ALBERT

Description: Abstract

Description: sandbox is an R-tool for probabilistic numerical modelling of sediment properties. A flexible framework for definition and application of time/depth- based rules for sets of parameters for single grains that can be used to create artificial sediment profiles. Such profiles can be used for virtual sample preparation and synthetic, for instance, luminescence measurements.

Description: TechnicalInfo

Description: License: GNU General Public License, Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright © 2021 coffeemuggler developers community sandbox is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. sandbox is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Description: Abstract

Description: IGMAS+ is a software combining 3-D forward and inverse modeling, interactive visualization and interdisciplinary interpretation of potential fields and their applications under geophysical and geological data constrains. The software has a long history starting 1988 and has seen continuous improvement since then with input by many contributors. Since 2019, IGMAS+ is maintained and developed at The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences by the staff of Section 4.5 – Basin Modelling and Section 5.2 – eScience Centre with strong ongoing support by H.-J. Götze and S. Schmidt from CAU Kiel. The official webpage of IGMAS+ is available at https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas. Each major version of IGMAS+ is assigned with a DOI. Intermediate releases including changelog can be found at https://git.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/igmas-releases/-/releases/.

Description: Methods

Description: In IGMAS+, the analytical solution of the volume integral for the gravity and magnetic effects of a homogeneous body relies on reducing the three-folded integral to an integral over the bounding polyhedrons (in IGMAS+, polyhedrons are constructed using triangles). The algorithm encompass all elements of the gravity and magnetic tensors. Optimized storage facilitates extremely fast inversion of material parameters and changes to the model geometry. This flexibility simplifies handling geometry changes, as the model geometry is promptly updated, and the field components are recalculated after each modification. The additional ability to invert for the geometry of the individual body interface extends the inverse modelling capabilities. Thanks to its triangular model structure, IGMAS+ effectively manages complex structures, such as the overhangs of salt domes. The software accommodates remanent and induced magnetization of geological bodies and finds application in interpreting borehole gravity and magnetics. The modeling process is guided by constrains from independent data sources, such as structural information, geological maps and seismic data, and is crucial for the genuine integration of 3D thermal modeling and/or full waveform inversion results. IGMAS+ is largely used in the creation of 3-D data-constrained subsurface structural density and susceptibility models at different spatial scales. Both large-scale models (thousands of square km) and regional (hundreds of square km), are important for understanding the drivers of geohazards. In this case IGMAS+ is versatile, capable of handling both flat (regional) and spherical models (global, when it is necessary to consider the curvature of the Earth) in 3D. Medium-scale models support studies on the usage of the subsurface as thermal, electrical or material storage in the context of energy transition. Small-scale (tens of square km) models are largely used in applied geophysics, typically in sub-salt and sub-basalt settings.

Description: TechnicalInfo

Description: List of changes for Release 1.4.8840 Added • Import of lines (#124, #188) • Interface inversion functionality (#135) • Bounding box for interface inversion (#142) • Export of quality and standard deviation values per iteration after interface inversion (#146, #171) • Nearest neighbour interpolation for empty voxels while importing voxel cubes (#158) • Special panel for empty voxel cells after importing a voxel cube (#162) Changed • Colours and line styles for fields in the 2D view (#126) • Triangulation check message corrected to Topology check (#156) • Misleading wording in the voxelization panel: "cubes" changed to "cells" (#165) • Redesign of the sectioning wizard (#44, #173, #217, #236, #242) • Title of new model wizard (#174) • Default header for imported CSV files (#219) Fixed • Incorrect 3D rendering of intersecting bitmaps with enabled transparency/alpha channel (#128, #192) • Graphical issue after deletion of the stations (#136) • Issues during interface inversion (#137, #143, #147, #151, #159, #170, #179) • Problem with voxel import while using grouping option (#141) • Exception in MarchingCubesPlugin (#144) • Problem with density geoid inversion (#145) • Problem with missing anomaly field after loading the project (#148) • Visualization of crossing triangles in the 2D view (#149) • Errors in voxelization resulting in voxels with zero density (#153) • Problem with creating a project using horizon import (#154) • Wrong effective density value in the information tab (#161, #246) • Problem with SVG export from the Multiple Cutter View (#166) • Coordinate issues while creating new project using import of horizons (#168, #169) • Wrong voxel visualization in 2D View when using non•square voxel cells (#175) • Bug with re-installation of older version on top of the newer (#176) • Incorrect calculation of the border effect in case when the density of the model units is not given in t/m3 (#178) • Wrong name for the standard deviation in linear parameter inversion, voxel effect (#189) • Error in distance unit conversion while loading voxel cubes (#190) • Incorrect vertical placement of loaded bitmaps in the Multiple Cutter View (#208) • Not updating body volume values after automatic correction of polygon orientation (#216) • Problem while loading horizons with identical points as CSV files (#218) • Incorrect parsing of headers of certain TSURF GOCAD files (#220, #221) • New body added to a model is not assigned the existing properties (#224) • Installer is not creating shortcuts on Linux (#222) • Wrong calculation of voxel effect when combined with triangulation (#227) • Bug while rendering images in the WorldWind plugin (#230) • Effective density in information tab is shown even outside of the voxel cube (#231) • Wrong application of default voxel function to the bodies deactivated during the voxel import (#232) • Voxel cube is not visible in the 2D View (#233) • Wrong assignment of the voxel cells to bodies after geometry changes (#239) • Image files with names containing space are not reloaded with project (#240) • Problem with visualization and calculation after loading voxel cubes of susceptibility type (#243) • Problem with loading projects created with earlier versions (#244) • Wrong effective density in information tab while voxel factor is not equal to 1 (#246) List of changes for Release 1.4.8707 Added • An option to change the font size of the axes and colour bars in 2D Map View (#45) • Reversed colour maps from the scientific colour map set (#45) • An option to set up manually the limits and the step of isolines or contours (#45) • An option to set up the colour bar position (#45) • A possibility to load local KML/KMZ files in the WorldWind plugin (#123) • An option in the object tree to show/hide fields in different views (#130) • An option to remove the components and fields (#131) • Added a WMS service (in the WorldWind plugin) by GFZ Potsdam based on maps.gfz-potsdam.de (#133) Changed • Flatlaf updated to 1.1.2 Fixed • All visibility settings of calculated and measured fields are synchronised for comparability (#45) • By default the colour bar for each field in 2D Maps View is placed horizontally below each panel (#45) • Rounding of the contour (isoline) labels (#132) • Adjustment of colour bar position in 2D Maps View (#125) • Sorting and storing of the list of model parameters in body manager (#122) List of changes for Release 1.4.8690 Added • 58 new themes from JFormDesginer (#113) • Possibility to select colormaps for fields and residuals from scientific colormap set (#45) • Possibility to change contours for fields and residuals Changed • Old icon in wizards was replaced with new IGMAS icon (#108) • Colormaps of the fields and residuals (#45) • Mirrored residual colorbar limits to ensure white zero values (#45) • Field rendering options are saved for each project (#45) Fixed • Wrong symbols in the license text due to encoding (#106) • Problem with license wizard after installation (#112) • Starting from icon in macOS (#107) • Issue with mouse pointer (#118) related to working sections (#35) List of changes for Release 1.4.8671 Added • A possibility to choose units other than t/m3 during voxel import (#21) • An option to perform update check (#96) Changed • GFZ logo in the starting view • License attributes (#93, #98) Fixed • Bug with wrong calculation of anomaly if the voxel density unit is not t/m^3 (#74) • Calculation of the body volumes (#32) • Exception after closing a project (#95) • Padding in the installer (#14) • Update check wrongly notified that there is a newer version (#94) • Installer link in popup update notification (#92)

Description: Abstract

Description: IGMAS+ is a software combining 3-D forward and inverse modeling, interactive visualization and interdisciplinary interpretation of potential fields and their applications under geophysical and geological data constrains. The software has a long history starting 1988 and has seen continuous improvement since then with input by many contributors. Since 2019, IGMAS+ is maintained and developed at The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences by the staff of Section 4.5 – Basin Modelling and Section 5.2 – eScience Centre with strong ongoing support by H.-J. Götze and S. Schmidt from CAU Kiel. The official webpage of IGMAS+ is available at https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas. Each major version of IGMAS+ is assigned with a DOI. Intermediate releases including changelog can be found at https://git.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/igmas-releases/-/releases/. This is a collection DOI referring to all versions of IGMAS+. Links to each published version are redundantly available via the "Files" section and the Related Work section ("includes").

Description: Methods

Description: In IGMAS+, the analytical solution of the volume integral for the gravity and magnetic effects of a homogeneous body relies on reducing the three-folded integral to an integral over the bounding polyhedrons (in IGMAS+, polyhedrons are constructed using triangles). The algorithm encompass all elements of the gravity and magnetic tensors. Optimized storage facilitates extremely fast inversion of material parameters and changes to the model geometry. This flexibility simplifies handling geometry changes, as the model geometry is promptly updated, and the field components are recalculated after each modification. The additional ability to invert for the geometry of the individual body interface extends the inverse modelling capabilities. Thanks to its triangular model structure, IGMAS+ effectively manages complex structures, such as the overhangs of salt domes. The software accommodates remanent and induced magnetization of geological bodies and finds application in interpreting borehole gravity and magnetics. The modeling process is guided by constrains from independent data sources, such as structural information, geological maps and seismic data, and is crucial for the genuine integration of 3D thermal modeling and/or full waveform inversion results. IGMAS+ is largely used in the creation of 3-D data-constrained subsurface structural density and susceptibility models at different spatial scales. Both large-scale models (thousands of square km) and regional (hundreds of square km), are important for understanding the drivers of geohazards. In this case IGMAS+ is versatile, capable of handling both flat (regional) and spherical models (global, when it is necessary to consider the curvature of the Earth) in 3D. Medium-scale models support studies on the usage of the subsurface as thermal, electrical or material storage in the context of energy transition. Small-scale (tens of square km) models are largely used in applied geophysics, typically in sub-salt and sub-basalt settings.

Description: Abstract

Description: IGMAS+ is a software for 3-D modelling of potential fields and its derivatives under the condition of constraining data and independent information. It comes with tools for forward and inverse modelling. IGMAS+ has a long history starting 1988 and has seen continuous improvement since then with input by many contributors. Since 2019, IGMAS+ is maintained and developed at The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences by the staff of Section 4.5 – Basin Modelling and ID2 – eScience Centre with strong ongoing support by H.-J. Götze and S. Schmidt from CAU Kiel. The official webpage of IGMAS+ is available at https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/. Each major version of IGMAS+ will be assigned with a new DOI. Intermediate releases including changelog can be found at https://git.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/igmas-releases/-/releases/.

Description: Methods

Description: In IGMAS+ the analytical solution of the volume integral for the gravity and magnetic effect of a homogeneous body is based on the reduction of the three-folded integral to an integral over the bounding polyhedrons (in IGMAS polyhedrons are built by triangles). The original algorithm has been extended to cover all elements of the gravity and magnetic tensors as well. Optimized storage enables extreme fast inversion of material parameters and changes to the model geometry and this flexibility makes geometry changes easy. Immediately after each change, model geometry is updated and the field components are recalculated. Because of the triangular model structure, IGMAS+ can handle complex structures (multi Z surfaces) like the overhangs of salt domes very well. It handles remanent and induced magnetisation of geological bodies and was applied to the interpretation of borehole gravity and magnetics. Modelling is constrained by structural input from independent data sources, such as seismic data, and is essential toward true integration of 3D thermal modelling or even Full Waveform Inversion. Geophysical investigations may cover huge areas of several thousand square kilometres but also models of Applied Geophysics at a meter scale. Due to the curvature of the Earth, the use of spherical geometries and calculations is necessary. IGMAS+ can be used for both flat (regional) and spherical models (global) in 3D.

Description: TechnicalInfo

Description: List of changes for Release 1.3.8656 Fixed •Custom projection using GeoTools (#22) •Voxel density units (#74) •Dark/light theme selector not working for the first start (#83) •The size of windows for text input (#76) •Consistent user experience for all ptaforms (#69) •Build problem (#65) •Bug with reading "calculated (measured) Geoid" from ".station" format (#38) •Build problem (#59) •Spherical calculation settings of "Max. Length" (#37) •An error occured when section was defined with normal (0, -1) (#35) •Bug when save project button is disabled while reaching recent items directory (#4) •EPSG codes not appearing in projection lists (#28) •Multiple cutter showed anomaly field in white (#36) •Residual field is in mGal/km when the gradients are calculated in Eötvös (#36) •Wrong factor for magnetic field calculation with mT (#29) •Bug related to memory settings (#31) •Image export •WorldWind renderer •Linux executables Added •GFZ branding in installer (#14) •Calculation of body volume (#32) •GeoTools gt-referencing projection (#78) •New flatlaf design themes •Integrate update check (#43) •Notification about missing coordinate system when starting spherical approximation (#16) •2-D View icon to the toolbar •Warning for the missing projection •This changelog Changed •Migrated to latest JOGL bindings (#84) •Name of the app after installation changed to IGMAS+ (#81) •About window (#53) •Switch from JSyntaxPane to RSyntaxTextArea (#71) •Migrated to new truelicense version v4 (#56) •Using "imported" instead of "measured" for Geoid for export/import (#41) •Disabled SSL certificate validation for WorldWind tile server •Viewboard logo - GFZ logo is used now (#14) •Switched to latest jython 2.7.2b2 •Switched to java8 as minimum requirement •Switched to the latest parsii library •Swtiched to the latest proj4j library •Updated main logo •Updated installer •Version numbers will now be generated following [major].[minor].[ci_pipeline_id]-[commit_hash]-[testing]. Removed •toolbox3d dependency (#57) •Geometry inversion from installer (#33) •Unsupported cluster installer

Description: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.

Description: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).

Description: Published

Description: 370–377

Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale

Description: JCR Journal

Description: reserved

Description: Several volcanoes worldwide have shown changes in their stress state as a consequence of the deformation produced by the pressurization of a magmatic body. This study investigates seismic swarms occurring on the western flank of Mt. Etna in January 1997 - January 1998. Integrating seismic observations and geodetic data, we constrained the seismogenic fault system, and on the basis of stress tensor inversion and SHMAX analyses, we infer an inflating pressure source located at 5.5 km b.s.l. beneath the west portion of summit area. Evaluation of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) related to the proposed model, showed how a large part of the seismogenic fault underwent a significant CFS increase (500 kPa). We infer the presence of a sub-vertical faulted region, potentially weak, N50°E oriented beneath the western sector of Mt. Etna. This structure could be brought closer to failure thereby generating seismic swarms as the effect of elastic stress transfer induced by movement and/or overpressure of magmatic masses within the upper crust under the volcano.

Description: This research was funded by the INGV–DPC 2007–2009 Agreement (Project V4_Flank).

Description: Published

Description: 339-348

Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive

Description: JCR Journal

Description: restricted

Description: We compared stable isotopes of water in plant stem (xylem) water and soil collected over a complete growing season from five well‐known long‐term study sites in northern/cold regions. These spanned a decreasing temperature gradient from Bruntland Burn (Scotland), Dorset (Canadian Shield), Dry Creek (USA), Krycklan (Sweden), to Wolf Creek (northern Canada). Xylem water was isotopically depleted compared to soil waters, most notably for deuterium. The degree to which potential soil water sources could explain the isotopic composition of xylem water was assessed quantitatively using overlapping polygons to enclose respective data sets when plotted in dual isotope space. At most sites isotopes in xylem water from angiosperms showed a strong overlap with soil water; this was not the case for gymnosperms. In most cases, xylem water composition on a given sampling day could be better explained if soil water composition was considered over longer antecedent periods spanning many months. Xylem water at most sites was usually most dissimilar to soil water in drier summer months, although sites differed in the sequence of change. Open questions remain on why a significant proportion of isotopically depleted water in plant xylem cannot be explained by soil water sources, particularly for gymnosperms. It is recommended that future research focuses on the potential for fractionation to affect water uptake at the soil‐root interface, both through effects of exchange between the vapour and liquid phases of soil water and the effects of mycorrhizal interactions. Additionally, in cold regions, evaporation and diffusion of xylem water in winter may be an important process.

Description: We compared stable isotopes of water in plant stem (xylem) water and soil collected over a complete growing season from five well‐known long‐term study sites in northern/cold regions. Xylem water was isotopically depleted compared to soil waters, most notably for deuterium. At all sites except one, water sources of angiosperms could be associated with soil water, while the sources of water uptake by gymnosperms were much less easily explained.

Description: FP7 Ideas: European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011199

Description: KAW Branch‐Point project

Description: SITES (VR)

Description: Boise State University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007233

Description: US National Science Foundation

Description: Leverhulme Trust through the ISO‐LAND project

Description: Browning caused by colored dissolved organic matter is predicted to have large effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, there is limited experimental evidence about direct and indirect effects of browning on zooplankton in complex field settings. We used a combination of an ecosystem‐scale enclosure experiment and laboratory incubations to test how prolonged browning affects physiological and life‐history traits of the water flea Daphnia longispina, a key species in lake food webs, and whether any such effects are reversible. Daphnids and water were collected from enclosures in a deep clear‐water lake, where the natural plankton community had been exposed for 10 weeks to browning or to control conditions in clear water. Daphnid abundance was much lower in the brown than in the clear enclosure. Surprisingly, however, daphnids continuously kept in brown enclosure water in the laboratory showed increased metabolic performance and survival, and also produced more offspring than daphnids kept in clear enclosure water. This outcome was related to more and higher‐quality seston in brown compared to clear water. Moreover, daphnids transferred from clear to brown water or vice versa adjusted their nucleic acid and protein contents, as indicators of physiological state, to similar levels as individuals previously exposed to the respective recipient environment, indicating immediate and reversible browning effects on metabolic performance. These results demonstrate the importance of conducting experiments in settings that capture both indirect effects (i.e., emerging from species interactions in communities) and direct effects on individuals for assessing impacts of browning and other environmental changes on lakes.

Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Description: IGB's Frontiers in Freshwater Science program

Description: Nitrogen (N) fertilization is the major contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil, especially in post‐harvest seasons. This study was carried out to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size. A microcosm experiment was conducted with soil planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and bare soil, each with four levels of N fertilizer (0, 5, 10 and 20 g N m−2; applied as calcium ammonium nitrate). The closed‐chamber approach was used to measure soil N2O fluxes. Real‐time PCR was used to estimate the biomass of bacteria and fungi and the abundance of genes involved in denitrification in soil. The results showed that the presence of ryegrass decreased the nitrate content in soil. Cumulative N2O emissions of soil with grass were lower than in bare soil at 5 and 10 g N m−2. Fertilization levels did not affect the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. Soil with grass showed greater abundances of bacteria and fungi, as well as microorganisms carrying narG, napA, nirK, nirS and nosZ clade I genes. It is concluded that ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions in soils with moderate or high NO3− concentrations. This highlights the importance of cover crops for the reduction of N2O emissions from soil, particularly following N fertilization. Future research should explore the full potential of ryegrass to reduce soil N2O emissions under field conditions as well as in different soils. Highlights This study was to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size; Plant reduced soil N substrates on one side, but their root exudates stimulated denitrification on the other side; N2O emissions were lower in soil with grass than bare soil at medium fertilizer levels, and growing grass stimulated the proliferation of almost all the denitrifying bacteria except nosZ clade II; Ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions.

Description: China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543

Description: The National Science Project for University of Anhui Province

Description: N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are molecules produced by many Gram‐negative bacteria as mediators of cell‐cell signaling in a mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). QS is widespread in marine bacteria regulating diverse processes, such as virulence or excretion of polymers that mediate biofilm formation. Associated eukaryotes, such as microalgae, respond to these cues as well, leading to an intricate signaling network. To date, only very few studies attempted to measure AHL concentrations in phototrophic microbial communities, which are hot spots for bacteria‐bacteria as well as microalgae‐bacteria interactions. AHL quantification in environmental samples is challenging and requires a robust and reproducible sampling strategy. However, knowing about AHL concentrations opens up multiple perspectives from answering fundamental ecological questions to deriving guidelines for manipulation and control of biofilms. Here, we present a method for sampling and AHL identification and quantification from marine intertidal sediments. The use of contact cores for sediment sampling ensures reproducible sample surface area and volume at each location. Flash‐freezing of the samples with liquid nitrogen prevents enzymatic AHL degradation between sampling and extraction. After solvent extraction, samples were analyzed with an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) method that allows to baseline‐separate 16 different AHLs in less than 10 min. The sensitivity of the method is sufficient for detection and quantification of AHLs in environmental samples of less than 16 cm3.

Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Description: H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions