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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The electrical energy industry is undergoing dramatic changes: massive deployment of renewables, increasing share of DC networks at transmission and distribution levels, and at the same time, a continuing reduction in conventional synchronous generation, all contribute to a situation where a variety of technical and economic challenges emerge. As the society’s reliance on electrical power continues to increase as a result of international decarbonisation commitments, the need for secure and uninterrupted delivery of electrical energy to all customers has never been greater. Power system protection plays an important enabling role in future decarbonized energy systems. This book includes ten papers covering a wide range of topics related to protection system problems and solutions, such as adaptive protection, protection of HVDC and LVDC systems, unconventional or enhanced protection methods, protection of superconducting transmission cables, and high voltage lightning protection. This volume has been edited by Adam Dyśko, Senior Lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, and Dimitrios Tzelepis, Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde.
    Keywords: decentralized protection scheme ; fault analysis ; low voltage direct current grids ; plug-and-play systems ; solid-state circuit breakers ; DC grids ; fault protection ; local detection ; local action ; DC circuit breaker ; AC microgrid ; adaptive protection ; IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol ; substation automation ; adaptive auto-reclosing ; power system protection ; EV transmission lines ; transient fault ; Hilbert–Huang transform ; microgrid ; distributed generation ; inverse-time over-current protection ; coordination optimization ; superconducting cable ; quench ; high temperature ; coppers stabilizer ; superconducting tape ; fault current limiting feature ; power generation-side ; multi-information fusion ; hierarchical protection system ; system layer ; station layer ; local layer ; wavelet entropy ; transient component ; MMC-HVDC ; protection ; building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) ; lightning attachment characteristics ; lightning energy withstand capability ; numerical and experimental analysis ; ±230 kV MMC-HVDC ; zero-crossing DCCB ; DC transmission line ; fault current ; hybrid DCCB ; bidirectional DCCB ; external elements ; energy dissipation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are population-based global optimizers, which, due to their characteristics, have allowed us to solve, in a straightforward way, many real world optimization problems in the last three decades, particularly in engineering fields. Their main advantages are the following: they do not require any requisite to the objective/fitness evaluation function (continuity, derivability, convexity, etc.); they are not limited by the appearance of discrete and/or mixed variables or by the requirement of uncertainty quantification in the search. Moreover, they can deal with more than one objective function simultaneously through the use of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. This set of advantages, and the continuously increased computing capability of modern computers, has enhanced their application in research and industry. From the application point of view, in this Special Issue, all engineering fields are welcomed, such as aerospace and aeronautical, biomedical, civil, chemical and materials science, electronic and telecommunications, energy and electrical, manufacturing, logistics and transportation, mechanical, naval architecture, reliability, robotics, structural, etc. Within the EA field, the integration of innovative and improvement aspects in the algorithms for solving real world engineering design problems, in the abovementioned application fields, are welcomed and encouraged, such as the following: parallel EAs, surrogate modelling, hybridization with other optimization techniques, multi-objective and many-objective optimization, etc.
    Keywords: Automatic Voltage Regulation system ; Chaotic optimization ; Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller ; Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm ; two-stage method ; mono and multi-objective optimization ; multi-objective optimization ; optimal design ; Gough–Stewart ; parallel manipulator ; performance metrics ; diversity control ; genetic algorithm ; bankruptcy problem ; classification ; T-junctions ; neural networks ; finite elements analysis ; surrogate ; beam improvements ; beam T-junctions models ; artificial neural networks (ANN) limited training data ; multi-objective decision-making ; Pareto front ; preference in multi-objective optimization ; aeroacoustics ; trailing-edge noise ; global optimization ; evolutionary algorithms ; nearly optimal solutions ; archiving strategy ; evolutionary algorithm ; non-linear parametric identification ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; availability ; design ; preventive maintenance scheduling ; encoding ; accuracy levels ; plastics thermoforming ; sheet thickness distribution ; evolutionary optimization ; genetic programming ; control ; differential evolution ; reusable launch vehicle ; quality control ; roughness measurement ; machine vision ; machine learning ; parameter optimization ; distance-based ; mutation-selection ; real application ; experimental study ; global optimisation ; worst-case scenario ; robust ; min-max optimization ; optimal control ; multi-objective optimisation ; robust design ; trajectory optimisation ; uncertainty quantification ; unscented transformation ; spaceplanes ; space systems ; launchers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Environmental odour is perceived as a major nuisance by rural as well as urban populations. The sources of odourous substances are manifold. In urban areas, these include restaurants, small manufacturing trades, and other sources, which might cause complaints. In the suburbs, wastewater treatment plants, landfill sites, and other infrastructures are the expected major odour sources. These problems are often caused be the accelerated growth of cities. In rural sites, livestock farming and the spreading of manure on the fields is blamed for severe odour annoyance. In fact, environmental odours are considered to be a common cause of public complaints by residents to local authorities, regional, or national environmental agencies. This Special Issue of Atmosphere will address the entire chain, from the quantification of odour sources, abatement methods, the dilution in the atmosphere, and the assessment of odour exposure for the assessment of annoyance. In particular, this Special Issue aims to encourage contributions dealing with field trials and dispersion modeling to assess the degree of annoyance and the quantitative success of abatement measures.
    Keywords: environmental odour ; emission ; annoyance ; separation distance ; dispersion models ; empirical equations ; odour ; dispersion modelling ; wastewater treatment ; odour impact criteria ; separation distances ; odour legislation ; air quality ; air pollution ; odor ; smell ; odour units ; agriculture ; environmental regulations ; policy ; VOC ; GC-QTOF-MS ; GC-IMS ; wastewater treatment plant ; air dispersion model ; dose–response relationship ; odor impact criterion (OIC) ; perception-related odor exposure ; wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ; Odors ; Odor Patrol ; Odor Profile Method ; monitoring Odors ; field inspection ; odour impact ; odour modelling ; olfactometry ; proficiency test ; bench loop ; n-butanol ; sampling uncertainties ; odorants ; SOAV ; OTV ; livestock ; odour dispersion modelling ; climate change ; stability classification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book discusses the manifold applications of several non-destructive methods to a few classes of materials. In particular, X-ray imaging techniques (both in the laboratory and at synchrotron radiation sources) as well Eddy current and magnetic methods are used in a few example materials (metals, concrete and others) to assess the quality of large components and these techniques' suitability as materials characterization tools. Advanced non-destructive evaluation techniques, such as neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, only available at large-scale installations, are also shown to yield particularly relevant information about the residual stress of additively manufactured materials and components. Such large-scale techniques complement laboratory tools well in accessing all the scales of application from micro-level to conventional non-destructive techniques.
    Keywords: micro-scale ; X-ray imaging ; characterization ; metrology ; components ; micro-parts ; quality ; eddy currents ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Advanced ceramics are referred to in various parts of the world as technical ceramics, high-tech ceramics, and high-performance ceramics. Advanced ceramics have better performances in quality as well as new applications that traditional ones do not have. They have multiple physical and mechanical properties including high hardness, high strength, thermal shock resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. In view of these characteristics, advanced ceramics are often high value-added products. Developments in advanced ceramics continue at a rapid pace, constituting what can be considered a revolution in the kind of materials and properties obtained.This reprint is intended for material researchers and application developers who seek information on the microstructural design and processing control of advanced ceramics, including piezoelectric ceramics, high-temperature ceramic composites, ceramic coatings, metal glasses, etc.
    Keywords: Aurivillius phase ceramic ; Bi3TiNbO9 ; electrical conduction behaviors ; impedance spectrum ; electrical modulus ; composite ceramic fibers ; boron nitride ; silicon nitride ; SrBi4Ti4O15 ; high-temperature piezoceramics ; oxide additives ; curie temperature ; piezoelectric coefficient ; ion substitution ; Al2TiO5 ; ceramics ; crystal structure ; residual stresses ; neutron diffraction ; Ti3SiC2-PbO-Ag composites ; tribo-chemical reaction ; self-lubricating composite ; tribo-oxidation ; photodeposition ; electron escape ; semiconductor photocatalyst ; MAX phase ; SPS ; Ti3SiC2/Cu composites ; sintering characteristic ; ferroelectrics ; BiFeO3 ; humidity response ; sol–gel preparation ; CaBi4Ti4O15 ; ion doping ; electrical conduction ; dielectric relaxation ; oxygen vacancies ; BMGs ; microstructural inhomogeneity ; tribological behaviors ; HRRF ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Acoustic sensors have an extremely wide range of applications in many fields, including underwater acoustics, architectural acoustics, engineering acoustics, physical acoustics, environmental acoustics, psychoacoustics, and so on. The signals collected by high-sensitivity acoustic sensors contain a large amount of valid information that facilitates further processing of the collected acoustic signals. In particular, detection and feature extraction, as two important measures of acoustic sensor signal processing, can capture more information regarding the target and extract features with separability.
    Keywords: Scholte wave detection ; multilayer elastic bottom ; acoustic pressure field ; source depth ; propagation distance ; feature extraction ; target recognition ; neural networks ; underwater acoustic signals ; acoustic ranging ; acoustic thermometry ; digital lock-in filtering ; electrical conduit ; time-of-flight estimation ; delay estimation ; singular value decomposition ; GCC-PHAT-ργ weighting ; generalized cross-correlation ; SPB method ; sound pass-by ; low-noise surfaces ; noise modeling ; road traffic noise ; unattended noise measurement procedure ; traffic measurements ; noise emission ; environmental noise ; sound ; partial updates ; least mean squares ; Leaky LMS ; structural active noise control ; deconvolved beamforming ; fractional Fourier transform ; direction of arrival estimation ; linear frequency modulation signal ; fault diagnosis ; hierarchical slope entropy ; white shark optimizer ; optimized support vector machine ; bearing signals ; metro traction motor bearings ; multisignal fusion ; Markov transition field ; optimized deep residual network ; diagnosis of compound faults ; multistable stochastic resonance ; adaptive parameter ; improved grey wolf algorithm ; bearing fault detection ; state estimation ; unknown statistical characteristics of noise ; cost-reference particle filter ; multi-population cooperation ; intelligent resample ; Gaussian mutation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The global financial crisis plunged the global economy into a great recession. Many central banks responded with unconventional monetary policies such as quantitative easing, negative policy rates, and forward guidance to calm down financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic led the global economy, financial markets, and central banks to face even more severe problems. Central banks set up further asset purchase programmes to complement existing unconventional monetary policy measures that have already been in place to help the economy to absorb the COVID-19 shock. The new crisis has increased the importance of preserving financial stability through the international cooperation of central banks around the globe. Managing the expectations of market participants plays a crucial role in the context of financial stability. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to disseminate important empirical and theoretical research questions concerning the connection between monetary policy and international financial markets and to stimulate discussion among academics and policymakers. A special focus is devoted to emerging and developing economies. The Special Issue covers several different articles on a variety of topics from the fields of monetary policy and international financial markets. The contributions address research questions on exchange rates, cryptocurrencies, stock markets, the connection between money supply and inflation after the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of commodity price shocks for banking system stability in developing countries, global liquidity effects, the twin deficit, and the Taylor rule.
    Keywords: exchange rates ; cryptocurrencies ; inflation ; COVID-19 ; commodity prices ; emerging and developing countries ; stock markets ; banking ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The advancements in research related to heat transfer has gathered much attention in recent decades following the quest for efficient thermal systems, interdisciplinary studies involving heat transfer, and energy research. Heat transfer, a fundamental transport phenomenon, has been considered one of the critical aspects for the development and advancement of many modern applications, including cooling, thermal systems which contain symmetry analysis, energy conservation and storage, and symmetry-preserving discretization of heat transfer in a complex turbulent flow. The objective of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies.
    Keywords: heat generation ; internal short ; lithium-ion ; nail penetration ; temperature ; thermal abuse ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system ; artificial neural network ; current ; power ; thermal efficiency ; thermoelectric generator system ; waste heat recovery ; efficiency ; power generation ; thermal stress ; thermoelectric module ; cooling and heating mode ; heat pump ; high-pressure chiller ; light-duty commercial electric vehicle ; system performance ; truncated twisted tape ; secondary flow ; laminar convective heat transfer ; performance evaluation criterion ; CFD ; heat exchanger ; cooling ; Lorentz force ; magnetohydrodynamics ; microchannel ; MHD pump ; thermoelectric system ; real-time polymerase chain reaction ; battery ; heating performance ; HVAC ; parallel ; serial ; economic ; energy saving ; hot water ; internal combustion engine ; waste heat ; heat transfer characteristics ; hybrid nanofluid ; performance evaluation criteria ; single particle nanofluid ; uniformly heated tube ; Bejan number ; microplate heat exchanger ; particle shape ; performance index ; thermodynamic analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM) is a revolutionary advanced digital manufacturing technology developed in recent decades, which is also a key strategic technology for technological innovation and industrial sustainability. This technology unlocks the design and constraints of traditional manufacturing and meets the needs of complex geometry fabrication and high-performance part fabrication. A deeper understanding of the design, materials, processes, structures, properties and applications is desired to produce novel functional devices, as well as defect-free structurally sound and reliable LAM parts.The topics in this Special Issue reprint include macro- and micro-scale additive manufacturing with lasers, such as structure/material design, fabrication, modeling and simulation, in situ characterization of additive manufacturing processes and ex situ materials characterization and performance, with an overview that covers various applications in aerospace, biomedicine, optics and energy.In this Special Issue reprint, papers on different subjects were published after the high-quality reviewing process, with a total of 17 contributions (1 editorial, 2 review papers and 14 original research papers) and times viewed being over 13K (as of Nov 15 2022). Six articles were selected as Editor’s Choice, and one article was selected as the Issue Cover (Volume 13, Issue 8).
    Keywords: Mg-Zn solid solution ; laser sintering ; mechanical alloying ; corrosion resistance ; directed energy deposition ; additive manufacturing ; bimetal ; analytical model ; printability maps ; femtosecond laser ; hyaluronic acid methacryloyl ; polyethylene glycol diacrylate ; stimuli-responsiveness ; selective laser melting ; laser powder bed fusion ; Ti–6Al–4V ; heat treatment ; annealing ; laser cutting ; non-contact process ; neutron tube shells ; 304 stainless steel ; fiber laser ; thermal transmission simulation ; Ti-6Al-4V ; dynamic behaviors ; porosity ; spall ; NiTi alloy ; CuSn10 alloy ; dissimilar materials ; interfacial bonding properties ; laser material deposition ; pulse wave laser ; temperature field simulation ; surface quality ; microstructural features ; corrosion behavior ; laser melting injection ; W particles ; Al alloys ; wear ; iron bone implant ; zinc sulfide ; degradation properties ; passivation film ; thermal management materials ; titanium-coated diamond/copper composites ; copper-coated diamond/copper composites ; selective laser sintering ; carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites ; strain rate ; hygroscopicity ; additively manufacture ; 17-4PH stainless steel ; laser additive manufacturing ; Poisson’s ratio ; anti-tetrachiral stents ; biocompatibility ; spatter ; in situ detection ; generation mechanism ; detrimental effects ; counter-measures ; compression ; microstructure transformation ; dislocation pinning ; recovery ability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Cyber-physical system (CPS) innovations, in conjunction with their sibling computational and technological advancements, have positively impacted our society, leading to the establishment of new horizons of service excellence in a variety of applicational fields. With the rapid increase in the application of CPSs in safety-critical infrastructures, their safety and security are the top priorities of next-generation designs. The extent of potential consequences of CPS insecurity is large enough to ensure that CPS security is one of the core elements of the CPS research agenda. Faults, failures, and cyber-physical attacks lead to variations in the dynamics of CPSs and cause the instability and malfunction of normal operations. This reprint discusses the existing vulnerabilities and focuses on detection, prevention, and compensation techniques to improve the security of safety-critical systems.
    Keywords: smart grids ; device authentication ; situational awareness ; home area networks ; time-delay switch attack ; networked control systems ; secure control design ; Lyapunov theory ; attack estimation ; hardware-in-the-loop testing ; machine learning ; industrial control systems ; anomaly detection ; fault detection ; intrusion detection system ; blockchain ; security ; privacy ; financial transactions ; transportation systems ; autonomous vehicles ; power system resilience ; disaster ; Federated Learning ; edge intelligence ; resilience management systems ; resource-limitations ; demand response ; remedial testing ; greybox fuzzing ; vulnerability detection ; enhanced security ; traffic microsimulation tool ; cooperative automated driving systems ; vehicle powertrain ; safety ; road capacity ; contested environments ; anomaly isolation ; artificial neural networks ; Cyber Physical System ; out-of-bounds ; vulnerable detection ; patch ; inverter-based energy resources ; islanded microgrids ; resilient control design ; secondary control ; false data injection ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The research scope of this reprint mainly focuses on GNSS data processing methods; GNSS applications; precise GNSS positioning and navigation; theories, models, and methods for processing wojGNSS errors; multi-GNSS positioning technologies; positioning and navigation methods under challenging environments; and low-cost GNSS positioning and navigation.
    Keywords: relative positioning ; GPS/BDS ; multi-baseline solution ; deformation monitoring ; positioning and navigation ; indoor positioning ; Beacons selection ; signal anomaly detection ; BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System ; real-time clock offset ; PPP-B2b service ; BDS-3 ; clock offsets estimated ; inter-satellite links ; two-way satellite time and frequency transfer ; GNSS ; independent baseline ; GNSS network solution ; observation-max ; shortest ; observation density ; minimum spanning tree ; high-rate GNSS ; structural health monitoring ; PPP ; PPP-AR ; RTK ; BDS-3 new signals ; RT-PPP ; single-/dual-frequency RT-PPP ; ASV-PWV model ; radiosonde ; ERA5 ; Qinghai Tibet Plateau ; real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) ; Inertial Navigation Pystem (INS) ; odometer ; tightly coupled integration ; BDS ; B1I/B3I frequencies ; B1C/B2a frequencies ; iGMAS ; precise orbits ; GPS ; Galileo ; single point positioning (SPP) ; positioning performance ; GNSS/INS sensors ; Smartphone Xiaomi Mi8 ; kinematic-trajectory acquisition ; u-blox ZED-F9P and ZED-F9R ; mobile mapping system (MMS) ; Android ; multi-GNSS ; real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning ; receiver channel-dependent bias ; differential inter-system bias (DISB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The objective of this book is to publish the most recent technological advancements, and theoretical and practical research outcomes, alongside high-quality literature reviews on wireless power transfer to charge electric vehicles. More substantial research is proposed due to the fast-growing market for electric vehicles, and recent advances in wireless power transfer techniques have the potential to make this technology available for all consumers by overcoming its drawbacks. For instance, one of the major downsides to EVs is the requirement for an automobile to be idle during charging times. This problem can be solved by implementing dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) with a higher power transfer efficiency (PTE). So, this book endeavors to create a major forum for investigating recent advances and the envisioned future in wireless power transfer for electric vehicles in terms of modeling, design, performance, operation, control, implementation, storage, electric machines, power electronics converters, optimization, cost, charging techniques, and applications. This book provides valuable contributions to the field of electric vehicles: inductive power transfer concepts; airport inductive charging infrastructures; the design of a wireless charging system for an e-bike with grid connection; control of renewables; social, economic, political, and technical factors for dynamic wireless charging; the influence of posture and coil position on the safety of a WPT; double-coil dynamic shielding technology for WPT; reduction in cogging torque in a PM brushless DC motor; and optimal dynamic scheduling of EVs in a parking lot.
    Keywords: charging cost ; dynamic charging ; economics ; electric vehicles ; optimization ; parking lots ; static charging ; PMBLDC motor ; cogging torque ; finite element analysis ; virtual work method ; shifting angle ; electromagnetic field ; wireless power transfer ; shielding ; electric vehicle ; EMF safety ; numerical dosimetry ; wireless charging ; dynamic wireless power transfer ; EV charging infrastructure ; stakeholder engagement ; electric road systems ; system demand ; APF ; power quality ; SRF ; UPC ; VAR ; brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) ; crowbar ; symmetrical fault ; unsymmetrical fault ; wind turbine (WT) ; inductive power transfer ; e-bikes ; forward converter ; dynamic wireless charging ; airport apron ; airport infrastructure planning ; electric busses ; charging automation ; electric vehicles (EVs) ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; production ; automation ; inductive power transfer (IPT) ; manufacturing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Streams and rivers are subject to considerable hydrodynamic loads. Flow interactions with natural or man-made structures in open channels lead to the development of complex dynamic processes, requiring further studies to comprehend fully. This Special Issue has been conceived to facilitate improvement or propose new approaches, summarize the most important findings of previous studies, and encourage the development of further knowledge in the field of open-channel flows. Various topics are addressed in this SI, including flow interaction with hydraulic structures, flow dynamics in estuaries, flow-vegetation interactions, bed sediment effects on flow structures, and the effect of channel curvature on flow behaviors and sediment transport. The studies published in this Special Issue certainly help readers understand the turbulent flow involved in open channels and apply that understanding to the design and practice of hydraulic engineering and river management.
    Keywords: sinuous channel ; velocity fluctuations ; river bend erosion ; structure function ; debris flows ; flow velocity ; sediment concentration ; prevision ; river hydraulics ; vegetation ; flow resistance ; turbulence ; numerical methods ; scour ; equilibrium condition ; velocity field ; secondary currents ; acoustic Doppler velocimeter ; rough bed ; secondary flow ; turbulent bursting ; turbulence kinetic energy ; friction coefficient ; open-channel flow ; entropy ; Reynolds number ; rigid vegetation ; bed roughness ; turbulent flow ; Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) ; energy spectra ; bridge scour ; empirical formulae ; riprap sloping structure ; flow contraction ; overtopping flow ; stochastic analysis ; forecasting ; extreme events ; solitary wave ; turbulent coherent structures ; length scales ; wavelet transform ; turbulent velocity ; transport mechanism ; tidal range ; suspended sediment flux ; Oued Sebou estuary ; bathymetry ; dredging ; SWAN ; wave spreading ; flow hydrodynamic structures ; lateral deflectors ; gentle-slope tunnel ; water-wing ; shock wave ; energy dissipation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The reprint provides the most relevant and state-of-the-art in the field, including recent developments in the production of natural compounds from various bioresources, and their formulations as bioactives. This reprint also covered the engineered approaches for enhanced biological properties and their potential applications. Identification of novel compounds and bioprocess tools to improve the quantity and quality of bioactive compounds and their formulations are exclusively covered in this reprint.
    Keywords: anti-solvent ; enzymatic saccharification ; EMIM-Ac ; ethanol ; ionic liquid ; lignocellulosic biomass ; recycling ; agro-industry ; microencapsulation ; bioactive compounds ; in vitro digestion ; yogurt ; cannabis ; cannabinoids ; postharvest ; drying ; curing ; storage ; biosynthesis ; pre-treatments ; sorption isotherm ; Raphanus sativus L. ; recombinant IFN-α2a ; apoptosis ; antiviral and antitumor activity ; Japanese knotweed rhizome bark ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; virus neutralization test ; nano-formulation ; nutraceuticals ; prebiotics ; nanofabricated delivery system ; liposomes ; nano-emulsions ; Abelmoschus manihot ; neurodegenerative disease ; oxidative stress ; proliferation ; inflammation ; nucleotide excision repair ; Actinosynnema pretiosum ; ansamitocin P-3 ; ssgA ; AdpA ; morphological differentiation ; pomegranate ; pomace ; extraction ; biological activity ; functional beverages ; sensory quality ; vitamins ; formulation ; homogeneous systems ; hydrophile–lipophile balance ; Emblica officinalis ; phytochemicals ; hyperlipidemia ; pharmacology ; nanoformulation ; Prunus mume ; vasorelaxant ; hypertension ; angiotensin receptor blockers ; agro-waste ; valorization ; value-added bioproducts ; micro/nano encapsulation ; agri-food-pharma applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 116
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This SI presents the latest achievements, challenges and prospects for drives, actuators, sensors, controls and robot navigation with reverse validation and applications in the field of industrial automation and robotics. Automation, supported by robotics, can effectively speed up and improve production. The industrialization of complex mechatronic components, especially robots, requires a large number of special processes already in the pre-production stage provided by modelling and simulation. This area of research from the very beginning includes drives, process technology, actuators, sensors, control systems and all connections in mechatronic systems. Automation and robotics form broad-spectrum areas of research, which are tightly interconnected. To reduce costs in the pre-production stage and to reduce production preparation time, it is necessary to solve complex tasks in the form of simulation with the use of standard software products and new technologies that allow, for example, machine vision and other imaging tools to examine new physical contexts, dependencies and connections.
    Keywords: underground robots ; automation in mines ; remote control ; autonomous underground machinery ; robotic manipulator ; identification ; calibration ; Jacobian ; workcell layout detection ; QR code detection ; adaptive thresholding ; finder pattern ; perspective transformation ; smart buildings ; shared sensory system ; surveillance system ; localization ; marker detection ; manipulation ; design ; analytical calculation ; numerical analysis ; manipulation platform ; 3D deformable object ; grasping ; robust manipulation ; robot hand ; Matlab ; CoppeliaSim Edu ; V-Rep ; SolidWorks ; kinematics ; inverse kinematics (IK) ; manufacturing technology ; modular robots ; coordinate transformation ; industrial robot ; renishaw Ballbar QC20–W ; positional analysis ; measurement ; visual semantic SLAM ; semantic segmentation ; FPGA ; hardware acceleration ; mobile robots ; automated machining ; milling strategies ; geometrical tolerances ; assisted assembly ; mixed reality ; collaborative robot ; digital twin ; convolutional neural networks ; planar robotic arm ; pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) ; gravity test ; dynamic model ; validation ; optimization ; trust region algorithm ; chimney ; cleaning ; in-pipe robot ; pneumatic actuator ; simulation ; pre-identification ; least squares method ; instrumental variable method ; robotics ; sensor ; antagonistic system ; pneumatic artificial muscles ; function ; model ; trajectory planning method ; hexapod robots ; legged robots ; triangle gait ; automation ; drives ; actuators ; sensors ; diagnostics ; holography ; virtual instrumentation ; control systems ; robot navigation ; reverse validation ; trajectory control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.
    Keywords: harvesting ; work productivity ; supply chain ; harvesting efficiency ; Salix ; genoype × site interaction ; survivability ; biometric features ; plant height ; fresh biomass yield ; dry biomass yield ; Miscanthus ; nitrogen fertilization ; rhizomes ; stem ; leaves ; consumer choices ; eucalyptus ; firewood ; Italy ; multilevel logistic regression model ; willingness to consume ; tobacco biomass ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; biogas potential ; Nicotiana tabacum ; energy crops ; planting density ; calorific value ; SRC ; hulled wheat species ; energy ; life cycle assessment ; Tenebrio molitor ; edible insects ; larval development ; feed conversion ratio ; agricultural and industrial residues ; lignocellulosic biomass ; bioconversion ; agroforestry ; biodiversity ; bioeconomy ; biomass supply ; circular economy ; organic farming ; perennial crops ; quarry ; syntropy ; vegetation restoration ; willow ; varieties ; yield ; marginal soil ; biological diversity ; marginal land ; cup plant ; perennial energy crop ; energy expenses ; biogas ; biomass yield ; willow SRC ; energy plants ; ground beetles ; Carabidae ; ecosystem services ; invertebrate biodiversity ; willow-leaf sunflower ; Jerusalem artichoke ; supercritical extraction ; water as co-solvent ; antimicrobial activity ; biocidal effect ; bioenergy crop ; groundwater ; growth ; invasive potential ; reproductive potential ; Silphium perfoliatum ; soil moisture ; water table distance ; energy biomass ; yields ; invasive behavior ; economics ; common osier ; fertilization ; dry matter yield ; soil chemical parameters ; soil bulk density ; water-stable aggregates ; soil microbial carbon ; willow browse ; soluble carbohydrates ; browsing damage ; cervids ; gas chromatography ; aboveground ; belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus ; ash ; potassium ; calcium ; sulphur content ; uptake ; bioproduction ; CAP payments ; sustainable agriculture ; Poland ; unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) ; abandoned areas ; land use and land-use change ; carbon sequestration ; soil properties (physical and chemical) ; polyphenols ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; perennial industrial crops ; antioxidant activity ; silvergrass ; willowleaf sunflower ; prairie cordgrass ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nano- and microdispersed systems can be defined as dispersions of the nano- and microparticles (droplets, bubbles) of one material within a continuous phase of another material (gas, liquid, solid). Such systems are very widespread in nature. The most common examples include soils, aerosols, minerals, and various natural colloids. Nano- and microdispersed systems are also the subject of active research and represent a techno-economic sector with full expansion in many application domains. Nano- and microdispersed systems have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their diverse physicochemical and mechanical properties, including wettability, dispersion stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, resulting in enhanced performance over their counterparts with a particle size above 1 µm. Such systems are of interest to various research areas, including the development of new polymers and ceramic composites, sensors, biomaterials, energy conversion devices, wastewater treatment strategies, and many other applications. The present Special Issue of Processes will include recent enhancements in the synthesis and application of various types of nano- and microdispersed systems and will help to expand scientific cooperation in this important field of research.
    Keywords: sorption ; heavy metals ; radioactive metals ; potassium titanate ; ion exchange ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; maleic anhydride ; Halloysite Nanotubes ; silver nanodecahedron ; SERS ; photochemical synthesis ; LEDs ; spark plasma sintering ; nanomodification ; mechanical processing ; densification ; mechanical properties ; low-carbon steels of the ferritic class ; nanoscale phase precipitates ; strength characteristics ; steel composition ; hot rolling ; structure ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-diformylfuran ; TiO2 ; electrochemical synthesis ; pulse alternating current ; CVD process ; doping ; single-crystal diamond ; boron ; triethyl borate ; thin films ; boron-doped diamond ; polymer composite ; sorbent ; wastewater ; polyvinyl butyral ; potassium polytitanate ; direct ethanol fuel cell ; platinum-based catalyst ; electrocatalysis ; nanoparticles ; platinum catalyst ; synthesis method ; polyol process ; electrochemical dispersion ; alternating current ; ethanol electrooxidation ; fuel cell ; carbon quantum dots ; polarization fluorescent analysis ; fluorescence properties ; copper cation ; water samples ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: To mark the recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy, this book, entitled Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy includes a collection of important nanomaterial studies on medical imaging and therapy. The book covers recent works on hyperthermia, external beam radiotherapy, MRI-guided radiotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, as well as medical imaging, including high-contrast and deep-tissue imaging, quantum sensing, super-resolution microscopy, and three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy. The significant research results and findings explored in this work are expected to help students, researchers and teachers working in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in biomedical physics, to keep pace with the rapid development and the applications of nanomaterials in precise imaging and targeted therapy.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; anisotropy ; plasmonic photothermal therapy ; surface plasmon resonance ; light scattering ; cancer treatment ; drug release ; microgels ; gold nanorods ; cancer therapy ; photothermal therapy ; photoacoustic imaging ; lung cancer ; EGFR-targeting ; nanoparticle ; cancer ; immunotherapy ; pH-responsive ; drug delivery ; application ; biomedical imaging ; correlative microscopy ; 3D CLEM ; volume imaging ; NIR-triggered ; photothermal agent ; deep tissue ; upconversion nanoparticles ; silica-coated UCNPs ; bio-imaging ; bio-application ; gold nanoparticles ; spiky nanoparticles ; phototheranostics ; colon cancer cells ; NIR triggering ; gold nanoparticle ; nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy ; MR-guided radiotherapy ; DNA damage ; Monte Carlo simulation ; dose enhancement ; magnetic field ; phototherapy ; photodynamic therapy ; Co-Fe ferrite nanoparticles ; magnetic hyperthermia ; specific loss power ; optimization ; alternative therapy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.
    Keywords: grease degradation ; contact angle ; yield stress ; shearing ; tribology properties ; grease consistency ; grease testing ; cone penetration ; rheometer testing ; grease ; tackiness ; adhesion ; four-ball tester ; heat dissipation ; speed ramp up ; ASTM D2596 ; grease weld load ; grease friction ; greases ; EVs ; hybrid vehicle ; driveline lubricant ; electrification ; thermal properties ; electromagnetic field ; noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) ; energy efficiency ; elastohydrodynamic lubrication ; isothermal ; non-Newtonian ; point contact ; grease lubrication ; Bauer’s model ; pressure gradient ; equivalent viscosity ; hybrid bearings ; electric vehicles ; electric motors ; friction and wear ; bio-based grease ; film thickness ; friction measurements ; polyurea thickener ; PAO ; CNTs ; wear ; coefficient of friction ; tribological behavior ; fretting ; sliding ; lubricating grease ; heterogeneous crystallization ; glass transition ; rheology ; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the peer-reviewed papers published in the Special Issue “Surface engineering & coatings technologies for corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance" in the Materials journal. The Special Issue reprint aims to bring together the latest developments in this technologically, economically, and environmentally important area. It provides a forum for researchers to share their original work or insight reviews in this field.
    Keywords: advanced high-strength steel ; phosphate coating ; acid cleaning ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; electro spark deposition (ESD) ; Mo coating ; H13 steel ; microhardness ; wear resistance ; corrosion resistance ; polymer derived ceramics ; coatings ; fillers ; stainless steel ; hydrothermal corrosion ; n/a ; tribocorrosion ; abrasive wear ; hot-forming process ; boron steel ; heat treatment ; hot-dip zinc galvanizing ; coating hardness ; plasma immersion ion implantation ; niobium ; bipolar plate ; metals ; electrophoretic deposition (EPD) ; cataphoretic (CPD) and anaphoretic deposition (APD) ; inhibited formulations (INFOR) ; organosilanes ; corrosion inhibitors ; metal corrosion ; anti-corrosion inhibitor ; polymeric inhibitor ; adsorption ; titanium alloys ; plasma nitriding ; TEM ; HRTEM ; galvanized steel ; adhesive bonding ; interfacial interaction ; molecular dynamics (MD) ; density functional theory (DFT) ; laser shock processing ; aeronautical components ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This second Special Issue was compiled because of the interest demonstrated by the great success of the first Special Issue devoted to "Sensor Systems for Gesture Recognition".We believe this reprint acts as a meaningful window towards "Gesture Recognition" and the related sensors allowing the gathering of necessary data.
    Keywords: abnormal gait behavior ; OpenPose ; machine learning ; XGBoost ; random forest ; horse locomotion ; training effect ; inertial measurement units ; sports technology ; football ; motion analysis ; IMU ; trajectory reconstruction ; human-computer interactive ; data glove ; virtual hand ; emotion driven ; test ; visual tracking ; Siamese tracker ; tracking drift ; background clutter ; deep learning ; surgical skills assessment ; computer vision ; surgical education ; biomedical engineering ; multi-modal ; human activity recognition ; markerless ; RGB-D ; general movements ; infant movement analysis ; movement disorders ; surface electromyography ; forearm amputee ; hand posture ; visual feedback training ; pattern recognition ; artificial neural network ; hand gesture recognition ; electromyography ; inertial measurement unit ; reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; extreme learning machine ; force myography ; grasshopper optimization algorithm ; k-tournament selection ; frequency emphasis ; ensemble learning ; sign language recognition ; gloss prediction ; transformer ; pose-based approach ; pose estimation ; emotion judgment system ; adaptive interactive game ; set of optimal signal features ; sensor ; MARG ; MIMU ; orientation estimation ; sensor fusion algorithm ; dataset ; orientation algorithm benchmarking ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Acoustic sensors have been utilized commercially for more than 60 years. Acoustic sensing technologies have been studied extensively and the information, transmission, reception, transformation, processing, and application of acoustic signals have been developed, with acoustic sensors as the central focus. An acoustic sensor is a device that converts a sound wave signal into an electrical signal. This Special Issue on Acoustic Sensors and Their Applications presents original research covering recent advances in all aspects of the design, development, testing, and application of acoustic sensors.
    Keywords: Acoustic&nbsp ; emission ; piezoelectric&nbsp ; transducer ; hybrid acoustic model ; &nbsp ; structural health monitoring ; non-destructive testing ; computational paralinguistics ; pencil lead break test ; leak detection ; optical microphone ; speaker recognition ; thickness measurement ; sound navigation and ranging ; noise control ; infinity tube ; ultrasonic measurement ; air-coupled ultrasound ; ATP system in air ; optical ultrasound detection. ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: The Special Issue constitutes the collection of the selected papers, which results were presented during the XVIII Conference on Automation, Operation and Maintenance of Control and Communication Systems ASMOR 2022. The conference took place in Władysławowo (Poland) on 12-14 October 2022. The scope of the conference was mainly focused on automation and exploitation aspects of the control and communications systems. In order to meet the highest quality standards for published papers, only the articles selected by the ASMOR Scientific Committee and the Electronics Editors were qualified for an extensive reviewing process.
    Keywords: NIR DLP spectroscopy ; reflectance time-non-stable spectra ; artificial neural network ; SLAM ; 3D mapping ; mobile robot ; underground inspection ; evolutionary neural networks ; hill climb ; control ; classification ; collision avoidance ; path planning ; obstacle detection ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; artificial intelligence ; autonomous navigation ; autonomous navigation system ; maneuver auto-negotiation ; multi-agent system ; obstacle avoidance ; real-time path planning ; unmanned surface vehicle ; LTE ; NB-IoT ; reception quality indicators ; data concentrator ; robotic deburring ; machining ; machining parameters ; pneumatic tools ; industrial robots ; optical scanner ; programming ; neural decision-making system ; communication ; robot ; laser tracker ; design of robotic system ; measurement in robotics ; signal analyzer ; tune master ; test signal viewer ; robot monitoring ; attitude ; aircraft ; UAV ; fixed-wing ; quaternions ; Euler angles ; avionics ; UWA channel ; impulse response ; underwater communication ; signal propagation ; channel stationarity ; chirp signal ; biomimetic underwater vehicle ; depth controller ; genetic algorithms ; particle swarm optimization ; Pareto optimization ; magnetic launcher ; levitation force ; dynamics modeling ; numerical simulation ; automation of control systems ; operation and maintenance of control systems ; automation of communication systems ; operation and maintenance of communication systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The use of robots in marine and underwater applications is growing rapidly. These applications share the common requirement of modeling the environment and estimating the robots’ pose. Although there are several mapping, SLAM, target detection and localization methods, marine and underwater environments have several challenging characteristics, such as poor visibility, water currents, communication issues, sonar inaccuracies or unstructured environments, that have to be considered. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the current research trends in the topics of underwater localization, mapping, SLAM, and target detection and localization. To this end, we have collected seven articles from leading researchers in the field, and present the different approaches and methods currently being investigated to improve the performance of underwater robots.
    Keywords: underwater acoustic signal processing ; channel model ; signal enhancement ; signal denoising ; passive detection ; underwater localization ; electric field ; subspace scanning ; meta-EP PSO ; multi robot ; Simultaneous Localization and Mapping ; visual loop closure ; image global signatures ; sonar ; underwater robotics ; acoustic image segmentation ; neural network ; robust adaptive beamforming ; steering vector mismatch ; interference-plus-noise covariance matrix ; array errors ; point cloud segmentation ; deep learning ; pipe and valve recognition ; underwater perception ; computer vision ; autonomous navigation ; range sensing ; inspection and maintenance ; 3D vision ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.
    Keywords: tensor glyph ; golden section ; vector space ; sandwich ; springback ; Vegter yield criterion ; numerical simulation ; PAM-STAMP 2G ; isotropic hardening law ; kinematic hardening law ; bending ; Bauschinger effect ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; additive manufacturing ; high precision metrology ; CAD ; predictive model ; ship hull structure ; computer-aided design of structure ; database ; function soft block ; gun drill tool ; deep-drilling technology ; optimization ; tool life ; angle ; digital implant impression ; interimplant distance ; intraoral scanner ; trueness ; sewing machine ; needle bar ; floating needle ; electromagnet ; electromagnetic simulation ; noise reduction ; cycloidal gearbox ; friction ; actuator ; servomotor ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; fixture design ; machining ; sustainable manufacturing ; process innovation ; complex-shape part ; signal processing ; monitoring system ; laser profiler ; surface roughness ; quality assessment ; non-contact method ; vision-based method ; frequency analysis ; abrasive water jet ; wood plastic composite ; natural reinforcement ; knitting machine ; stroke ; drive ; simulation ; cylinder ; dynamic modeling ; load spectrum reconstruction ; fatigue test ; hydraulic excavator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: In addition to the avoidance and long-term storage (CCS) of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the utilization of CO2 for the production of usable products is discussed as a possible method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The associated technologies are summarized under the term "Carbon Capture and Utilization" (CCU). CCU technologies have gained increasing attention in science and industry over the last decade and are considered essential for meeting the reduction goals of the Paris Agreement. The selection of research papers in this book, mostly focused on Power-to-X technologies and the catalytic conversion of CO2, are related to the most recent advancements in CCU technologies.
    Keywords: blast furnace gas ; coke oven gas ; basic oxygen furnace gas ; methanation ; methanol synthesis ; aspen plus ; gas cleaning ; hydrogen ; steelworks sustainability ; catalytic dewaxing ; hydroprocessing ; lubricant production ; Fischer–Tropsch ; CO2 hydrogenation ; methanol ; caustic MgO ; bifunctional catalyst ; power-to-gas ; catalytic methanation ; biomass ; gasification ; synthetic natural gas ; steelworks ; real gases ; activated carbon ; catalyst poison and degradation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Advanced X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis play an essential role in the development of new energy intelligent vehicles, which is the inevitable choice for intelligent vehicles in the future. This technology is involved in mechanical engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, computer technology, control engineering, signal processing, and artificial intelligence. Advanced electrified chassis control technology transmits control signals through cables and acts directly on the actuator to implement corresponding actions. The application of X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis has changed the complex mechanical connections among actuators and hydraulic and pneumatic equipment in the past, greatly promoting energy efficiency, integration, and intelligence. This reprint focuses on advanced X-by-wire technologies in strong reliability design, modeling, integration control, thermal management, energy management, fault diagnosis, and fault-tolerant control with the vehicular electrified chassis. Therefore, the aim of this reprint was to solicit recent advanced X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis.
    Keywords: energy consumption optimization ; torque distribution ; energy efficiency ; motor efficiency ; four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle ; nonlinear model predictive control ; four-wheel drive ; acceleration slip regulation ; intervention and exit mechanisms ; autonomous driving ; planning algorithm ; variable Gaussian safety field ; reinforcement learning ; policy gradient ; x-by-wire vehicle ; trajectory tracking control ; model predictive control ; hierarchical control ; distributed drive electric vehicles ; additional roll moment ; decoupling control ; load transfer rate ; electronically controlled air suspension ; solenoid valve ; extended Kalman filter bank ; fault diagnosis ; fault-tolerant control ; distributed driving electric vehicles ; polynomial path planning ; torque allocation ; obstacle avoidance path tracking ; fuzzy neural network ; particle swarm algorithm ; PID control ; active suspension ; MATLAB/Simulink simulation ; suspension ; mechatronic inerter ; bridge network ; high-order impedance ; real vehicle test ; autonomous vehicle ; path tracking control ; non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control ; model reference control ; vehicle ; fractional-order electrical network ; structure-immittance approach ; optimal design ; multi-agent coordinated control system ; active collision avoidance ; blackboard model ; real-time ; electric vehicles ; regenerative braking ; energy recovery ; genetic algorithm ; braking stability ; seat suspension ; inerter ; mechatronic system ; permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) ; position sensorless compound control ; high frequency (HF) signal injection method ; I/F control ; model-based techniques ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This overview of the most recent advances in the field of SMA research and applications in civil engineering aims to help remove the knowledge barriers across disciplines and sheds considerable light on the opportunity to commercialize SMA products in the construction industry.
    Keywords: seismic analysis ; rocking pier ; shape memory alloy ; ECC material ; bridge engineering ; television transmission tower ; seismic excitation ; shape memory alloy damper ; parametric study ; vibration control ; shape memory alloys ; engineered cementitious composites ; composites materials ; self-recovery capacity ; bending behavior ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; superelastic ; parameter identification ; constitutive model ; thermodynamic parameters ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; self-centering SMA brace ; loading rate ; initial strain ; energy dissipation coefficient ; self-centering ; beam-column joints ; seismic performance ; iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; prestressing ; low cycle fatigue ; seismic ; damping ; transmission tower ; wind excitation ; SMA damper ; energy response ; viscoelastic ; brace ; hybrid control ; seismic resilience ; self-centering rocking (SCR) piers ; seismic fragility ; resilience ; life-cycle loss ; ferrous shape memory alloys ; prestress ; recovery stress ; relaxation ; thermomechanical behavior ; fatigue ; active materials ; low-cost SMAs ; civil engineering applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue includes nine original contributions focused on river hydraulics. Four of these resulted from cooperation between universities from different countries: (a) Russia and Poland , (b) Taiwan and the USA , (c) Iran and Italy, and (d) India and Italy . The other contributions resulted from research carried out in universities from South Korea [5], Greece [6], China , and Japan .
    Keywords: bed roughness ; open-channel flow ; OpenFOAM ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model ; turbulence model ; two-dimensional dune ; 60° bend ; bed shear stress ; turbulent kinetic energy ; Reynolds shear stress ; log-law ; continuous bend ; transition section ; correlation of flow movement ; width/depth ratio ; circulation structure ; circulation intensity ; numerical simulation ; local scour ; spur dike ; angle of repose ; river sediment transport modeling ; alluvial channels ; hydraulic riverbed resistance ; mathematical modeling ; van Rijn sediment transport formula ; local scouring ; bridge pile group ; material harvesting pit ; hydrodynamic bridge pier ; flow pattern ; FLOW-3D ; bed load transport ; random forests ; Gaussian processes regression ; Meyer–Peter and Müller formula ; sediment transport ; incision ; meandering ; bedrock ; curved channel ; bed configurations ; annular flume ; cover lid rotation speed ; developing flow ; fully-developed flow ; Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor ; seepage flow ; turbulence intensity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Corrugated and composite materials can significantly outperform traditional materials. Nowadays, such materials have gained more and more attention and application not only in theoretical, experimental or numerical scientific studies but also in daily industrial problems, which require innovative solutions. The specific geometry of a corrugated layer, or the combination of two or more materials in the structures allows the mechanical properties with specific features favorable for use in a specific engineering problem to be obtained. For example, due to the specific compositions of the corrugated materials, the ratio of the load capacity to the weight of the sections is much higher than that of traditional solid sections. Therefore, such materials should be used when the weight of the structure must be optimized or the structure must have openwork geometry. Among others, the composites can be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, in corrugated boards in the packaging industry; in soft-core sandwich panels, window frames in structural engineering; in wings in commercial, civilian and military aerospace applications; in the vehicle and its equipment devices, including, panels, frames or other interior components; in fans, grating, tanks, ducts and pumps in environmental installations; in electrical engineering in switchgear, motor controls, control system components or circuit breakers; and in many more. This Special Issue “Mechanics of Corrugated and Composite Materials” addresses selected knowledge gaps and aids advance in this area.
    Keywords: corrugated board ; numerical homogenization ; strain energy equivalence ; finite element method ; plate stiffness properties ; shell structures ; transverse shear ; corrugated cardboard ; edge crush test ; orthotropic elasticity ; digital image correlation ; composites ; sandwich panel ; composite structural insulated panel ; magnesium oxide board ; bimodular material ; experimental mechanics ; computational mechanics ; finite element analysis ; perforation ; creasing ; flexural stiffness ; torsional stiffness ; sandwich panels ; local instability ; strain energy ; wrinkling ; orthotropic core ; box strength estimation ; packaging flaps ; crease line shifting ; compressive stiffness ; corrugated box ; compression strength ; pallet ; unit load ; unit load optimization ; composite sandwich structures ; thin-walled structures ; anisotropic material ; corrugated core ; homogenization approach ; first-order shear deformation theory ; FSDT ; FEM simulation ; design process ; aluminium-timber structures ; laminated veneer lumber (LVL) ; toothed plate ; screwed connection ; shear connection ; push-out test ; honeycomb panels ; starch ; impregnation ; climatic conditions ; strength ; stiffness ; energy absorption ; homogenization method ; lattice materials ; periodic cellular materials ; multiscale mechanics ; aluminium powder ; detonation ; explosive ; combustion ; oxidation ; equation of state ; n/a ; localizing gradient damage ; gradient activity function ; tension ; concrete cracking ; impact load ; dynamics ; air operation safety ; flying risk ; risk management ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 132
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: In recent years, applied marine sciences and engineering has attracted worldwide attention, which includes basic theoretical research and applied research on marine hydrology, meteorology, physics and geology. Besides, new viewpoints, new developments, new theories, new methods, new applications and new experiences of investigation, research and management in the marine environment and big data, ocean and coastal engineering, marine/coastal disaster and risk assessment, river dynamics, marine ecological environment, marine instruments and equipment, etc. are also included. This Special Issue aims to address the recent advances in marine environmental information and the application of marine environmental information.
    Keywords: Marine science ; Ocean Engineering ; Marine geology ; Marine environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 133
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Vehicle electrification has been identified as one of the main technology trends in this second decade of the 21st century. Nearly 10% of global car sales in 2021 were electric, and this figure would be 50% by 2030 to reduce the oil import dependency and transport emissions in line with countries’ climate goals. This book addresses the efficient power and propulsion systems which cover essential topics for research and development on EVs, HEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), including: Energy storage systems (battery, fuel cell, supercapacitors, and their hybrid systems); Power electronics devices and converters; Electric machine drive control, optimization, and design; Energy system advanced management methods Primarily intended for professionals and advanced students who are working on EV/HEV/FCEV power and propulsion systems, this edited book surveys state of the art novel control/optimization techniques for different components, as well as for vehicle as a whole system. New readers may also find valuable information on the structure and methodologies in such an interdisciplinary field. Contributed by experienced authors from different research laboratory around the world, these 11 chapters provide balanced materials from theorical background to methodologies and practical implementation to deal with various issues of this challenging technology. This reprint encourages researchers working in this field to stay actualized on the latest developments on electric vehicle efficient power and propulsion systems, for road and rail, both manned and unmanned vehicles.
    Keywords: Electric vehicle ; 2-wheel-drive ; 4-wheel-drive ; single- and 2-speed transmissions ; optimal torque distribution ; optimal gear selection ; lithium-ion batteries ; state-of-charge estimation ; adaptive square-root unscented Kalman filter ; recursive least squares ; industrial self-guided vehicle ; differential drive mobile robots ; energy management strategy ; fuel cell ; propulsion inverter ; PMSM drive ; efficiency analysis ; SiC inverter ; electric vehicle ; in-wheel-motor ; motion control ; anti-slip ; slip-ratio ; multi-agent-system ; energy management strategy (EMS) ; parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) ; energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) ; hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) ; real-time ; simulator ; hardware-in-the-loop ; energy consumption ; energy management ; logistics ; supply chain ; vehicle routing problem ; co-design ; continuously variable transmission ; component sizing ; optimal control ; convex programming ; energy efficiency ; hybrid electric vehicle ; auto-rickshaw ; multi-objective optimization ; rule-based control ; dynamic programming ; fuel economy ; backward-facing model ; forward-facing model ; lithium-ion battery ; balancing systems ; electric vehicles ; consensus algorithm ; distributed control ; state-of-charge equalization ; temperature equalization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint features 12 research articles that contribute to the research on lubricated bearings. The articles focus on the latest steps in understanding bearing operating behavior, its interaction with lubricants, and its role as a component in the drive train. In addition to the description of novel modeling approaches, a variety of experimental data are presented to provide interesting identification results as well as validation data for the research and engineering community.
    Keywords: journal bearing ; rotor stability ; floating ring bearing ; lobe bearing ; wave bearing ; lemon bearing ; Hopf bifurcation ; sliding bearings ; tilting pad journal bearings ; flow transition ; laminar flow ; turbulent flow ; non-laminar regime ; temperature reduction ; load capacity increase ; tilting-pad journal bearing ; pad deformation ; heat transfer ; trailing edge groove ; CFD ; power loss ; run-up simulation ; semi-floating ring bearing ; thrust bearing ; two-phase flow cavitation ; oil-whirl and oil-whip ; aerostatic bearings ; compensation ; infinite stiffness ; diaphragm valve ; design ; acoustic ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; lubrication ; roughness ; planet gear bearing ; misalignment ; mixed friction ; wear ; wind turbine gearbox ; structure deformation ; metal-polymer plain bearings ; PA6-based polyamide composites ; dispersed glass and carbon fibers ; temperature ; Young’s modulus ; maximum contact pressures and resource ; boundary and dry friction ; lithium grease ; graphene ; load-carrying capacity ; wear scar ; infrared thermography ; vibration analysis ; damping ratio ; wettability ; lubrification ; oleophilicity ; hydrophobicity ; laser surface texturing ; experimental investigation ; lubrication method ; flooded bearing design ; non-flooded bearing design ; spray-bar ; leading edge groove ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: These proceedings aim to collect the ideas presented, discussed, and disputed at the 40th Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy, MaxEnt 2021. Skilling and Knuth seek to rebuild the foundations of quantum mechanics from probability theory, and Caticha competes in that endeavour with a very different entropy-based approach. Costa connects entropy with general relativity, Pessoa reports new insights on ecology and Yousefi derives classical density functional theory, both through the maximum entropy principle. Von Toussaint, Preuss, Albert, Rath, Ranftl and Kvas report the latest developments in regression and surrogate-based inference with applications to optimization and inverse problems in plasma physics, biomechanics and geodesy. Van Soom presents new priors for phonetics, Stern et al. propose a new haphazard sampling method, and Kelter uncovers two measure theoretic iss phonetics ues with hypothesis testing.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Our era is characterized by two major phenomena. On the one hand, we are confronted by climate and environmental crises constituted by, among others, changing weather patterns, loss of biodiversity and natural wildlife, and ecosystem degradation. On the other hand, we are experiencing an ongoing technological evolution culminating in the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). The popular notion of “AI for Sustainability” constitutes an attempt to connect these two phenomena in a beneficial way by using AI to alleviate climate and environmental worries. AI is increasingly being used in the analysis, mitigation, and prevention of the climate and environmental crises and their effects. Much less attention has been paid to the idea of the “Sustainability of AI”, which focusses on the materiality of AI technologies themselves. Indeed, what are the hidden costs of AI? Although we use AI in combatting the climate and environmental crises, does it not have its own contributions to these crises? And, if so, how do we account for these contributions? The Special Issue is the first attempt to address the topic of “Sustainable AI” from a multi-disciplinary perspective. The authors that contributed to this issue come from diverse fields such as philosophy, ethics, sociology, law, and engineering. The included papers represent the first steps in understanding what it means to tackle the climate and environmental crises with AI while refraining from aggravating these crises.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; Sustainable Development Goals ; ESG ; CSR ; reporting ; disclosure ; sustainability ; sustainable AI ; greenwashing ; unfair commercial practices ; AI Act ; digitalization ; sustainable digitalization ; sustainable development ; SDGs ; Assessment Framework ; mindful ; digital age ; digitainability ; digital technologies ; qualitative research ; environmental impact ; carboncentric ; technocentric ; surrogate-based optimisation ; surrogate model ; sequential model-based optimisation ; Bayesian optimisation ; Green AI ; machine learning ; intergenerational justice ; future generations ; policy-making ; explainability ; transparency ; AI ; AI governance ; ethics ; ethical AI ; differential privacy ; AI certification ; ethics of AI ; AI ethics ; checklist ethics ; ethics of carefulness ; ethics of desirability ; climate justice ; infrastructure ; climate change ; nudging ; digital nudging ; libertarian paternalism ; autonomy ; carbon footprint ; LCA ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 137
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The development of modern numerical methods has led to significant advances in the field of fatigue and fracture, which are pivotal issues in structural integrity. Because of the permanent tendency to shorten time-to-market periods and the development cost, the use of the finite element method, extended finite element method, peridynamics, or meshless methods, among others, has represented a viable alternative to experimental methods. This Special Issue aims to focus on the new trends in computational methods to address fatigue and fracture problems. Research on innovative and successful industrial applications as well as on nonconventional numerical approaches is also addressed.
    Keywords: finite element method ; Taguchi method ; tooth surface contact stress ; tooth profile deviations ; meshing errors ; lead crowning modifications ; critical load ; fracture ; tubular cantilever beam ; U-notch ; theory of critical distances ; LEFM ; mesh density ; mixed mode stress intensity factors ; fatigue crack growth ; FEM ; fatigue failure ; design flaws ; mechanical system ; parametric ALT ; hinge kit system ; XFEM ; ANSYS mechanical ; smart crack growth ; stress intensity factors ; fatigue life prediction ; gears ; Single Tooth Bending Fatigue ; STBF ; Finite Element Model ; material characterization ; multiaxial fatigue ; critical plane ; metal casting ; mold design ; simulation ; optimization ; fatigue life ; reliability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 138
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Primary energy consumption around the world has been increasing steadily since the Industrial Revolution and shows no signals of slowing down in the coming years. This trend is accompanied by the increasing pollutant concentration on the Earth’s biosystems and the general concerns over the health and environmental impacts that will ensue. Air quality, water purity, atmospheric CO2 concentration, etc., are some examples of environmental parameters that are degrading due to human activities. These ecosystems can be safeguarded without renouncing industrial development, urban and economic development through the use of low environmental impact technologies instead of equivalent pollutant ones or through the use of technologies to mitigate the negative impact of high emissions technologies. Pollutant abatement systems, carbon capture technologies, biobased products, etc. need to be established in order to make environmental parameters more and more similar to the pre-industrialization values of the planet Earth. In 15 papers international scientists addressed such topics, especially combining a high academic standard coupled with a practical focus on green processes and a quantitative approach to environmental impacts.
    Keywords: environmental compliance ; enterprise innovation ; Chinese manufacturing enterprises ; U-shaped relationship ; anaerobic digestion ; digestate ; liquid-solid separation ; membrane separation ; nutrient recovery ; membrane fouling ; biomass ; syngas scrubber wastewater ; environmental pollution ; pollutant abatement technologies ; biochar ; adsorption ; air quality ; Saharan dust ; mineral dust ; toxicity assessment ; luminescent bacteria ; acute and chronic toxicity ; environmental stringency policies ; human development ; CO2 emissions ; panel cointegration and causality analyses ; hydroelectricity consumption ; economic growth ; urbanization ; China ; crop production ; agricultural carbon emissions ; EKC ; decoupling ; LMDI ; innovative human capital ; CO2 emission ; Chinese provinces ; emissions trading system ; green total factor productivity ; spatial difference-in-difference ; energy efficiency ; green innovation ; industry structure ; spatial heterogeneity ; carbon tax ; low-carbon economy ; double dividend ; CGE model ; tax neutrality ; carbon tax recycling system ; human resource management (HRM) ; green psychological climate (GPC) ; green organizational culture (GOC) ; environmental concerns ; economic performance ; CEO tournament incentive ; tournament theory ; state-owned enterprises ; carbon tax recycling policy ; green economy ; technological progress ; triple dividend ; carbon emissions ; channeled emission ; emission factor ; particulate matter ; abatement technology ; ceramic industry ; PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 139
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Biomedical sensors stand at the forefront of modern medical technologies, serving as indispensable components in diverse instruments and equipment. These sensors unravel the intricacies of biological processes and medical interventions. The recent surge in high-density sensor systems, characterized by arrangements in matrix arrays and other configurations, has ushered in a new era of functional evaluation. This spans electrophysiological activity, the metabolic responses of organs and tissues, and motor control analysis, all enriched with crucial spatial information. Functional mapping, a burgeoning approach in various biomedical techniques such as EEG, EMG, ECG, NIRS, and MEG, is proving to be transformative. Its integration enhances our comprehension of complex biological behaviors, where the precise spatial localization of sensing methodologies becomes paramount. The applications of functional mapping using biomedical sensors extend across multiple fields, including neuroscience, neuromuscular physiology, rehabilitation, and cardiology. Its utility ranges from diagnostic purposes to assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The primary objective of this reprint was to collect papers that delineate the forefront of techniques, methods, and applications in the realm of biomedical sensors. Additionally, the focus extends to specific algorithms for data processing, ensuring a robust understanding of functional information intricately associated with spatial localization.
    Keywords: EMG ; EEG ; rehabilitation ; neuromotor ; evaluation ; assessment ; review ; machine learning ; biofeedback ; transfer learning ; random forest classifier ; COVID-19 ; intubation ; tracheoesophageal fistula ; tracheal lesions ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; modeling ; intensive care unit ; muscle synergies ; whole body FES ; neurological patients ; photodynamic therapy ; fluorescence ; laser ; fluorophores ; enamel ; effective connectivity ; kurtosis ; resting-state connectivity ; stationarity ; sleep monitoring ; pressure bed sensor (PBS) ; unobtrusive measure ; multi-scale analysis ; sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) ; shift-working ; optically detected magnetic resonance ; quantum magnetometer ; magnetoencephalography ; time domain ; functional near infrared spectroscopy ; diffuse optics ; brain ; hemodynamics ; resting-state brain oscillation ; mental workload ; signal processing ; reliability ; cognitive performance ; Simon task ; emotion detection ; valence ; arousal ; wearable sensors ; regression ; classification ; technology acceptance model ; rehabilitation exoskeletons ; therapists ; neuro-rehabilitation ; multiple linear regression ; Pearson’s correlation ; integrated sensor systems ; hand function ; hand osteoarthritis ; electromyography ; diagnosis ; discriminant analysis ; photoplethysmogram ; microcirculation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; modelling ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 140
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: biofuel ; greenhouse gas emissions ; reduction in GHG emissions ; mechanical engineering ; internal combustion engines ; air pollution ; engine component wear ; power loss ; air filter pressure drop ; engine power ; hourly and specific fuel consumption ; smoke opacity ; air filter ; tracked vehicle ; return cyclone with tangential inlet ; cyclone design modifications ; separation efficiency ; pressure drop ; experimental studies ; dual fuel ; diesel-CNG ; CNG ; exhaust components ; emission of toxic exhaust components ; chassis dynamometer ; semi-truck ; dual-fuel ; tuning ; CFD ; scrubber ; wash water ; pH modelling ; alternative fuel ; exhaust gas composition ; exhaust emissions ; CO ; NO ; NO2 ; NOX CH4 ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; C3H8 ; NH3 ; CH2O ; PowerCore filter bed ; separation efficiency and accuracy ; dust absorption coefficient ; two-stage air filter ; vehicle internal combustion engine ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The book is the reprint of the Special Issue 'Advances in Sustainable and Digitalized Factories: Manufacturing, Measuring Technologies and Systems' published in the journal Applied Science (MDPI). It contains 17 articles, including 1 Editorial, 14 Research Papers, and 2 Reviews.
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; continuous improvement ; lean manufacturing ; lean production systems ; lean 4.0 ; systematic literature review ; tiny RFID ; metallic electromagnetic isolation ; analog manometer ; Ansys HFSS simulator ; passive digitization ; ontology ; production simulation ; multi-agent ; digital twin ; augmented reality ; industry 4.0 ; quality 4.0 ; metrology ; assembly ; turbine blades ; re-manufacturing ; uncertainty ; robust scheduling ; case-based reasoning ; failure mode ; effect and criticality analysis ; knowledge-based system ; nearest neighbor ; reliability-centered maintenance ; virtual reality ; cyber physical system ; OPC UA ; CAD ; industrial IoT ; prototyping ; retrofitting solutions ; embedded solutions ; low-cost ; value chain ; additive manufacturing ; subtractive manufacturing ; cost comparison ; plant simulation ; technology comparison ; hybrid dependability modelling ; production scheduling ; dynamic failure rate ; discrete event simulation ; time-driven simulation ; machine learning ; manufacturing ; artificial intelligence ; smart manufacturing ; digitization ; smart surface ; friction force field ; under-actuation ; feeding ; simulation ; material flow handling ; intralogistics ; robotic bin-picking ; simulation model ; ADAMS ; pick-point determination ; MATLAB/Simulink ; 2-F robotic gripper ; performance analysis ; plastic injection molding ; design of experiments ; process optimization ; facility layout problem ; evolutionary algorithms ; numerical modeling ; multi-objective optimization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book contains state-of-the-art experimental and numerical studies showing the most recent advancements in the field of rotary wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity, with particular application to the rotorcraft and wind energy research fields.
    Keywords: rotary-wing aerodynamics ; rotor interaction ; eVTOL aircraft ; computational fluid dynamics ; vortex particle method ; blade design ; wind turbine model ; wind tunnel ; natural laboratory ; vortex detection criterion ; BEM method ; tip vortex interactions ; DAWT ; ducted wind turbine ; H type Darrieus ; VAWT ; dynamic stall ; leading edge vortex ; aeroelasticity ; fluid-structure interaction ; multibody dynamics ; tiltrotor ; handling qualities ; piloted simulation ; wind turbine wake ; helicopter vortex–rotor interaction ; wake vortex encounter ; helicopter offshore operation ; flight safety ; rotorcraft ; offshore wind energy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: At present, the manufacturing industry is focused on the production of lighter weight components with better mechanical properties and always fulfilling all the environmental requirements. These challenges have caused a need for developing manufacturing processes in general, including obviously those devoted in particular to the development of thin-walled metallic shapes, as is the case with tubular and sheet metal parts and devices.This Special Issue is thus devoted to research in the fields of sheet metal forming and tube forming, and their applications, including both experimental and numerical approaches and using a variety of scientific and technological tools, such as forming limit diagrams (FLDs), analysis on formability and failure, strain analysis based on circle grids or digital image correlation (DIC), and finite element analysis (FEA), among others.In this context, we are pleased to present this Special Issue dealing with recent studies in the field of tube and sheet metal forming processes and their main applications within different high-tech industries, such as the aerospace, automotive, or medical sectors, among others.
    Keywords: micro tube ; hollow sinking ; plastic anisotropy ; surface quality ; size effect ; plasticity ; strength ; metallic tubes ; finite element analysis ; accumulative extrusion bonding ; kinematic bending ; product properties ; local heating ; profile bending ; asymmetric profile ; warping ; superimposed hydrostatic pressure ; shear damage growth ; fracture strain ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; additive manufacturing ; rapid prototyping ; sheet metal forming ; V-bending ; groove pressing ; HA-SPIF ; surface finish ; machine learning ; Ti6Al4V ; R-value ; thickness strain ; digital image correlation ; multi-camera DIC ; non-destructive testing ; single point incremental forming ; tube expansion ; formability ; fracture ; stress-triaxiality ; strain-hardening ; viscoplasticity ; bending ; semi-analytic solution ; Ti-6Al-4V ELI ; superplastic forming ; custom prosthesis ; in vivo tests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Marine engines are efficient machines, but stricter legislation about emissions makes continuous research necessary in order to reduce their consumption and improve their efficiency. This Special Issue, “Marine Engines Performance and Emissions II”, is a continuation of “Marine Engines Performance and Emissions”. It contains a set of peer-reviewed works about marine engine performance and emissions.
    Keywords: turbocharger diagnostics ; large diesel engine ; acoustic spectral analysis ; DFT leakage ; mechanical properties ; tensile strength ; laser sintering ; fracture ; additive technology ; rapid prototyping ; silencer ; composite scrubber ; transmission loss ; pressure drop ; noise reduction ; sulfur oxides ; marine gearboxes ; gear wheel shapes ; forged spur gear ; casted spur gear ; meshing stiffness ; gear teeth deformation ; FEM ; emissions ; alternative fuels ; combustion engine ; environment ; ammonia ; decarbonization ; marine engines ; ship emission ; scenario simulation ; automatic identification system (AIS) ; carbon emissions ; geographic information system (GIS) ; linear rolling systems ; ship emissions ; vibrodiagnostics ; wear ; compact system ; sold liquids ; metrology ; gas station dispensers ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 145
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book is intended to shed some light on recent advances in antenna design for these new emerging applications and identify further research areas in this exciting field of communications technologies. Considering the specificity of the operational environment, e.g., huge distance, moving support (satellite), huge temperature drift, small dimension with respect to the distance, etc, antennas, are the fundamental device allowing to maintain a constant interoperability between ground station and satellite, or different satellites. High gain, stable (in temperature, and time) performances, long lifecycle are some of the requirements that necessitates special attention with respect to standard designs. The chapters of this book discuss various aspects of the above-mentioned list presenting the view of the authors. Some of the contributors are working strictly in the field (space), so they have a very targeted view on the subjects, while others with a more academic background, proposes futuristic solutions. We hope that interested reader, will find a fertile source of information, that combined with their interest/background will allow efficiently exploiting the combination of these two perspectives.
    Keywords: 5G ; sub-6 GHz ; MIMO ; dual-band antenna ; smartphone ; phase gradient ; radar cross section reduction ; square patch unit cell ; modulated surface ; base station antenna challenges ; multiband antennas ; multibeam antennas ; antenna arrays ; smartphone antennas ; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ; flexible ; four-element ; antenna array ; CST ; SAR ; monopole antenna ; two-antenna MIMO ; slot loaded ; Sub-6 GHz ; IEEE 802.11ac/ac ; X-band ; C-band ; shared radiator ; conformal ; mmWave 5G ; 28 GHz band ; multi-band ; UWB ; 5G communications ; notches ; bowtie-shaped ; multiband ; time-domain analysis ; sub-GHz ; meandered loop ; frequency agile ; IoT antenna ; 5G antenna ; circular rings ; dual-beam ; mm-wave ; efficiency ; gain ; linear array ; antennas ; SISO antennas ; n257 ; n258 ; n261 ; CubeSat missions ; CubeSat antennas ; miniaturized satellites ; single element antennas ; CubeSat subsystems ; antenna selection ; antenna designs ; microwave imaging ; ultra-wideband ; fractal antenna ; co-planar waveguide ; fractional bandwidth ; group delay ; 6G communications ; characteristic mode analysis (CMA) ; dumbbell-structure ; graphene ; metamaterial ; MIMO antenna ; IoT ; mmWave ; plow-shape ; polarization diversity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Marine power systems have been designed to be a safer alternative to stationary plants in order to adhere to the regulations of classification societies. Marine steam boilers recently achieved 10 MPa pressure, in comparison to stationary plants, where a typical boiler pressure of 17 MPa was the standard for years. The latest land-based, ultra-supercritical steam boilers reach 25 MPa pressure and 620 °C temperatures, which increases plant efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. There is little chance that such a plant concept could be applied to ships. The reliability of marine power systems has to be higher due to the lack of available spare parts and services that are available for shore power systems. Some systems are still very expensive and are not able to be widely utilized for commercial merchant fleets such as COGAS, mainly due to the high cost of gas turbines. Submarine vehicles are also part of marine power systems, which have to be reliable and accurate in their operation due to their distant control centers. Materials that are used in marine environments are prone to faster corrosive wear, so special care also should be taken in this regard. The main aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the options and possibilities of utilizing energy in a more economical way, taking into account the reliability of such a system in operation.
    Keywords: atmospheric drain tank ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; optimization ; marine propulsion ; propulsion failure ; propulsion failure analysis ; mechanical failure ; LNG tanker ; combined cycle ; propulsion main engine ; marine diesel engine ; split injection ; fuel consumption ; NOx emissions ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; marine steam turbine ; MLP neural network ; turbine cylinders ; reliability ; fault tree analysis ; failure diagnosis ; diesel engine turbocharger ; maintenance ; underwater vehicle ; isolation ; flexible foundation ; vibration mitigation ; CODLAG ; data-driven modelling ; genetic programming ; decay state coefficients ; submarine cable ; hydraulic jet ; jet parameter ; operation efficiency ; trigeneration energy system ; cogeneration ; absorption cooling ; heating and cooling output ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book is about JIDOKA, a Japanese management technique coined by Toyota that consists of imbuing machines with human intelligence. The purpose of this compilation of research articles is to show industrial leaders innovative cases of digitization of value creation processes that have allowed them to improve their performance in a sustainable way. This book shows several applications of JIDOKA in the quest towards an integration of human and AI within Industry 4.0 Cyber Physical Manufacturing Systems. From the use of artificial intelligence to advanced mathematical models or quantum computing, all paths are valid to advance in the process of human–machine integration.
    Keywords: healthy operator 4.0 ; human–cyber–physical system ; industrial internet of things ; industry 4.0 ; smart workplaces ; EEG sensors ; manufacturing systems ; shopfloor management ; machine learning ; deep learning ; reference architecture model ; interoperability ; digital twin ; distributed ledger technology ; GDPR ; RAMI 4.0 ; LASFA ; quantum computing ; strategic organizational design ; Industry 4.0 ; complex networks ; cyber-physical systems ; lean management systems ; quantum strategic organizational design ; quantum circuits ; quantum simulation ; JIDOKA ; Operator 4.0 ; process variability ; integration explaining variability ; quantum approximate optimization algorithm ; value–stream networks ; optimization ; maintenance interval ; maintenance model ; semi-Markov process ; right-censored data ; finite horizon ; maintenance cost ; Cyber-Physical Systems ; Lean Manufacturing ; Directed Acyclic Graphs ; scikit-learn ; pipegraph ; machine learning models ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled "Women in Artificial Intelligence" includes 17 papers from leading women scientists. The papers cover a broad scope of research areas within Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, perception, reasoning or planning, among others. The papers have applications to relevant fields, such as human health, finance, or education. It is worth noting that the Issue includes three papers that deal with different aspects of gender bias in Artificial Intelligence. All the papers have a woman as the first author. We can proudly say that these women are from countries worldwide, such as France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Australia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Romania, India, Cuba, Bangladesh and Spain. In conclusion, apart from its intrinsic scientific value as a Special Issue, combining interesting research works, this Special Issue intends to increase the invisibility of women in AI, showing where they are, what they do, and how they contribute to developments in Artificial Intelligence from their different places, positions, research branches and application fields. We planned to issue this book on the on Ada Lovelace Day (11/10/2022), a date internationally dedicated to the first computer programmer, a woman who had to fight the gender difficulties of her times, in the XIX century. We also thank the publisher for making this possible, thus allowing for this book to become a part of the international activities dedicated to celebrating the value of women in ICT all over the world. With this book, we want to pay homage to all the women that contributed over the years to the field of AI.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; computer-aided diagnosis ; computed tomography ; lung cancer ; deep learning ; lung nodule detection ; lung nodule segmentation ; convolutional neural network ; cellular automaton ; reconstruction ; complexity ; optimization ; high energy physics ; Reddit ; user-based model ; polarization ; local search optimization ; hate speech ; hate spread ; countermeasures ; social networks ; opinion diffusion ; education ; deferring hate content ; cyber activism ; classical Arabic ; short vowels ; audio dataset ; convolutional neural networks ; regularization ; machine learning ; segmentation ; clustering ; forecasting ; book copies ; publishing industry ; gamification ; adaptive gamification ; player types ; computational finance ; fuzzy logic ; membership function ; Type-1 fuzzy sets ; T1FLS ; Type-2 fuzzy sets ; T2FLS ; women ; research ; CURE ; hierarchical clustering ; cluster validity indices ; Calinski–Harabasz index ; bootstrapping ; Industry 4.0 ; 3D printing ; cognitive states ; mental workload ; EEG analysis ; neural networks ; multimodal data fusion ; peer assessment ; multiagent system ; probabilistic model ; comparative analysis ; Bayesian network ; Artificial Intelligence ; urban water cycle ; hydrosocial urban cycle ; urban political ecology ; gender gap ; equity ; explainable AI ; fuzzy rules ; dominance-based rough set approach ; diabetic retinopathy ; AI ; disease surveillance ; pandemics ; global public health ; ethics ; data ; missing datasets ; data-driven studies ; women in artificial intelligence ; women in data science ; women in STEM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars).
    Keywords: speech emotion recognition ; domain adaptation ; SER generalization ; Korean Emotional Speech Database ; ensemble model ; multi-path ; group-loss ; BLSTM network ; facial micromovement ; emotion recognition ; emotion authenticity ; HRV parameter ; game addiction ; League of Legends ; stress response ; sensitivity ; specificity ; logistic regression ; facial action unit ; facial aging ; facial expression ; posed emotion ; virtual avatar ; virtual human ; virtual character ; embodied conversational agent ; social interaction ; empathy ; CNN ; cognitive workload ; functional connectivity analysis ; LSTM ; mental workload ; mutual information ; phase locking value ; phase transfer entropy ; deep learning ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) ; multirate signal processing ; minimum overlapped frame structure ; self-attention ; multi-depth network ; video content empathy ; micro-movement synchronization ; non-contact empathy measurement ; empathic advertisement ; multimodal affective computing ; catecholamines ; emotion classification ; wearable devices ; deep neural networks ; multispectral imaging ; face recognition ; in the wild ; driver emotion recognition ; multimodal ; self-report ; real-world driving ; EEG ; learning emotions ; attention ; convolutional neural network ; multi-channel band features ; eye movement ; brain connectivity ; review ; human emotions ; affective and physiological states ; Plutchik’s wheel of emotions ; sensors ; methods and applications ; statistical and multiple criteria analysis ; country success and publications maps of the world ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Implementing environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions is a pressing need to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set to be achieved by 2030. Thus, the requirement to execute the design, construction and maintenance of civil engineering structures and infrastructures as sustainably as possible are big challenges currently faced by civil and geotechnical engineers. This book, compiling the papers published during the 2020–2021 biennium in the Topical Collection, “Sustainability in Geotechnics: The Use of Environmentally Friendly Materials”, is intended help tackle those challenges. Several topics are covered by the 23 papers published herein, including: sustainable ground improvement techniques; replacement of raw materials such as soils and aggregates by recycled materials; soil reinforcement with alternative materials; sustainable solutions using geosynthetics; low-carbon solutions for stabilization of contaminated soils; and bioengineering techniques to prevent soil erosion. The Guest Editor expects that this book can be very useful towards the achievement of more environmentally friendly solutions, in particular in the field of geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: low carbon materials ; heavy metal immobilization ; sustainable remediation ; environmentally friendly materials ; sustainability in geotechnics ; recycled construction and demolition materials ; geogrids ; pullout behaviour ; pullout test parameters ; cement ; lime ; copper slag ; strength ; durability ; microstructure ; eCO2 ; embodied energy ; soda residue ; fly ash ; field test ; laboratory test ; mechanical property ; gypsum ; liners ; pavements ; PROMETHEE ; heavy metals ; soil ; enzyme solutions ; desorption ; extractant ; bioengineering techniques ; vegetative cover index ; slope’s superficial erosion ; phytosanitary aspects ; climatological conditions ; geosynthetics ; geotextile tubes ; sludge ; dewatering ; total solids ; polymer dosing ; response surface ; geomembrane ; HDPE ; thermal analysis ; sewage ; leachate ; incinerator bottom ash ; geotextiles ; mechanical damage ; sustainable engineering ; waste valorization ; soil improvement ; polypropylene strips ; geotechnical properties ; sustainable reuse of plastic waste ; recycled pet strips ; lateritic soil ; composite ; uniaxial tests ; shear strength ; small-strain stiffness ; ground improvement ; ground remediation ; local strain ; triaxial test ; geopolymer ; soil stabilization ; expansive soils ; sustainability benefits ; sustainable ground improvement ; oil-contaminated soils ; geotextile–polynorbornene liner ; pollutant adsorption ; diffusion ; permeability alteration ; microbial induced carbonate precipitation ; life cycle assessment ; energy consumption ; carbon emissions ; fine-grained soil ; tire-derived aggregate ; optimum moisture content ; maximum dry unit weight ; Bland–Altman analysis ; geogrid ; recycled materials ; interface shear strength ; large-direct shear test ; base course reinforcement ; pavement geotechnics ; recycled aluminum salt slag ; resilient modulus ; leachate analysis ; soil–cement ; recycled waste ; fatigue life ; subgrade ; compressive strength ; geogrid-reinforced soil structure ; substitute building material ; recycled material ; green infrastructure ; polypropylene fibers ; drained test ; stress–dilatancy ; wastes ; tires ; CDW ; PET bottles ; sustainability in geotechnical engineering ; sustainable ground remediation ; geopolymers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The recent development of various application systems and platforms, such as 5G, B5G, 6G, and IoT, is based on the advancement of CMOS integrated circuit (IC) technology that enables them to implement high-performance chipsets. In addition to development in the traditional fields of analog and digital integrated circuits, the development of CMOS IC design and application in high-power and high-frequency operations, which was previously thought to be possible only with compound semiconductor technology, is a core technology that drives rapid industrial development. This book aims to highlight advances in all aspects of CMOS integrated circuit design and applications without discriminating between different operating frequencies, output powers, and the analog/digital domains. Specific topics in the book include: Next-generation CMOS circuit design and application; CMOS RF/microwave/millimeter-wave/terahertz-wave integrated circuits and systems; CMOS integrated circuits specially used for wireless or wired systems and applications such as converters, sensors, interfaces, frequency synthesizers/generators/rectifiers, and so on; Algorithm and signal-processing methods to improve the performance of CMOS circuits and systems.
    Keywords: spin memristor ; mask operation ; memristor switch ; memristor crossbar ; image processing ; CMOS ; voltage-controlled oscillator ; switched-biasing ; flicker noise ; phase noise ; current source ; figure-of-merit ; pixel-level ADC ; current-input ADC ; readout circuit ; microbolometer ; high SNR ; wide dynamic range ; current-reuse ; injection-locked frequency divider ; radar sensor ; wideband ; RF receiver ; blocker ; second-order intermodulation (IM2) ; orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) ; MedRadio ; medical implanted communication service (MICS) ; biomedical device ; biosensors ; LC-VCO ; current-shaping ; 90 nm ; current tail ; varactor ; LC tank ; on-wafer ; vibration energy harvester ; power management circuit ; CMOS rectifier ; dynamic threshold cancellation technique ; high power conversion efficiency ; CMOS circuit ; analog system ; signal processing ; learning algorithm ; artificial neural network ; freeware ; open science ; analog microelectronics design ; long channel transistors ; short channel transistors ; integrated circuit design ; CMOS design ; VLSI ; higher education ; educational innovation ; integrated circuit layout ; complex thinking ; CMOS detector ; concurrent-mode ; differential detector IC ; imaging SNR ; integrated folded-dipole antenna ; sub-terahertz imaging ; voltage responsivity ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Recent advances in information technology have brought forth a paradigm shift in science, especially in the biology and medical fields. Statistical methodologies based on high-performance computing and big data analysis are now indispensable for the qualitative and quantitative understanding of experimental results. In fact, the last few decades have witnessed drastic improvements in high-throughput experiments in health science, for example, mass spectrometry, DNA microarray, next generation sequencing, etc. Those methods have been providing massive data involving four major branches of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics). Information about amino acid sequences, protein structures, and molecular structures are fundamental data for the prediction of bioactivity of chemical compounds when screening drugs. On the other hand, cell imaging, clinical imaging, and personal healthcare devices are also providing important data concerning the human body and disease. In parallel, various methods of mathematical modelling such as machine learning have developed rapidly. All of these types of data can be utilized in computational approaches to understand disease mechanisms, diagnosis, prognosis, drug discovery, drug repositioning, disease biomarkers, driver mutations, copy number variations, disease pathways, and much more. In this Special Issue, we have published 8 excellent papers dedicated to a variety of computational problems in the biomedical field from the genomic level to the whole-person physiological level.
    Keywords: water temperature ; bathing ; ECG ; heart rate variability ; quantitative analysis ; t-test ; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; data mining ; automated curation ; molecular mechanisms ; atrial fibrillation ; sudden cardiac death ; heart failure ; left ventricular outflow tract obstruction ; cardiac fibrosis ; myocardial ischemia ; compound–protein interaction ; Jamu ; machine learning ; drug discovery ; herbal medicine ; data augmentation ; deep learning ; ECG quality assessment ; drug–target interactions ; protein–protein interactions ; chronic diseases ; drug repurposing ; maximum flow ; adenosine methylation ; m6A ; RNA modification ; neuronal development ; genetic variation ; copy number variants ; disease-related traits ; sequential order ; association test ; blood pressure ; cuffless measurement ; longitudinal experiment ; plethysmograph ; nonlinear regression ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in a variety of biomedical and pharmacological applications. Particularly, collagen-based biomaterials have been extensively applied in various biomedical fields, such as scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, there are many challenges associated with the use of mammalian collagen, including the issues of religious constrains, allergic or autoimmune reactions, and the spread of animal diseases. Over the past few decades, marine collagen (MC) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical and pharmacological applications. Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active compounds, and to date, many biological components have been isolated from various marine resources. MC offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its water solubility, low immunogenicity, safety, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, functionality, and low production costs. Due to its characteristics and physicobiochemical properties, it has tremendous potential for use as a scaffold biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in drug delivery systems, and as a therapeutic. In this Special Issue, we encourage submissions related to the recent developments, advancements, trends, challenges, and future perspectives in this new research field. We expect to receive contributions from different areas of multidisciplinary research, including—but not restricted to—extraction, purification, characterization, fabrication, and experimentation of MC, with a particular focus on their biotechnological, biomedical and pharmacological uses.
    Keywords: porifera ; demosponges ; biomaterial ; collagen ; spongin ; wound healing ; lizardfish scale ; marine collagen ; thermal stability ; cell viability ; biomechanical properties ; collagen membrane ; AFM ; SEM ; tensile test ; giant squid ; Dosidicus Gigas ; jumbo squid ; outer tunic ; tissue engineering ; peptidase ; the MEROPS S8 family ; bovine bone collagen ; oligopeptides ; hydrolysate ; cisplatin ; fish collagen peptides ; thymic epithelial cells ; reactive oxygen species ; apoptosis ; MAPK (p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK) pathway ; carbonated hydroxyapatite ; fishery by-product ; 3D scaffold ; bone regeneration ; blacktip skin collagens ; amino acid profile ; protein pattern ; microstructure ; Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes ; electrospinning ; mechanical properties ; stromal vascular fraction ; vascularization ; blue shark skin collagen ; 3D constructs ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Recent trends in vehicle engineering are testament to the great efforts that scientists and industries have made to seek solutions to enhance both the performance and safety of vehicular systems. This Special Issue aims to contribute to the study of modern vehicle dynamics, attracting recent experimental and in-simulation advances that are the basis for current technological growth and future mobility. The area involves research, studies, and projects derived from vehicle dynamics that aim to enhance vehicle performance in terms of handling, comfort, and adherence, and to examine safety optimization in the emerging contexts of smart, connected, and autonomous driving.This Special Issue focuses on new findings in the following topics:(1) Experimental and modelling activities that aim to investigate interaction phenomena from the macroscale, analyzing vehicle data, to the microscale, accounting for local contact mechanics; (2) Control strategies focused on vehicle performance enhancement, in terms of handling/grip, comfort and safety for passengers, motorsports, and future mobility scenarios; (3) Innovative technologies to improve the safety and performance of the vehicle and its subsystems; (4) Identification of vehicle and tire/wheel model parameters and status with innovative methodologies and algorithms; (5) Implementation of real-time software, logics, and models in onboard architectures and driving simulators; (6) Studies and analyses oriented toward the correlation among the factors affecting vehicle performance and safety; (7) Application use cases in road and off-road vehicles, e-bikes, motorcycles, buses, trucks, etc.
    Keywords: tire model parameters identification ; artificial neural networks ; curve fitting ; Pacejka’s magic formula ; intelligent vehicles ; autonomous vehicles ; microscopic traffic simulation ; autonomous driving ; friction estimate ; tire-based control ; ADAS ; potential friction ; energy consumption and recovery ; transmission layouts ; fuel-cell electric vehicles ; adhesion enhancement ; dimple model ; patterned surfaces ; viscoelasticity ; enhancement ; articulated vehicles ; stability analysis ; nonlinear dynamic model ; snake instability ; eigenvalue analysis ; central control ; non-linear model-based predictive control ; pitch behavior ; predictive control ; roll behavior ; self-steering behavior ; vehicle dynamics ; viscoelastic modulus ; rubber ; friction ; empirical modeling ; autonomous emergency steering ; multi-input multi-output model predictive control ; actuator dynamics ; control allocation ; handling enhancement ; road friction ; wear ; tyre ; suspension ; semi-active ; handling ; comfort ; optimisation ; directional stability ; road profile ; road unevenness ; vehicle-road interaction ; vertical vehicle excitation ; tire models ; tire tread ; motorcycle ; rider ; screw axis ; weave ; wobble ; multibody ; gravel pavement ; roughness ; straightedge ; power spectral density ; international roughness index ; vehicle response ; driving comfort ; sky-hook ; in-wheel motor ; semi-active suspension ; quarter-car model ; suspension performance ; suspension test bench ; vehicle stability ; road models ; quarter car models ; limit cycles ; acceleration speed portraits ; speed oscillations ; velocity bifurcations ; noisy limit cycles ; limit flows of trajectories ; Sommerfeld effects ; differential-algebraic systems ; polar coordinates of roads ; covariance equations ; stability in mean ; supercritical speeds ; analytical travel speed amplitudes ; Floquet theory applied to limit cycles ; non-pneumatic tire ; finite element analysis ; steady state analysis ; tire characterization ; footprint ; contact patch ; longitudinal interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In this Special Issue, you will find new directions in the research on liquid crystal applications. To be honest, we were surprised to find 10 papers covering a variety of application areas, with no overlap between them. The only important application without a related article was “display”! This was exactly the situation we hoped for. In this Special Issue, you can find 10 articles discussing the applications of LC devices or LC materials. The applications are liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for optical communication, laser processing and wireless optical charging, wavelength selective filters, waveguides, smart windows, LCDs for terahertz waves, LC polymers for polarizing grating and LC material for an ink.We believe that this Special Issue will help researchers focusng on optical devices or LC materials to obtain inspiration for new devices using liquid crystals.
    Keywords: liquid crystals ; spatial light modulator ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; photostability ; thermochromic liquid crystal inks ; temperature ; colour play effect ; communication mechanism ; optical wireless power transfer ; beam shaping ; phase modulation ; liquid crystal ; variable wavelength filter ; blue phase ; stabilized polymer ; ultraviolet light ; laser processing ; metasurface ; terahertz telecommunication ; incident angle dependence ; transmittance ; HAN-LCD ; hybrid aligned nematic ; high pretilt LCD ; half-wave plate ; smart window ; sunglasses ; vehicle window ; twisted nematic ; supertwisted nematic ; low driving voltage ; polymer stabilization ; liquid crystalline polymer ; axis-selective photoreaction ; holography ; beam diffraction ; nematic liquid crystals ; electro-optical beam steering ; optical waveguides and microstructures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint presents the Special Issue on “Memristive Devices and Systems: Modeling, Properties, and Applications”. The Special Issue provides a comprehensive overview of key computational primitives enabled by these memory devices, as well as their applications, spanning edge computing, signal processing, optimization, machine learning, deep learning, stochastic computing, and so on. The memristor is considered to be a promising candidate for next-generation computing systems due to its nonvolatility, high density, low power, nanoscale geometry, nonlinearity, binary/multiple memory capacity, and negative differential resistance. Novel computing architectures/systems based on memristors have shown great potential to replace the traditional von Neumann computing architecture, which faces data movement challenges. With the development of material science, novel preparation and modeling methods for different memristive devices have been put forward recently, which opens up a new path for realizing different computing systems/architectures with practical memristor properties.
    Keywords: memristor ; history erase effect ; dynamic route ; power-off plot ; RRAM ; 1T-1R ; multilevel ; compact modeling ; Verilog-A ; artificial neural network ; chaos ; fractional-order calculus ; memristor model ; coexisting attractors ; Adomian decomposition method ; VO2 carbon nanotube composite memristor ; cellular neural network (CNN) ; von Neumann structure ; local activity ; edge of chaos ; emulator ; gyrator ; memcapacitor ; meminductor ; memristors ; memristive systems ; integrated storage and computation ; image processing ; the edge of chaos ; Hopfield neural network ; synaptic crosstalk ; coexisting dynamics ; optoelectronic memristor ; composite circuit ; multi-valued logic ; rotation mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.
    Keywords: fractional order IMC ; first order plus dead-time processes ; event-based implementation ; numerical simulations ; comparative closed loop results ; nonlinear wave phenomen ; RBF ; local RBF-FD ; stability ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; quaternion-based estimator ; low-cost design ; automatic optical inspection ; kinetic theory ; parallel robots ; robust control ; sliding mode control ; basinI ; basinII ; mean pressure head ; pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence ; standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations ; statistical modeling ; USBR ; desalination ; humidification-dehumidification ; waste heat recovery ; mathematical model ; yearly analysis ; thermo-economics ; multi-objective optimization ; cruise altitude ; fuel consumption ; time to climb ; Hermite-Simpson method ; trajectory optimization ; terminal residual analysis (TRA) ; m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) ; power transformer ; stray losses ; analytical methods ; finite element method ; gridshell structures ; shape ratio ; length ratio ; regularity ; particle swarm optimization ; genetic algorithm ; hybrid nanofluid ; dual solutions ; mixed convection ; stagnation point ; radiation ; stability analysis ; machine learning ; eXterme Gradient Boosting ; Computation Fluid Dynamics ; blade vibration ; unsteady aerodynamic model ; active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) ; multiobjective optimization ; time delay systems ; tuning rules ; soft robotics ; fractional calculus ; CACSD toolbox ; operating point linearization ; automatic uncertainty bound computation ; Model-in-the-Loop simulation ; hybrid simulation ; ℋ∞ control ; μ synthesis ; DC-to-DC power converters ; buck ; boost ; SEPIC ; rainfall-runoff model ; curve number ; inferential statistics ; 3D runoff difference model ; model calibration ; PAT model ; modified affinity laws ; hydraulic simulation tool ; μ-synthesis ; fractional-order control ; swarm optimization ; artificial bee colony optimization ; CNC machine ; mixed sensitivity ; D–K iteration ; Linear Matrix Inequality ; biotechnology ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; modeling ; control system design and synthesis ; linear control ; adaptive control ; model reference adaptive control ; control system realization ; mixed-sensitivity ; FO-PID ; twin rotor aerodynamic system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This is a reprint of the articles from the Special Issue entitled "10th Anniversary of Actuators", published in the open-access journal, Actuators. It consists of 18 representative works with four main topics: systematic reviews for specific types of actuators, performance evaluation, design and controls, and new actuators' applications. This reprint helps readers to understand the challenges and the trends of research and development in advancing the theories, methodologies, and design tools of actuators.
    Keywords: high-speed third-order sliding mode observer ; nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control ; controller–observer strategy ; faster convergence ; fault-tolerant control ; fluid power ; hydraulics ; electrohydrostatic actuator ; EHA ; 3D printing ; additive manufacturing ; plastic ; step response ; efficiency ; heat generation ; electric machines ; torque ripple ; resonant control ; modulation and demodulation control ; mixed sensitivity loop shaping ; iterative learning control ; fuzzy control ; balance control ; movement control ; wheeled bipedal robot ; automated self-driving tractor ; agriculture ; robot ; multibody ; control systems ; continuum robot ; image servo tracking ; image jacobian ; autonomous manipulation ; CFRP ; filament winding ; weight reduction ; hydraulic drive ; composite ; actuators ; PAT ; start-up process ; gas–liquid two-phase ; radial force ; axial force ; railway ; virtual coupling ; optimal control ; model predictive control ; robust MPC ; cam-linkage mechanism ; parameter optimization ; reliability analysis ; kinematics ; transverse device ; plasma actuators ; dielectric barrier discharge ; deicing ; ice sensing ; flow control ; interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) ; maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) ; maximum torque per current (MTPC) ; dead beat control ; predictive control ; hardware-in-the-loop ; Acceleration Driven Damper ; response time ; dynamic range ; semi-active ; magnetorheological ; damper ; railway vehicle ; lateral vibration ; model-free control ; intelligent PID controllers ; iterative feedback tuning ; data-driven tuning ; pitch angle control ; aerodynamic system control ; gelatin ; actuator ; soft robotics ; biocompatible actuator ; hydrogels ; bellow pneumatic muscle ; soft actuator ; position control ; LQR control ; PID control ; feature extraction ; fault diagnosis ; convolution neural network ; deep neural networks ; inverter fault ; fault classification ; components ; condition monitoring ; flow rate sensor ; predictive maintenance ; soft sensor ; solenoid ; valve ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint is comprised of eleven articles that are screened by our hard-working peer reviewers. It mainly focuses on the recent advances in electric motors and drives, to adapt to the ongoing trends of electrification in both transportation and industry. New structural motors, such as the axial flux machine and the multi-phase machine, are introduced because of their enhanced reliability for use in next-generation electrified transportation. Special attention is also given to the micro PM motor, which has a broad use in many areas. In addition, advanced control techniques, such as position sensorless control and fault-tolerant control, are also incorporated to fulfill the demand for safe crucial applications, and the modeling of the bearing voltage and a line-start permanent magnet motor can be of particular interest to the industrial sectors. Through this reprint, we hope to provide a new perspective for the readers to manage their encountered problems, as well as stimulate innovative ideas for the electrified transportation of the next generation.
    Keywords: permanent magnet machines ; axial flux machine ; hybrid excitation ; variable speed machines ; field-oriented control ; five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor ; fault-tolerant control ; open-circuited fault ; pentagon and pentacle connections ; axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor ; SPMSM ; slot-less ; block-coil ; collaborative robot (cobot) ; robot joint ; 3D-print ; Somaloy Core ; torque density ; output power density ; PMTM ; back-winding structure ; limit analytical method ; FEM ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; Hall-effect sensors ; speed and position estimation ; dual observer ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; sensorless control ; sliding mode observer (SMO) ; approaching velocity ; low carrier ratio ; inductosyn ; capacitive potential ; error separation ; suppression strategy ; mechanical antenna ; PM machine ; vector control ; triple rotating reference frame ; imbalance current ; bearing voltages ; PMSM ; parasitic capacitances ; FEM 3D ; shielding winding ; line-start permanent magnet motor ; voltage harmonics ; FEMM ; temperature model ; computational simulations ; model-based design ; simulation ; mechatronics ; dynamic systems ; modeling ; control theory ; brushless motors ; electric drives ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue will include papers related to the planning, protection, and control of smart grids and microgrids, and their applications in the industry, transportation, water, waste, and urban and residential infrastructures. Authors are encouraged to present their latest research; reviews on topics including methods, approaches, systems, and technology; and interfaces to other domains such as big data, cybersecurity, human–machine, sustainability, and smart cities. The planning side of microgrids might include technology selection, scheduling, interconnected microgrids, and their integration with regional energy infrastructures. The protection side of microgrids might include topics related to protection strategies, risk management, protection technologies, abnormal scenario assessments, equipment and system protection layers, fault diagnosis, validation and verification, and intelligent safety systems. The control side of smart grids and microgrids might include control strategies, intelligent control algorithms and systems, control architectures, technologies, embedded systems, monitoring, and deployment and implementation.
    Keywords: hybrid power plant ; off-grid electricity systems ; model-based design ; state-space model ; voltage stability ; frequency stability ; small-signal analysis ; control tuning ; controller validation ; critical clearing times ; diesel generators ; grid-feeding photovoltaics ; grid-forming battery storage systems ; stand-alone hybrid microgrids ; system stability degree ; the micro-hybrid method ; transient stability assessment ; power flow control ; power fluctuations ; renewable energy sources ; demand uncertainty ; augmenting path ; renewable energy ; microgrids ; simulation ; optimization ; battery energy storage system ; economic dispatch problem ; nonlinear programming formulation ; optimal reallocation of batteries ; mathematical optimization ; battery swap station ; charging station ; demand management ; demand response ; electric vehicle ; electricity markets ; power quality ; Vehicle-to-Grid ; smart grid ; power system ; distributed generation ; micro-grid ; load flow ; measurement uncertainties ; Isolated/Islanded Microgrids ; planning ; operation ; Demand-Side Management ; Microgrid ; DER ; MILP ; run-time ; full time-series optimization ; data reduction ; DER-CAM ; XENDEE ; DC microgrid ; power conditioner system ; scalable microgrid ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 161
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint focuses on experiments, modellings, and simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow. Flowing media comprise single- or two-phase fluids that can be both compressible and incompressible. The reprint presents unique experiments and solutions to problems of scientific and industrial relevance in the transportation of natural resources, technical devices, industrial processes, etc. In the presented works, the formulated physical and mathematical models together with their boundary and initial conditions and numerical computation methods for constitutive equations lead to solutions for selected examples in engineering.
    Keywords: hydraulic transients ; water hammer ; viscoelasticity ; cross-section change ; fluidic oscillator ; bending angle ; frequency ; pressure drop ; peak velocity ratio ; aerodynamic analyses ; unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations ; natural convection ; van der Waals gas ; analytical solution ; heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry ; damping of turbulence ; Nusselt number for slurry ; heat pipe heat exchanger ; wickless heat pipe ; heat transfer ; individually finned tubes ; heat transfer analysis ; non-contacting mechanical face seal ; variable order derivative integral transform ; ribbed channel ; large eddy simulation ; immersed boundary method ; conjugate heat transfer ; thermal conductivity ratio ; retarded strain ; cavitation ; unsteady friction ; method of characteristics ; vortex generator ; arrangement ; numerical simulation ; plate-fin and tube heat exchanger ; air-side Nusselt number ; different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row ; mathematical simulation ; CFD simulation ; labyrinth seal ; leakage ; design method ; kinetic energy ; inverse problem ; steam turbines ; gas turbines ; fluid-flow machines ; electric vehicle ; battery thermal management system ; optimization ; lattice Boltzmann method ; hydrostatic transmission ; hydrostatic transmission start up ; hydraulic drive ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.
    Keywords: symmetry ; asymmetry ; measure of skewness ; decile ; Monte Carlo algorithm ; Gibbs–Appell ; energy of accelerations ; finite element ; nonlinear system ; elastic elements ; analytical dynamics ; robotics ; Hilbert’s inequality ; Fubini theorem ; Fenchel-Legendre transform ; time scale ; fractional derivative ; skin tissues ; thermal damages ; Laplace transforms ; Kane’s equations ; planar mechanism ; Lagrange’s equations ; dynamics ; finite element method (FEM) ; multibody system (MBS) ; wind water pump ; strands wire rope ; experimental transitory vibrating regime ; stiffness ; damping ; joint time-frequency analysis ; Prony method ; matrix pencil method ; multibody ; propulsion drive ; linear motion ; eccentric trajectory ; reusable launch vehicles ; soft landing ; magnetorheological fluid ; numerical simulation ; multibody systems with flexible elements ; elastic bonds ; vibrations ; initial matrix ; stiffness matrix ; stability ; laser ; nuclear installation ; insulation ; Extreme Light Infrastructure ; gamma ray ; flexible coupling ; bolt ; non-metallic element ; finite element method ; elastic characteristic ; Light Sport Aircraft ; conceptual aircraft design ; wing ; flap ; aileron ; weight estimation ; symmetric profile ; sustainability ; mosquito borne diseases ; Aedes Aegypti ; Wolbachia invasion ; impulsive control ; time scales ; Noether theory ; conserved quantity ; elastic coupling ; non-metallic elements ; dynamic rigidity ; non-collinearly shafts ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The protection of human health and the environment (representing the main reason for waste management), as well as the sustainable use of natural resources, requires chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes. This refers to the conditioning (e.g., drying, washing, comminution, rotting, stabilization, neutralization, agglomeration, homogenization), conversion (e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, dissolution, evaporation), and separation (classification, direct and indirect (i.e., sensor-based) sorting) of all types of wastes to follow the principles of the waste hierarchy (i.e., prevention (not addressed by this issue), preparation for re-use, recycling, other recovery, and disposal). Longstanding challenges include the increase of yield and purity of recyclable fractions and the sustainable removal or destruction of contaminants from the circular economy.This Special Issue on “Advanced Technology of Waste Treatment” of Processes collects high-quality research studies addressing challenges on the broad area of chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes.
    Keywords: selective Cu(II) separation ; sustainable waste treatment ; municipal solid waste ; polymer-assisted ultrafiltration ; real fly ash extracts ; urban mining ; pilot installation ; MSWI fly ash ; properties of fly ash ; acid leaching ; heavy metal recovery ; marine litter ; waste treatment ; plastic waste ; pyrolysis ; gasification ; incineration ; thermogravimetric analysis ; biotechnological upcycling ; plastics recycling ; feedstock recycling ; plastic pyrolysis ; lumped modeling ; kinetic modeling ; ReOil ; risk modelling ; portable batteries ; lithium batteries ; fire hazards ; waste management ; lithium-ion-batteries ; pyrometallurgical recycling ; carbothermal reduction ; wood ash treatment ; chromate reduction ; hot alkaline extraction ; recycling ; refractory ; regenerate ; electrodynamic fragmentation ; innovative process ; process optimization ; enhanced landfill mining ; NEW-MINE ; particle size distribution ; compositional data analysis ; simplex ; isometric log-ratios ; multivariate multiple linear regression ; mechanical processing ; commercial waste ; shredder ; chemical recycling ; wet-mechanical processing ; polyolefins ; circular economy ; WEEE ; recovery of aromatics ; oil upgrading ; dehalogenation ; hydrothermal carbonization ; sewage sludge ; phosphorus recovery ; hydrochar ; process-water ; pH ; mixed waste ; municipal waste ; recovery ; contaminants ; plastics ; digitalisation ; smart waste factory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This reprint presents a collection of original research and survey articles that tackle the practical challenges in large-scale and rapid deployment of sensors for diverse applications as well as the resulting Big Data processing. The complexity of the generated data ranges from large-scale sensor networks to smartphone-enabled citizen sensing data from social networks and personal health devices, which requires advanced data processing, mining and fusion methods. Solutions listed in this book include those that address issues of the interoperability of IoT solutions and data fragmentation through crawling, indexing and searching IoT data sources and the predictive maintenance of sensors. Social networks are also in scope, through a visualisation system for the analysis of anomalies in social graphs, detecting context-aware sociability patterns and assessing the effectiveness of fine tuning and pretrained word embedding in generating interpretable topics from short texts in social networks. Applications in scope include smart tourism, fall detection through personal health sensors and an energy management expert assistant.
    Keywords: anomaly detection ; visualization ; social communication ; egocentric network ; internet of things ; mental health ; pervasive computing ; context awareness ; sociability ; social behavior ; sociability pattern ; fall detection ; wearable sensors ; sampling rate ; data preprocessing ; feature extraction ; Machine Learning ; Internet of Things ; search ; security ; privacy ; reliability ; IoT search framework ; IoT data sources ; home energy management systems (HEMS) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; Voice Assistant ; machine learning (ML) ; big data ; fault detection ; sensor data ; industry 4.0 ; data reduction ; feature analysis ; feature selection ; indicators ; artificial neural network ; location privacy ; perturbation mechanism ; proximity detection ; digital contact tracing ; multi-floor areas ; short-text data ; neural-topic model ; pretrained word embedding ; coherent topic ; fine-tuning ; smart tourism ; social sensing ; sensors ; e-tourism ; distributed-architecture ; Spark ; Zenoh ; FaaS ; Elasticsearch ; industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) ; computer networks ; network security ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; systematic literature review (SLR) ; state-of-the-art ; aggregation ; authentication ; key management ; smart home ; smart meter ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Integration of photovoltaics and electrification in agriculture. Works on the integration of photovoltaics in agriculture, as well as electrification and microgrids in agriculture. In addition, some works on sustainability in agriculture are added.
    Keywords: transpiration ; PV heat conversion ; plant heat stress ; agrivoltaic system ; sustainable integration ; thermal analysis ; sustainable agriculture ; nexus approach ; rural development ; solar micro-grid ; techno-economic impact ; agrivoltaics ; solar energy ; agriculture ; energy innovation ; technology adoption ; photovoltaics ; extraterrestrial solar irradiation ; global, beam and diffuse solar components ; ground-reflected solar radiation ; horizontal, tilted and oriented solar irradiation ; solar photovoltaics ; agricultural robots ; Agri 4.0 ; battery-based farm machinery ; mobile irrigation system ; smart water sprinklers ; smart pesticide sprayers ; multi-purpose farming robots ; agrophotovoltaic ; agrivoltaic ; dual-land use ; solar sharing ; solar photovoltaic energy ; water–food–energy nexus ; fuses coordination ; protection device ; distributed generation ; distribution network ; photovoltaic ; DIgSILENT ; Agri-PV ; shading ; crop performance ; yields ; product quality ; organic agriculture ; biodynamic agriculture ; land productivity ; localization ; link budget ; spreading factor ; range ; LoRa ; node sensitivity ; SNR ; sustainable greenhouse ; semi-transparent photovoltaic panels ; amorphous silicon ; building-integrated photovoltaics ; microgrid ; organic photovoltaics ; greenhouses ; tomato ; arid region ; food-energy nexus ; solar-powered irrigation ; benefit-cost ratio ; land equivalent ratio ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The topic “Marine Renewable Energy” brings together four MDPI journals, Energies, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Inventions, and Processes, with 51 papers published. The present reprint includes a selection of 26 significant scientific works structured into three main subjects: S1 - wind turbines, including both fix and floating structures (7); S2 - developments in ocean energy and emerging floating photovoltaic systems (10); and S3 - economic assessments related to offshore renewable energy extraction (9). The present reprint seeks to contribute to the renewable energy agenda through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary works, aiming to improve knowledge and performance in harvesting offshore renewable energy.
    Keywords: offshore renewable energy ; marine environment ; climate change ; wind turbines ; floating structures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 168
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Future Trends in Advanced Materials and Processes” contains original high-quality research papers and comprehensive reviews addressing the relevant state-of-the-art topics in the area of materials focusing on relevant or innovative applications such as radiological hazard evaluations of non-metallic materials, composite materials' characterization, geopolymers, metallic biomaterials, etc.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; radiological hazard ; composite materials ; geopolymers ; metallic biomaterials ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: One of the most important aspects of the engineering assessment of the technical condition of structures and materials is the ability to assess the fatigue behavior of materials and structures. In addition, another important topic is the design of materials or structures that can resist fatigue and fracture. Modern science provides us with an increasing number of new materials, from superalloys of metals manufactured conventionally as well as via additive manufacturing to functionally advanced composites. Against this background, fundamental knowledge of the fatigue behavior and fracture mechanics of different material groups provides a convenient platform for communication between different interested groups and fields: from material science, numerical engineering and mathematical modeling to hybrid methods for fatigue life prediction. This Special Issue facilitates such an exchange of ideas on recent developments in the field of fatigue and fracture and is especially focused on fatigue crack growth analysis, the description of fatigue damage in metals and composites, probabilistic approaches and fracture mechanics analysis, as well as fatigue failure analysis and lifetime prediction.
    Keywords: functionally gradient material ; composite ; thin inhomogeneity ; fracture mechanics ; nonperfect contact ; stress intensity factor ; cyclic shear ; strain amplitude ; cyclic response ; martensitic transformation ; imperfect interface ; adhesive ; micro-cracking ; analytical modelling ; identification ; hardness ; polyurethane ; fatigue ; numerical analysis ; G20Mn5 cast steel ; columnar and equiaxed dendrites ; micro-shrinkages ; low-cycle fatigue ; CT-scan ; damage evolution ; inclined surface crack ; pipe ; crack closure ; external and axial pressure ; finite element analysis ; failure analysis ; FEA ; macroscopic research ; semi-trailers ; aluminum alloy ; crystal plasticity ; finite element method ; crack initiation ; fatigue of materials ; S–N curves ; 1.2709 steel ; 3D-printed materials ; SLM 3D printing ; local ratcheting ; A-V kinematic hardening model ; backstress evolution ; neuber ; Hoffman-Seeger ; Glinka rule ; Chaboche’s model ; aluminium alloys ; rolling direction ; high-cycle fatigue ; fracture analysis ; FEM analysis ; phase field model ; decagonal quasicrystal ; crack propagation ; brittle fracture ; mixed mode crack ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.
    Keywords: PHBH ; almond shell flour ; mechanical properties ; thermal characterization ; WPCs ; bacterial polyesters ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)—PHBH ; poly(ε-caprolactone)—PCL ; binary blends ; improved toughness ; mechanical and thermal characterization ; Cucumis metuliferus ; extraction ; antioxidant activity ; coating ; cellulose acetate ; LDPE ; bilayer packaging ; active packaging ; poly(lactic acid) ; mechanical recycling ; yerba mate ; bionanocomposites ; polysulfide-derived polymers ; cottonseed oil ; fatty acid of cottonseed oil ; sodium soap of cottonseed oil ; PLA ; nanocomposites ; functional properties ; thymol ; migration ; films ; cutin ; cuticles ; bioplastics ; biopolymers ; solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR ; softgels ; mucilage ; in vitro digestion ; bioaccessibility ; bran content ; plasticized wheat flour ; citric acid ; biobased blends ; biopolymer ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; solid polymer electrolyte ; ionic transport ; chitosan ; potato starch ; microwave ; foam ; orthogonal experiments ; empty fruit bunch ; regenerated cellulose ; ionic liquid ; methyl methacrylate ; 3D printing ; syringe extrusion 3D printing ; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ; orodispersible film ; phenytoin ; PA610 ; halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) ; flame retardant ; cone calorimeter ; agricultural waste ; asparagus ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; DS ; cellulose extraction ; thermoplastic starch ; dolomite ; biocomposite ; sonication ; bacterial cellulose ; nata de coco ; sodium hydroxide ; lignin ; nanoparticles ; biorefinery ; organosolv pretreatment ; polyelectrolyte multi-layers ; sodium alginate ; k-carrageenan ; cellulosic nonwoven textile ; surface functionalization ; characterization ; bio-sorption ; isotherms ; natural fibers ; soy protein ; chitin ; coir ; comfort ; functional textiles ; Circular Bioeconomy ; carbonation reaction ; selectivity optimization ; carbonated epoxidized linseed oil ; non-isocyanate polyurethane ; argan shell particles ; wood plastic composite ; polyethylene ; compatibilization ; air permeability ; fungal fibers ; hemp fibers ; microstructure ; mycocel ; softwood fibers ; virus membrane filtration ; allotropic transition ; choline chloride ; plasticizer ; starch dissolution ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 171
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The reprint provides a comprehensive exploration of cutting-edge developments in aluminum alloy casting and forming processes. Comprising a collection of articles, it delves into the diverse processing techniques, metallurgical complexities, and mechanical characteristics of these extraordinary materials. Each contribution serves as a catalyst for progress in advanced aluminum alloy applications, meticulously addressing challenges and offering innovative solutions.
    Keywords: aluminum ; extrusion ; liquid nitrogen cooling ; surface quality ; aesthetic ; aluminum alloy ; solidification ; X-ray tomography ; porosity defects ; magnetic field treatment ; 5A70 aluminum alloy ; superplastic tensile ; cavity growth ; fracture ; fine-grained structure ; superplastic tension ; grain boundary sliding ; precipitated phase ; strain hardening ; aluminium alloy ; grain refinement ; ultrasonic processing ; nucleation ; dissolution ; A356 alloy ; cooling slope ; ECAP ; hardness ; pitting corrosion ; vibration treatment ; optimal conditions ; solidifying melt ; Stefan problem ; ultrasonic melt refinement ; sand casting: acoustic radiator ; α-Al grain size ; creep age forming ; high cycle fatigue ; microstructure ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; high-speed twin-roll casting ; roll separating force ; Al-Si alloy ; Al-Mg alloy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Universities and corporate partnerships play a crucial role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), presenting significant market opportunities across various research domains. On the occasion of the World Day for Safety and Health at Work in 2021, the International Labor Organization (ILO) urged nations to establish resilient occupational safety and health (OSH) systems to address future health crises effectively. This necessitates investments in OSH infrastructure and its seamless integration into comprehensive national emergency preparedness and response plans to safeguard workers' well-being and support business continuity. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) emphasizes that work environments are continually evolving. Particularly during economic challenges, it is essential to recognize that inadequate occupational safety and health measures can incur financial costs. Numerous case studies also demonstrate a direct link between effective OSH management within organizations and improved overall performance and profitability. This reprint compiles contributions from authors worldwide, covering a wide range of topics related to Advances in Occupational Health and Safety Management and Risk Management, with a focus on their application in specific domains.
    Keywords: mental health ; job performance ; innovative behavior ; work engagement ; emerging economy ; n/a ; burnout ; occupational health ; public sector ; quality of work life ; well-being ; safety performance ; safety climate ; safety consciousness ; responsible leadership ; industrial safety ; incidental nanoparticles ; control banding ; risk management ; occupational exposure ; metal additive manufacturing ; green jobs ; green labor market ; green economy ; sustainable development ; case management ; return to work ; disabled workers ; work ability index ; quality of life ; microplastics ; water pollution ; water anti-pollution policies ; circular economy ; knowledge ; attitude ; healthcare-associated infection ; medical imaging professionals ; risk assessment ; chronic disease ; comorbidity ; multimorbidity ; sickness absenteeism ; comorbidity index ; civil servant ; nanomaterials ; occupational health and safety ; standardization ; textiles ; COPSOQ II ; education ; psychological risks ; Society 5.0 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 173
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This reprint is a collection of papers from the E-Textiles 2021 Conference and represents the state-of-the-art from both academia and industry in the development of smart fabrics that incorporate electronic and sensing functionality. The reprint presents a wide range of applications of the technology including wearable textile devices for healthcare applications such as respiratory monitoring and functional electrical stimulation. Manufacturing approaches include printed smart materials, knitted e-textiles and flexible electronic circuit assembly within fabrics and garments. E-textile sustainability, a key future requirement for the technology, is also considered. Supplying power is a constant challenge for all wireless wearable technologies and the collection includes papers on triboelectric energy harvesting and textile-based water-activated batteries. Finally, the application of textiles antennas in both sensing and 5G wireless communications is demonstrated, where different antenna designs and their response to stimuli are presented.
    Keywords: e-textiles ; haptic feedback glove ; screen-printing ; TENS ; virtual reality ; wearable ; electronic textiles ; smart textiles ; electronic yarns ; E-textiles ; E-yarn ; finite elementanalysis ; electronically functional yarn ; wearable electronics ; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) ; textile electrode ; smart wearables ; conductive textile ; kneecap ; stretchable sensor ; embroidery ; triboelectric yarns ; activity monitoring ; flexible ; mechanical deformation ; graphene ; supercapacitor ; pressure sensor ; motion tracking ; inductive sensing ; knitting ; high-Q oscillator ; inductive sensor ; breathing monitoring ; ferroelectret ; tactile sensor ; gesture recognition ; wearable sensor ; antenna sensor ; RF breathing sensor ; wireless sensors ; textile sensors ; vital sign monitoring ; kinematic ; validity ; knee ; textiles ; sensor ; three-dimensional ; chipless moisture sensor ; resonant frequency ; augmented reality application ; responsiveness ; embroidered images ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Pavement materials such as asphalt mixtures, granular aggregates, and soils exhibit complex material properties and engineering performance under external loading and environmental conditions. For instance, the asphalt mixture shows highly nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties at high temperatures, and it presents fatigue cracking damage and fracture properties at intermediate or low temperatures. Constitutive models based on mechanics theories have been the kernel of performance prediction of pavement infrastructures and materials. They lay down a solid foundation for material selection, design, pavement structural evaluation and maintenance decisions. Advances in mechanics modeling and associated experimental testing for pavement infrastructures and construction materials are emerging constantly, such as nonlinear viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture, and damage mechanics models. Meanwhile, various numerical modeling technologies are being developed and implemented to solve the multiscale and multiphysical equations. Examples include finite element, discrete element, and micromechanics or molecular dynamics simulations at different dimensions and scales. This reprint provides a unique platform, presenting novel studies and new discoveries in the areas of mechanics, numerical modeling and experimental testing of pavement infrastructures and materials.
    Keywords: large-size graded crushed stone ; cyclic rotating axial compression ; shakedown theory ; cumulative axial strain ; long-term stability ; critical load ; self-healing asphalt ; fatigue life ; induction heating ; calcium alginate capsules ; combined healing system ; CR/SBS modified asphalt ; desulfurized rubber ; rheology ; Burgers’ model ; multiple stress creep recovery ; soft soil ; stabilized soil ; rice husk ash ; Mechanistic-Empirical creep model ; matric suction ; asphalt pavement ; sand accumulation conditions ; skid resistance ; British Pendulum Number (BPN) ; texture index ; SBS ; polymer additive ; aging property ; rheological properties ; FTIR ; pavement materials ; asphalt mixture ; compressive creep ; damage evolution ; fractional rheology theory ; viscoelasticity ; airfield ; concrete pavement ; fatigue model ; slab thickness ; improvement method ; asphalt concrete ; Prony series ; Havriliak-Negami (HN) model ; 2S2P1D model ; continuous relaxation and retardation spectra ; basalt fiber ; crack resistance ; environmental scanning electron microscope ; embedded sensor ; Rollpave pavement ; three-point bending test ; dynamic response ; finite element analysis ; packaging optimization ; wet-process tuff silt powder ; RPC ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; tire-pavement friction ; pavement textures ; partial tire aquaplane conditions ; water film ; vertical contact force ; molecular dynamics ; wax warm mix asphalt ; contact angle test ; pull-off test ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; adhesion work ; bridge deck pavement ; interlayer bond strength ; adhesive material ; emulsified asphalt ; shear stress ; air-void characteristics ; fractal dimension ; crack initiation and propagation ; rutting damage ; Computed Tomography ; image process ; gradation analysis ; asphalt mastic ; lignin fiber ; carbon fiber ; burgers model ; 3D reconstruction ; digital image processing (DIP) ; computed tomography (CT) ; mesostructure ; asphalt binder ; warm-mix asphalt (WMA) ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; rheological behavior ; performance ; road engineering ; cold in-place recycling ; high temperature stability ; cracking resistance ; moisture susceptibility ; granular material ; discrete element method ; modeling theories ; hexagonal close-packed structure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 175
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book is a collection of the accepted papers presented at the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence with Biased or Scarce Data (AIBSD) in conjunction with the 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2022. During AIBSD 2022, the attendees addressed the existing issues of data bias and scarcity in Artificial Intelligence and discussed potential solutions in real-world scenarios. A set of papers presented at AIBSD 2022 is selected for further publication and included in this book.
    Keywords: out-of-distribution generalization ; forecasting ; temporal bias ; permutation equivariance ; optimization ; face-recognition models ; facial attributes ; social bias ; fairness ; natural language processing ; gender bias ; bias detection ; contextualized embeddings ; deep learning ; contrastive learning ; supervised contrastive learning ; transfer learning ; robustness ; noisy labels ; coresets ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 176
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The construction industry is growing rapidly and time has changed the construction methods used. The traditional way of construction is becoming obsolete and technology is taking over. In this case, sustainable construction is the future and the new norm in the construction industry. Although there are various opportunities in this sector, there are also some challenges that exist and hinder productivity. Hence, this reprint covers the opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction.
    Keywords: thin film ; organic solar cell ; efficiency ; DBR ; temperature ; life cycle ; impact assessment ; recycled material ; geopolymer concrete ; sustainability ; workforce diversity ; technical skills ; motivation ; psychosocial ; construction worker ; productivity ; BIM ; post-disaster reconstruction ; construction industry ; scientometric analysis ; visualization ; PRISMA ; review ; RWL ; time series ; RHR ; seasonality ; prediction ; ANN ; SARIMA ; wastewater ; oil palm leaves activated carbon ; chemical activation ; COD ; adsorption ; green technology ; marble dust ; air pollution ; health hazards ; environmental pollution ; econometric analysis ; construction sector ; sustainable construction ; circular economy ; forecasting ; causal loop diagram ; construction management ; resilient supply chain ; sustainable supply chain ; supply chain management ; systems thinking ; forecasting models ; energy consumption ; smart buildings ; machine learning ; LSTM technique ; GIS ; PCA ; groundwater quality ; health risk ; solid waste ; error management climate ; psychological capital ; job stress ; aeronautical industry ; structural equation modeling ; IR 4.0 ; health and safety ; AHP ; barriers ; small contractors ; SEM ; Malaysia ; economy ; eco-materials ; energy ; environmental impact ; lean construction ; pollution ; prefabricated construction ; mediation analysis ; trust ; satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 177
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Safety and sustainability are becoming ever bigger challenges for the mining industry with the increasing depth of mining. It is of great significance to reduce the disaster risk of mining accidents, enhance the safety of mining operations, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of development of mineral resource. This book provides a platform to present new research and recent advances in the safety and sustainability of mining. More specifically, Mining Safety and Sustainability presents recent theoretical and experimental studies with a focus on safety mining, green mining, intelligent mining and mines, sustainable development, risk management of mines, ecological restoration of mines, mining methods and technologies, and damage monitoring and prediction. It will be further helpful to provide theoretical support and technical support for guiding the normative, green, safe, and sustainable development of the mining industry.
    Keywords: top-coal caving mining ; process parameters ; decision model ; BP neural network ; similaritysimulation test ; time-dependent cohesion ; traction force ; deep-sea sediment ; tracked miner ; rheology ; cemented paste backfill ; curing conditions ; mechanical properties ; mathematical strength model ; AMD ; phytoremediation ; sulfate ; hydroponic experiment ; wetland plants ; ecological pollution ; tailings dam ; safety factor ; quantitative evaluation ; dynamic weight ; comprehensivediagnosis of health ; : rock formations ; surface subsidence law ; surface subsidence process ; 3D test device ; 3Dlaser scanning ; mine ventilation network ; wind speed sensors distribution ; air volume reconstruction ; independent cut set ; surface subsidence ; probability integration ; loess donga ; superimposed calculation ; additional displacement of slope mining slip ; : mining water hazard ; microseismic monitoring ; intelligent recognition ; feature extraction ; support vector machine ; classification model ; freeze–thaw cycles ; tailings ; mechanical behavior ; SEM ; MIP ; thick aeolian sand ; shallow buried thick seam ; overburden failure ; ground damage ; numerical simulation ; rock mechanics ; cyclic impact ; chemical corrosion ; axial compression ; strength degradation ; pipe transportation system test ; pressure loss ; random forest algorithm ; filling-aided design ; vibration signals ; neural network ; drilling state identification algorithm ; drilling depth ; monitoring-while-drilling method ;   ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 178
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: With the increasing requirements for energy, resources, and space, numerous rock engineering projects (e.g., mining, tunnelling, underground storage, and geothermal and petroleum engineering) are more often being constructed and operated in large-scale, deep underground, and complex geology environments. Meanwhile, more and more unconventional rock failures and rock instabilities (e.g., rockbursts, large-scale collapses, and mine earthquakes) are occurring and severely threatening the safety of underground operations. It is well-recognized that rocks have multiscale structures from minerals, particles, fractures, fissures, joints, and stratification to faults and involve multiscale fracture processes. In the deep earth, rocks are commonly subjected to complex high-stress and strong-dynamic disturbances simultaneously. In addition, there are many multiphysics coupling processes, such as the coupled thermo-hydromechanical interaction in fractured porous rocks. It is still difficult to understand rock mechanics and to characterize rock behaviors with complex stress conditions, multiphysics processes, and multiscale changes. The primary aim of this Special Issue is to bring together original research discussing innovative efforts on analytical, numerical, and big-data-based methods in rock mechanics. It includes 25 manuscripts that illustrate the richness and challenging nature of deep rock mechanics.
    Keywords: complex variable method ; conformal mapping ; triangle interpolation ; stress analytical solution ; DEM numerical simulation ; laterally loaded pile ; p–y curve ; soil-pile interface ; Drucker–Prager model ; mine slope ; stability classification of rock mass ; extremum entropy ; variable weight theory ; matter–element extension ; grade variable ; polymer ; diffusion model ; crack ; expansion ratio ; grouting amount ; rockburst classification ; data-driven approach ; random forest ; beetle antennae search algorithm ; high concrete face rockfill dam ; geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures ; generalized probability density evolution method ; seismic performance ; reliability analysis ; numerical methods ; deep rock mechanics ; rock damage judgment criteria ; SPH ; blind shaft cutting blasting ; coal ; deterioration characteristics ; chemical-stress coupling factor ; damage constitutive model ; rock burst ; t-SNE ; unsupervised learning ; supervised learning ; XGBoost ; true triaxial compression test ; acoustic emission ; b value ; rock drillability ; DPM parameters ; regression analysis ; RF ; GA-SVM ; UCS prediction model ; fractured rock mass ; uranium-containing solution ; multifield coupling ; reactive transport ; rough-walled fracture ; lithology ; concrete part ; mechanical and damage behaviors ; rockburst prediction ; deep forest ; bayesian optimization ; ensemble model ; zonal disintegration ; jointed rock mass ; stress redistribution ; strength reduction ; numerical simulation ; genetic algorithm ; BP neural network ; smooth wall blasting ; parameter optimization ; deep mining ; mining disturbance ; stress evolution ; brittle-ductile transition ; backfilled stopes ; fractured aquifer ; Bingham slurry ; grout diffusion model ; slurry diffusion distance ; grouting effect ; submarine slides ; submarine pipelines ; copula function ; reliability ; slide–pipeline interaction ; strain rate ; temperature effect ; mechanical properties ; energy dissipation features ; failure modes ; fault ; water inrush ; mechanical behavior ; mining advancing direction ; mind evolutionary algorithm ; MEA-BP model ; rock mechanical parameters ; orthogonal test method ; heat-concentrated source ; optimization of heat source location ; temperature gradient ; closed-form solution ; temperature difference ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 179
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Robotic manipulators are becoming increasingly complex systems in order to meet market demands for their safer and more flexible use. Complex robotic systems are modifying the way robots are perceived and exploited in several areas. The effectiveness of these systems is challenged by new problems regarding their design, control, and planning, among others. This Special Issue explores recent advances in the dynamics and control of robot manipulators, spanning from linkages to non-conventional serial and parallel robots.
    Keywords: pattern moving ; partial form dynamic linearization (PFDL) ; nonlinear system ; two-player zero-sum game ; model free adaptive control (MFAC) ; industrial robot ; kinetic parameter identification ; beetle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic perturbation ; parallel robots ; mechatronics ; motion simulation ; mirror therapy ; medical robot ; redundancy resolution ; human-robot interaction ; torque-control ; Doppler sonography ; impedance control ; fractional calculus ; half-order derivative ; parallel kinematics machine ; underactuation ; vacuum grasping ; suction cups ; grasping configurations ; inertial effects ; cable-driven parallel robot ; cable failure ; cable break ; modeling ; simulation ; nonlinear model prediction ; emergency strategies ; force distribution ; robotic art ; watercolor ; sponge painting ; etching ; image processing ; cable-driven robots ; control design ; motion assistance ; manipulator ; multiple constraints ; adaptive neural network ; smooth-switching for gain ; Barrier Lyapunov Function ; shaking force and shaking moment balancing ; low settling time ; natural frequencies ; inverted four-bar mechanism ; robotic manipulators ; flexible manipulator ; state-constrained ; finite-time control ; back-stepping control ; active fault-tolerant control ; synchronous fast terminal sliding mode control ; robot manipulator control ; extended state observer ; fault ; motion planning ; mobile robots ; actuator dynamics and control ; cable-driven parallel robots ; wire-driven parallel robots ; tendon-driven parallel robots ; actuators ; winch ; design ; picking manipulator ; sliding mode control ; adaptive control ; friction compensation ; genetic algorithm ; cable-driven parallel manipulator ; dynamic control ; wrench feasible workspace ; dynamics model ; vibration control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 180
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Currently, water and energy are among the world biggest challenges. All countries working on increasing industries and searching for progress need energy. Beside the limitation on the energy in the world, the aspect that has limited the use of energy is global warming. Fossil fuels are mostly used in the industries produce greenhouse gasses that cause trapping of the heat in the atmosphere and thus lead to temperatures rising and climate change. The importance of green energy is that it does not have the negative effect of fossil fuels and does not release carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas through combustion. This book contains some new studies about the production of renewable energies and applications of green technologies in various processes. The book is useful for researchers in the field of green technologies and also post-graduate students who are interested in expanding their knowledge of novel technologies and green fuels. It contains six chapters. In Chapter 1, a microbial fuel cell was studied and optimized. In Chapter 2, an autonomous model that can be used in cars and agriculture was reviewed. Chapter 3 studies the dehumidification capacity of water walls. Chapter 4 discusses the performance of conventional and unconventional single U-Tube pipe configurations. Chapter 5 studies the power generation table of 40 different locations in Oman. Finally, in Chapter 6 the role of renewable energy in south Asian countries is discussed.
    Keywords: acceptance ; AgTech startups ; autonomous ; robot ; TAM ; water wall ; falling water film ; relative humidity ; temperature ; condensation rate ; dehumidification ; vertical ground heat exchanger ; external fin ; thermal response test ; effective ground thermal conductivity ; carbon nanotube ; coulombic efficiency ; microbial fuel cell ; nanocomposite ; Pt ; lookup tables ; photovoltaic ; PVGIS ; solar ; Oman ; health expenditures ; CO2 emissions ; renewable energy ; South Asian countries ; FMOLS ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 181
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue “Design and Sustainability” aimed to foster discussion on the design and development of products, services and PSS that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. It is crucial to consider various facets of design and sustainability in a broad range of sectors and countries, while providing attention to often overlooked ‘softer’ dimension of social sustainability.
    Keywords: Design for sustainability ; design for circular economy ; social sustainability ; social innovation ; product service systems ; Base of the Pyramid ; frugal innovations ; well-being ; industrial design ; design methods and tools ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 182
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This Special Issue on the "Extraction and Fractionation Processes of Functional Components in Food Engineering" aims to bring together novel advances in the development and application of innovative processing strategies to extract, isolate, and modify food compounds to produce ingredients and foods with improved nutritional, functional, and biological properties. Topics include: - Development of innovative processing strategies to extract, modify, and recover food compounds. - Effects of industrial processes on the functionality and biological activities of food compounds. - Bioconversion of agricultural waste streams and food byproducts into added valuable compounds. - Challenges associated with processing scale-up.
    Keywords: terpene ; pinene ; Escherichia coli ; whey ; whey permeate ; biosynthesis ; microbial ; peptides ; hydrolysates ; hypertension ; aqueous extraction process ; extraction yields ; cream demulsification ; oil recovery ; almond flour ; walnut oil ; rancidity ; induction time ; rancimat ; response surface methodology ; acid-soluble collagen ; snakehead fish ; fish skin ; the mixture of skin and scale ; denaturation temperature ; FTIR ; food proteins ; novel extraction methodologies ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; bioactive peptides ; seeds ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; solvent extraction ; expeller pressing ; enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction ; techno-economic analysis ; life cycle assessment ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 183
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Electrification, automation of vehicle control, digitalization and new mobility are the mega-trends in automotive engineering, and they are strongly connected. While many demonstrations for highly automated vehicles have been made worldwide, many challenges remain in bringing automated vehicles to the market for private and commercial use. The main challenges are as follows: reliable machine perception; accepted standards for vehicle-type approval and homologation; verification and validation of the functional safety, especially at SAE level 3+ systems; legal and ethical implications; acceptance of vehicle automation by occupants and society; interaction between automated and human-controlled vehicles in mixed traffic; human–machine interaction and usability; manipulation, misuse and cyber-security; the system costs of hard- and software and development efforts. This Special Issue was prepared in the years 2021 and 2022 and includes 15 papers with original research related to recent advances in the aforementioned challenges. The topics of this Special Issue cover: Machine perception for SAE L3+ driving automation; Trajectory planning and decision-making in complex traffic situations; X-by-Wire system components; Verification and validation of SAE L3+ systems; Misuse, manipulation and cybersecurity; Human–machine interactions, driver monitoring and driver-intention recognition; Road infrastructure measures for the introduction of SAE L3+ systems; Solutions for interactions between human- and machine-controlled vehicles in mixed traffic.
    Keywords: automated driving ; scenario-based testing ; software framework ; traffic signs ; ADAS ; traffic sign recognition system ; cooperative perception ; ITS ; digital twin ; sensor fusion ; edge cloud ; autonomous drifting ; model predictive control (MPC) ; successive linearization ; adaptive control ; vehicle motion control ; varying road surfaces ; vehicle dynamics ; Mask R-CNN ; transfer learning ; inverse gamma correction ; illumination ; instance segmentation ; pedestrian custom dataset ; deep learning ; wheel loaders ; throttle prediction ; state prediction ; automation ; safety validation ; automated driving systems ; decomposition ; modular safety approval ; modular testing ; fault tree analysis ; adaptive cruise control ; informed machine learning ; physics-guided reinforcement learning ; safety ; autonomous vehicles ; autonomous conflict management ; UTM ; UAV ; UGV ; U-Space ; framework development ; lane detection ; simulation and modelling ; multi-layer perceptron ; convolutional neural network ; driver drowsiness ; ECG signal ; heart rate variability ; wavelet scalogram ; automated driving (AD) ; driving simulator ; expression of trust ; acceptance ; simulator case study ; NASA TLX ; advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) ; system usability scale ; driving school ; virtual validation ; ground truth ; reference measurement ; calibration method ; simulation ; traffic evaluation ; simulation and modeling ; connected and automated vehicle ; driver assistance system ; virtual test and validation ; radar sensor ; physical perception model ; virtual sensor model ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Porous media play an important role in a wide range of scientific and engineering problems. Therefore, the problems of their application are associated with the solution of multiscale processes that combine the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy.This Special Issue is devoted to the actual scientific problem of studying the processes of interconnected heat and mass transfer in porous media. This problem is one of the most complex and important fundamental areas of modern science and is of great applied importance. The results of heat and mass transfer studies in porous materials can be used to intensify heat transfer at various power plants in order to increase their energy efficiency. The purpose of this Special Issue is to showcase the latest developments in PM heat transfer and mass transfer technologies that contribute to sustainable development. Despite the fact that considerable attention has been paid to these issues, there is constant demand for innovative solutions to solve a wide range of problems in this area. Therefore, this Special Issue attempts to highlight and propose new solutions to these problems. These works develop a basic understanding of the scientific problems of heat and mass transfer in porous materials. Thematically, it is possible to distinguish three areas covered by the studies within this Special Issue: mass transfer in porous media, methods for the formation of a porous medium, and conjugate heat and mass transfer.
    Keywords: single-walled carbon nanotubes ; activated carbon ; reduced graphene oxide ; 2,4-D ; adsorption ; electroanalysis ; porous medium ; heat transfer ; mass transfer ; mathematical modeling ; numerical research methods ; porous materials ; channel porosity ; internal climate ; non-constant stay of people ; heating ; energy conservation ; combustion synthesis ; salts with carbon in molecule ; carbon materials ; modified CPEs ; perforated plates ; laser micromachining ; holes manufacture ; flow direction ; Loop Heat Pipe ; phase transitions ; hydrothermal synthesis ; zeolite synthesis ; magnetic induction ; zeolite X ; NaX ; scaleup ; soil ; ground heat exchanger ; filtration ; heat pump ; numerical simulation ; additive manufacturing ; heat pipes ; laser powder bed fusion ; wick structures ; heat pipe performance ; homogenization ; textiles ; yarns ; random fibers ; permeability ; effective diffusion ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: In this Special Issue on symmetry, we mainly discuss the application of symmetry in various structural health monitoring. For example, considering the health monitoring of a known structure, by obtaining the static or dynamic response of the structure, using different signal processing methods, including some advanced filtering methods, to remove the influence of environmental noise, and extract structural feature parameters to determine the safety of the structure. These damage diagnosis methods can also be effectively applied to various types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment. For this reason, the vibration control of various structures and the knowledge of random structure dynamics should be considered, which will promote the rapid development of the structural health monitoring. Among them, signal extraction and evaluation methods are also worthy of study. The improvement of signal acquisition instruments and acquisition methods improves the accuracy of data. A good evaluation method will help to correctly understand the performance with different types of infrastructure and mechanical equipment.
    Keywords: real-time hybrid simulation ; H∞ control ; time delay ; mixed sensitivity ; structural health monitoring ; deep learning ; data anomaly detection ; convolutional neural network ; time–frequency extraction ; micro inertial measurement unit (MIMU) ; variational mode decomposition (VMD) ; Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) ; frequency-domain integration approach (FDIA) ; torsion angle calculation ; offshore oil platform ; self-anchored suspension bridge ; cable clamp ; slippage ; force analysis ; high formwork ; ARMA ; BPNN ; stress trend prediction ; crack detection ; improved YOLOv4 ; concrete surface ; substructure shake table testing ; integration algorithm ; finite element method ; damper ; digital twin ; prestressed steel structure ; construction process ; safety assessment ; intelligent construction ; structural health monitoring (SHM) ; vibration ; frequency domain ; time domain ; time-frequency domain ; technical codes ; multiple square loops (MSL)-string ; seismic excitation ; dynamic response ; seismic pulse ; near and far field ; three-dimensional laser scanning ; surface flatness of initial support of tunnel ; curved surface fitting ; flatness calculation datum ; curvedcontinuous girder bridge ; collision response ; seismic mitigation ; pounding mitigation and unseating prevention ; heavy-duty vehicle ; road ; coupling model ; terrestrial laser scanning ; RGB ; genetic algorithm ; artificial neutral network ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint collected the cutting-edge developments of CFD in the area of marine science and technology. CFD methods including novel numerical algorithms, advanced treatments of solving procedures, parallel acceleration techniques, and the utilization of CFD for fluid–structure interaction, wave modeling, ship dynamics, etc., are included. The audience of this reprint can be researchers and engineers in the area of marine science and technology.
    Keywords: high sea state ; USV ; large scale ; motion in waves ; safety of the trip ; hydrodynamics ; inland convoy ; bridge pier ; confined waterway ; resistance ; high-speed supercavitation vehicle ; wet surface ; hydrodynamic force ; damping force ; periodic swing ; heaving foil ; different waveform perturbation ; hydrodynamic characteristics ; vortex structure ; pump-jet propulsor ; SST ; stator solidity ; stator angle ; rotor–stator spacing ; blade number ; vortices ; submarine-launched vehicle ; pressure-equalizing exhaust ; multiphase flow ; air film fusion ; convective heat transfer ; impinging jet ; VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) ; thermal flow ; stagnation point ; CFD (computational fluid dynamics) ; numerical simulations ; multiple discharges ; inclined dense jets ; mixing and dilution ; discharge inclination ; cable-laying vessel ; submarine cable ; dynamic interactions ; numerical simulation ; combination excitation ; liquid cargo tank ; sloshing ; manta rays ; fish schooling ; tandem gliding ; the bow of the submarine ; turbulent boundary layer ; pressure fluctuation ; stress-blended eddy simulation ; horizontal submerged jet ; Wray–Agarwal turbulence model ; flow field structure ; speed distribution ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on aspects related to new perspectives and challenges in traffic and transportation engineering supporting energy saving in smart cities. Transportation, like other spheres of human activity, is constantly changing due to economic development. People are constantly improving the ways of moving using various energy sources, expanding infrastructures, and adapting cities to increasing traffic volumes. Many of the contents presented in this book are characterized by a multidisciplinary approach to a global problem. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: road traffic measurements; data analysis; road traffic (micro-, meso-, macro-) modeling; simulation models; road and intersection capacity; optimization, route choice; human factor in road traffic and transportation engineering; road safety; pedestrian and bicycle traffic and infrastructure; public transportation solutions; parking issues; contemporary problems of road traffic engineering and sustainable transportation; intelligent transportation systems (ITS); traffic control and management; smart grid services; electric mobility; environmental impacts of transportation systems; life cycle analysis (LCA) of alternative energy vectors for road vehicles; transportation systems and process modeling; sustainable transportation development; life cycle impact; fuel consumption; and emissions.
    Keywords: traffic calming ; transition zone ; chicane ; speed restriction ; speed reduction ; solar cells ; electromobility ; emission costs ; electric vehicles ; zero-emission buses ; air pollution ; public transport ; sustainable transport ; transport management ; renewable energy sources ; signal-controlled intersections ; back-of-queue model ; traffic monitoring ; video analysis ; drivers behaviours ; traffic engineering ; road transport ; variable message signs ; driver’s behavior ; traffic diverting ; traffic modelling ; volume–delay functions ; traffic assignment ; cargo bicycles ; last-mile logistics ; MTSP ; CVRP ; travel behaviour ; service disruption ; real-time information ; RTI ; calming of traffic ; Tempo-30 zone ; traffic calming measures ; choker ; speed tables ; raised pedestrian crossing ; sustainable urban mobility planning ; macroscopic transport model ; bicycle traffic model ; modal shift ; modal split ; environmental impact ; cargo bikes ; transport modelling ; investment ; impact ; sustainability ; energy savings ; urban-port road system ; shared mobility ; cost ; ridesharing ; allocation ; traffic calming measure ; radar speed camera ; urban area ; road safety ; rural roads ; pedestrian ; crosswalk ; horizontal deflection ; central island ; surrounding landscape ; landscaping ; roundabout ; vehicle-specific power ; pollutant emission ; microsimulation ; road infrastructure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: An economic development model analyzes the adoption of alternative strategy capable of leveraging the economy, based essentially on RES. The combination of wind turbine, PV installation with new technology battery energy storage, DSM network and RES forecasting algorithms maximizes RES integration in isolated islands. An innovative model of power system (PS) imbalances is presented, which aims to capture various features of the stochastic behavior of imbalances and to reduce in average reserve requirements and PS risk. Deep learning techniques for medium-term wind speed and solar irradiance forecasting are presented, using for first time a specific cloud index. Scalability-replicability of the FLEXITRANSTORE technology innovations integrates hardware-software solutions in all areas of the transmission system and the wholesale markets, promoting increased RES. A deep learning and GIS approach are combined for the optimal positioning of wave energy converters. An innovative methodology to hybridize battery-based energy storage using supercapacitors for smoother power profile, a new control scheme and battery degradation mechanism and their economic viability are presented. An innovative module-level photovoltaic (PV) architecture in parallel configuration is introduced maximizing power extraction under partial shading. A new method for detecting demagnetization faults in axial flux permanent magnet synchronous wind generators is presented. The stochastic operating temperature (OT) optimization integrated with Markov Chain simulation ascertains a more accurate OT for guiding the coal gasification practice.
    Keywords: entrained flow coal gasification ; ash melting point ; operation temperature ; Markov process ; stochastic optimization model ; genetic algorithm ; gallium nitride ; magnetic-free converters ; module-level converters ; parallel architecture ; partial shading ; photovoltaic systems ; switched capacitor converters ; hybrid energy storage system ; supercapacitor ; lead–acid battery ; energy management system ; battery degradation ; depth of discharge ; techno-economic analysis ; hybrid power station ; green island ; energy storage ; remote community ; reserves ; k-means ; probabilistic dimensioning ; dynamic dimensioning ; balancing ; wave energy converters ; deep neural networks ; renewable energy sources ; spatial planning ; sentinel satellite imagery ; permanent magnet synchronous machines ; generators ; fault detection ; demagnetization ; artificial intelligence ; data mining ; machine learning ; advanced deep learning ; windspeed forecasting ; solar irradiation forecasting ; increased RES penetration ; smart grid ; scalability ; replicability ; FLEXITRANSTORE ; Angolan economy ; diversification ; strategic alternative ; biofuels ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 189
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The reprint “Land Administration 2.0” is an extension of the previous reprint “Remote Sensing for Land Administration”, another Special Issue in Remote Sensing. This reprint unpacks the responsible use and integration of emerging remote sensing techniques into the domain of land administration, including land registration, cadastre, land use planning, land valuation, land taxation, and land development. The title was chosen as “Land Administration 2.0” in reference to both this Special Issue being the second volume on the topic “Land Administration” and the next-generation requirements of land administration including demands for 3D, indoor, underground, real-time, high-accuracy, lower-cost, and interoperable land data and information.
    Keywords: UAV ; cadastral mapping ; data quality ; geometric accuracy ; impact assessment ; ground control points ; feature extraction ; flight plan ; image segmentation ; deep-learning ; building outlines ; cadastre modernization ; FCN ; high-resolution aerial orthoimages ; LiDAR data ; remote sensing ; land tenure ; land administration ; geospatially informed analysis ; knowledge co-production ; land ; visible boundary ; deep learning ; neural network ; classification ; building footprint extraction ; cadastre ; change detection ; VHR aerial images ; property valuation ; property taxation ; photogrammetry ; aerial imagery ; HRSI ; lidar ; artificial intelligence ; cadastral survey ; detail survey ; handheld LiDAR scanner ; calibration ; LiDAR system ; segmentation ; edge detection ; agricultural land boundary ; LiDAR ; automated feature extraction ; cadaster ; land registration ; land use planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Speech is the most spontaneous and natural means of communication, as well as the preferred modality for interacting with mobile or fixed electronic devices, but speech in-terfaces have drawbacks, such as a lack of user privacy; non-inclusivity for certain users; poor robustness in noisy conditions; and the difficulty of creating complex man–machine interfaces. The Special Issue “Future Speech Interfaces with Sensors and Machine Intelligence” assembles eleven contributions that cover multimodal and silent speech interfaces; lip reading applications; novel sensors for speech interfaces; and enhanced speech inclusivity tools for future speech interfaces. The articles make important improvements beyond the state of the art, advancing the state of the art to new frontiers in some cases. Short summaries of all articles, grouped by topic, are presented, followed by a global commentary and evaluation.
    Keywords: neural machine translation (NMT) ; transformer ; Arabic dialects ; modern standard Arabic ; subword units ; multi-head attention ; shared vocabulary ; self-attention ; 3D densely connected CNN ; 3D multi-layer feature fusion CNN ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; lipreading ; speech recognition ; visual speech recognition ; silent speech ; continuous-wave radar ; European Portuguese ; machine learning ; multimodal speech ; lip reading ; ultrasound tongue imaging ; pose estimation ; speech kinematics ; keypoints ; landmarks ; audio-visual speech recognition ; lip-reading ; application programming interface ; multi-modal interaction ; deep neural networks ; multi-view VSR ; attention mechanism ; spatial attention module ; local self-attention ; connectionist temporal classification ; text-to-lip ; speech synthesis ; text-to-speech ; speech-to-lip ; zero-shot adaptation ; generative models ; artificial intelligence ; objective measures ; hybrid models ; end-to-end recognition ; reliability measures ; decision fusion net ; articulation-to-speech synthesis ; silent speech interface ; speaker adaption ; voice conversion ; audiovisual speech recognition ; multimodal interaction ; edutainment ; virtual aquarium ; speech processing ; ultrasound imaging ; silent speech interfaces ; speech sensors ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The motivation for the present reprint is to provide an overview of novel applications of AI methods to industrial control systems by means of selected best practices in highlighting how such methodologies can be used to improve the production systems self-learning capacities, their overall performance, the related process and product quality, the optimal use of resources and the industrial systems safety, and resilience to varying boundary conditions and production requests. By means of its seven scientific contributions, the present reprint illustrates the increasing added value of the introduction of AI methods for improving the performance of control solutions with reference to different control and automation problems in different industrial applications and sectors, ranging from single manipulators or small unmanned ground vehicles up to complex manufacturing. Additionally, the role of AI to improve the performance of relevant engineering methodologies and digital instruments, such as cyberphysical systems, digital twins, and human–robot collaboration, are also effectively addressed in the included contributions.
    Keywords: policy iteration ; uncertain nonlinear system ; robust control ; adaptive optimal control ; digital twin ; human robot collaboration ; reconfiguration ; interoperability ; industry 4.0 ; manufacturing execution system ; cyber-physical production system ; OPC UA ; reinforcement learning ; decentralized control ; multi-agent ; continuous control ; robotic grasping ; policy optimization ; multi-dimensional Taylor network ; predictive control ; nonlinear system ; SUGV ; predictive model ; NARX-ANN-based models ; modified SP controller design ; irrigation main canal pool automation ; system identification ; management of water resources ; control systems ; industrial automation ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; self-learning machine tools ; adaptive production systems ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and deep learning have received widespread attention in recent years and have shown great potential for application in many industrial fields. In power systems, AI and related technologies are also being used as new powerful tools that are gradually replacing the traditional techniques of feature modeling, performance control, and fault diagnosis, with better results. This reprint consists of 10 articles, all of which are authored by experts in the related fields, reporting the results of the latest research on the application of AI techniques in power systems, focusing on several novel and fascinating approaches to power system modeling and control, state estimation, performance diagnosis and prognosis.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence, big data analytics, deep learning, power system, modeling and control, diagnosis and prognosis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The decarbonization of all sectors is essential in addressing the global challenge of climate change. Bioenergy can contribute to replacing our current dependence on fossil fuels and offers significant possibilities in many conventional and advanced applications, from power to heating and cooling installations. Energy systems in the building and industrial sectors can convert biomass to other usable forms of energy and improve energy performance. Moreover, bioenergy sustainability means energy can be managed for an extended period of time. Further research is needed to develop better green energy production methods and new procedures to evaluate and valorize biomass in a circular economy context. Some of the most critical bottlenecks to increase the use of bioenergy are energy conversion and management from resource to final energy. The countries where this source is strengthened can achieve security of energy supply and energy independence. In addition, biomass boilers and biomass district heating systems are interesting options to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings, contributing the needed biomass harvesting to rural development and to improve resource planning and distribution. The aim of this book is to present a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biomass-based systems and innovative applications.
    Keywords: green tide ; parameter optimization ; pyrolysis kinetics ; Shuffled Complex Evolution ; Kissinger method ; clean technology ; renewable energy ; life cycle assessment ; zero discharge ; waste treatment ; sustainability ; bibliometric analysis ; analysis of science mapping ; SciMAT ; systematic literature review ; municipal solid waste ; organic fraction ; biomass ; olive waste ; energetic densification ; pretreatment ; torrefaction ; energy conversion ; energy management ; technology ; thermal system ; biogas ; energy transition ; water hyacinth ; anaerobic digestion ; optimisation ; sustainable cities ; particle emission ; biomass combustion ; biomass cooking stoves ; domestic heating ; local circularity ; decentralized biowaste management ; circular economy ; resource recovery ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.
    Keywords: Mixing ; optimised ; household digester ; Chinese dome digester (CDD) ; self-agitation ; blank ; mixing ; Chinese dome digester ; impeller mixed digester ; unstirred digester ; hydraulically mixed ; total solids (TS) concentration ; plug-flow reactor ; anaerobic digestion ; animal manures ; biogas ; unconfined gas injection mixing ; mixing recirculation ; biomethane potential tests ; Italy ; manure ; energy crops ; agriculture residues ; digestate ; biochemical methane potential ; micro-aeration ; iron ; bioenergy ; H2S scrubber ; methane ; fermentation ; dairy ; poultry ; absorbent ; ammonia ; inhibition ; acclimatization ; trace elements ; anaerobic treatment ; energy assessment ; rural sanitation ; sludge ; wastewater ; agricultural runoff ; biomethane ; biorefinery ; microalgae ; photobioreactor ; pretreatment ; low cost digester ; psychrophilic anaerobic digestion ; thermal behavior ; anaerobic co-digestion ; slaughterhouse wastewater ; synergistic effects ; kinetic modeling ; biodegradability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains selected papers from works presented at the 12th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space for Opening New Horizons, which was held from the 18th until the 21st of October 2022, in Barcelona, with physical participation. About 470 participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Twenty interesting papers, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: parachute harness ; opening load ; limit load ; human factors ; air traffic management ; air traffic controllers ; subjective workload assessment ; air traffic control events ; simulation platform ; taskload ; real-time simulations ; air traffic management and airports ; air traffic control ; arrival manager ; controller support system ; severe weather visualization ; nowcasting ; weather research and forecasting ; flame propagation ; nanosecond plasma discharges ; lean burning ; ZDPlaskin ; CHEMKIN ; carbon fibre-reinforced plastics ; energy absorption ; impact ; optimisation ; simulation ; three-point bending test ; optimization ; multi-objective ; multi-point ; Kriging ; metamodel ; surrogate ; intake ; aerodynamics ; CFD ; mesh morphing ; achievement scalarizing function ; FUTPRINT50 ; sustainable aviation ; zero emissions ; hybrid-electric propulsion ; liquid hydrogen ; fuel-cell technology ; electric green taxiing system ; wingtip propulsion ; superconducting materials ; green approaches ; FMS ; AMAN ; CDA ; negotiation process ; on-ground energy supply ; hybrid-electric aircraft ; airport infrastructure ; conceptual design in aerospace ; Advanced Morphological Approach ; structured expert judgment elicitation ; ATFCM Regulations ; machine learning ; air traffic ; historical data ; explainability ; EMA ; prognostics ; PHM ; model-based ; metaheuristic ; MEA ; FDI ; reusable launch vehicle ; thermal protection system ; integrated thermal protection system ; ablative material ; ceramic matrix composite ; phase change material ; lattice structure ; additive manufacturing ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; aerospace ; dual scale microstructure ; flight control actuators ; iron bird ; actuators ; holistic MCDM tool ; circular aviation ; sustainability ; CFRP recycling ; aviation ; sensitivity analysis ; AHP ; WSM ; data normalization ; aircraft design ; distributed propulsion ; hybrid-electric flight ; critical loss of thrust ; vertical stabilizer ; eVTOL ; multirotor aerial vehicle ; sizing ; hybrid energy storage ; battery ; hydrogen fuel cell ; supercapacitor ; self-healing efficiency ; functionalization reaction ; epoxy resin ; mechanical properties ; 17-4PH stainless steel ; 3D printing ; laser powder bed fusion ; printing orientation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 196
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered phytoremediation ecotechnologies. Herein, the two main biotic components, namely, plants and the bacterial community, work synergistically to remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. CWs have been used as sole treatment systems or as integrated modules within other types of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), e.g., as tertiary treatment units. This Special Issue and Book gathers and appraises recent research outcomes regarding natural wetlands (i.e., mangroves) and engineered wetlands (constructed/floating systems), and highlights the underlying pollutant-degradation pathways and mechanisms for a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.
    Keywords: phytoremediation ; heavy metal ; aquatic plants ; floating aquatic plants ; wastewater treatment ; floating treatment wetlands ; Cyperus laevigatus L ; diesel oil ; plant-bacteria synergism ; toxicity ; bio-augmentation ; dye degradation ; bacteria ; Phragmites australis ; acetaminophen ; mangrove sediments ; biodegradation ; aerobic conditions ; anaerobic conditions ; water ; plants ; microbes ; pollutants ; textile effluent ; hydroponic root mats ; plant-bacteria partnership ; detergents ; wastewater ; livestock wastewater ; Typha latifolia L. ; V-SSF systems ; total nitrogen ; COD ; total suspended solids ; constructed wetlands ; agricultural runoff ; chemicals of emerging concern ; veterinary antibiotics ; antibiotic resistant genes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Environmental quality is crucial to our health, economy, lives, and for future generations. However, during the last few years, we have faced several serious challenges, which include, but are not limited to, climate change, unsustainable consumption and production, as well as various forms of pollution. These challenges are of global concerns for the sustainable development of human beings. This reprint has collected review and research papers aimed at a wide range of environmental topics: water and wastewater treatment and management, soil degradation and conservation, pollution control, the environmental impact of technologies, air quality and the indoor environment, and advanced environmental materials. Analytical methods developed for the determination of environmental pollutants were also welcomed. Papers dealing in the synthesis of adsorbents for the solid-phase extraction of environmental pollutants also fell within the scope of this Special Issue. Contributions describing novel and significant knowledge, scientific results, and advanced applications in the field of environmental sciences and technology were also welcomed. This reprint provides an integrated view of the trends in solving the problems associated with the achievement of sustainability in environmental technology.
    Keywords: hydrothermal activation treatment ; recycling technology ; heavy metal ; ion exchange ; attached growth process ; biological treatment ; biofilm ; membrane fouling ; rotating biological contactors ; wastewater treatment ; image processing ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; feature recognition ; image segmentation ; color space ; floods ; sediment ; biomass ; protein source ; Eisenia foetida ; vermicomposting ; organic waste ; cultivation media ; water treatment ; solar disinfection ; pre-treatment ; mechanism ; SODIS system ; alginate beads ; C. oleofaciens ; immobilisation ; green microalgae ; POME treatment ; post-treatment ; coagulation–adsorption ; membrane ; organic matter ; peat water ; ultrafiltration ; polysulfone ; sustainability ; effluent treatment ; dyes ; bioremediation ; bacteria ; wastewater ; textile ; consortium ; BES ; bioreactor ; Solanum incanum ; isotherm ; adsorption ; methylene blue ; exothermic ; heavy metals ; Kerian River ; pollution ; anthropogenic activities ; water quality ; banana peel biochar ; reactive black 5 ; kinetic ; phytotoxicity ; tomato ; energy consumption ; greenhouse gas emissions ; energy efficiency ; elevator ; buildings ; solar distiller ; water temperature ; pathogens removal ; rural areas ; sun-tracking system ; cost-effective water production ; water scarcity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; heavy metal phytostabilization ; bioaccumulation and translocation factors ; vegetation ; coal fly and bottom ash landfill ; interaction of plant species and location ; hybrid models ; air pollution modelling ; feature selection ; wrapper method ; artificial neural network ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue book contains selected papers from works presented at the 9th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space, which was held in Athens, Greece from the 3rd until the 6th of September, 2019. About 450 participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering, providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Eight interesting articles, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electric propulsion ; aircraft ; CENTRELINE ; DC link voltage level ; analytical model ; design space exploration ; gas-turbine performance ; turboshaft ; axial compressor ; blade ; FEM ; CFD ; erosion ; wear ; stall margin ; compressor surge ; brownout ; aircraft thermal management ; hybrid electric propulsion ; surface heat exchanger ; superhydrophobic ; coating ; anti-icing ; spray-coat ; aeronautical ; gas turbine engine ; performance model ; gas path analysis ; robust estimation ; identification ; regularization ; fuzzy set ; membership function ; CubeSat ; CFRP ; structural integration ; functional integration ; structural battery ; embedded battery ; carbon fibre thermoplastic composite ; PEEK matrix ; woven ; aging ; mechanical testing ; static and fatigue ; STOL aircraft ; propeller ; Pareto sets ; propeller optimization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Induction machines are one of the most important technical applications for both the industrial world and private use. Since their invention (achievements of Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla, and Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski), they have been widely used in different electrical drives and as generators, thanks to their features such as reliability, durability, low price, high efficiency, and resistance to failure. The methods for designing and using induction machines are similar to the methods used in other electric machines but have their own specificity. Many issues discussed here are based on the fundamental achievements of authors such as Nasar, Boldea, Yamamura, Tegopoulos, and Kriezis, who laid the foundations for the development of induction machines, which are still relevant today. The control algorithms are based on the achievements of Blaschke (field vector-oriented control) and Depenbrock or Takahashi (direct torque control), who created standards for the control of induction machines. Today’s induction machines must meet very stringent requirements of reliability, high efficiency, and performance. Thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms, it is possible to design induction machines faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in materials science and technology enables the development of new machine topologies. The main objective of this book is to contribute to the development of induction machines in all areas of their applications.
    Keywords: LIM ; slip frequency ; linear induction motor ; automatic train operation ; rotor field-oriented angle error ; indirect rotor field-oriented control ; induction machine drives ; model-based prediction ; linear induction motors ; finite element analysis ; end effect ; induction machines ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; soft magnetic material ; thermal conductivity ; induction motor ; solid rotor ; effective parameters ; finite element method ; modelling of ring induction motors ; Monte Carlo method ; accurate modelling ; induction machine ; electromagnetic models ; model selection ; optimization ; artificial neural networks ; pattern search ; evolutionary strategy ; simulated annealing ; artificial neural network ; fourth central moment ; homogeneity analysis ; induction motors ; mechanical unbalance ; one broken rotor bar ; outer-race bearing fault ; startup transient current ; two broken rotor bars ; three-phase induction motor ; squirrel-cage rotor ; energy efficiency ; motor performance ; n/a ; dynamic model ; Matlab/Simulink ; rotor winding ; stator winding ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 200
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book address important issues regarding the modelling and simulation tools and techniques that are applied in high-voltage engineering in modern power systems. The presented conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, and theoretical results are obtained in the area of high-voltage engineering. Special attention is given to protection methods against direct lightning strikes, partial discharge tests, discharges’ influence on different structures, cable screening, and induced voltages, among others.
    Keywords: direct lightning ; guy wire ; grounding density ; pole-mounted transformer ; spark gap ; surge arrester ; background noise ; high-voltage and partial discharge test ; resonant power frequency converter ; switching interference ; voltage transformer ; wind power plant ; cable line ; cable screen ; double line-to-earth fault current ; MV cable line ; metallic cable screen ; overvoltages ; computer simulation ; artificial thunderstorm cell ; lightning ; upward leader discharges ; electromagnetic radiation spectrum ; wavelet ; transmission line monitoring system ; model element ; simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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