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  • Biochemistry  (1,825)
  • Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry  (1,576)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3,398)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (2)
  • CRC Press  (1)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk, wool and traction, thus allowing human utilization of non-tillable land and industrial by-products. The nutritional flexibility of ruminants is conferred by the rumen´s complex microbial community. Driven by rising income and population growth in emergent economies, the global demand for livestock products, including milk and meat from ruminants, has been increasingly growing, and is predicted to continue growing in the next few decades. The increase in production necessary to satisfy this rising demand is putting much pressure on already dwindling natural resources. There are also concerns about the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases associated to ruminant production. The need to make ruminant production more efficient in the use of natural resources poses a big challenge to ruminant science, and within it, rumen microbiology. Recent years have seen important advances in basic and applied rumen microbiology and biochemistry. The knowledge generated has significant implications for the efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production and the quality of ruminant products for human health. The present compilation is an update of recent advances in rumen microbiology and ruminant digestion and fermentation, including original research, reviews, and hypothesis and theory articles. We hope that the experimental results, discussion, models and ideas presented herein are useful to foster future research contributing to sustainable ruminant production.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Microbiology ; Rumen ; Biochemistry ; Fermentation ; Metabolism ; Ruminants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: There is considerable interest in pure and applied studies of extremophilic microorganisms, including those (acidophiles) that are active in low pH environments. As elsewhere in microbiology, this is a fast-developing field, and the proposed special issue of Frontiers highlights many of the more recent advances that have been made in this area. Authors from leading scientific groups located in North and South America, Australasia and Europe have contributed to this e-book, and the topics covered include advances in molecular, biochemical, biogeochemical and industrial aspects of acidophile microbiology.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; extremophiles ; Genomics ; acidophiles ; Biochemistry ; Biodiversity ; biogeochemistry ; Acidithiobacillus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The International Conference on Phytochemistry, Textile, & Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICPTRE 2020) was hosted by the World bank funded Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytochemicals, Textile and Renewable Energy (ACEII-PTRE) based at Moi University in conjunction with Donghua University, China and the Sino–Africa International Symposium on Textiles and Apparel (SAISTA). The theme of the conference was Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation for Industrial Growth. The research relationships between universities and industry have enabled the two entities to flourish and, in the past, have been credited for accelerated sustainable development and uplifting of millions out poverty. ICPTRE 2020 therefore provided a platform for academic researchers drawn from across the world to meet key industry professionals and actively share knowledge while advancing the role of research in industrial development, particularly, in the developing nations. The conference also provided exhibitors with an opportunity to interact with professionals and showcase their business, products, technologies and equipment. During the course of the conference, industrial exhibitions, research papers and presentations in the fields of phytochemistry, textiles, renewable energy, industry, science, technology, innovations and much more were presented.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Botany and plant sciences ; Organic chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: non-covalent interactions ; host-guest complexes ; fluorinated phenyl compounds ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Complexation constants with the macrocyclic azoniacyclophane CP44 and phenyl guest compounds with at least four fluorine atoms or alternatively protons at the ring were obtained by NMR shift titrations in water. The fluorinated compounds show free energies of complexation which are smaller by ΔΔG=3·4-7·7 kJ mol-1 in comparison with the protonated compounds. The NMR shifts induced upon 100% complexation (CIS values) were obtained simultaneously from non-linear least-squares fitting and indicate intra-cavity inclusion in all cases. The CIS values agree roughly with screening constants calculated from aromatic ring current and linear electric field effects, the latter resulting from the permanent charges at the host compound. Molecular mechanics calculations (CHARMm) indicate that intracavity inclusion is possible with all compounds with negligible strain induced (〈1 kJ mol-1) in the macrocycle upon complexation. In contrast, α-cyclodextrin can accommodate fluorinated phenyl compounds only at the rim of the cavity without larger strain. Preliminary data with α-cyclodextrin, obtained by competitive UV-visible titration with methyl orange, indicate again a smaller association free energy (ΔΔG=1·-7 kJ mol-1) for pentafluorphenol compared with normal phenol as guest. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: hydrophobic cavity characterization ; cyclophanes ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The guest-binding behavior of two different cyclophane hosts, each being capable of providing a three-dimensionally extended hydrophobic cavity toward aromatic guests, was examined in aqueous media: a steroid cyclophane bearing four rigid cholate moieties and an octopus cyclophane having four flexible double-chain segments. Even though the binding constant for 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene with the steroid cyclophane was comparable to that with the octopus cyclophane, the guest binding modes were very different from each other, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. That is, the steroid cyclophane incorporates the guest into its rigid macrocyclic cavity with axial geometry whereas the octopus cyclophane provides a three-dimensional space created by the macrocyclic skeleton and the flexible hydrocarbon chains so that the long axis of the guest becomes more or less perpendicular to the molecular axis of the host upon complexation. Temperature-dependent molecular recognition by these hosts toward 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate was examined by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Characteristic differences in the guest-binding mode between these hosts were sensitively reflected in the thermodynamic entropy change on host-guest complexation and the temperature-dependent microscopic viscosity experienced by the guest at the binding site. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 254-272 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: π-π interactions ; self-assembly ; catenanes ; cyclophanes ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The recent surge of interest in the control of molecular organization in both the solution state (i.e. self-assembly) and the solid state (i.e. crystal engineering) has led researchers to recognize increasingly the importance of weak non-covalent interactions. The design and synthesis of an efficient molecular construction set are dependent upon a very close interplay between x-ray crystallography and synthetic chemistry. π-π Stacking interactions between π-donors, such as hydroquinone, resorcinol or dioxynaphthalene residues, and π-accepting ring systems, such as bipyridinium or π-extended viologen units, can govern the self-assembly of a variety of complexes and interlocked molecular compounds in both the solid and solution states. Non-covalent bonding interactions (i.e. π-π interactions) can be considered as information vectors: they define and rule the self-assembly processes that lead to the formation of the desired molecular and supramolecular architectures, and thereafter they still govern the dynamic processes occurring within the self-assembled structures and superstructures. The manner in which such molecules and supermolecules can contribute to an understanding of non-covalent interactions at both structural and superstructural levels is described, with reference to numerous examples of self-assembly processes in synthesis, of dynamic processes in the solution state, and of the packing of molecules and molecular complexes in the solid state. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: redox-switched amphiphiles ; ferrocene derivatives ; vesicles ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---Thirty ferrocene derivatives were prepared and their ability to form vesicles in aqueous solution when oxidized was assessed. The compounds included alkyl ferrocenylmethyl ether derivatives of the form C10H9FeCH2OR in which R=octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosanyl. One single-tailed amine derivative, C10H9FeCH2NR2, R=octadecyl, was studied. Alkylferrocene derivatives had the form C10H9FeR in which R=butyl, decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosanyl and docosanyl. Sixteen symmetrical 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocenes were also studied. Three ethers were of the form C10H8Fe-1,1′-(CH2OR),2, R=tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl. Four corresponding dialkyl derivatives of the form C10H8Fe-1,1′-R2, R=decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl, were assessed. Finally, a range of 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene derivatives were analyzed. These all had the form C10H8Fe-1,1′-(COR)2, for which R has the following identities: octyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl and heptadecyl (ketones); heptadecyloxy, 3-cholesteryl and 3-cholestanyl (esters); and two amides, R=NHC18H37 and N(C18H37)2. The alkyl and ether derivatives could be readily oxidized and formed vesicular aggregates upon sonication. The ketones, esters and amides could be oxidized but the ferricenium derivatives did not form stable aggregates. An interesting observation is that the aggregates formed were vesicular whether the ferrocene derivative had one or two alkyl tails. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 273-285 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: cation-π interactions ; calix[n]arenes ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Non-covalent intermolecular forces have been recognized as a very important part of molecular interactions in complex biological systems. The fundamental functions of living matter such as transcription of genetic information in DNA, spatial arrangement of protein molecules, enzymatic functions or immunity system response are enabled owing to the presence of weak non-covalent forces based on hydrogen bonding interactions, van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects, etc. Recently, among them so-called "cation-π" interactions have been proved to contribute to the overall binding process in various artificial or biological systems. Calix[n]arenes have emerged as an important family of molecules with promising applications in many branches of chemistry. Because of their suitable molecular preorganization with aromatic units being "concentrated' in a relatively small space, calix[n]arenes represent interesting compounds exhibiting an enhanced ability for cation-π interactions. The importance of such forces in calix[n]arene chemistry is demonstrated here on several recent examples. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: hydrophobic interactions ; aqueous solutions ; living systems ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---Evidence is provided for the enormous role of hydrophobic interactions in aqueous solutions. It is concluded that complementary functions of hydrophilic and of hydrophobic species are in continuous operation and that these are a conditio sine qua non for the existence of the liquid. With regard to the supermolecular aggregations, hydrophobic interactions are operative on the highest hierarchic levels of the system organization, i.e. at the interface and at the holes around dissolved hydrophobic species. It is further emphasized that water is essential both for the unity and for the differentiation of each living organism. With regard to its role for the differentiation of the body, the hydrophobic interactions are of paramount importance, notably those provided by amphipathic solutes. The cell membrane is considered to be the result of interactions between the highest hierarchic levels of intracellular and extracellular water. The hydrophobic double layer provides the barriers for the separation of intracellular and extracellular water and at the same time the connections for recognition and for exchange of information between them. The DNA structures obtain conservative boundary conditions for their surrounding water systems which do not freeze at -60 °C. These water systems are dynamically superior to all other parts of the water system of the organism. It is suggested that more knowledge about the abilities of liquid water can be obtained by giving appropriate attention to its properties within the living body. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: charge-transfer complexes ; intrinsic (gas-phase) basicities ; stability ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ---The standard Gibbs energy changes for the formation of 1:1 charge-transfer complexes between molecular iodine and several bases in solution at 25·0 °C [ΔG0l2(soln)] were determined experimentally. The bases were 2,2,2-trifluoro- ethylamine, cyclopropylamine and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. These [ΔG0l2(soln)] values, determined in n-heptane, and also that for the formation of the 1:1 complex between 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol and molecular iodine in dichloromethane, were found to follow with excellent precision the correlation equations linking ΔG0l2(soln) and the intrinsic (gas-phase) basicities of N(sp3), N(sp2) and S(sp3) bases. These findings strongly support previous conclusions regarding the relationship between gas-phase and solution reactivity data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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