplet theory ; crystal/ligand-field theory ; coordination compounds ; electronic structure ; Cu2OCl2 ; Cu2OBr2 ; Cu2OI2 ; oxyhalides ; magnetic couplings ; Néel temperature ; chemical pressure ; NMR ; machine learning ; zeolites ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This Special Issue collects original research articles discussing cutting-edge work as well as perspectives on future directions in the whole range of theoretical and practical aspects in these research areas: i) Theory of fuzzy systems and soft computing; ii) Learning procedures; iii) Decision-making applications employing fuzzy logic and soft computing.
    Keywords: fuzzy partition ; fuzzy transform ; new iterative method ; Cauchy problems ; ANFIS ; basmati rice ; image processing ; grading ; quality assessment ; fuzzy inference system ; causality ; statistics ; concept-mapping ; causal graph ; numerical methods ; systems of ordinary differential equations ; NIM ; fuzzy logics ; linear motion blur ; fuzzy deblurring ; electron beam calibration ; signal and image processing ; propagation modeling ; adaptive-network-based fuzzy system ; LoRa &amp ; LoRaWAN ; radio wave propagation ; artificial neural networks ; subtracting clustering ; dual double fuzzy semi-metric ; double fuzzy semi-metric ; fuzzy semi-metric space ; triangle inequality ; triangular norm ; eye gaze tracking ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic ; vision system ; mobile robots ; intelligent control ; ordered fuzzy number ; fuzzy relation ; preorder ; strict order ; equivalence relation ; variable neighborhood search ; experimental comparison ; statistical analysis ; traveling salesman problem ; soft computing ; modeling ; vector optimization ; methods of solution of vector problems ; optimal decision-making ; numerical realization of decision-making ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coarsening kinetics ; antifreeze protein ; microstructure ; ice crystals ; decomposition ; formation ; cryo-photo microscopy ; cryoprotective agent ; ice cream ; reformation ; tomography ; deformation ; clathrate hydrate ; Negative thermal expansivity ; tetrahydrofuran ; ice crystal ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; Grüneisen parameter ; modelling ; ab initio calculation ; freezing ; nanoscale pores ; quasi-liquid layer ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; potential of mean force ; gas hydrate ; spin labeling ; pre-decomposition pressure ; mW model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Thanks to their rich chemodiversity, marine natural products represent a unique source of new bioactive metabolites. As the new leading compounds in drug discovery and development, these molecules may represent challenges for the treatment of a number of human diseases, attracting the attention of many researchers during their chemical and biological studies. This Special Issue covers all fields of drugs research in which marine natural products are involved, including their isolation and characterization, biological activities, and medicinal applications as well as synthetic approaches and their related analogues. The cover picture shows “The Nudibranch mollusk Godiva quadricolor on a sponge, reflected under the surface during the low tide. Fusaro Lagoon, Bacoli (Naples)”.
    Keywords: alginate ; Sargassum duplicatum ; okra ; antioxidant ; diabetic ; wound healing ; sulfavant ; sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols ; sulfoglycolipids ; mass spectrometry ; UHPLC-MS ; lipids ; cancer therapy ; gold nanoparticles ; marine products ; natural products ; photosensitizer ; purpurin 18 ; reactive oxygen species ; seaweed ; biosilica ; diatom frustule ; sustainable production ; drug delivery ; Sargassum ilicifolium ; mangosteen rind ; diabetic mice ; Aquimarina sp. ; diketopiperazine ; N-phenethylacetamide ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; A549 cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Complex systems have long been an integral part of modern life and can be encountered everywhere. Undertaking a comprehensive study of such systems is a challenging problem, one which is impossible to solve without the use of contemporary mathematical modeling techniques. Mathematical models form the basis for the optimal design and control of complex systems. The present reprint contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems". This Special Issue is focused on recent theoretical and computational studies of complex systems modeling, control, and optimization. The topics addressed in this Special Issue cover a wide range of areas, including numerical simulation in physical, social, and life sciences; the modeling and analysis of complex systems based on mathematical methods and AI/ML approaches; control problems in robotics; design optimization of complex systems, modeling in economics and social sciences; stochastic models in physics and engineering; mathematical models in material science; and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling. It is our hope that the scientific results presented in this reprint will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration to those seeking to delve into complex systems modeling, control, and optimization and examine their wide-ranging applications.
    Keywords: optimal control problem ; evolutionary computation ; robotics applications ; optimal control ; Lyapunov stability ; equilibrium point ; symbolic regression ; Pontryagin’s maximum principle ; continuous-time Markov chains ; ergodicity bounds ; discrete state space ; rate of convergence ; logarithmic norm ; interval analysis ; function approximation ; global optimization ; convexity evaluation ; overestimators ; underestimators ; machine learning control ; general synthesis problem ; evolutionary algorithm ; adaptive interpolation algorithm ; interval ordinary differential equations (ODEs) ; sparse grids ; hierarchical basis ; multidimensional interpolation ; high dimensions ; molecular dynamics modeling ; randomized maximum entropy estimation ; probability density functions ; Lagrange multipliers ; Lyapunov-type problems ; implicit function ; rotation of vector field ; asymptotic efficiency ; thermokarst lakes ; forecasting ; dynamical tracking target ; ship towing system ; relative curvature ; adaptive control ; discrete velocity method ; lattice Boltzmann method ; computational fluid dynamics ; mathematical modeling ; estimation ; minimax techniques ; pareto optimization ; regression analysis ; statistical uncertainty ; proton exchange membrane ; proton electrolyte membrane ; PEM ; fuel cell ; PEMFC ; power electronic converter ; DC–DC boost converter ; model predictive control ; MPC ; self-scalable robots ; modular robots ; origami structures ; complex system ; synergistic effect ; performance indicator ; structure change ; soft robotics ; continuum mechanisms ; modeling of complex systems ; kinematic model of soft robots ; mathematical modeling of complex systems ; non-linear models ; soft robotic neck ; tendon-driven actuators ; mathematical modelling ; modelling in economics ; impact of the COVID-19 ; logistics businesses ; fractional-order virus models ; stuxnet virus ; numerical computing ; supervisory control and data acquisition systems ; computer networks ; lyapunov analysis ; image segmentation ; remote sensing ; terrain identification ; data synthesis ; transfer learning ; controllability ; observability ; stochastic linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; stochastic singular linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; semigroup ; evolution operator ; GE-semigroup ; GE-evolution operator ; stochastic GE-evolution operator ; feature selection ; finite normal mixtures ; moving separation of mixtures ; deep LSTM ; neural network architectures ; deep learning ; turbulent plasma ; air–sea fluxes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It consists of 16 papers presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, in several fields such as: mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: incremental pumps ; profiling of generating tools ; helical surfaces ; Romania ; coastal area ; wind energy ; measurements ; IEC classes ; wind turbines ; mass tourism ; management model ; Constanta ; PESTEL ; Black Sea ; sustainability ; eggplant peels ; bioactive compounds ; hydrogels ; anthocyanins ; beetroot peel ; betalains ; polyphenols ; CCD-RSM ; optimal control ; metaheuristic algorithms ; evolutionary algorithms ; simulation ; ventilation on ships ; HVAC requirements ; COVID-19 ; spread the disease ; airborne transmission ; HEPA filtration ; UV disinfection ; heat recovery ; L-tryptophan ; polypyrrole ; sensor ; amino acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; chronoamperometry ; atorvastatin ; carbon nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; Hippophae rhamnoides L. ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; antioxidant activity ; microencapsulation ; modulation ; electromagnetic disturbances ; electromagnetic compatibility ; military ship ; communication systems ; navigation conditions ; Danube River ; management tool ; quality function deployment ; house of quality ; enwrapping surfaces ; profiling ; geometrical methods ; tower ; wind turbine ; load ; offshore wind ; marine renewable energy ; living labs ; design thinking ; coastal zone ; integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) ; Romanian coastal zone ; Black Sea basin ; wind parameters ; historical data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.
    Keywords: polyoxometalates ; decavanadate ; cytotoxicity ; insulin-like activity ; diabetes therapy ; vanadium biochemistry ; vanadium speciation ; vanadium ; proteins ; DNA ; fluorescence ; binding constants ; mechanism of action ; oxidovanadium(V) ; vanadium Schiff base coordination complex ; low acute toxicity ; Oxidovanadium(V) ; Schiff base ; X-ray crystallography ; DNA interaction ; 2-aminopyrimidinium ; experimental and theoretical characterization ; DFT ; docking RNA/DNA ; vitamin E ; EPR ; tocopherol ; 51V NMR ; urethane ; aerosol delivery ; lung cancer ; apoptosis ; antineoplastic ; oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin ; vanadium cellular uptake ; anticancer ; albumin interaction ; glycosylated flavonoid ; oxidovanadium(IV) complex ; antitumoral ; antioxidant ; cell signaling ; cancer ; anticancer agents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book.
    Keywords: self-consciousness ; e-commerce ; consumer behavior ; Technology Acceptance Model ; risk tolerance ; financial well-being ; financial literacy ; overconfidence bias ; herding behavior ; social interaction ; investment intention ; stock market participation ; institutional quality ; international competitiveness ; emerging economies ; PLS-SEM ; lean manufacturing ; quality management ; commercial performance ; wastes ; DIRFT ; luxury fashion goods ; status consumption ; status quo ; clothing innovativeness ; clothing involvement ; PLS-PM ; public service logic ; new public management ; innovation ; co-creation ; co-production ; Spain ; cognitive destination image ; cruise ; satisfaction ; loyalty ; behavioral intention ; structural equation modeling ; National Health Services ; health–disease status ; health system performance ; health system sustainability ; health policy ; healthcare quality ; partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) ; structural equation model ; information and communication technology ; ICT integration ; PLS-SEM bootstrapping ; PLS-SEM with time series ; marketing mix modeling ; maximum entropy bootstrapping ; proactivity ; absorptive capacity ; potential absorptive capacity ; realised absorptive capacity ; structural equation modelling ; video tutorials ; blended learning ; online learning ; financial mathematics ; COVID-19 ; autonomy ; effectiveness ; CO2 emissions ; ESDA ; China ; corporate social responsibility ; corporate performance ; human resources management ; customer satisfaction ; partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes 16 original articles published in a Special Issue that focuses on the pathological significance of amyloid-β in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, the main cause of dementia. Collections in this reprint provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of repositioning drugs and new agents for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
    Keywords: activation phenotypes ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; immunohistochemistry ; temporal cortex ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid ; amyloid β-protein (Aβ) ; mAb158 ; oligomers ; protofibrils ; amyloid aggregation ; supported lipid bilayers ; time-lapse AFM ; molecular dynamics simulation ; alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid β ; bryostatin-1 ; ECE1 ; iPS ; nELAV ; neurotoxicity ; oligomer ; protein kinase C ; α-secretase ; APP mutation ; recessive inheritance ; familial Alzheimer’s disease ; Aβ oligomers ; amyloid imaging ; microbiota ; bacterial amyloid ; FUBA ; curli ; CsgA ; amyloid beta ; oxidative stress ; supplement ; phosphodiesterase III inhibitor ; cerebral micro-hemorrhage(s) ; cerebral amyloid angiopathy ; amyloid-β protein ; transgenic mice ; NMR ; CD ; Aβ ; β-amyloid peptide ; α/β-discordant ; Dutch-type mutation ; E22Q ; FAD ; Amyloid β ; Polyphenol ; Pro-oxidant ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; molecular imaging ; amyloid β-peptides ; islet amyloid polypeptide ; high-speed atomic force microscopy ; amyloid PET ; tau PET ; amyloid precursor protein ; mutation ; cerebellum ; PBB3 ; PiB ; axon ; traditional medicines ; Polygalae Radix ; diosgenin ; naringenin ; kihito ; amyloid-β ; antimicrobial ; antiviral ; antimicrobial peptide ; neurodegenerative disease ; misfolding ; fluorescence microscopy ; FRET ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Rapid developments have taken place over the recent years in the interventional cardiac electrophysiology. New methods and tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia have emerged. There are many questions which still present a challenge, such as the ablation of refractory ventricular tachycardia, how to improve the long-term success rate of persistent atrial fibrillation, the long-term effectiveness and safety of His–Purkinje conduction system pacing. Accordingly, we dedicate this Special Issue Current Updates on Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology to gathering the most recent progress in this field. Its aim is to present an overview of the current knowledge, latest evidence, and unresolved issues in this field. More specifically, the topics of interest include but are not limited to: atrial fibrillation; cryoablation; radiofrequency ablation; cardiac resynchronization therapy; His–Purkinje conduction system pacing; stereotactic radiotherapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia; pulsed electric field ablation; leadless pacemakers; and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
    Keywords: atrial fibrillation ; catheter ablation ; left atrial appendage occlusion ; stereotactic body radiotherapy ; refractory ventricular tachycardia ; treatment ; ablation ; elderly patients ; younger patients ; outcomes ; deep learning ; convolution neural network ; paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ; electrocardiography ; detection ; syncope ; vasovagal syncope ; ganglionated plexus ; high-frequency stimulation ; atrial fibrillation (AF) ; vein of Marshall (VOM) ; ethanol infusion ; coronary sinus (CS) ; coronary sinus ostium (CSo) ; cardiac implantable electronic device infection ; pocket infection ; antimicrobial therapy ; risk factors ; preventive strategies ; ventricular arrhythmias ; electrocardiogram ; algorithm ; left ventricular outflow tract ; COVID-19 pandemic ; interventional therapy ; percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion ; pharmacotherapy ; amiodarone ; arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ; abnormal electrograms ; ventricular tachycardia ; iatrogenic atrial septal defect ; intracardiac echocardiography ; left atrial appendage closure ; right-to-left shunt ; vein of Marshall ; collateral circulation ; slow injection ; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ; high-power ; short-duration ; radiofrequency ablation ; ablation index ; pulmonary vein reconnection ; non-pulmonary vein triggers ; peri-device leak ; cardiac computed tomography angiography ; leadless single-chamber pacemaker ; complication ; atrioventricular synchrony ; leadless dual-chamber pacemaker ; strategy selection ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Copper-based catalysts possess important applications in diverse reactions and have received considerable attention from material and catalysis researchers. A great challenge in this field is the facile synthesis of copper-based catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. This Special Issue of Catalysts, entitled “Synthesis and Applications of Copper-based Catalysts”, presents state-of-the-art synthetic strategies for copper-based catalysts, as well as information on their structure and catalytic use in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, which is helpful for developing novel high-efficiency Cu-based catalysts and synthetic methodology, and for exploring their new catalytic applications.
    Keywords: metal-organic frameworks ; Cu2O ; styrene oxidation ; H2O2 ; base free ; low-temperature ; CO-SCR ; Cu-Mn oxide spinels ; Cu/Cu3P nanoarrays ; Cu nano-substrates ; electrocatalyst ; HER ; ceria ; hydride ; CO2 hydrogenation ; single Cu doping ; density functional theory ; Cu-based catalysts ; CO + NO ; catalytic performances ; O2 resistance ; H2O and SO2 resistance ; adsorption ; dissociation ; density-functional theory calculations ; Cu-skin Cu3Au(111) surface ; CO catalytic oxidation ; CO preferential oxidation ; template ; CTAB ; mixed oxides ; copper oxides ; tin oxides ; BCN/graphene composite ; CVD ; anti-corrosion ; organocopper reagents ; Cu catalysts ; 1,4-conjugate addition ; sulfur heterocycles ; thiochromone ; thioflavanones ; 2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones ; copper ; catalysis ; amination ; amines ; polyamines ; aryl halides ; adamantane ; nanoparticles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.
    Keywords: citrus sinensis ; nano-fibrillated cellulose ; silver nanoparticles ; acid hydrolysis ; heavy metal sorption ; anaerobic digestion ; biofuel ; biomass ; cotton-based waste ; closed-loop ; lignocellulose ; textile waste ; cellulose nanofibre ; green materials ; biopolymers ; environmental ; recycled newspaper ; composite laminates ; water resistance ; high strength ; cotton wastes ; textile ; nanomaterials ; cellulose nanocrystal ; extraction methods ; environmental application ; regenerated cellulose fiber ; Au NP ; controllably assembled ; SERS ; dimetridazole ; cellulose hydrogel ; thermo-responsive ; sustained release ; silver sulfadiazine ; burn wound ; polymer ; carpet fiber ; direct analysis in real time ; time of flight ; mass spectrometry ; function switching ; oleamide ; cellulose nanofibers isolation ; carpet wastes ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; enhanced properties ; recovery of cellulose ; textile fibers ; eco-efficiency ; circular economy ; textile industry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management, river morphology and sediment transport, river water quality, and irrigation were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: stream discharge ; near-natural catchment ; trend analysis ; NW Spain ; field-scale hydrological models ; DRAINMOD ; tile drainage ; nitrate leaching ; climate change ; venturi flume ; CFD ; OpenFOAM ; RANS ; turbulence model ; numerical simulation ; Parshall flume ; water balance ; Thornthwaite–Mather method ; Python ; serverless computing approach ; watershed hydrology ; Yukon River plume ; river discharge ; sediment load ; flocculation ; plunging ; underflow ; flood ; geological categories ; probability ; Medvednica Mt. ; Croatia ; numerical model ; shallow water equations ; dam break ; dry and wet beds modeling ; river flow ; open channels ; eddy viscosity ; parabolic profile ; streamwise velocity distribution ; turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ; mixing length ; log law ; log wake ; hydrological modeling ; streamflow ; SWAT ; Venturi flume ; nonlinear model ; burned areas ; hydrological modelling ; infiltration capacity ; SCS-CN ; post-fire ; shock wave ; spillway ; spillway pier ; flat chute ; physical modeling ; hydrology ; tiling ; subsurface flow ; Iowa ; variational ensemble forecasting ; hydrologic processing strategies or hypotheses ; SR2MR streamflow forecasting ; real-time hydrologic forecasting system ; satellite precipitation products ; multi models ; best streamflow prediction ; inverse variance weighting ; inverse probability weighting ; representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 ; modified Mann–Kendall trend test ; Ziway Lake Basin ; Rift Valley ; Ethiopia ; maximum precipitation ; maximum flow ; gravel bed rivers ; skin friction ; flow resistance ; bed forms ; energy slope ; boundary layer characteristics ; abrupt negative step ; hydraulic jump ; energy loss ; momentum closure ; Boussinesq equations ; specified intervals ; MODIS ; evapotranspiration ; multi-variable calibration ; regional flood frequency ; ungauged catchments ; direct rainfall modelling ; headwater catchments ; Australia ; drought ; water ; water resources modelling ; flood forecast ; climate-change impacts ; river quality ; river morphology ; watershed management ; reservoir management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; fungi ; drug delivery systems ; marine ; biological synthesis ; myconanotechnology ; canesten ; clotrimazole ; vulvovaginal ; vaginitis ; mycosis ; candidosis ; yeast infection ; candida ; candida albicans ; vaginal health ; anticandidal activity ; indazole ; pyrazole ; 3-phenyl-1H-indazole ; drug design ; acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) ; capsule ; CAP64 ; Cryptococcus ; membrane potential (ΔΨM) ; photodynamic treatment ; photosensitiser ; ultrastructure ; drug repurposing ; antifungals ; repositioning ; yeasts ; emerging fungi ; multidrug resistance ; therapeutic alternatives ; new targets ; Candida auris ; Aspergillus spp. ; antifungal ; beta-glucan ; polycations ; Galleria mellonella model ; retinoids ; Candida spp. ; onychomycosis ; Malassezia spp. ; dermatophytes ; microbiology ; mycology ; all-trans retinoic acid ; Acanthamoeba ; free-living ameba ; Acanthamoeba keratitis ; isavuconazonium sulfate ; cyst ; drug ; drug discovery ; drug targets ; invasive aspergillosis treatment ; invasive fungal infections ; fission yeast ; cell wall ; β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase ; antifungal drugs ; echinocandin drugs ; echinocandin resistance ; Fks resistance hot spots ; cytokinesis ; septation ; cell separation ; cell integrity ; cell lysis ; sporotrichosis ; Felis catus ; quinones ; hydrazones ; zoonoses ; host-directed drug therapy ; azoles ; polyenes ; echinocandins ; viral infections ; azole ; synergy ; resistance ; Candida ; natural products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on recent aspects of gravitational theory and cosmology. It contains subjects of particular interest for modified gravity theories and applications to cosmology, special attention is given to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet, f(R)-gravity, anisotropic inflation, extra dimension theories of gravity, black holes, dark energy, Palatini gravity, anisotropic spacetime, Einstein–Finsler gravity, off-diagonal cosmological solutions, Hawking-temperature and scalar-tensor-vector theories.
    Keywords: Gauss–Bonnet ; innermost stable circular orbits ; spinning test particle ; Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes ; modified gravity theory ; Hawking-Page phase transition ; regular black hole ; Minkowski core ; Lambert W function ; black hole mimic ; modified and massive gravity ; two measure theories ; Einstein and Finsler gravity ; off-diagonal cosmological solutions ; nonholonomic dynamical Weyl-scale symmetry breaking ; (anisotropic) inflation ; dark energy ; reconstructing procedure ; Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity ; nonlinear electrodynamics ; hawking temperature ; entropy ; heat capacity ; black hole shadow ; energy emission rate ; quasinormal modes ; cosmology ; torsion ; multifield cosmology ; anisotropic spacetimes ; Kantowski–Sachs ; anisotropic inflation ; galactic rotation ; nonspherical gravitational sources ; modified gravity ; cosmology:theory ; large-scale structure of universe ; gravitation ; fractional-dimension gravity ; dark matter ; cosmological dynamics ; Weyl integrable theory ; scalar field ; interaction ; Painlevé–Gullstrand metrics ; Lense–Thirring metric ; Killing tensor ; Killing–Yano tensor ; separability ; Carter constant ; geodesic integrability ; isometric embeddings ; symmetrical surfaces ; free embedding ; unfolded embedding ; Regge–Teitelboim gravity ; embedding theory ; black hole ; magnetic field ; chaos ; symplectic integrator ; non-linear symmetry realization ; conformal symmetry ; Ricci-based gravity ; Palatini gravity ; exoplanets ; planet’s interior ; electromagnetic ; covariant ; field ; constraints ; curved space ; alternative theories of gravity ; supermassive black hole ; stellar dynamics ; variation of constants ; inflation ; f(R)-gravity ; k-inflation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint is a collection of papers from the E-Textiles 2022 Conference and represents the state of the art from both academia and industry in the development of smart fabrics that incorporate electronic and sensing functionality. The Proceedings reprint presents a wide range of applications of the technology, including wearable textile devices for healthcare applications such as ECG measurements and functional electrical stimulation. Manufacturing approaches include printed smart materials, knitted e-textiles and flexible electronic circuit assembly within fabrics and garments. Supplying power is a constant challenge for all wireless wearable technologies, and therefore this collection includes papers on triboelectric energy harvesting and zinc-ion batteries fabricated on top of textile substrates.
    Keywords: electronics ; wearables ; smart fabrics ; e-textiles ; sensing ; healthcare devices ; textile antennas ; energy harvesting ; printed electronics ; knitted e-textiles ; functional yarns&nbsp ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; non-locality ; ultraviolet divergence ; constraints ; Kilmister equation ; bohmian mechanics ; epistemic agent ; Bohmian mechanics ; relational space ; Feynman paths ; Langevin equation ; quantum causality ; emergent quantum gravity ; quantum ontology ; interpretations ; emergent quantum state ; undecidable dynamics ; molecule interference ; emergent quantum mechanics ; no-hidden-variables theorems ; mind–body problem ; physical ontology ; quantum foundations ; matter-wave optics ; conscious agent ; diffusion constant ; Bell theorem ; Burgers equation ; objective non-signaling constraint ; self-referential dynamics ; Bell inequality ; interpretation ; photochemistry ; Born rule statistics ; sub-quantum dynamics ; dynamical chaos ; weak measurement ; p-adic metric ; Levi-Civita connection ; David Bohm ; H-theorem ; the causal arrow of time ; strong coupling ; vortical dynamics ; fundamental irreversibility ; magnetic deflectometry ; quantum thermodynamics ; de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics ; wavefunction nodes ; stochastic quantum dynamics ; entropic gravity ; metrology ; Schrödinger equation ; gauge freedom ; Monte Carlo simulations ; micro-constituents ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; Bell’s theorem ; emergent space-time ; spin ; quantum field theory ; time-symmetry ; Gaussian-like solutions ; Hamiltonian ; number theory ; fractional velocity ; ergodicity ; fractal geometry ; atomic metastable states ; operator thermodynamic functions ; Canonical Presentation ; Retrocausation ; interpretations of quantum mechanics ; Bohm theory ; quantum mechanics ; zero-point field ; conspiracy ; pilot wave ; quantum holism ; toy-models ; curvature tensor ; Aharonov–Bohm effect ; computational irreducibility ; Stochastic Electrodynamics ; diffraction ; retrocausality ; resonances in quantum systems ; stochastic differential equations ; Bianchi identity ; past of the photon ; commutator ; relational interpretation of quantum mechanics ; free will ; nomology ; trajectories ; primitive ontology ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; weak values ; singular limit ; interior-boundary condition ; Poincaré recurrence ; quantum inaccessibility ; symplectic camel ; surrealistic trajectories ; observables ; Stern-Gerlach ; decoherence ; quantum non-equilibrium ; generalized Lagrangian paths ; superdeterminism ; black hole thermodynamics ; nonlocality ; measurement problem ; entropy and time evolution ; bouncing oil droplets ; spontaneous state reduction ; quantum theory ; many interacting worlds ; complex entropy. ; Turing incomputability ; iterant ; space-time fluctuations ; quantum potential ; ontological quantum mechanics ; photon trajectory ; Dove prism ; the Friedrichs model ; contextuality ; discrete calculus ; transition probability amplitude ; gravity ; pilot-wave theory ; matter-waves ; de Broglie-Bohm theory ; covariant quantum gravity ; atom-surface scattering ; de Broglie–Bohm theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue of Entropy, titled “Recent Advances in Single-Particle Tracking: Experiment and Analysis”, contains a collection of 13 papers concerning different aspects of single-particle tracking, a popular experimental technique that has deeply penetrated molecular biology and statistical and chemical physics. Presenting original research, yet written in an accessible style, this collection will be useful for both newcomers to the field and more experienced researchers looking for some reference. Several papers are written by authorities in the field, and the topics cover aspects of experimental setups, analytical methods of tracking data analysis, a machine learning approach to data and, finally, some more general issues related to diffusion.
    Keywords: diauxic growth ; replicator equation ; mesoscopic model ; integro-differential equations ; anomalous diffusion ; statistical analysis ; single-particle tracking ; trajectory classification ; fractional Brownian motion ; estimation ; autocovariance function ; neural network ; Monte Carlo simulations ; multifractional Brownian motion ; power of the statistical test ; machine learning classification ; feature engineering ; confinement ; information theory ; Brownian particle ; stochastic thermodynamics ; CTRW ; diffusing-diffusivity ; occupation time statistics ; wound healing dynamics ; single pseudo-particle tracking ; phase contrast image segmentation ; 3D single-particle tracking ; Fisher information ; non-uniform illumination ; SPT ; deep learning ; residual neural networks ; random walk ; heterogeneous ; endosomes ; single particle trajectory ; stochastic processes ; trapping ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, specially those resistant to last-resource antibiotics, is now a common problem being defined as one of three priorities for the safeguarding of One Health by the Tripartite Alliance, which includes the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Bacteria resistance profiles, together with the expression of specific virulence markers, have a major influence on the outcomes of infectious diseases. These bacterial traits are interconnected, since not only the presence of antibiotics may influence bacterial virulence gene expression and consequently infection pathogenesis, but some virulence factors may also contribute to an increased bacterial resistance ability, as observed in biofilm-producing strains. The surveillance of important resistant and virulent clones and associated mobile genetic elements is essential for decision making in terms of mitigation measures to be applied for the prevention of such infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the role of natural environments as important components of the dissemination cycle of these strains has not been consider until recently. This Special Issue aims to publish manuscripts that contribute to the understanding of the impact of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the three areas of the One Health triad–i.e., animal, human and environmental health.
    Keywords: MRSA ; EMRSA-15 ; MLSB ; bacteremia ; bloodstream infections ; antibiotic resistance ; aquatic contamination ; probabilistic sampling ; San Francisco Estuary ; coast ; Pseudomonas ; Shewanella algae ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; biocide ; Listeria monocytogenes ; biofilm ; planktonic culture ; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Escherichia coli ; fosfomycin ; nitrofurantoin ; antimicrobial resistance ; antibiotic susceptibility ; WGS ; phylogenetic analysis ; DNA mismatch repair system ; Salmonella Choleraesuis ; Iberian pig ; wild boar ; phylogenetic relationship ; plasmid replicon typing ; colistin ; carcass ; cfr gene ; fexA gene ; linezolid ; mutation ; pig ; public health ; S. aureus ; avian colibacillosis ; salmonellosis ; MDR ; tetA ; nisin ; mutant prevention concentration ; mutant selection window ; antimicrobial susceptibility testing ; horizontal gene transfer ; Salmonella ; reptiles ; isolation ; biofilms ; chlorhexidine gluconate ; wounds ; Gram-negative bacteria ; colonization ; infection ; clonal lineages ; resistance genes ; virulence factors ; Staphylococcus aureus ; skin and soft-tissue infections ; plasmids ; Panton–Valentine leucocidin ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; adaptive ; electric vehicle ; state of charge (SOC) ; high voltage gain ; lithium-ion battery ; climate change ; ssustainable transport ; driving cycle ; smart grid ; robust ; battery powered vehicle ; Huber’s M-estimation ; electric taxi ; public transportation ; sustainable development ; DC-DC converter ; square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) ; coupled inductor ; fuel cell vehicles ; charging approaches ; ripple minimization current ; variational Bayesian approximation ; electric propulsion ; electric bus ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The 1st International Electronic Conference on Chemical Sensors and Analytical Chemistry was held on 1–15 July 2021. The scope of this online conference was to gather experts that are well-known worldwide who are currently working in chemical sensor technologies and to provide an online forum for the presention and discussion of new results. Throughout this event, topics of interest included, but were not limited to, the following: electrochemical devices and sensors; optical chemical sensors; mass-sensitive sensors; materials for chemical sensing; nano- and micro-technologies for sensing; chemical assays and validation; chemical sensor applications; analytical methods; gas sensors and apparatuses; electronic noses; electronic tongues; microfluidic devices; lab-on-a-chip; single-molecule sensing; nanosensors; and medico-diagnostic testing.
    Keywords: electrochemical sensors ; carbon nanotubes ; electropolymerization ; gallic acid ; ellagic acid ; syringaldehyde ; vanillin ; cognac and brandy carbon dots ; pH sensing ; active surface preservation ; nanosensor ; fluorescence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The plant kingdom, with its terrestrial and marine natural products, has been widely explored. Plant-based products have long been used to prevent and treat various ailments. Many natural compounds have been reported to have a variety of interesting and significant biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesic, antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic, and antiproliferative, as well as cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, researchers pay special attention to the bioactive compounds synthesized by plants. Opportunities in functional ingredients and treatment of NCDs (oxidative stress, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc.) are widely explored. However, many therapeutic properties of plants are still to be discovered. This Special Issue reprint intends to substantially contribute to our knowledge of their beneficial properties. Natural products could be a vast resource in respect of human well-being improvement. This Special Issue reprint also aims to disseminate some of the most recent and significant contributions in natural product research on phytochemicals and biological activity.
    Keywords: Sempervivum tectorum L. ; mineral content ; bioavailable fraction ; heavy metals ; open-field plants ; tissue culture plants ; in vitro callus culture ; Rubus subg. Rubus Watson ; Vaccinium corymbosum L. ; phenolics ; radical scavenging activities ; ferric reducing power ; waste peel ; essential oil ; GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; antimicrobial activity ; chemical composition ; antioxidant activity ; fluorescence ; total phenolic content ; Aspergillus flavus ; maize ; peel extracts ; AFB1 ; qRT-PCR ; Opuntia spp. ; phytochemicals ; biological activities ; antioxidant capacity ; chemopreventive effect ; integrated pest management ; Oriental fruit fly ; pomology ; post-harvest disease control ; Sambucus nigra L. ; medicinal plants ; flavonoids ; phenols ; carbohydrates ; amino acids ; Flos Abelmoschus manihot ; medicinal part ; non-medicinal parts ; UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS ; metabolite profiling ; multivariate statistical analysis ; juniper ; natural products ; tree ; leaves ; disease ; bioactive compounds ; microbial resistance ; turmeric ; Curcuma aromatica ; Curcuma caesia ; Curcuma longa ; Curcuma zanthorrhiza ; enantiomeric distribution ; chiral ; cultivars ; foliar sprays ; Humulus lupulus ; liming ; phenolic compounds ; plant vigour ; polyphenols ; antimicrobial activity enhancement ; ascorbic acid ; Maillard reaction products ; laccase–mediator system ; horseradish peroxidase–H2O2 system ; tomato pomace ; by-product utilization ; finger millet ; gluten-free ; potato flour ; convenience food ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint comprises a collection of the papers presented at the second International Conference on Computational Engineering and Intelligent Systems, held online in the period 18–20 November 2022. The conference focused on computational engineering including modeling, simulation, analysis, and intelligent systems driven by computing and artificial intelligence. The papers included in this collection deal with a range of topics including smart grids, renewable energies, intelligent safety and control systems, power quality and cloud computing.
    Keywords: Computational Engineering ; Intelligent systems ; Optimization ; Artificial Intelligence ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint compiles several studies on radiation interactions with biomolecules. The fragmentation induced by slow electron and electron scattering processes are described, and the induced processes by UV radiation are characterised. The present Special Issue offers complementary studies on radiation induced by photons and electrons in biological (and related) target molecules. The present collection provides important insights on radiation physics and chemistry and the advances in knowledge in these areas.
    Keywords: methane ; cross-section ; elastic scattering ; electrons ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; DNA cleavage ; ECD ; spectroscopy ; guide RNA ; RNP complex ; SpCas9 ; radiosensitizer ; low-energy electron ; dissociative electron attachment ; roaming ; tirapazamine ; predissociation ; electron scattering cross sections ; benzene ionization ; VUV photoabsorption ; halopyrimidines ; valence and Rydberg states ; time-dependent density functional theory ; radiosensitizers ; taurine ; elastic constant ; Brillouin scattering ; acoustic mode ; negative ions ; oxaloacetic acid ; citric acid ; mass spectrometry ; anticancer drugs ; cisplatin ; platinum (II) halo-carbonyl complexes ; low-energy electrons ; dissociative ionization ; focused electron beam induced deposition ; sevoflurane ; pheomelanin ; nitrotyrosine ; dityrosine ; photooxidation ; photosensitizer ; IR radiation ; horseradish peroxidase ; catalase ; alkaline phosphatase ; antioxidant ; vapor ; coherent domain ; anion–molecule collisions ; electron detachment cross sections ; positive ion-induced fragmentation ; molecular dynamics ; radiotherapy ; X-ray ; modified nucleosides ; DNA damage ; hypoxia ; chemoradiation ; low-energy electron interaction ; perfluorination ; HF formation ; pentafluorothiophenol ; 2-fluorothiophenol ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint reports on new advances in basic and applied research of soil pollution and remediation. A list of contaminants are targeted, including toxic metal(loid)s (e.g., Pb, As, Sb, and multi-metals), organic contaminants (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, phenanthrene, and petroleum), and antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine). The occurrence, environmental behaviors, and risks of these contaminants are explored. Special attention is devoted to techniques for the remediation of polluted soils, such as stabilization/solidification, photocatalytic degradation, and thermal desorption. This reprint provides new insights into soil pollution and remediation.
    Keywords: miyun reservoir ; pollution assessment ; binary mixing model ; source appointment ; illegal use ; non-point source pollution ; agricultural use ; veterinary use ; Three Gorges ; sulfadiazine ; Cu2+ co-existence ; paddy soils ; adsorption ; soil properties ; β-CD modified BC ; stabilization/solidification ; response surface methodology ; synchronous adsorption investigations ; PHe ; primary explosives site ; heavy metal contamination ; antimony ; co-occurring metal ; Fe–Al-based amendment ; immobilization ; heavy metals ; input flux ; source ; management ; garland chrysanthemum ; lettuce ; antioxidant defense enzymes ; GSH ; PCs ; comprehensive evaluation method ; contaminated soil ; ex situ thermal desorption ; environmental impact ; resource utilization ; low-molecular-weight organic acid salts ; phosphate ; arsenic-contaminated soil ; microorganisms ; nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) ; biochar ; photocatalysis ; synergy ; TPH ; soil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Rising pollution, climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels are leading many countries to focus on renewable-based energy conversion systems. In particular, recently introduced energy policies are giving high priority to increasing the use of renewable energy sources, the improvement of energy systems’ security, the minimization of greenhouse gas effect, and social and economic cohesion. Renewable energies’ availability varies during the day and the seasons and so their use must be accurately predicted in conjunction with the management strategies based on load shifting and energy storage. Thus, in order to reduce the criticalities of this uncertainty, the exploitation of more flexible and stable renewable energies, such as the geothermal one, is necessary. Geothermal energy is an abundant renewable source with significant potential in direct use applications, such as in district heating systems, in indirect use ones to produce electricity, and in cogeneration and polygeneration systems for the combined production of power, heating, and cooling energy. This Special Issue includes geothermal energy utilization and the technologies used for its exploitation considering both the direct and indirect use applications.
    Keywords: geothermal power production ; abandoned oil reservoirs ; in situ combustion ; organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ; plunger pump ; centrifugal pump ; pressure drop ; temperature utilization rate ; system generating efficiency ; carbonate geothermal reservoirs ; sustainable geothermal energy exploitation ; southern Italy ; numerical simulation ; dual-loop ORC ; mixture working fluids ; entropy generation ; entransy loss ; exergy loss ; Ground source heat pump ; oval cross-section ; groundwater ; borehole heat exchanger ; CFD ; Sandtank ; granite ; physical characteristics ; cyclic ; thermal treatment ; water cooling ; hybrid renewable polygeneration plant ; micro organic Rankine cycle ; evacuated solar thermal collectors ; photovoltaic panels ; plastic heat exchanger ; Organic Rankine Cycle ; geothermal energy ; shell and tube heat exchanger ; fouling resistance ; mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) ; phase change material (PCM) ; LCOH ; heat transport ; renewable energy source ; household hybrid system ; dynamic simulation ; economic analysis ; TRNSYS software ; heating and cooling network ; polygeneration system ; geothermal energy community ; ORC ; energy district ; heat pump ; R1234ze ; CO2 ; geothermal ; renewable energy ; historic building ; energy saving ; earth-to-air ; horizontal pipe ; 2D model ; air conditioning ; renewable energy sources ; thermal performances ; energy efficiency ; parametric study ; geothermal resource ; Monte Carlo simulation ; assessment ; thermal reservoir ; North Jiangsu Basin ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint contains 14 articles on various aspects of many-body physics. Most of the articles are devoted to different phenomena in Bose–Einstein condensate (M.R. Pathak and A. Nath; M.H. Figlioli Donato and S.R. Muniz ; B. Halder with coauthors; O.E. Alon).L. Madeira and V.S. Bagnato discuss the route of an out-of-equilibrium system to its thermalized state. M.R. Singh discusses the many-body interactions in plasmonic nanohybrids. M. Pudlak and R. Nazmitdinov analyze electron transport through a one-dimensional quantum ring, subject to Rashba spin–orbit interaction in the presence of external fields. R. Friedberg and J.T. Manassah report computer investigations on the duration memory for storage for an isolated atom. M.C. Pagnacco with coauthors describe the crazy-clock phenomenon. V.I. Yukalov and E.P. Yukalova consider materials with nanoscale phase separation. E.M. Anitas investigates materials with fractal-like geometry. L. Madeira with coauthors address the topic of quantum turbulence. K. Ziegler discusses how the employment of the diagonal elements of the time correlation matrix can be used to probe closed quantum systems that are measured at random times. L. Salasnich analyzes the collective dynamics of electrons in graphene positioned between the two slabs.
    Keywords: plasmonics ; nano-optics ; dipole-dipole interaction ; density matrix method ; dressed states ; Kerr effect ; quantum dots ; metallic nanoparticles ; graphene ; quantum many-body theory ; acoustic plasmons ; Bose-Einstein condensates ; infinite-particle-number limit ; many-body theory ; mean-field theory ; position variance ; momentum variance ; angular-momentum variance ; solvable models ; harmonic-interaction model ; anisotropy ; dynamics of closed quantum systems ; random probing ; separation of time scales ; Hilbert-space localization ; quantum turbulence ; Bose-Einstein condensate ; out-of-equilibrium ; small-angle scattering ; fractional Brownian surfaces ; fractal dimension ; Hurst exponent ; spectral exponent ; nanoscale phase separation ; quasi-equilibrium system ; heterophase mixture ; zeroth-order transition ; nucleation point ; four-color optical lattice ; soliton ; crazy clock ; Briggs–Rauscher reaction ; state I to state II transition ; symmetry breaking ; iodine ; K-means analysis ; random number generator ; non-thermal fixed points ; out-of-equilibrium system ; Bose–Einstein condensate ; turbulence ; Josephson effect ; spinor BEC ; toroidal superfluid ; quantum droplets ; multi-color periodic confinement ; Rashba spin–orbit interaction ; semiconductor quantum ring ; Floquet theory ; light–matter coupling ; magnetic field ; bit retrieval ; long-time memory ; Nyxion ; continuous pump ; coalescence ; Aurora ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Cement and lime currently are the most common binders in building materials. However, alternative materials and methods are needed to overcome the functional limitations and environmental footprint of conventional products. This Special Issue dedicated to “New frontiers in cementitious and lime-based materials and composites” gathers selected reviews and experimental articles that showcase the most recent trends in this multidisciplinary field. Authoritative contributions from all around the world provide important insights into all areas of research related to cementitious and lime-based materials and composites, spanning from structural engineering to geotechnics, including materials science and processing technology. This Topical Collection is intended to foster innovation and help researchers and developers to identify new solutions for a more sustainable and functional built environment.
    Keywords: durability ; hardened properties ; green composite ; fresh properties ; recycled concrete aggregates ; natural coarse aggregates ; enzyme-induced calcite precipitation ; microbial-induced calcite precipitation ; geotechnical engineering ; geoenvironmental engineering ; precast concrete wall ; interfacial bonding strength ; joint concrete ; interface processing ; washed rough surface ; roughness ; storage time ; cement mortar ; End-of-Life Tyre ; waste ; surface treatment ; compressive strength ; flexural strength ; workability ; fly ash ; freezing shaft sinking ; shaft lining structure ; uneven pressure ; hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete ; crack ; autogenous self-healing ; curing conditions ; supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) ; GRC-PC ; integrated wall panels ; composite method ; shrinkage properties ; dissipation energy density ; high-strength concrete ; Weibull distribution ; damage mechanics ; constitutive model ; repeated impact ; ACI 544-2R ; high temperatures ; fire ; residual strength ; lime-cement mortar ; air-entrained agent ; heritage conservation ; reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings ; properties ; mechanical ; electrical resistivity ; ecofriendly ternary concrete ; SCBA ; SF ; coastal cemented soil ; nano silica ; iron tailings ; mechanical properties ; microscopic mechanism ; granite dust ; stabilizer ; particle size ; plasticity ; unconfined compression strength ; cement ; lime ; sustainable materials ; fibre-reinforced composite ; recycled aggregates ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated.
    Keywords: RSV ; ectodomain G protein ; heparan sulfate ; protein–ligand interaction ; fluorescence quenching ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; quercetin ; CCL4 ; neurotoxicity ; VirtualToxLab ; oxidative stress markers ; Huperzine A ; molecular dynamics simulation ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; human serum albumin ; neurodegenerative disorders ; drug–protein interactions ; erlotinib ; bovine serum albumin ; binding interaction ; competition ; hepatitis E virus ; methyltransferase ; protein stability ; enzyme assay ; garlic ; antioxidant ; anti-glycation ; glycation ; AGEs ; HSA ; quetiapine ; hydrophobic interaction ; thermodynamic parameters ; seproxetine ; antidepressant ; charge transfer ; π-acceptors ; DFT ; haloperidol ; antipsychotics ; keratoconus ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; molecular dynamics ; MM-GBSA calculations ; pharmacophore mapping ; α-amylase ; advanced glycation end-products ; caffeic acid ; coumaric acid ; coronary artery disease ; phytotherapy ; network pharmacology ; angiogenesis ; zebrafish ; dynamics molecular docking ; NEK7 ; virtual screening ; DFTs ; deep learning ; drug design ; drug repurposing ; structural-based ; cancer ; A. aspera ; β-amyrin ; C. gigantea ; C. procera ; GC-MS ; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ; Molecular docking ; MD simulations ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The expansion of urban areas has facilitated the conversion of undeveloped lands, which has led to environmental degradation, such as loss of habitats, hydro-modification, and the collapse of existing ecosystems. Recent climate change has exacerbated these damages by causing more frequent and serious hazards. To attenuate the impacts of urbanization and the negative effects of climate change, green infrastructure (GI) planning (e.g., nature-based strategies, technologies, policies, and solutions) has arisen as an important approach for balancing urban development and nature. GI offers a variety of benefits to our cities by reducing stormwater runoff, heat waves, and air pollution; expanding wildlife habitats; and increasing recreational opportunities and even nearby property values.
    Keywords: stormwater management ; urban heat island ; cost–benefit analysis ; ecosystem services ; urban green infrastructure ; green infrastructure ; indexing ; random forest ; interpretation of machine learning ; urbanization ; shapley additive explanation ; park characteristic ; extreme gradient boost ; Dallas ; land use land cover ; construction site ; particulate matter emissions ; emission factor ; prediction technology ; urban shrinkage ; vacancy parcel data ; multilevel analysis ; predicting vacancy ; access inequity ; systematic mapping ; empirical studies ; city scale ; inequity mitigation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Glycosaminoglycans are linear, anionic polysaccharides (GAGs) consisting of repeating disaccharides. GAGs are ubiquitously localized throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to the cell membranes of cells in all tissues. They are either conjugated to protein cores in the form of proteoglycans, e.g., chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), heparin/heparan sulfate (Hep/HS) and keratan sulfate (KS), as well as non-sulfated hyaluronan (HA). By modulating biological signaling GAGs participate in the regulation of homeostasis and also participate in disease progression. The book, entitled “Exploring the multifaceted roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)—new advances and further challenges”, features original research and review articles. These articles cover several GAG-related timely topics in structural biology and imaging; morphogenesis, cancer, and other disease therapy and drug developments; tissue engineering; and metabolic engineering. This book also includes an article illustrating how metabolic engineering can be used to create the novel chondroitin-like polysaccharide.A prerequisite for communicating in any discipline and across disciplines is familiarity with the appropriate terminology. Several nomenclature rules exist in the field of biochemistry. The historical description of GAGs follows IUPAC and IUB nomenclature. New structural depictions such as the structural nomenclature for glycan and their translation into machine-readable formats have opened the route for cross-references with popular bioinformatics resources and further connections with other exciting “omics” fields.
    Keywords: GAGs: ; Hyaluronic ; Acid, ; Heparan ; (Sulfate) ; Heparin, ; Heparosan ; Chondroitin ; Dermatan ; Keratan, ; GAGs ; like ; Peri ; and ; Extracellular ; Matrix ; Regulation ; &amp ; Biosynthesis ; of ; GAG ; Extraction ; Synthesis ; (chemical, ; metabolic ; engineering,...) ; Characterization ; sequence ; molecular ; weight, ; degree ; polymerization, ; 3D ; structures,....) ; structure/properties ; relationships ; oligosaccharides ; Glycobiology ; structure/function ; relationship ; Protein-GAG ; complexes ; in ; disease ; GAG-based ; biomaterials ; as ; nanocarriers ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Exceptional loads on buildings and structures are known to take origin and manifest from different causes, like natural hazards and possible high-strain dynamic effects, human-made attacks and impact issues for load-bearing components, possible accidents, and even unfavorable/extreme operational conditions. All these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated analysis methods and performance indicators are required for the design and maintenance under the expected lifetime. Typical issues and challenges can find huge efforts and clarification in research studies, which are able to address with experiments and/or numerical analyses the expected performance and capacity of a given structural system, with respect to demands. Accordingly, especially for existing structures or strategic buildings, the need for retrofit or mitigation of adverse effects suggests the definition of optimal and safe use of innovative materials, techniques, and procedures. This Special Issue follows the first successful edition and confirms the need of continuous research efforts in support of building design under extreme loads, with a list of original research papers focused on various key aspects of structural performance assessment for buildings and systems under exceptional design actions and operational conditions.
    Keywords: blast loads ; slab-column joints ; prediction model ; damage level ; progressive collapse ; steel beam-to-column connections ; catenary mechanism ; double-span assemblies ; stiffness degradation ; timber-to-timber composite (TCC) joints ; push-out (PO) test setup ; inclined self-tapping screws (STSs) ; finite-element (FE) method ; cohesive zone modelling (CZM) method ; boundaries ; friction ; sensitivity study ; prototype abutment ; non-destructive test ; surcharge load ; mode number ; scour ; steel truss ; roof structure ; partial collapse ; finite element analysis ; lightning strike ; cable-stayed bridge ; social disaster ; blast scenario ; blast analysis ; LS-DYNA ; balau wood ; cross-arm ; transmission tower ; bracing system ; creep ; findley’s power law model ; burger model ; top-seat angle connections (TSACW) ; component-based models ; initial stiffness ; ultimate moment capacity ; moment-rotation relation ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; sensitivity analysis (SA) ; reinforced concrete column ; multi-column pier ; seismic behavior ; lap-splice ; transverse reinforcement ; plastic hinge ; ductility ; bonded-in rod (BiR) connections ; adhesives ; fracture modes ; moisture ; experiments ; linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) ; analytical model ; aeroelastic experiments ; experimental uncertainty ; singular value decomposition ; correlation field ; cathedral ; foundation rehabilitation ; jacked-in piles ; soil injection ; cracks ; masonry ; differential equation of motion ; Legendre–Galerkin matrix (LGM) method ; algebraic polynomials ; single degree of freedom (SDOF) ; multi degree of freedom (MDOF) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: A disease model displays pathological processes observed in human or animal diseases. The models are fundamental tools in biomedical research, and they are invaluable for providing new insights into mechanisms underlying organ function, establishing the pathophysiology of a disease, and testing potential therapeutic approaches.Models have been long used to study several diseases, including cardiovascular, oncologic, metabolic, infectious, and neurological diseases, among others. Animals or cells displaying pathological processes observed in human or animal diseases have been used as models. Moreover, mathematical models are also of great importance to disease modeling. Animal models offer the unique opportunity to investigate the function of genes and pathways and the in vivo effects of drugs, bridging the gap between basic science and the treatment of diseases. The selection of a suitable model system is a crucial step in research design. For disease modeling to be meaningful, a relevant cellular or genetic phenotype must be observed. Without the use of models, both research and clinical practice worldwide would be vastly different today.This Special Issue aimed to publish original research works or reviews with models of disease, highlighting their importance to search for new therapeutic strategies.
    Keywords: spontaneous models ; induced models ; genetically engineered models ; acute kidney injury ; biomarkers ; coagulation ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; shock ; newborn lamb ; multiple intestinal loop model ; 3R ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; yeast cell wall fractions ; fatty liver disease ; glucose ; imipramine ; insulin ; obesity ; renal impairment ; retinal injury ; xenograft ; ectopic ; orthotopic ; hIBC ; cIMC ; whole-body ischemia ; cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; drug-induced hypothermia ; spinal motor neuron ; inflammation ; paraplegia ; virucidal drugs ; IBV ; chickens ; Coronaviridae ; silver nanoparticles ; artificial ribonuclease ; monoglyceride lauryl acid ; spinal cord hemisection ; Macaca radiata ; predegenerated nerve transplantation ; locomotor recovery ; Cornu Ammonis 1 ; glutaminergic synapse ; memory function ; oligodendrocyte ; pyramidal cells ; animal model ; trichotillomania ; hair-pulling ; body-focused repetitive disorder ; transitional cell carcinoma ; urothelial carcinoma ; histology ; therapeutic marker ; prognosis ; mandibular growth ; mandibular posterior displacement ; mandibular length ; condylar growth ; rat ; class III malocclusion ; orthodontic treatment ; antebrachial growth deformity ; dog ; osteotomy ; patient-specific instrumentation ; 3-D ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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