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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    Self-Assembly of Polymers (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays, polymer self-assembly has become extremely attractive for both biological (drug delivery, tissue engineering, scaffolds) and non-biological (packaging, semiconductors) applications. In nature, a number of key biological processes are driven by polymer self-assembly, for instance protein folding. Impressive morphologies can be assembled from polymers thanks to a diverse range of interactions involved, e.g., electrostatics, hydrophobic, hots-guest interactions, etc. Both 2D and 3D tailor-made assemblies can be designed through modern powerful techniques and approaches such as the layer-by-layer and the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, hard and soft templating. This Special Issue highlights contributions (research papers, short communications, review articles) that focus on recent developments in polymer self-assembly for both fundamental understanding the assembly phenomenon and real applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; evaporative self-assembly ; encapsulation ; n/a ; microstructure ; solvent vapor annealing ; drug delivery ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane ; protein adsorption resistance ; photo-sensitive ; calcium carbonate ; fluorescence ; mucin ; polymerisation ; marine exopolysaccharide ; transglutaminases ; porous hydrogel ; adsorption ; aprotinin ; nanoparticle ; calcium alginate ; protamine ; nanocrystalline ; self-assembly ; morphological transformation ; cell culture ; block polymers ; stimuli-responsive polymer ; crosslinking ; mesoporous ; Ti6Al4V ; polymer ; flexible geometric confinement ; layer-by-layer ; surface modification ; co-synthesis ; nanolithography ; CaCO3 ; synthetic polypeptide ; air-liquid interface ; food industry ; stimuli-responsive polymers ; field-effect transistor ; Marangoni convection ; polymer scaffold ; collagen ; biomedicine ; thin films ; controlled release ; tension gradient ; monolayer ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Polymerisation, basicity, oxidation state and their role in ionic modelling of silicate melts (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In order to describe and quantify the reactivity of silicate melts, the ionic notation provided by the Temkin formalism has been historically accepted, giving rise to the study of melt chemical equilibria in terms of completely dissociated ionic species. Indeed, ionic modelling of melts works properly as long as the true extension of the anionic matrix is known. This information may be attained in the framework of the Toop-Samis (1962a,b) model, through a parameterisation of the acid-base properties of the dissolved oxides. Moreover, by combining the polymeric model of Toop and Samis with the «group basicity» concept of Duffy and Ingram (1973, 1974a,b, 1976) the bulk optical basicity (Duffy and Ingram, 1971; Duffy, 1992) of molten silicates and glasses can be split into two distinct contributions, i.e. the basicity of the dissolved basic oxides and the basicity of the polymeric units. Application to practical cases, such as the assessment of the oxidation state of iron, require bridging of the energetic gap between the standard state of completely dissociated component (Temkin standard state) and the standard state of pure melt component at P and T of interest. On this basis it is possible to set up a preliminary model for iron speciation in both anhydrous and hydrous aluminosilicate melts. In the case of hydrous melts, I introduce both acidic and basic dissociation of the water component, requiring the combined occurrence of H+ cations, OH- free anions and, to a very minor extent, of T-OH groups. The amphoteric behaviour of water revealed by this study is therefore in line with the earlier prediction of Fraser (1975).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: polymerisation ; basicity ; oxidationstate ; water speciation ; Temkin model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
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    An experimental study on the pressure dependence of viscosity in silicate melts (2010)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effect of pressure on melt viscosity was investigated for five compositions along the join An(CaAl2Si2O8)–Di(CaMgSi2O6) and four alkali silicates containing lithium, sodium, and potassium in constant ratio of ∼ 1:1:1, but alkali-silica ratios are varying. The experiments were performed in an internally heated gas pressure vessel at pressures from 50 to 400 MPa in the viscosity range from 108 to 1011.5 Pa⋅s using parallel plate viscometry. The polymerized An composition shows a negative pressure dependence of viscosity while the other, more depolymerized compositions of the join An–Di have neutral to positive pressure coefficients. The alkali silicates display neutral to slightly positive pressure coefficients for melt viscosity. These findings in the high viscosity range of 108–1011 Pa⋅s, where pressure appears to be more efficient than in low viscous melts at high temperature, are consistent with previous results on the viscosity of polymerized to depolymerized melts in the system NaAlSi3O8–CaMgSi2O6 by Behrens and Schulze [ H. Behrens and F. Schulze, Am. Mineral. 88, 1351 (2003) ]. Thus we confirm that the sign of the pressure coefficient for viscosity is mainly related to the degree of melt polymerization in silicate and aluminosilicate melts.
    Description: DFG Grant n.°BE1720/9
    Description: Published
    Description: 044504-14
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: viscosity ; polymerisation ; anorthite ; diopside ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic polymerization of 5-mercuriuridine-5'-diphosphate with polynucleotide phosphorylase from E. coli
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 66 (1984), S. 645-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: derives mercures ; mercurated polymers ; mercury derivative ; polymeres mercures ; polymerisation ; polymerization ; ppUHgX or pUHgX ; ppUHgX ou pUHgX
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0300-9084(84)90119-6
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylmethyl) acrylophenone dihydrochloride: a new antimicrotubular drug
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 66 (1984), S. 477-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: antimicrotubular drugs ; microtubules ; microtubules ; polymerisation ; polymerization ; produits anti-microtubulaires ; tubulin ; tubuline
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0300-9084(84)90083-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibrinogen and fibrin in strong magnetic fields. Complementary results and discussion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 66 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: fibrin ; fibrin monomers ; fibrine ; fibrinogen ; fibrinogene ; magnetic orientation ; monomeres de fibrine ; orientation magnetique ; polymerisation ; polymerization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(84)90183-4
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis and plasma chemistry at solid surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 3 (1996), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: plasmas ; catalysis ; polymerisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heterogeneous and homogeneous non-equilibrium plasma chemistry offers a range of potential advantages compared to conventional thermal activation and synthesis methods. Some examples of how such low temperature electrical discharges can be effectively utilised for selective chemical reaction pathways are given. These include the fluorination of C-H bonds, the synthesis of polyozonides, selective ring opening polymerisation, and the conversion of alkali metal halides to nitrates using air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerisation of styrene using Y, USY and β zeolites as catalysts (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 51 (1998), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: beta ; polymerisation ; polystyrene ; styrene ; USY ; zeolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The homopolymerisation of styrene is studied in the presence of Y, USY and beta zeolites. High molecular weight polymers, in the range 0.7 × 106–1 × 106, are obtained in good yields. The activity of zeolite beta is only slightly increased by calcination of the as-synthesised material, pointing to an important role of the zeolite outer surface. The influence of the catalyst acidity upon the polymer molecular weight is evaluated by the use of dealuminated zeolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019097303858
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis of PMMA/gel silica glass composites (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 7 (1996), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: gel silica glass ; thermal analysis ; glass transition temperature ; polymerisation ; poly-methylmethacrylate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal analysis of poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) impregnated porous gel silica glasses confirms that the PMMA chains form hydrogen bonds with the pore surface silanol groups. The adopted conditions for the insitu polymerisation result in about 4% of residual monomers trapped in the polymer, most of them in the amorphous structure. The polymer and monomer mixture takes up the whole of the free pore volume. Most of the residual monomer polymerises during the DSC scans above the glass transition temperature providing an excellent probe for the weak glass transition. Polymerisation in the gel silica glass medium affects the glass transition temperature, the length of polymer chains, and the degree of polymerisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A density functional study of Ti/MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts (1999)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 9 (1999), S. 235-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Ziegler–Natta ; density functional theory ; adsorption ; polymerisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Total energy pseudopotential calculations have been used to examine the adsorption of TiCl4 at both the 110 and 100 surfaces of magnesium chloride. Titanium(IV) chloride is found to bind most strongly on the 100 surface resulting in the formation of a complex with approximately trigonal bipyramidal coordination of titanium, which will dissociate to form TiCl 3 + and Cl− with an energy of 127.7 kJ mol−1. Cluster calculations indicate that this site only weakly binds ethene, but does catalyse the formation of C–C bonds with an activation energy consistent with experimental estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019174908887
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Sol-Gel Derived Ormosil Films for Photonics from Tetramethoxysilane and Trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: ormosil ; trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate ; near-infrared spectra ; polymerisation ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ormosil dipped thin films and cast films were prepared using tetramethoxysilane and trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (TMSPM). Structural changes during thermally induced polymerisation of the organic groups were investigated using near- and mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy. IR spectra of the ormosil dipped thin films, dried at 60°C, have shown that further heat-treatment of the films at 160°C leads to the free radical polymerisation of C=C bonds in TMSPM. In the mid-infrared spectra, the intensity of the band at around 3500 cm−1, due to O–H bonds, increased with the progress of polymerisation of vinyl groups. Near-infrared spectra of the cast films showed that this increase in intensity of the O–H band is due to the increase of monomeric water molecules hydrogen bonded to silanols. We suggest that optical loss measurements must be made in a dry atmosphere or, with a cover coating to protect the ormosil from adsorption of water, to reduce this source of optical loss for waveguides based on TMSPM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008714806606
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphonate buffers affect the recovery of microtubule-associated proteins MAP1 and MAP2: Evidence that MAP1A promotes microtubule assembly (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 234-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: micotubules ; tubulin ; polymerisation ; MAP isoforms ; high-molecular weight MAPs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The influence of two commonly used sulphonate buffers, PIPES and MES, on the in vitro assembly of bovine brain microtubule protein was examined. Microtubule assembly was monitored by turbimetry and, after centrifugation, the polymerised protein was analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Assembly in MES when compared with PIPES resulted in a higher recovery of microtubule proteins at both pH 6.4 and pH 6.9 and in an altered protein composition. The buffer pH affected the total amount of protein polymerized but did not significantly affect the protein composition. At both pH conditions the recovery of HMW-MAPs was markedly increased in MES buffer and this increase was mostly due to an increase in the amount of MAP1. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250304
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural aspects of suspension poly(vinyl chloride): Influence of temperature on the macro- and microstructure (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(vinyl chloride) ; polymerisation ; conversion ; tacticity ; molar mass ; polymerization temperature ; microstructure ; macrostructure ; wide angle x-ray scattering ; small-angle neutron scattering ; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller absorption technique ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structural aspects of rigid suspension poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, have been investigated on the basis of two independent series of suspension PVC samples, polymerized at temperatures between 26 and 84°C. The reproducibility of the suspension polymerization process and the importance of the polymerization temperature with respect to the macro- and microstructure is demonstrated. Quantitative examination of the grain structure by small angle neutron scattering, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller absorption technique, and mercury porosimetry clarifies the gradual increase of the specific surface on lowering the polymerization temperature. A detailed WAXS study shows an increasing degree of crystallinity on lowering the polymerization temperature, which can be associated with the corresponding increase of the syndiotacticity. Furthermore, the presence of a polymerization history in the PVC powders with respect to the crystallinity is evidenced. This effect seems to be related to chain mobility restrictions during the polymerization process and is determined by the difference between the polymerization temperature and the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of rigid PVC. This so-called Tg effect is indicative of the fact that no appreciable swelling of PVC by its monomer occurs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320113
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid state NMR study of the polymerisation of poly(ether sulphone) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 33 (1994), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(ether sulphones) ; PES ; NMR ; CPMAS ; polymerisation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of poly(ether sulphone) using the ‘carbonate’ route based on the reaction of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulphone, 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulphone and potassium carbonate dispersed in diphenylsulphone has been studied by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. In the initial reaction the half potassium salt of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulphone is formed. No evidence for a stable full salt was found at any time during the polymerisation cycle and no appreciable oligomer formation took place before the polymerisation itself took place.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210330314
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of debromination in solution polymerisation of copper(I) 4-bromobenzenethiolate (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 33 (1994), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(1,4-phenylene sulphide) ; copper(I) 4-bromobenzenethiolate ; debromination ; polymerisation ; molar mass ; high-temperature viscometry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Debromination of poly(1,4-phenylene sulphide), PPS, chains during formation by solution polymerisation of copper(I) 4-bromobenzenethiolate, CBT, in quinoline and quinoline/pyridine mixtures at temperatures in the range 180-225°C has been investigated. The results are consistent with previously-reported model compound studies and show that debromination is insignificant if the polymerisation temperatures is ≤ 200°C. Pyridine was shown not to be essential for the formation of high molar mass PPS. The optimum conditions for preparing high molar mass PPS in high yield with no significant debromination were polymerisation of CBT at a concentration of 1.0 mol dm-3 in dry quinoline under a flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere at a controlled temperature of 200°C for about 24 h.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210330103
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiation of vinyl polymerization by polysilanes (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Polysilanes ; photoinitiation ; polymerisation ; vinyl monomers ; thin films ; photolysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polysilanes were found to photoinitiate the polymerization of a variety of vinyl monomers including methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Polymerization initiated by polysilane photolysis is rather insensitive to oxygen inhibition, which may make it especially suitable for polymerization of thin films. The initiation efficiency of poly(phenylmethylsilylene) in styrene was determined from dilatometry data to be 1 × 10-3. This rather low efficiency is counterbalanced by the very high extinction coefficient of polysilane polymers, ca. 4-8 × 103 per silicon atom. Possible reasons for the low initiation efficiency and reduced oxygen inhibition of polysilane photoinitiators are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010103
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