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  • Articles  (112)
  • Eddies
  • Transport
  • Wind stress
  • American Meteorological Society  (103)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of ESEM to environmental colloids (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microscopy ; Groundwater ; Pollution ; Radioactive waste ; Transport ; Remediation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Environmental colloids are toxic or radioactive particles suspended in ground or surface water. These hazardous particles can facilitate and accelerate the transport of toxicants and enhance the threat to humans by exposure to pathogenic substances. The chemical and physical properties of hazardous colloids have not been well characterized nor are there standard colloid remediation technologies to prevent their deleterious effects. Colloid characterization requires measurement of their size distribution, zeta potential, chemical composition, adsorption capacity, and morphology. The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) by ElectroScan, Inc., analyzes particle sizes, composition, and morphology. It is also used in this study to identify the attachment of colloids onto packing or rock surfaces in our development of a colloid remediation process.The ESEM has confirmed the composition of groundwater colloids in our studies to be generally the same material as the surrounding rock. The morphology studies have generally shown that colloids are simply small pieces of the rock surface that has exfoliated into the surrounding water. However, in general, the source and chemical composition of groundwater colloids is site dependent. We have found that an ESEM works best as a valuable analysis tool within a suite of colloid characterization instruments. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250515
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the rat epididymis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 28 (1991), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Northern analysis ; Microperfusion ; Glutathione ; pH ; Transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Following Northern analysis, GGT mRNA was found predominantly within the caput epididymides and kidney. The size of mRNAs for kidney, caput, corpus, and ducts deferens were 2.2, 2.3, 2.2., and 2.3 kb, respectively, whereas cauda showed a doublet of 2.2 and 2.3 kb. GGT transpeptidation and hydrolytic activity within epididymal luminal fluids collected by micropuncture showed caput=corpus〉cauda and corpus〉caput〉cauda, respectively. Caput luminal GGT transpeptidation activity was significantly inhibited by serine-borate and was optimal at pH 8.0. The calculated Km and Vmax values for hydrolysis of GSH by caput luminal GGT were 0.06 μM and 2.19 nmoles/min/μl luminal fluid at pH 8.5 compared to 0.49 μM and 0.49 nmoles/min/μl luminal fluid, respectively, at the physiological pH 6.5 of caput fluid. These studies would suggest that the epididymis can control the activity of luminal GGT by pH. Lower Km (0.12 μM) and higher Vmax (1.13 nmoles/min/μl luminal fluid) values were also calculated when GSSG was used compared to GSH. Results from Triton X-114 partitioning experiments suggest that luminal GGT probably exists in both membrane bound and nonmembrane bound forms. Western blot analysis of proteins within epididymal luminal fluids revealed both subunits of GGT in all epididymal regions studied. However, two lower molecular bands, approximately 22 kDa and 21 kDa, were also observed in cauda fluid. It is suggested that as GGT is transported along the epididymal duct it undergoes degradation, which accounts for its loss of activity in the distal epididymal regions. Epididymal GGT may not be involved in the transport of L-glutamate since transport was not related to the degree of GGT mRNA expression along the epididymal duct.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epididymal epithelium: Its contribution to the formation of a luminal fluid microenvironment (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Transport ; Proteins ; Ions ; Micropuncture ; Tight junctions ; Permeability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: To understand the process of sperm maturation, an understanding of interactions between the spermatozoa with the luminal fluid microenvironment and with the epididymal epithelium is necessary. The composition of epididymal luminal fluid of several species is well documented but the manner by which the epididymis contributes to the formation of this specialized milieu is not so well understood. A major role played by the epididymis is to finely regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the lumen. This ensures that as spermatozoa progress along the duct they are exposed to a continually changing, but optimal environment necessary for their maturation and survival. This review focusses on our current understanding of the contributions of the epididymal epithelium to the formation of a specialized luminal fluid microenvironment. The role of the blood-epididymis barrier, the composition of the epididymal luminal fluid, the permeability properties of the epididymal epithelium, and recent studies on a number of luminal fluid proteins and expression of the genes which encode these proteins are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport (1982)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2 (1982), S. 277-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Advection ; Convection ; Estuary ; Finite ; Element ; Hermite ; Polynomials ; Diffusion ; Dispersion ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Space-time finite element solutions of the convection-dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650020306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical solution of the transport equation using a polynomial initial condition for verification of numerical simulators (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 701-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Methods ; Transport ; Simulation ; Analytical Solutions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A formal finite element approach for open boundaries in transport and diffusion ground-water problems (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Transport ; Diffusion ; Ground-water ; Open boundaries ; Boundary conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the application of the finite element method to diffusion and convection-dispersion equations over a ground-water domain, the Galerkin technique was used to incorporate Neumann (or second-type) and Cauchy (or third-type) boundary conditions. While mass movement through open boundaries is a priori unknown, these boundaries are usually treated as a zero Neumann condition at some far distance from the domain of interest. Nevertheless, cheaper and better solutions can be obtained if these unknown conditions are adequately incorporated in the weak formulation and in the transient solution schemes (open boundary condition). Theoretical and numerical proofs are given of the equivalences between this approach and a ‘well-posed’ problem in a semi-infinite domain with a zero Neumann condition at a boundary placed at infinity. Transport and diffusion equations were applied in one dimension to show the numerical performances and limitations of this procedure for some linear and non-linear problems. No a priori limitations are foreseen in order to find similar solutions in two or three dimensions. Thus the spatial discretization in the proximity of open boundaries could be drastically reduced to the domain of interest.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier analysis of the Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation method (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Eulerian-Lagrangian ; Least squares ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability.Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0-5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Δx. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higher-wave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of antisense oligonucleotides and functional block of acetylcholine receptor subunit gene expression in primary embryonic neurons (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 296-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Transport ; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; sympathetic neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several recent studies have used antisense oligonucleotides in the nervous system to probe the functional role of particular gene products. Since antisense oligonucleotide-mediated block of gene expression typically involves uptake of the oligonucleotides, we have characterized the mechanism of this uptake into developing neurons from embryonic chickens. Antisense oligonucleotides (15 mers) added to the bathing media are taken up into the embryonic chicken sympathetic neurons maintained in vitro. A portion of the oligonucleotide uptake is temperature dependent and saturates at extracellular oligonucleotide concentrations ≥ 20 μM. This temperature sensitive, saturable component is effectively competed by single nucleotides of ATP and AMP and is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of oligonucleotides described in non-neuronal cells. The efficiency of the oligonucleotide uptake system is dependent on the developmental stage of the animal but independent of the number of days that the neurons are maintained in vitro.Following the uptake of antisense oligonucleotides directed against ion channel subunit genes expressed by these neurons (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α3; nAChR α3), biophysical assays reveal that the functional expression of the target gene is largely blocked. Thus the number of wild type nAChR channels expressed is decreased by =80%-90%. Furthermore, following antisense deletion of α3, “mutant” nAChRs with distinct functional characteristics are expressed.In sum, these studies characterize the uptake of antisense oligonucleotide and demonstrate the functional block of specific gene expression in primary developing neurons. In addition, the functional studies emphasize the need for sensitive and specific assay following antisense deletion, since other homologous gene products may substitute for the targeted gene resulting in new phenotypes that are subtly different from wild type. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fasting induces modifications of the endoplasmic reticulum in intestinal cells (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 16 (1990), S. 56-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Epithelial cells ; Transport ; Intestinal cell ; Flounder ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The polymorphism of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in epithelial cells with different transport functions such as the enterocyte suggests that the ER may be involved in some way in molecular transport. To further access this possibility, we examined the ER from the intestine of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, a species which undergoes an annual fast of approximately 6 months' duration, a time during which previous work indicates nutrient carrier number does not change. Fish from June (feeding) and January (8-10 weeks fasted) were sampled. Tissues from the pyloric caeca, foregut, midgut, and hindgut were prepared for electron microscopy using two techniques of staining. Cell height was unaltered in any section, although microvillar length shortened variably. Cellular organization, including position of nuclei, number and distribution of mitochondria, and presence of basolateral membranes, did not change. The ER appeared equally abundant in June and January. However, use of the osmium impregnation technique, which is specific for ER cisternal contents, revealed a change in the impregnation of ER, from a heavily impregnated network in summer to little or no impregnation in winter. These results suggest that a shift in function of the ER had occurred when nutrient transport ceased, and supports a role of the ER in nutrient transport.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060160108
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  • 10
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    The Halting Effect of Baroclinicity in Vortex Merging (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We study the quasi-geostrophic merging dynamics of axisymmetric baroclinic vortices to understand how baroclinicity affects merging rates and the development of the nonlinear cascade of enstrophy. The initial vortices are taken to simulate closely the horizontal' and vertical structure of Gulf Stream rings. A quasigeostrophic model is set with a horizontal resolution of 9 km and 6 vertical levels to resolve the mean stratification of the Gulf Stream region. The results show that the baroclinic merging is slower than the purely barotropic process, The merging is shown to occur in two phases: the tirst, which produces clove-shaped vortices and diffusive mixing of vorticity contours; and the second, which consists of the sliding of the remaining vorticity cores with a second diffusive mixing of the intemal vorticity field. Comparison among Nof, Cushman-Roisin, Polvani et al, and Dewar and Killworth merging events indicates a substantial agreement in the kinematics of the DYOCRSS. Parameter sensitivity experiments show that the decrease of the baroclinicity parameter of the system, Γ^2, [defined as Γ^2 = (D^2 fo^2)/ (No^2 H^2)], increases the speed of merging while its increase slows down the merging. However, the halting elfect of baroclinicity (large Γ^2 or small Rossby radii of deformation) reaches a saturation level where the merging becomes insensitive to larger F2 values. Furthermore, we show that a regime of small Γ^2 exists at which the merged baroclinic vortex is unstable (metastable) and breaks again into two new vortices, Thus, in the baroelinic case the range of Γ^2 detemines the stability of the merged vortex. We analyze these results by local energy and vorticity balances, showing that the horizontal divergence of pressure work term [∇ *(pv)] and the relative-vorticity advection term (v * ∇ (∇ ^2 φ) trigger the merging during the first phase. Due to this horizontal redistribution process, a net kinetic to gravitational energy conversion occurs via buoyancy work in the region external to the cores of the vortices. The second phase of merging is dominated by a direct baroclinic conversion of available gravitational energy into kinetic energy, which in tum triggers a horizontal energy redistribution producing the final fusion of the vortex centers. This energy and vorticity analysis supports the hypothesis that merging is an internal mixing process triggered by a horizontal redistribution of kinetic energy.
    Description: The work has been financed by a grant from the Progetto Finalizzato "Calcolo Parallelo"
    Description: Published
    Description: 1618/1637
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ocean modeling ; Vortex dynamics ; Baroclinicity ; Eddies ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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