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  • Articles  (21)
  • Sustainable/low carbon buildings  (21)
  • Oxford University Press  (21)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer Nature
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (21)
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  • Articles  (21)
Publisher
  • Oxford University Press  (21)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The design of a future building with very high-energy efficiency demands from the architect to study the available solar resources in this urban environment. The purpose of the presented methodology is to study the variations in all components of the incident solar radiation daily, monthly and seasonally for all building facades. This is realized in the computer program 3D–SOLARIA. In the focus of the paper is the estimation of the background component of the incident diffuse solar irradiation on a building facade under orthogonally obstructed sky, using anisotropic sky view factors.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The assessment of building envelope sustainability using existing building performance assessment methods is still a challenge and yet to be fully addressed. This is due to the single-dimensional nature and lack of integration of sustainable performance values. Besides, the issue of sustainability assessment in the building envelope requires considering many factors including life cycle considerations. As such, in an effort to develop an integrated approach that combines relevant sustainable development factors and life cycles, an integrated performance model (IPM) was developed. The IPM is an essential tool developed to aid the sustainable design of the residential building envelope that can reduce carbon emission and whole residential building energy consumption and ensure sustainable performance of the building envelope.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In recent years, the concept of green building is becoming popular in China. Architects and engineers have the opportunity to actually implement green building practices. This paper reveals the failure of a naturally ventilated LEED-certified townhouse development project in China mentioned in recent research. The house owners made great alterations for the purpose of decoration, which removed or minimized the effectiveness of natural ventilation elements in the original design. The research shows that the houses show ‘International Style’ because the natural ventilation design principles were not fully applied in the design and the localized natural ventilation strategies were not fully considered by means of computational simulation in the design stage. Also, the lack of communication between designers and the owners caused the removal of most natural ventilation elements of these houses during the occupancy period. The authors advocate three criteria to avoid failures of natural ventilation design: localized/ climate adaptive design, relationship among design elements and design intention awareness.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Daylighting has an important role in sustainable architecture as it affects the energy consumption in a building. Especially for an office building, daylight helps not only to reduce the load on artificial lighting but also to promote work efficiency through promoting good human health, well-being and user comfort. The objective of this research is to develop an innovative façade design strategy that comes from the development of digital technology and dynamic daylight performance measuring methods. Thus, the various parameters are studied through the computational process of cellular automata (CA) to generate the several alternative opening patterns on the building façade. Each CA design value was tested under static and dynamic sky condition to analyze the quality and quantity of daylight and visual comfort throughout the year. The results were compared to find an optimum alternative design in terms of the daylighting design criteria, from building code, standard and design guidelines for the office building. Finally, research of an adaptive façade design strategy was concluded with the results from the above hybridization of generative and performative design methodology. This study discovers the architectural design approach from the CA and it will make not only progress in building façade esthetics, but also human comfort with building sustainability.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: The impact of climatic change through greenhouse gas emission is a recognized major global crisis. Energy use in residential and commercial buildings is a major part of the total consumption in European countries and is estimated to be ~40% of the total load. Currently, the concept of building retrofit has become a top priority for the UK government in order to meet the national plans for reducing CO 2 emissions by 80% compared with 1990 levels by 2050. This study presents the simulation results for a case study of energy and CO 2 emission savings of a nineteenth century semi-detached building in the UK. The building was refurbished to high standards of energy efficiency, with four simulation scenarios developed for analysis: As-built, As-built 1965, As-reality and post-retrofit. DesignBuilder software was used to simulate the annual energy consumption and carbon emissions in all cases. In addition to this, thermal imaging and air-tightness tests were conducted and the results were used to validate the models. The post-retrofit results showed there is a significant reduction in energy consumption that exceeded 80% with carbon emissions being reduced above 70%. Economic analysis of each retrofit scenario was then undertaken, and results showed payback varied between 9 and 40 years due to the fluctuation in fuel prices and construction retrofit materials. The models indicate performance of the building post-retrofit can be significantly improved in terms of energy reduction and CO 2 emission savings. Further research is being performed to improve performance through field monitoring and installation of innovative retrofit technologies.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: For the purpose of energy conservation, modern buildings are becoming more and more air-tight and generally rely on a mechanical ventilation system. According to the literature, solar air heating systems can contribute in a cost-effective way to the heating and ventilation of utility buildings. Especially cost-efficient, unglazed, façade-integrated solar air collectors seem to be an attractive new market for façade renovation. To demonstrate the technical feasibility of generating heating energy on facades, a demonstration plant based on an unglazed solar air collector was installed in 2013 in the façade of a demonstration building and was intensively studied using energy metering.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: In the UK, finances and resources are invested into the application of new technologies, construction materials and control systems for homes, with the aim of improving energy efficiency. One such example is the experimental BASF house, built to study the thermal performance to achieve a comfortable home that uses energy efficiently. The house includes low to zero carbon (LZC) technologies that are promoted to reach a higher level within the UK Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH). For this study a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design (Creswell JW. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd edn. Sage Publication, 2009; Nataliya VI, Creswell JW, Stick SL. Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: from theory to practice. Field Methods 2006;18:3) that has been developed in the field of social and behavioural sciences has been applied, consisting of two distinctive phases: quantitative and qualitative. The rationale behind is for the quantitative data and its analysis is used to understand system performances while the qualitative data explain the numerical results in-depth, through the subjects in study, the occupants' perceptions. This article presents conclusions from an investigation into the use and performance of a biomass boiler and passive design features, derived from a live-in experience in a well-insulated and airtight CSH Level 4 home over two consecutive winter periods (2008–9 and 2009–10), which is part of on-going research project. The study also discusses a number of issues regarding the effective efficiency and appropriateness of the systems, which were selected based on a desire to comply with regulations for a better rated home rather than on their user friendliness and comfort for the occupants of a sustainable home; jeopardizing people's safety in times.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: This article is concerned with external ventilation levels within a multi-story Housing and Development Board (HDB) residential estate, focusing toward a deeper understanding of wind flow with respect to different levels of height variation (HV). This study analyzed through parametric study, using numerical simulations with the realizable k – turbulence model, the various scenarios of HV within a typical residential HDB estate or precinct. It is found that external wind flow within the precinct for both the pedestrian and mid-height levels are affected differently by the HV value. Some rules of thumbs can be established for HVs in the efficient use of outdoor ventilation.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The role of the materials used in the urban fabric is highly important for the microclimate and the energy loads of the cities. This has led to the research and development of innovative solutions with advanced thermal and optical properties. Thermochromic coatings that are reflective in summertime and absorptive in wintertime can address the demand for lower surface temperatures and energy savings. The function, however, of thermochromic materials in outdoor spaces is complex as they degrade when interacting with solar radiation. Various techniques with UV absorbers and UV filters prove that ultraviolet radiation is not the only parameter that affects thermochromism. This study aims to go one step forward and investigate the factors that destroy the reversible thermochromic circle besides UV radiation. Combinations of UV and optical filters were used on thermochromic coatings applied on concrete tiles under accelerated aging conditions of a one-month period to isolate the parts of solar spectrum that cause the photodegradation. The measurements of reflectance and color prove that the use of UV filter did not improve significantly the dark phase of thermochromic effect, while at the white phase, SR was reduced by 5% and SRvis was reduced by 9.7% compared with the uncovered sample. Covering the sample with red filter, which cuts off wavelengths below 600nm, protects most efficiently the reversible color change of the thermochromic coating as the solar reflectance at the dark phase remains unaffected during the whole experimental period.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: In this report, solar radiation and daylight functions for the analysis of shadows, irradiance and radiant exposure on building facades in urban environments are presented. The functions are fully developed in MS Excel using Visual Basic for Applications.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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