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  • pharmacokinetics  (2,066)
  • stability  (836)
  • Springer  (2,703)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (187)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 1
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    Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; chitosan ; intestinal epithelial cells ; ocular delivery ; amphiphilic polymers ; cornea ; tight junction modulator ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; gemini surfactant ; transferrin ; compound 48/80 ; epithelial permeability ; cervicovaginal tumors ; nanoparticles ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; safety ; formulation ; salcaprozate sodium ; intestinal absorption ; FITC-dextran ; curcumin ; block copolymers ; nasal vaccination ; whole leaf ; brush border ; ocular drug delivery ; vaccine adjuvant ; nanoparticle ; nasal delivery ; efflux ; permeation enhancers ; absorption enhancers ; nose to brain delivery ; small intestine ; epithelium ; CNS disorders ; absorption modifying excipients ; insulin ; absorption enhancer ; gel ; intestinal delivery ; thermogel system ; Caco-2 ; biocompatibility studies ; absorption enhancement ; man ; PN159 ; poorly absorbed drug ; tryptophan ; tight junction ; oral macromolecule delivery ; penetration enhancer ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; nanocrystals ; simvastatin ; nanomedicine ; enterocyte ; N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) ; cell-penetrating peptide ; quaternization ; KLAL ; nasal ; nasal permeability ; transmucosal drug delivery ; Caco-2 cells ; mast cell activator ; penetration enhancers ; drug delivery ; nose-to-brain ; bioenhancer ; polymeric micelles ; mucoadhesion ; cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ; simulated intestinal fluid ; vaginal delivery ; nasal formulation ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; sodium caprate ; clinical trial ; transmucosal permeation ; drug absorption enhancer ; sugar-based surfactants ; nanocapsules ; imatinib ; teriparatide ; osteoporosis ; hydrophobization ; F-actin ; combined microsphere ; transepithelial electrical resistance ; oral delivery ; ocular conditions ; metabolism ; antimicrobial peptide ; permeation enhancer ; drug administration ; antiepileptic drug ; amino acid ; in vivo studies ; sodium cholate (NaC) ; epithelial transport ; preclinical ; nose to brain transport ; pharmacokinetics ; chitosan derivatives ; ophthalmology ; tight junctions ; sheep ; cationic functionalization ; GLP-1 ; pulmonary ; and liposome ; cytochrome P450 ; claudin ; P-glycoprotein ; in situ hydrogel ; mucoadhesiveness ; PTH 1-34 ; Aloe vera ; oral peptides ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Solution Models based on Symmetric and Asymmetric Information (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers symmetry and asymmetry phenomena occurring in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research presenting engineering and economic problem solution models dealing with the symmetry or asymmetry of different types of information. The issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, nine papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different MADM and MODM solution models as integrated tools to find a balance between the components of sustainable global development, to find a symmetry axis concerning goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, combining the usual decision-making methods with interval-valued fuzzy or rough sets theory, also Z numbers. The application fields of the proposed models involved both problems of technological sciences and social sciences. The papers cover three essential areas: engineering, economy, and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rough sets ; interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) ; resources distribution ; the criteria of the weights ; public management ; Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; symmetry of the method ; quadcopter ; transaction cost ; full fuzzy environment ; dual generalized geometric Bonferroni mean (DGGBM) operator ; data logger ; information theory ; control system ; salvage value ; nonlinear dynamics ; pattern formation ; oscillations ; stability ; Pythagorean fuzzy set ; FAHP ; fuzzy sets ; group decision-making ; generalized Bonferroni mean (GBM) operator ; probabilistic systems analysis ; economic decisions ; 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers set (2TLNNSs) ; evaluating the quality of distant courses ; subjective weights ; Z-numbers ; green supplier selection ; dual generalized Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator ; normal cloud ; thrust ; sensor ; neutrosophic numbers ; MCDM ; Bayes’ theorem ; optimal dividend ; logistics ; measurement ; hybrid MCDM ; combining the weights ; data envelopment analysis ; criteria weights ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) ; IDOCRIW ; excess-of-loss reinsurance ; fuzzy efficiency ; multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; MCGDM ; transport ; backward cloud transformation ; engineering problems ; rough ARAS ; capital injection ; performance ; Bonferroni mean (BM) operator ; green supply chain management ; population sizes ; hybrid problem solution models ; criteria weight assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Towards Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Novelty in Heterogeneous Catalysis (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Nanocomposite Materials (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ab initio ; critical yield strength ; carbon nanotube ; impact buckling ; elasticity ; molecular dynamics simulation ; magnetism ; coarse-grained model ; 3D fiber-metal laminates ; mechanical property ; interface ; nanocomposites ; interface force fields ; YN ; graphene/Fe composite ; cohesive element ; stability ; ScN ; delamination propagation ; interfaces ; graphene nanoplatelets ; nanoindentation ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; piezoelectric property ; temperature effect ; Fe-Al ; hardness ; equivalent fiber ; disorder ; Fe3Al ; elastic modulus ; delamination buckling ; CNT agglomeration ; CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites ; boron nitride honeycomb ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    Reinforced Polymer Composites (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Automatic Control and Routing of Marine Vessels (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Model-Informed Precision Dosing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized treatment optimization. MIPD integrates mathematical models of drugs and diseases combined with individual patient characteristics (e.g., genotype, anthropometric factors, and organ function). MIPD has been highlighted as a useful tool for drug dosage selection in both the drug development process and clinical practice and it is a rapidly growing discipline that is supported by the main drug regulatory agencies. Despite the potential benefits of this methodology toward personalized medicine, its application is still limited. The Special Issue presented here includes several PKPD and PBPK models focused on improving the current state of art regarding the PK behaviour of different drugs with the aim of improving the efficacy/safety balance of these treatments and their clinical outcome; the Special Issue is intended to be of particular interest for clinical pharmacologists, pharmacometricians, and specific clinicians who routinely use the considered drugs.
    Keywords: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) ; efficacy PKPD indexes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; PKPD modeling and simulation ; dosing algorithms ; nomograms ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 9
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    10th Anniversary of Nanomaterials—Recent Advances in Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    Recent Progress in Solid Dispersion Technology (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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