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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 42 (1988), S. 203-243 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Network flows ; relaxation ; distributed algorithms ; complexity ; asynchronous algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We review a class of recently-proposed linear-cost network flow methods which are amenable to distributed implementation. All the methods in the class use the notion ofε-complementary slackness, and most do not explicitly manipulate any “global” objects such as paths, trees, or cuts. Interestingly, these methods have stimulated a large number of newserial computational complexity results. We develop the basic theory of these methods and present two specific methods, theε-relaxation algorithm for the minimum-cost flow problem, and theauction algorithm for the assignment problem. We show how to implement these methods with serial complexities of O(N 3 logNC) and O(NA logNC), respectively. We also discuss practical implementation issues and computational experience to date. Finally, we show how to implementε-relaxation in a completely asynchronous, “chaotic” environment in which some processors compute faster than others, some processors communicate faster than others, and there can be arbitrarily large communication delays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 50 (1991), S. 277-290 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Algorithms ; complexity ; data structures ; dynamic trees ; graphs ; linear programming ; maximum flow ; network flow ; network optimization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Goldfarb and Hao (1990) have proposed a pivot rule for the primal network simplex algorithm that will solve a maximum flow problem on ann-vertex,m-arc network in at mostnm pivots and O(n 2 m) time. In this paper we describe how to extend the dynamic tree data structure of Sleator and Tarjan (1983, 1985) to reduce the running time of this algorithm to O(nm logn). This bound is less than a logarithmic factor larger than those of the fastest known algorithms for the problem. Our extension of dynamic trees is interesting in its own right and may well have additional applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 62 (1993), S. 199-213 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Transportation problem ; assignment problem ; supply ; demand ; staircase ; capacity ; lattice ; sublattice ; superadditive ; subadditive ; greatest element ; myopic ; greedy ; integral ; linear time ; complexity ; bivariate distribution ; correlation ; distribution ; substitution ; inventory ; age ; FIFO ; LIFO
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 127-153 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Local minimization ; knapsack ; indefinite ; quadratic knapsack ; complexity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider the complexity of finding a local minimum for the nonconvex Quadratic Knapsack Problem. Global minimization for this example of quadratic programming is NP-hard. Moré and Vavasis have investigated the complexity of local minimization for the strictly concave case of QKP; here we extend their algorithm to the general indefinite case. Our main result is an algorithm that computes a local minimum in O(n(logn)2) steps. Our approach involves eliminating all but one of the convex variables through parametrization, yielding a nondifferentiable problem. We use a technique from computational geometry to address the nondifferentiable problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computing 41 (1989), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 65V05 ; 65K10 ; 68C25 ; Automatic differentiation ; complexity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit behandelt ein spezielles Problem des Automatischen Differenzierens. Seif eine rationale Funktion vonn Variablen, sei #(f) die Anzahl der Operationen in der Auswertung vonf(x), seig der Gradient vonf. Viele Algorithmen zur Minimierung vonf(x) benötigen das Skalarproduktg(u) tv. In der Standardmethode zur Berechnung vong(u) tv wächst der Arbeitsaufwand mitn·#(f). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine neue Methode zur Berechnung vong(u) tv angegeben. Die neue Methode erweist sich als wesentlich schneller, ihr Arbeitsaufwand wächst nur mit #(f).
    Notizen: Abstract The paper deals with a special problem in Automatic Differentiation. Letf be a rational function ofn variables, let #(f) denote the number of operations to evaluatef(x), letg denote the gradient off. Many algorithms for minimizingf(x) require the scalar productg(u) tv. In the standard method for computingg(u) tv the amount of work grows withn·#(f). In this note a new method for computingg(u) tv is presented. The new method is considerably faster, its amount of work only grows with #(f).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    AI & society 2 (1988), S. 3-16 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Schlagwort(e): AI paradigm ; knowledge ; semantics ; complexity ; responsibility ; collaboration ; law
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Although the AI paradigm is useful for building knowledge-based systems for the applied natural sciences, there are dangers when it is extended into the domains of business, law and other social systems. It is misleading to treat knowledge as a commodity that can be separated from the context in which it is regularly used. Especially when it relates to social behaviour, knowledge should be treated as socially constructed, interpreted and maintained through its practical use in context. The meanings of terms in a knowledge-base are assumed to be references to an objective reality whereas they are instruments for expressing values and exercising power. Expert systems that are not perspicuous to the expert community will lose their meanings and cease to contain genuine knowledge, as they will be divorced from the social processes essential for the maintenance of both meaning and knowledge. Perspicuity is usually sacrificed when knowledge is represented in a formalism, with the result that the original problem is compounded with a second problem of penetrating the representation language. Formalisms that make business and legal problems easier to understand are one essential research goal, not only in the quest for intelligent machines to replace intelligent human beings, but also in the wiser quest for computers to support collaborative work and other forms of social problem solving.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 47 (1990), S. 175-201 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Optimization ; linear programming ; complexity ; polynomial time algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We present an algorithm for linear programming which requires O(((m+n)n 2+(m+n)1.5 n)L) arithmetic operations wherem is the number of constraints, andn is the number of variables. Each operation is performed to a precision of O(L) bits.L is bounded by the number of bits in the input. The worst-case running time of the algorithm is better than that of Karmarkar's algorithm by a factor of $$\sqrt {m + n} $$ .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 323-338 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Random search ; Monte Carlo optimization ; global optimization ; complexity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Pure adaptive seach iteratively constructs a sequence of interior points uniformly distributed within the corresponding sequence of nested improving regions of the feasible space. That is, at any iteration, the next point in the sequence is uniformly distributed over the region of feasible space containing all points that are strictly superior in value to the previous points in the sequence. The complexity of this algorithm is measured by the expected number of iterations required to achieve a given accuracy of solution. We show that for global mathematical programs satisfying the Lipschitz condition, its complexity increases at mostlinearly in the dimension of the problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computing 52 (1994), S. 269-279 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 52.A30 ; 52.A10 ; Intersection radius ; prune-and-search ; algorithms ; complexity ; computational geometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Wir bezeichnen als Radius des Durchschnitts einer Menge vonn geometrischen Objekten imd-dimensionalen Euklidischen RaumE d Radius der kleinsten abgeschlossenen Hyperkugel, welche einen nichtleeren Durchschnitt mit allen Objekten besitzt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir optimale Algorithmen zuer Bestimmung einiger solcher Radien. Zuerst stellen wir einen Algorithmus mit linearem Zeitbedarf vor, wenn die Objekte Hyperebenen inE d mit festemd sind. Er beruht auf der Reduktion des Problems auf eine (d+1)-dimensionale Lineare Optimierungsaufgabe mit 2n linearen Nebenbedingungen. Wir beschreiben auch die Lösung des Durchschnitts-Radius Problems fürn Strecken in der Ebene. Dazu benutzen wir neben Breitensuche die Ersetzung von Halbstrahlen durch Punkte oder Gerade. Bisher waren keine Algorithmen bekannt, welche diese Probleme in den gleichen Zeitschranken lösen.
    Notizen: Abstract The intersection radius of a set ofn geometrical objects in ad-dimensional Euclidean space,E d , is the radius of the smallest closed hypersphere that intersects all the objects of the set. In this paper, we describe optimal algorithms for some intersection radius problems. We first present a linear-time algorithm to determine the smallest closed hypersphere that intersects a set of hyperplanes inE d , assumingd to be a fixed parameter. This is done by reducing the problem to a linear programming problem in a (d+1)-dimensional space, involving 2n linear constraints. We also show how the prune-and-search technique, coupled with the strategy of replacing a ray by a point or a line can be used to solve, in linear time, the intersection radius problem for a set ofn line segments in the plane. Currently, no algorithms are known that solve these intersection radius problems within the same time bounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computing 46 (1991), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): PLA-folding ; vertex separation ; complexity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zwei diskrete Optimierungsprobleme beim VLSI-Design sind die Fläche eines programmierbaren logischen Arrays (PLA) zu reduzieren und einen Graphen in möglichst gleich große Teilgraphen zu zerlegen. Wir zeigen, daß eine in der Praxis oft benutzte Flächenreduktionstechnik, das Blockfolding, äquivalent ist zu dem Problem, Graphen durch Wegnahme von Knoten zu zerlegen. Es wird gezeigt, daß dieses Problem schon für 3-reguläre GraphenNP-schwer ist.
    Notizen: Abstract Two discrete optimization problems arising in VLSI are to reduce the area of a programmable logic array (PLA) and to separate graphs uniformly. We show that a commonly used area reduction technique called blockfolding is equivalent to separating graphs by vertex deletion. The later problem is shown to be NP-complete even for 3-regular-graphs.
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