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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (6)
  • viscosity
  • MISCELLANEA INGV  (3)
  • Elsevier Ltd.  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics
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  • 1
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    MED-SUV project: First results and ongoing activities of WP 5 – Task 5.1. Characterization of the threatening phenomena from space and ground (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Explosive events, lava-fountains and effusions frequently characterize eruptive activity at Etna. Consequently, the town of Catania and many local municipalities are potentially exposed to ash fallout and lava flows. Besides volcanic hazard, earthquakes and landslides affect this volcanic region as well. The Task 5.1 of the European project "MED-SUV'' (Grant Agreement n°. 308665) deals with the observation of these threatening phenomena from space and ground and their characterization and understanding. The Task encompasses six subtasks, which focus on and analyze the aforementioned hazards in terms of their characteristics, duration and spatial dimension: • Test cases for significant eruptive events have been defined by the subtask 5.1.1. The time span from 2005 to 2011 was chosen for its wealth of eruptive episodes and their well-documented evolution; • The mapping of eruptive products from satellite data will allow us the improvement of the interpretation and modeling of the mechanisms of cone-forming and lava flow emplacement. This topic is developed in the subtask 5.1.2; • Multidisciplinary experiments are planned in the subtask 5.1.3, and will be carried out at the North­ East Crater in July 2014; • Another important deliverable is given by tools of data mining proposed by the subtask 5.1.4. These tools will be available for the analysis of parameters of whatever nature (e.g., geochemical, geophysical), providing they are processed in numerical format; • The subtask 5.1.5 provides a characterization of the volcanic plume and eruptive products, with an integrated analysis of atmospheric, satellite and ground-based measurements, which play an important role in ash-cloud dispersal models; • The sub 5.1.6 focuses on landslide susceptibility analysis and zoning. The goal will be to highlight the regional distribution of potentially unstable slopes based on a detailed study of the factors responsible for landslides.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; threatening phenomena ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 2
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    Comparison between different methodologies for detecting Radon in soil along an active fault: the case of the Pernicana fault system, Mt. Etna (Italy) (2009)
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Three different methodologies were used to measure Radon (222Rn) in soil, based on both passive and active detection system. The first technique consisted of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD), CR-39 type, and allowed integrated measurements. The second one consisted of a portable device for short time measurements. The last consisted of a continuous measurement device for extended monitoring, placed in selected sites. Soil 222Rn activity was measured together with soil Thoron (220Rn) and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux, and it was compared with the content of radionuclides in the rocks. Two different soil gas horizontal transects were investigated across the Pernicana fault system (NE flank of Mount Etna), from November 2006 to April 2007. The results obtained with the three methodologies are in a general agreement with each other and reflect the tectonic settings of the investigated study area. The lowest 222Rn values were recorded just on the fault plane, and relatively higher values were recorded a few tens of meters from the fault axis on both of its sides. This pattern could be explained as a dilution effect resulting from high rates of soil CO2 efflux. Time variations of 222Rn activity were mostly linked to atmospheric influences, whereas no significant correlation with the volcanic activity was observed. In order to further investigate regional radon distributions, spot measurements were made to identify sites having high Rn emissions that could subsequently be monitored for temporal radon variations.. SSNTD measurements allow for extended-duration monitoring of a relatively large number of sites, although with some loss of temporal resolution due to their long integration time. Continuous monitoring probes are optimal for detailed time monitoring, but because of their expense, they can best be used to complement the information acquired with SSNTD in a network of monitored sites..
    Description: Work founded by Istututo Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Dipartimento Protezione Civile, Italy
    Description: Published
    Description: 178-185
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Soil Radon and Thoron activity ; soil CO2 efflux ; Pernicana fault system ; volcano-tectonic monitoring ; Mount Etna ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Spatial distribution of soil radon as a tool to recognize active faulting on an active volcano: the example of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2011)
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study concerns measurements of radon and thoron emissions from soil carried out in 2004 on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna, in a zone characterized by the presence of numerous seismogenic and aseismic faults. The statistical treatment of the geochemical data allowed recognizing anomaly thresholds for both parameters and producing distribution maps that highlighted a significant spatial correlation between soil gas anomalies and tectonic lineaments. The seismic activity occurring in and around the study area during 2004 was analyzed, producing maps of hypocentral depth and released seismic energy. Both radon and thoron anomalies were located in areas affected by relatively deep (5e10 km depth) seismic activity, while less evident correlation was found between soil gas anomalies and the released seismic energy. This study confirms that mapping the distribution of radon and thoron in soil gas can reveal hidden faults buried by recent soil cover or faults that are not clearly visible at the surface. The correlation between soil gas data and earthquakes depth and intensity can give some hints on the source of gas and/or on fault dynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 863-870
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: radon ; fault ; seismic hazard ; Etna ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Mt. Etna Test Cases for MED-SUV project. (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of MED-SUV, WP5 is in charge of studying Mt. Etna's volcanic activity. We defmed periods and phenomena of the volcano activity to be used by the WP5 partners as Test Cases in the time window 2005-2011 i.e. that of the data available in the MED-SUV database. Overall, characterisation of eruptive activity and/or periods of quiescence will improve our knowledge on the geophysical and geochemical processes taking place inside Mt. Etna's volcanic system. These processes to be characterized include: • magma formation and evolution, • conditions of storage and transfer of magma in reservoirs at different levels within the crust; • physical and chemical interaction of magma with surrounding rocks and fracture/fault systems and their effects at the surface; • opening of eruptive vents/fissures as well as eruptive processes (including the formation and evolution of lava fields, volcanic plumes, pyroclastic fallout, etc.). The joint effort around the Test Cases will help the WP5 team addressing key questions such as: • what has determined changes of Mt. Etna eruptive style (mainly effusive vs. short-lasting, frequent paroxysmal events) in the last decades? • how is the shallow plumbing system (-1-4 km from the summit) structured? What are the processes occurring in this portion of the volcano feeding system and the key parameters controlling these processes? How does magma behave at shallow depths? • what is the suitability of cross-correlated parameters/models for shedding light on the relationship between shallow (〈5-6 km) earthquakes of the eastern flank ofMt. Etna and volcanic activity (if any)? For such questions, analysing carefully the periods of "quiescence" that precede eruptions is not less important than analyzing the eruptions themselves.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; test cases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
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    Factors Controlling the Transition from Strombolian Explosions to Lava Fountaining at Mount Etna: a Mass- and Energy-Constrained Model from the 2013 Paroxysmal Activity (2015)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-03
    Description: A multidisciplinary approach based on image analysis of seismic signals, thermodynamics and mass balance has been here adopted to find quantitative relations between magma degassing at depth and the transition from Strombolian activity to lava fountaining for a set of paroxysmal eruptions occurred at Mt. Etna volcano in March-April 2013. The image processing of the seismogram allows handling of a huge quantity of data, providing a tool for the simple extraction of numerical values. We propose a model based on the consideration that gas outbursts are a vehicle of the transfer of energy tracked by seismic signals during the uprising of magma. Thus, the simple assumption of a relation of proportionality between the energy of the seismic signal and the mass of exsolved gas allows us to interpret transitions of the eruptive style as due to the amount of undegassed magma recharging the feeding system. Changes of this recharge rate in the range of 1:20 control the evolution of the eruptive process, and are evidence for the limited area section of the feeding conduit. Being this transition process observed in volcanic regions worldwide, the model can be successfully applied to other basaltic volcanoes. Furthermore, the image analysis technique may be applied to other contexts in which the interpretation of seismograms is necessary.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; magma degassing ; modelling ; image processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    An experimental study on the pressure dependence of viscosity in silicate melts (2010)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effect of pressure on melt viscosity was investigated for five compositions along the join An(CaAl2Si2O8)–Di(CaMgSi2O6) and four alkali silicates containing lithium, sodium, and potassium in constant ratio of ∼ 1:1:1, but alkali-silica ratios are varying. The experiments were performed in an internally heated gas pressure vessel at pressures from 50 to 400 MPa in the viscosity range from 108 to 1011.5 Pa⋅s using parallel plate viscometry. The polymerized An composition shows a negative pressure dependence of viscosity while the other, more depolymerized compositions of the join An–Di have neutral to positive pressure coefficients. The alkali silicates display neutral to slightly positive pressure coefficients for melt viscosity. These findings in the high viscosity range of 108–1011 Pa⋅s, where pressure appears to be more efficient than in low viscous melts at high temperature, are consistent with previous results on the viscosity of polymerized to depolymerized melts in the system NaAlSi3O8–CaMgSi2O6 by Behrens and Schulze [ H. Behrens and F. Schulze, Am. Mineral. 88, 1351 (2003) ]. Thus we confirm that the sign of the pressure coefficient for viscosity is mainly related to the degree of melt polymerization in silicate and aluminosilicate melts.
    Description: DFG Grant n.°BE1720/9
    Description: Published
    Description: 044504-14
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: viscosity ; polymerisation ; anorthite ; diopside ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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