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  • Articles  (6)
  • Cell Biology  (2)
  • doped ceriadisorderpair distribution functionhigh-resolution X-ray powder diffractionpercolationhierarchysolid electrolyteselectron spin resonance  (2)
  • high-pressure barium phasesincommensurately modulated structuresBa IVbatomic density waveshost–guest structures  (2)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (4)
  • Cell Press  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics
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  • Articles  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hirst, W. G., Kiefer, C., Abdosamadi, M. K., Schäffer, E., & Reber, S. In Vitro reconstitution and imaging of microtubule dynamics by fluorescence and label-free microscopy. STAR Protocols, 1(3), (2020): 100177, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100177.
    Description: Dynamic microtubules are essential for many processes in the lives of eukaryotic cells. To study and understand the mechanisms of microtubule dynamics and regulation, in vitro reconstitution with purified components has proven a vital approach. Imaging microtubule dynamics can be instructive for a given species, isoform composition, or biochemical modification. Here, we describe two methods that visualize microtubule dynamics at high speed and high contrast: (1) total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and (2) label-free interference reflection microscopy.
    Description: We thank the AMBIO imaging facility (Charité, Berlin) and Nikon at MBL for imaging support. We thank all former and current members of the Reber lab for discussion and helpful advice, in particular Christoph Hentschel and Soma Zsoter for technical assistance. S.R. acknowledges funding by the IRI Life Sciences (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Excellence Initiative/DFG). W.H. was supported by the Alliance Berlin Canberra co-funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2290 and the Australian National University. C.K. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG, JA 2589/1-1). C.K. and M.A. thank Steve Simmert and Tobias Jachowski former and current members of the Schäffer lab.
    Keywords: Biophysics ; Cell Biology ; Microscopy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geisterfer, Z. M., Oakey, J., & Gatlin, J. C. . Microfluidic encapsulation of Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts using hydrogel photolithography. STAR Protocols, 1(3), (2020): 100221, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100221.
    Description: Cell-free extract derived from the eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis is a well-established model system that has been used historically in bulk aliquots. Here, we describe a microfluidic approach for isolating discrete, biologically relevant volumes of cell-free extract, with more expansive and precise control of extract shape compared with extract-oil emulsions. This approach is useful for investigating the mechanics of intracellular processes affected by cell geometry or cytoplasmic volume, including organelle scaling and positioning mechanisms. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Geisterfer et al. (2020).
    Description: This work was made possible by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant no. 2P20GM103432. It was also supported by additional funding provided by the NIGMS under grant no. R01GM113028, the NSF Faculty CAREER Program under award no. BBBE 1254608, Whitman Center fellowships at the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Biomedical Scholars program of the Pew Charitable Trusts. We thank Drs. Aaron Groen and Tim Mitchison for their intellectual contributions and involvement in some of the pioneering experiments that set the foundation for this approach.
    Keywords: Biophysics ; Cell Biology ; Cell isolation ; Microscopy ; Model Organisms
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    In: IUCrJ
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Keywords: high-pressure barium phasesincommensurately modulated structuresBa IVbatomic density waveshost–guest structures
    Electronic ISSN: 2052-2525
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: A new hierarchical approach is presented for elucidating the structural disorder in Ce1−xGdxO2−x/2 solid solutions on different scale lengths. The primary goal of this investigation is to shed light on the relations between the short-range and the average structure of these materials via an analysis of disorder on the mesocopic scale. Real-space (pair distribution function) and reciprocal-space (Rietveld refinement and microstructure probing) analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data and electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations were carried out following this approach. On the local scale, Gd- and Ce-rich droplets (i.e. small regions a few ångströms wide) form, exhibiting either a distorted fluorite (CeO2) or a C-type (Gd2O3) structure in the whole compositional range. These droplets can then form C-type nanodomains which, for Gd concentrations xGd ≤ 0.25, are embedded in the fluorite matrix. At the site percolation threshold pC for a cubic lattice (xGd = pC ≃ 0.311), C-type nanodomains percolate inside each crystallite and a structural phase transformation is observed. When this occurs, the peak-to-peak ESR line width ΔHpp shows a step-like behaviour, which can be associated with the increase in Gd–Gd dipolar interactions. A general crystallographic rationale is presented to explain the fluorite-to-C-type phase transformation. The approach shown here could be adopted more generally in the analysis of disorder in other highly doped materials.
    Keywords: doped ceriadisorderpair distribution functionhigh-resolution X-ray powder diffractionpercolationhierarchysolid electrolyteselectron spin resonance
    Electronic ISSN: 2052-2525
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    In: IUCrJ
    Publication Date: 2015-08-23
    Keywords: doped ceriadisorderpair distribution functionhigh-resolution X-ray powder diffractionpercolationhierarchysolid electrolyteselectron spin resonance
    Electronic ISSN: 2052-2525
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-01-21
    Description: The host–guest structures of elements at high pressure discovered a decade ago still leave many open questions due to the lack of precise models based on full exploitation of the diffraction data. This concerns in particular Ba IV, which is stable in the range 12–45 GPa. With the example of phase Ba IVb, which is characterized here for the first time, a systematic analysis is presented of possible host–guest structure models based on high-quality single-crystal diffraction data obtained with synchrotron radiation at six different pressures between 16.5 and 19.6 GPa. It is shown that a new incommensurately modulated (IM) structure model better fits the experimental data. Unlike the composite models which are commonly reported for the Ba IV phases, the IM model reveals a density wave and its pressure-dependent evolution. The crucial role played by the selected model in the interpretation of structure evolution under pressure is discussed. The findings give a new experimental basis for a better understanding of the nature of host–guest structures.
    Keywords: high-pressure barium phasesincommensurately modulated structuresBa IVbatomic density waveshost–guest structures
    Electronic ISSN: 2052-2525
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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