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  • *Ecosystem  (1,597)
  • Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,939)
  • 1
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    [Perspective] Molecular sieves for gas separation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Separation and purification are critical industrial processes for separating components of chemical mixtures, and these processes account for about half of industrial energy usage (1). Gas mixtures of compounds with very similar physical properties are particularly difficult to separate. On pages 137 and 141 of this issue, Cadiau et al. (2) and Cui et al. (3), respectively, show that microporous materials can be designed to have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for particular hydrocarbons, enabling energy-efficient separation. Author: Jerry Y. S. Lin
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [Perspective] How to break down crystalline cellulose (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Biomass-degrading microorganisms use lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzymes to help digest cellulose, chitin, and starch. By cleaving otherwise inaccessible crystalline cellulose chains, these enzymes provide access to hydrolytic enzymes. LPMOs are of interest to biotechnology because efficient depolymerization of cellulose is a major bottleneck for the production of biologically based chemicals and fuels. On page 1098 of this issue, Kracher et al. (1) compare LPMO-reducing substrates in fungi from different taxonomic groups and lifestyles, based on both biochemical and genomic evidence. The results provide insights into reductive activation of LPMO that are important for developing more efficient industrial enzymes for lignocellulose biorefineries. Author: Angel T. Martínez
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    [Editors' Choice] Engineering open structures using DNA (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Author: Marc S. Lavine
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Climate change and latitudinal patterns of intertidal thermal stress (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: The interaction of climate and the timing of low tides along the West Coast of the United States creates a complex mosaic of thermal environments, in which northern sites can be more thermally stressful than southern sites. Thus, climate change may not lead to a poleward shift in the distribution of intertidal organisms, as has been proposed, but instead will likely cause localized extinctions at a series of "hot spots." Patterns of exposure to extreme climatic conditions are temporally variable, and tidal predictions suggest that in the next 3 to 5 years "hot spots" are likely to appear at several northern sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Brian -- Harley, Christopher D G -- Halpin, Patricia M -- O'Donnell, Michael -- Hofmann, Gretchen E -- Blanchette, Carol A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1015-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Sciences Program, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. helmuth@biol.sc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; *Body Temperature ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Pacific Ocean ; Pacific States ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: Hundreds of coral species coexist sympatrically on reefs, reproducing in mass-spawning events where hybridization appears common. In the Caribbean, DNA sequence data from all three sympatric Acropora corals show that mass spawning does not erode species barriers. Species A. cervicornis and A. palmata are distinct at two nuclear loci or share ancestral alleles. Morphotypes historically given the name Acropora prolifera are entirely F(1) hybrids of these two species, showing morphologies that depend on which species provides the egg for hybridization. Although selection limits the evolutionary potential of hybrids, F(1) individuals can reproduce asexually and form long-lived, potentially immortal hybrids with unique morphologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollmer, Steven V -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Calmodulin/genetics ; Caribbean Region ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Collagen/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introns ; Likelihood Functions ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Patent law. Natural substances and patentable inventions (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Demaine, Linda J -- Fellmeth, Aaron X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1375-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA. demaine@rand.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Oxide ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Plant Extracts ; Plant Roots ; Titanium ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Taxonomists' requiem? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samyn, Yves -- Massin, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):276-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/classification ; Plants/classification ; *Publishing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Ecology. Soil fertility and hunger in Africa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Center for Research in Agroforestry, Post Office Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya. P.sanchez@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Agriculture/*methods ; Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; *Food Supply ; Forestry ; Humans ; Hunger ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphates ; Plant Development ; Public Policy ; *Soil ; Trees/growth & development ; United Nations ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Assessing environmental changes in grasslands (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Charles E -- Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1844-5; author reply 1844-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; California ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/pathogenicity ; Nitrogen ; *Plant Diseases ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Poaceae/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Caspian Sea. Scientists deplore OK for sturgeon catch (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/economics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Food Supply/economics/standards ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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