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  • Articles  (126,698)
  • Springer  (93,424)
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  • 1
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 176-191 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract When all the functions that define a convex program are positively homogeneous, then a dual convex program can be constructed which is defined in terms of the primal data only (the primal variables do not appear). Furthermore, the dualizing process, carried out on the dual program, yields the primal. Several well-known examples of convex programs with explicit duals are shown to be special cases.
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  • 2
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 230-244 
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    Notes: Abstract New results concerning the family of random searches as proposed by Rastrigin are presented. In particular, the random search with reversals and two optimized relative step size random searches are investigated. Random searches with reversals are found to be substantially better than their counterparts. A new principle of updating the step size for this family of searches is proposed.
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  • 3
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 245-262 
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    Notes: Abstract For a bimatrix game one may visualize two bounded polyhedronsX andY, one for each player. OnX × Y one may visualize, as a graphG, the set of almost-complementary points (see text). $$\bar G$$ consists of an even number of nodes, one for each complementary point (one for the origin, others corresponding to extreme points which are equilibrium points); arcs (extreme point paths of almost complementary points); and possibly loops (paths with no equilibrium points). Shapley has shown that one may assign indices (+) and (−) to nodes, and directions called (+) and (−) to arcs or loops in such a way that, leaving a (+) node one moves always in a (+) direction, terminating at a (−) node. Indices and directions for a point are determined knowing only the point. In this paper, these concepts are generalized to labelled pseudomanifolds. An integer labelling of the vertices identifies theG-set of almost-completely labelled simplexes. It is shown that in order for theG-set of any labelling to be directed as above it is necessary and sufficient that the pseudomanifold be orientable. Realized examples for situations of current interest are also developed.
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  • 4
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 322-346 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper introduces theoretical measures of efficiency for triangulations used in computing fixed points. The measures, for both regular triangulations ofR n and those with continuous refinement of grid size, are based on an average count of the number of simplices met by straight line segments. The computation of these measures is facilitated by a description of the facets as well as the vertices of a triangulation. We give a simple description of a modification of Eaves' and Saigal's K3 and compute the measures of efficiency of three regular triangulations ofR n and two triangulations of (0, 1] ×R n with continuous refinement of grid size, including the modified K3.
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  • 5
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 367-378 
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    Notes: Abstract The availability of an LP routine where we can add constraints and reoptimize, makes it possible to adopt an integer programming approach to the travelling-salesman problem. Starting with some of the constraints that define the problem we use either a branching process or a cutting planes routine to eliminate fractional solutions. We then test the resulting integer solution against feasibility and if necessary we generate the violated constraints and reoptimize until a “genuine” feasible solution is achieved. Usually only a small number of the omitted constraints is generated. The generality of the method and the modest solution times achieved leads us to believe that such an LP approach to other combinatorial problems deserves further consideration.
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  • 6
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 409-412 
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  • 7
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 32-51 
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    Notes: Abstract Convergence properties of restarted conjugate gradient methods are investigated for the case where the usual requirement that an exact line search be performed at each iteration is relaxed. The objective function is assumed to have continuous second derivatives and the eigenvalues of the Hessian are assumed to be bounded above and below by positive constants. It is further assumed that a Lipschitz condition on the second derivatives is satisfied at the location of the minimum. A class of descent methods is described which exhibitn-step quadratic convergence when restarted even though errors are permitted in the line search. It is then shown that two conjugate gradient methods belong to this class.
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  • 8
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 67-80 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper two algorithms, of the feasible-directions and dual feasible-directions type, are presented for optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints. An associated problem, having only inequality constraints, is defined, and shown to be equivalent to the original problem if a certain parameter is sufficiently large. The algorithms solve the associated problem, but incorporate a method for automatically increasing this parameter in order to ensure global convergence to a solution to the original problem. Any feasible directions algorithm can be similarly modified to enable it to handle equality constraints.
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  • 9
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 263-282 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper sufficient conditions for local and superlinear convergence to a Kuhn—Tucker point are established for a class of algorithms which may be broadly defined and comprise a quadratic programming algorithm for repeated solution of a subproblem and a variable metric update to develop the Hessian in the subproblem. In particular the DFP update and an update attributed to Powell are shown to provide a superlinear convergent subclass of algorithms provided a start is made sufficiently close to the solution and the initial Hessian in the subproblem is sufficiently close to the Hessian of the Lagrangian at this point.
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  • 10
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 301-301 
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  • 11
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 173-194 
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    Notes: Abstract The Bilinear Programming Problem is a structured quadratic programming problem whose objective function is, in general, neither convex nor concave. Making use of the formal linearity of a dual formulation of the problem, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for optimality, and an algorithm to find an optimal solution.
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  • 12
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 110-130 
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    Notes: Abstract A complementarity problem is said to be globally uniquely solvable (GUS) if it has a unique solution, and this property will not change, even if any constant term is added to the mapping generating the problem. A characterization of the GUS property which generalizes a basic theorem in linear complementarity theory is given. Known sufficient conditions given by Cottle, Karamardian, and Moré for the nonlinear case are also shown to be generalized. In particular, several open questions concerning Cottle's condition are settled and a new proof is given for the sufficiency of this condition. A simple characterization for the two-dimensional case and a necessary condition for then-dimensional case are also given.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 141-147 
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    Notes: Abstract Davidon [1] provides a variable metric algorithm for minimization calculations that achieves quadratic termination without any line searches by a method that uses positive definite second derivative approximations. We give a new and elementary proof of these termination properties. It shows the great freedom allowed by the algorithm in the choice of search directions and it explains the effect of a restart procedure.
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  • 14
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 155-155 
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 226-240 
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    Notes: Abstract Transportation and assignment models have been widely used in many applications. Their use was motivated, among other reasons, by the existence of efficient solution methods and their occurrence as sub-problems in the solution of combinatorial problems. A previous study [10] observed that, in large-scale Transportation and Assignment Problems, 95 percent of the pivots were zero or degenerate pivots. This study investigates the ratio of zero pivots to the total number of pivots and verifies the above observation under conditions of small rim variability. Rules are introduced that pay special attention to the zero pivot phenomenon, and significantly reduce CPU time in both phase-1 (generating the initial basic feasible solution) and in phase-2 (selecting the variable leaving the base and the variable entering the base). When these rules were applied, they reduced the CPU time substantially: a 500×500 assignment problem was solved in 1.3 seconds.
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  • 16
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 279-280 
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  • 17
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 281-284 
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    Keywords: Nonlinear programming ; Augmented Lagrangian functions ; Sensitivity analysis
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 328-343 
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    Notes: Abstract Some theorems are given which relate to approximating and establishing the existence of solutions to systemsF(x) = y ofn equations inn unknowns, for variousy, in a region of euclideann-space E n . They generalize known theorems. Viewing complementarity problems and fixed-point problems as examples, known results or generalizations of known results are obtained. A familiar use is made of homotopies H: E n × [0, 1]→E n of the formH(x, t) = (1 −t)F 0 (x) + t[F(x) − y] where theF 0 in this paper is taken to be linear. Simplicial subdivisionsT k of E n × [0, 1] furnish piecewise linear approximatesG k toH. The basic computation is via the generation of piecewise linear curvesP k which satisfyG k (x, t) = 0. Visualizing a sequence {T k } of such subdivisions, with mesh size going to zero, arguments are made on connected, compact limiting curvesP on whichH(x, t) = 0. This paper builds upon and continues recent work of C.B. Garcia.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 361-371 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Simplex Method ; Linear Programming ; Steepest-edge ; LU Factorization
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown that suitable recurrences may be used in order to implement in practice the steepest-edge simplex linear programming algorithm. In this algorithm each iteration is along an edge of the polytope of feasible solutions on which the objective function decreases most rapidly with respect to distance in the space of all the variables. Results of computer comparisons on medium-scale problems indicate that the resulting algorithm requires less iterations but about the same overall time as the algorithm of Harris [8], which may be regarded as approximating the steepest-edge algorithm. Both show a worthwhile advantage over the standard algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 423-423 
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 60-66 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper generalizes the answers that were given by R.W. Cottle to questions that were originally raised by G. Maier. Essentially, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for some notions of monotonicity of solutions for the parametric linear complementarity problem. Our proofs are direct ones and not algorithmic, as Cottle's proofs are, and also cover a broader class of matrices.
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  • 22
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 330-342 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Global Optimization ; Random Search ; Convergence ; Sequential Minimization ; Lipschitz Functions ; Stochastic Programming
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    Notes: Abstract A sequential random search method for the global minimization of a continuous function is proposed. The algorithm gradually concentrates the random search effort on areas neighboring the global minima. A modification is included for the case that the function cannot be exactly evaluated. The global convergence and the asymptotical optimality of the sequential sampling procedure are proved for both the stochastic and deterministic optimization problem.
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 364-364 
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 1-11 
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    Keywords: APL-Codes ; Polytope ; Point Set ; Vertices ; Faces ; Facets ; Quadratic Programming ; Distance ; Decomposition
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    Notes: Abstract Methods are described and APL-codes are supplied to find vertices, edges, other faces and facets of polytopes given by point sets. The basic subroutine is a simplicial decomposition version of least distance, i.e. quadratic, programming. Computational experience indicates high efficiency.
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 261-261 
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 111-126 
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    Keywords: Least Element ; Linear Complementarity ; Quadratic Programs ; Special Structure ; Applications ; Computational Experience
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    Notes: Abstract The present paper studies the linear complementarity problem of finding vectorsx andy inR + n such thatc + Dx + y ≧ 0,b − x ≧ 0 andx T (c + Dx + y) = y T (b − x) = 0 whereD is aZ-matrix andb 〉 0. Complementarity problems of this nature arise, for example, from the minimization of certain quadratic functions subject to upper and lower bounds on the variables. Two least-element characterizations of solutions to the above linear complementarity problem are established first. Next, a new and direct method to solve this class of problems, which depends on the idea of “least-element solution” is presented. Finally, applications and computational experience with its implementation are discussed.
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 139-139 
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 190-209 
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    Keywords: Algorithm ; Piecewise Linear ; Complementary Pivot ; Equilibrium Model ; Trade ; Production Prices ; Linear Programming ; Fixed Point Methods
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    Notes: Abstract The general equilibrium model is approximated as a piecewise linear convex model and solved from the point of view of welfare economics using linear programming and fixed point methods.
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 260-260 
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 263-263 
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Complementarity Problem ; Computational Results ; Structural Engineering ; Applications ; Portfolio Selection ; Actuarial Graduation
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we discuss three applications of a class of (parametric) linear complementarity problems arising independently from such diverse areas as portfolio selection, structural engineering and actuarial graduation. After explaining how the complementarity problems emerge in these applications, we perform some analytical comparisons (based on operation counts and storage requirements) of several existing algorithms for solving this class of complementarity problems. We shall also present computational results to support the analytical comparisons. Finally, we deduce some conclusions about the general performance of these algorithms.
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 58-67 
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    Notes: Abstract The discussion will center mainly on some work on two solution concepts: the core for gaines without side payments and the nucleolus for games with side payments (characteristic funtion games). The core has become an important equilibrium concept in mathematical economics. The nucleolus is related to the theory of bargaining sets.
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 117-120 
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 123-125 
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 153-167 
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    Notes: Abstract We consider a quadratic program equivalent to the general problem of minimizing a convex quadratic function of many variables subject to linear inequality constraints. In previous work [12], one of us presented an algorithm related to such problems, and classified them under “combinatorial equivalence”. The classification contained linear programs at one end (where the function has zero quadratic part) and least-distance programs at the other. A least-distance program is a problem of finding a point of a convex polyhedron which is at least distance from a given point; such programs have been studied by one of us [15, 17] and were shown to correspond to that case of the general problem where the function has positive definite quadratic part. We now extend the work on least-distance programs to those programs intermediate between linear and least-distance (called “essentially bisymmetric” in [12]), and show that such programs are really “hybrids”, with traits inherited from both parent programs: linear and leastdistance.
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    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 275-290 
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm is given for solving the optimum potential problem, which is the dual of the classical “out-of-kilter” algorithm for flow problems. Moreover, a new proof of finiteness is provided, which holds even for non-rational data; it applies to all the algorithms of network theory which include a labeling process.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 199-199 
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 203-203 
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 252-262 
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    Notes: Abstract InR 1, if a continuous function has opposite signs at the endpoints of an interval, then the function has a zero in the interval. If the function has a nonvanishing derivative at a zero, then there is an interval such that the function has opposite signs at the endpoints. In this paper each of these results is extended toR n .
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 283-290 
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    Notes: Abstract The notion of quasi-differentiability is examined and related to fractional programming. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given and various other properties of quasi-differentiable functions are discussed. Differentiability is not assumed.
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 111-123 
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    Notes: Abstract An axiomatic theory of linear operators can be constructed for abstract spaces defined over (R, ⊕, ⊗), that is over the (extended) real numbersR with the binary operationsx ⊕ y = max (x,y) andx ⊗ y = x + y. Many of the features of conventional linear operator theory can be reproduced in this theory, although the proof techniques are quite different. Specialisation of the theory to spaces ofn-tuples provides techniques for analysing a number of well-known operational research problems, whilst specialisation to function spaces provides a natural formal framework for certain familiar problems of approximation, optimisation and duality.
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 137-137 
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 144-144 
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 192-213 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper attempts to provide a set of standard test examples for researchers working in the area of geometric programming and general nonlinear, continuous, nonconvex programming algorithms. The examples consist partly of applications of nonlinear programming that have appeared in the literature and partly of original geometric programming applications. Solutions to all the problems are provided as well as the starting points from which these solutions were computed. Other computationally important aspects such as tolerances and degree of accuracy with which these problems were solved, are also included.
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 214-229 
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    Notes: Abstract We analyze a mathematical programming model of a fractional flow process which consists ofn sectors and all possible time-dependent streams of flow between, into and out of the sectors. Assuming specific constraints on flow, least cost policies are determined for control of the system transactions involved over a given finite time horizon and over an infinite horizon. Several applications of the model are presented and discussed.
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    Mathematical programming 10 (1976), S. 277-283 
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    Mathematical programming 19 (1980), S. 300-312 
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    Keywords: Equilibrium Prices ; Nonconvex Mathematical Programming ; Shadow Prices
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper a definition is proposed for the concept of shadow prices in nonconvex programming. For a nonlinear program with equality and inequality constraints, existence of these prices and bounds for their possible values are obtained under the Mangasarian—Fromowitz regularity condition. Their exact values and some continuity properties are obtained under the more restrictive linear independence regularity condition. A definition of equilibrium prices is also proposed. Under convexity assumptions, all definitions and results coincide with those already known on this subject in convex programming.
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    Mathematical programming 19 (1980), S. 313-327 
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    Keywords: Retrogressing Paths ; Homotopy Method ; Fixed-point Algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract For certain functionsf fromR n toR n , the Eaves—Saigal algorithm computes a path inR n × (0, 1] which converges to a zero off. In this case, it is shown that even whenf is of classC ∞ and has a unique zero, the converging path may retrogress infinitely many times.
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    Mathematical programming 2 (1972), S. 130-132 
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    Mathematical programming 2 (1972), S. 133-165 
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for minimization of functions of many variables, subject possibly to linear constraints on the variables, is described. In it a subproblem is solved in which a quadratic approximation is made to the object function and minimized over a region in which the approximation is valid. A strategy for deciding when this region should be expanded or contracted is given. The quadratic approximation involves estimating the hessian of the object function by a matrix which is updated at each iteration by a formula recently reported by Powell [6]. This formula enables convergence of the algorithm from any feasible point to be proved. Use of such an approximation, as against using exact second derivatives, also enables a reduction of about 60% to be made in the number of operations to solve the subproblem. Numerical evidence is reported showing that the algorithm is efficient in the number of function evaluations required to solve well known test problems.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 81-88 
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    Notes: Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are given, for convex programming problems, without constraint qualification, in terms of a single mathematical program, which can be chosen to be bilinear.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 94-96 
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 128-149 
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    Notes: Abstract A terminating algorithm is developed for the problem of finding the point of smallest Euclidean norm in the convex hull of a given finite point set in Euclideann-space, or equivalently for finding an “optimal” hyperplane separating a given point from a given finite point set. Its efficiency and accuracy are investigated, and its extension to the separation of two sets and other convex programming problems described.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 164-176 
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    Notes: Abstract Network flow techniques are used to show that a conjecture of Fulkerson on the blocking polyhedron associated with the intersection of two matroids is true for transversal matroids. This leads to some general integral packing results for partial transversals, bipartite edge matchings, and subpermutation matrices. A computational example for bipartite edge matchings is included.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 201-201 
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 229-251 
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    Notes: Abstract A branch and bound algorithm is presented for the problem of schedulingn jobs on a single machine to minimize tardiness. The algorithm uses a dual problem to obtain a good feasible solution and an extremely sharp lower bound on the optimal objective value. To derive the dual problem we regard the single machine as imposing a constraint for each time period. A dual variable is associated with each of these constraints and used to form a Lagrangian problem in which the dualized constraints appear in the objective function. A lower bound is obtained by solving the Lagrangian problem with fixed multiplier values. The major theoretical result of the paper is an algorithm which solves the Lagrangian problem in a number of steps proportional to the product ofn 2 and the average job processing time. The search for multiplier values which maximize the lower bound leads to the formulation and optimization of the dual problem. The bounds obtained are so sharp that very little enumeration or computer time is required to solve even large problems. Computational experience with 20-, 30-, and 50-job problems is presented.
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    Mathematical programming 11 (1976), S. 291-298 
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    Notes: Abstract The Bottleneck Linear Programming problem (BLP) is to maximizex 0 = max j c j ,x j 〉 0 subject toAx = b, x ⩾ 0. A relationship between the BLP and a problem solvable by a “greedy” algorithm is established. Two algorithms for the BLP are developed and computational experience is reported.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 81-96 
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    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for determining all the extreme points of a convex polytope associated with a set of linear constraints, via the computation of basic feasible solutions to the constraints, is presented. The algorithm is based on the product-form revised simplex method and as such can be readily linked onto standard linear programming codes. Applications of such an algorithm are reviewed and limited computational experience given.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 131-132 
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 139-140 
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 151-153 
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 392-405 
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    Keywords: Complementary Unboundedness ; Dual Feasible Solution Sets ; Convex Programming ; Geometric Programming ; Fenchel Duality ; Rockafellar Duality ; Ordinary Duality ; Quadratic Programming ; Optimal Location ; Traffic Equilibria
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    Notes: Abstract F.E. Clark has shown that if at least one of the feasible solution sets for a pair of dual linear programming problems is nonempty then at least one of them is both nonempty and unbounded. Subsequently, M. Avriel and A.C. Williams have obtained the same result in the more general context of (prototype posynomial) geometric programming. In this paper we show that the same result is actually false in the even more general context of convex programming — unless a certain regularity condition is satisfied. We also show that the regularity condition is so weak that it is automatically satisfied in linear programming (prototype posynomial) geometric programming, quadratic programming (with either linear or quadratic constraints),l p -regression analysis, optimal location, roadway network analysis, and chemical equilibrium analysis. Moreover, we develop an equivalent regularity condition for each of the usual formulations of duality.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 1-17 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the class of infinite horizon linear programs that have finite optimal values. A sequence of finite horizon (T period) problems is shown to approximate the infinite horizon problems in the following sense: the optimal values of theT period problems converge monotonically to the optimal value of the infinite problem and the limit of any convergent subsequence of initialT period optimal decisions is an optimal decision for the infinite horizon problem.
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    Mathematical programming 12 (1977), S. 48-59 
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    Notes: Abstract The parametric linear complementarity problem is given by the conditions:q + αp + Mz ⩾ 0,α ⩾ 0,z ⩾ 0,z T (q + αp + Mz) = 0. Under the assumption thatM is a P-matrix, Cottle proved that the solution mapz(α) of the above problem is montonically nondecreasing in the parameterα for every nonnegativeq and everyp if and only ifM is a Minkowski matrix. This paper examines whether a similar result holds in various other settings including a nonlinear case.
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    Mathematical programming 13 (1977), S. 38-48 
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    Keywords: Constraint regularization ; Determinant cone ; Kuhn—Tucker constraint-qualification ; Lagrange regularity ; Optimality condition ; x 0-redundant constraints
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    Notes: Abstract Necessity and sufficiency conditions are given for the existence of a finite set of redundant constraints which together with a given set of constraints in an optimization problem satisfy the Kuhn—Tucker, and the Guignard Constraint qualifications when the original set of constraints fails to satisfy either or both of them.
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    Mathematical programming 13 (1977), S. 81-87 
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    Keywords: Symmetric mathematical programs ; Ergodicity ; S-concavity and majorization ; Stochastic matrices ; Cyclic symmetry
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    Notes: Abstract The paper provides new conditions ensuring the optimality of a symmetric feasible point of certain mathematical programs. It is shown that these conditions generalize and unify most of the known results dealing with optimality of symmetric policies (e.g. [2, 4, 6, 11]). The generalization is based on certain ergodic properties of nonnegative matrices. An application to a socio-economic model dealing with optimization of a welfare function is presented.
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 136-136 
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    Mathematical programming 16 (1979), S. 141-158 
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    Keywords: Constrained Least Squares Problems ; Positive Semidefinite Quadratic Programming ; Orthogonal Factorization ; Reorthogonalization
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a feasible descent algorithm for solving certain constrained least squares problems. These problems are specially structured quadratic programming problems with positive semidefinite Hessian matrices that are allowed to be singular. The algorithm generates a finite sequence of subproblems that are solved using the numerically stable technique of orthogonal factorization with reorthogonalization and Given's transformation updating.
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    Mathematical programming 21 (1981), S. 190-203 
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    Keywords: Complementarity Problem ; Cones ; Topological Degree
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of establishing the number of solutions to the complementarity problem. For the case when the Jacobian of the mapping has all principal minors negative, and satisfies a condition at infinity, we prove that the problem has either 0, 1, 2 or 3 solutions. We also show that when the Jacobian has all principal minors positive, and satisfies a condition at infinity, the problem has a unique solution.
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    Mathematical programming 21 (1981), S. 233-234 
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    Keywords: Polytope ; Subdivision ; Simplex ; Volume ; Centroid
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    Notes: Abstract Subdivisions of polytopes are described which place any chosen vertex in a (near-) minimal number of simplices. Ancillary procedures to find volumes and centroids of polytopes are indicated.
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    Mathematical programming 21 (1981), S. 301-318 
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    Keywords: Semi-infinite Programs ; Open Helly-type Theorems ; Finite Subprograms ; Convex Programs ; Multi-criteria Programs ; Quasi-convex Programs ; Quasi-differentiable Programs
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    Notes: Abstract We show that a semi-infinite quasi-convex program with certain regularity conditions possesses finitely constrained subprograms with the same optimal value. This result is applied to various problems.
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    Mathematical programming 21 (1981), S. 348-356 
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    Keywords: Multi-extremal Optimization ; Multinomial Distribution ; Bayes Estimate ; Monte Carlo
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    Notes: Abstract The solution of ak-extremal problem is defined as the set of pairs (x i * , θi),i = 1, ⋯ ,k, where x t * isi th local minimum andθ i is the volume of the set of attraction of this minimum. A Bayesian estimate ofk and (θ 1 , ⋯ , θ k ) is constructed.
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 104-105 
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    Keywords: Complementarity Problem ; Number of Solutions
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 109-113 
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    Keywords: Geometric Programs ; Kuhn—Tucker Conditions ; Condensation Methods
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    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present some points of clarification of a recently presented algorithm for geometric programs [7]. While presenting the clarification, we are able to identify the behavior of condensation type algorithms for generalized geometric programs.
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 121-121 
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 140-155 
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    Keywords: Multiplier Methods ; Adaptive Penalization ; Nonlinear Programming ; Quadratic Convergence
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a multiplier method for solving optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints. The method realizes all the good features that were foreseen by R. Fletcher for this type of algorithm in the past, but which suffers from none of the drawbacks of the earlier attempts.
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 71-81 
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    Keywords: Blocking ; Antiblocking ; Polarity ; Penumbra
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    Notes: Abstract E. Johnson has recently shown that the concept of a penumbra leads to a simple geometric description of the blocker and antiblocker of a given set. Here we develop some basic results on penumbras which permit us to slightly generalize and simplify results on their relationship to blocking and antiblocking theory. In addition, motivated by the obvious symmetry of our results, we examine the effect of reversing the blocking and antiblocking operations.
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 121-121 
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 148-162 
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    Keywords: Set Covering Problem ; Median Problem ; Location Problems ; Heuristics ; Worst Case Analysis ; Continuous Location Problem
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    Notes: Abstract We describe in this paper polynomial heuristics for three important hard problems—the discrete fixed cost median problem (the plant location problem), the continuous fixed cost median problem in a Euclidean space, and the network fixed cost median problem with convex costs. The heuristics for all the three problems guarantee error ratios no worse than the logarithm of the number of customer points. The derivation of the heuristics is based on the presentation of all types of median problems discussed as a set covering problem.
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 227-230 
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    Keywords: Minimax ; Nonconvex Optimization ; Stationary Points
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    Notes: Abstract We give a short proof that in a convex minimax optimization problem ink dimensions there exist a subset ofk + 1 functions such that a solution to the minimax problem with thosek + 1 functions is a solution to the minimax problem with all functions. We show that convexity is necessary, and prove a similar theorem for stationary points when the functions are not necessarily convex but the gradient exists for each function.
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 401-401 
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    Mathematical programming 17 (1979), S. 16-31 
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    Keywords: Goal Programming ; Sensitivity Analysis ; Vector-Maximum Algorithms ; Multiple Objective Linear Programming ; Multiple Criteria Decision Making
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an application of the vector-maximum research [4–8] to the sensitivity analysis of goal programming problems as several of the criterion function penalty weights are simultaneously and independently varied. A generalized goal programming capability is presented and a six-stage analytic procedure is described. The problem is generalized in the sense that the regular goal programming penalty weights can be expanded to intervals if desired. The solution procedure is new in that it depends upon an algorithm for the vector-maximum problem, “criterion cone” contraction procedures, and “filtering” techniques. Together they are able to generate and process all extreme points on the portion of the surface of the goal programming “augmented” feasible region corresponding to the interval penalty weights specified. In effect, the procedure and adapted algorithm of this paper delivers to goal programming an operational power of sensitivity analysis not previously available to users. A numerical example is provided in order to illustrate the computerized application of the total goal programming procedure outlined.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 186-196 
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    Keywords: Weber's Problem ; Weiszfeld's Method ; Optimal Location
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    Notes: Abstract For solving the Euclidean distance Weber problem Weiszfeld proposed an iterative method. This method can also be applied to generalized Weber problems in Banach spaces. Examples for generalized Weber problems are: minimal surfaces with obstacles, Fermat's principle in geometrical optics and brachistochrones with obstacles.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 84-88 
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    Keywords: Complementary Pivot Algorithms ; Triangulations ; Vector Labels ; Borsuk's Theorem on Antipodal Points
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    Notes: Abstract In this short note a simple and constructive proof is given for Borsuk's theorem on antipodal points. This is done through a special application of the complementary pivoting algorithm.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 110-110 
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 155-168 
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    Keywords: Constrained Optimization ; Differential Equation ; Global Solution ; Nonlinear Programming
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    Notes: Abstract A new method is presented for finding a local optimum of the equality constrained nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear autonomous system is introduced as the base of the theory instead of usual approaches. The relation between critical points and local optima of the original optimization problem is proved. Asymptotic stability of the critical points is also proved. A numerical algorithm which is capable of finding local optima systematically at the quadratic rate of convergence is developed from a detailed analysis of the nature of trajectories and critical points. Some numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the method.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 215-227 
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    Keywords: Frank—Wolfe Theorem ; Quadratic Programming ; Norm Coercive Functions ; Polyhedral Sets
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    Notes: Abstract The Frank—Wolfe theorem states that a quadratic function, bounded below on a nonempty polyhedral convex set, attains its infimum there. This paper gives sufficient conditions under which a function either attains its infimum on a nonempty polyhedral convex set or is unbounded below on some halfline of that set. Quadratic functions are shown to satisfy these sufficient conditions.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 248-273 
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    Keywords: Legendre Transform ; Stationary Points ; Convex Functions ; Duality
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    Notes: Abstract In this work non-convex programs are analyzed via Legendre transform. The first part includes definitions and the classification of programs that can be handled by the transformation. It is shown that differentiable functions that are represented as a sum of strictly concave and convex functions belong to this class. Conditions under which a function may have such representation are given. Pseudo duality is defined and the pseudo duality theorem for non linear programs with equality constraints is proved. The techniques described are constructive ones, and they enable tocalculate explicitly a pseudo dual once the primal program is given. Several examples are included. In the convex case these techniques enable the explicit calculation of the dual even in cases where direct calculation was not possible.
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    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 286-290 
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    Keywords: Facility Location ; Steiner's Problem ; Location on the Sphere
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    Notes: Abstract This note describes the nature of optimal solutions for the spherical Steiner-Weber location problem for the case of unit weights and either 3 or 4 demand points (requireing 4 demand points to lie in an open hemisphere). Geometrically appealing results which are necessary conditions for optimum solutions and spherical analogs of known planar results are obtained.
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    Mathematical programming 14 (1978), S. 127-127 
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    Mathematical programming 14 (1978), S. 224-248 
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    Keywords: Augmented Lagrangian ; Lagrangian Function ; Nonlinear Constraints ; Nonlinear Programming ; Optimization Algorithm
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    Notes: Abstract Lagrangian functions are the basis of many of the more successful methods for nonlinear constraints in optimization calculations. Sometimes they are used in conjunction with linear approximations to the constraints and sometimes penalty terms are included to allow the use of algorithms for unconstrained optimization. Much has been discovered about these techniques during the last eight years and this paper gives a view of the progress and understanding that has been achieved and its relevance to practical algorithms. A particular method is recommended that seems to be more powerful than the author believed to be possible at the beginning of 1976.
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    Mathematical programming 14 (1978), S. 262-262 
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    Mathematical programming 14 (1978), S. 325-331 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Integer Programming ; Formulation ; Models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Two practical problems are described, each of which can be formulated in more than one way as a mixed integer programming problem. The computational experience with two formulations of each problem is given. It is pointed out how in each case a reformulation results in the associated linear programming problem being more constrained. As a result the reformulated mixed integer problem is easier to solve. The problems are a multi-period blending problem and a mining investment problem.
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  • 94
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    Mathematical programming 14 (1978), S. 349-372 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Indefinite Quadratic Programming ; Matrix Factorizations ; Numerical Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Numerically stable algorithms for quadratic programming are discussed. A new algorithm is described for indefinite quadratic programming which utilizes methods for updating positivedefinite factorizations only. Consequently all the updating procedures required are common to algorithms for linearly-constrained optimization. The new algorithm can be used for the positive-definite case without loss of efficiency.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Menu Planning ; Separation Scheduling ; Menu Scheduling ; Decomposition ; Non-linear Programming ; Binary Knapsack Problem ; Lagrangian Relaxation ; Transportation Problem ; Branch and Bound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the analytical representation of food preference is used in a separable non-linear program to yield the serving frequencies of menu items for a finite time horizon. The frequencies obtained in this way insure cost and nutritional control. Subsequently, the scheduling problem dealing with item assignments to meals and days is formulated as an integer program consisting of several transportation problems linked by weekly nutritional constraints. This problem is solved using a branch and bound algorithm which employs Lagrangian relaxation to obtain bounds and to decide on branching strategy.
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  • 96
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 92-99 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Network Flows ; Multicommodity Networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several classes of multicommodity networks have been shown to have the property that they can be transformed to equivalent uncapacitated single commodity flow problems. We show that many of these networks can be further reduced to smaller, semi-capacitated flow problems using the inverse of a result of Ford and Fulkerson. This appears to be a useful computationally-oriented tool for developing practically efficient algorithms. These concepts are also used to establish a generalization of a previous result concerning multicommodity transportation problems.
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  • 97
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 119-120 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
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  • 98
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 146-154 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear Complementarity Problem ; Principal Pivoting Algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem considered in this paper is given by the conditions:w = q + tp + Mz, w ≥ 0,ż ≥ 0,w T ż = 0, where a dot denotes the derivative with respect to the scalar parametert ≥ 0. In this problem,q, p aren-vectors withq ≥ 0 andM is an byn P-matrix. This problem arises in a certain basic problem in the field of structural mechanics. The main result in this paper is the existence and uniqueness theorem of a solution to this problem. The existence proof is constructive providing a computational method of obtaining the solution asymptotically.
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  • 99
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    Mathematical programming 15 (1978), S. 130-145 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Minimax Problems ; Minisum Problems ; Nondifferentiable Optimization ; Subgradients ; Location Problems ; Linear Approximation Problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a subgradient algorithm for minimizing the maximum of a finite collection of functions. It is assumed that each function is the sum of a finite collection of basic convex functions and that the number of different subgradient sets associated with nondifferentiable points of each basic function is finite on any bounded set. Problems belonging to this class include the linear approximation problem and both the minimax and minisum problems of location theory. Convergence of the algorithm to an epsilon-optimal solution is proven and its effectiveness is demonstrated by solving a number of location problems and linear approximation problems.
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  • 100
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    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nondifferentiable Programming ; Convex Analysis ; Sensivity Analysis ; Duality Theory ; Second Order Derivative ; Second Order Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study differential properties of the support function of the∈-subdifferential of a convex function; applications in algorithmics are also given.
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