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  • Articles  (42)
  • Chemistry  (27)
  • Environment  (18)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Ambleside, UK  (42)
  • 1
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    Information science and the scientist. A look at information requirements and the technologies available to scientists in the pursuit of information (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5124 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:13 | 5124 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A review article looking at the type of information requirements commonly shared by scientists and their use of traditional information services. Areas covered include primary requirements of IFE (Institute of Freshwater Ecology) staff, pure versus applied research, informal and personal sources of information, and traditional library and information services. It goes on to describe how research into information systems and technology may improve the wider accessibility and use of information to the scientific community. Technologies covered include online databases, telecommunications, gateways, expert systems, optical technology and applications of CDROM.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Information Management ; Freshwater ecology ; Research institutions ; Research ; Information scientists ; Information services ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55-67
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  • 2
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    Strategic ecosystem studies of large slow flowing lowland rivers. Progress report: April - October 1989 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5237 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:13:37 | 5237 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This report covers the period April to September, 1989. During this period sampling of invertebrates has concentrated on planktonic animals and those associated with one of the dominant macrophytes in the system, Nuphar lutea, the yellow water lily, since these are particularly important in the diets of larval and juvenile cyprinid fish. A proportion of samples has been partly analysed and some preliminary data are presented here.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Limnology ; Aquatic plants ; Plankton ; Biological sampling ; Invertebrate larvae ; Pesticides ; England ; Godmanchester
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11
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  • 3
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    Final report on the updating service on environmental chemicals in freshwater for the period 9.1.89 to 9.7.89 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5238 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:13:42 | 5238 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This report presents five batches of data which have been despatched to the Joint Research Centre, Ispra. The data as been allocated to various ECDIN (Environmental Chemicals Data and Information Network) files. The data comprises environmental chemicals in the freshwater environment, taking in paricular consideration: aquatic toxicity, bioaccumulation, metabolism and elimination biodegradation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Data ; Data processing ; Data collections ; Chemical compounds ; Toxicity ; Bioaccumulation ; Biodegradation ; Metabolism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 8
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  • 4
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    Changes of water quality and sediment phosphorus of a small productive lake following decreased phosphorus loading (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5293 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:09 | 5293 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Esthwaite Water is the most productive or eutrophic lake in the English Lake District. Since 1945 its water quality has been determined from weekly or biweekly measurements of temperature, oxygen, plant nutrients and phytoplankton abundance. The lake receives phosphorus from its largely lowland-pasture catchment, sewage effluent from the villages of Hawkshead and Near Sawrey, and from a cage-culture fish farm. From 1986 phosphorus has been removed from the sewage effluent of Hawkshead which was considered to contribute between 47% and 67% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake. At the commencement of phosphorus removal regular measurements of phosphorus in the superficial 0-4 cm layer of lake sediment were made from cores collected at random sites. Since 1986 the mean annual concentration of alkali-extractable sediment phosphorus has decreased by 23%. This change is not significant at the 5% level but nearly so. There has been no marked change in water quality over this period. Summer dominance of blue-green algae which arose in the early 1980s after decline of the previous summer forms, Ceratium spp., has been maintained. Improvement in water quality is unlikely to be achieved at the present phosphorus loading.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Sediment analysis ; Water quality ; England ; Esthwaite Water
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 119-131
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  • 5
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    Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5314 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:13 | 5314 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Toxicity ; Aquatic organisms ; Biological pollutants ; Enzymes ; Hydrocarbons ; Mutagens ; Pollutants ; Animal diseases ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 154-171
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  • 6
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    Mussel eggs as indicators of mutagen exposure in coastal and estuarine environments (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5311 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:25 | 5311 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The aim of this study was to develop a short-term genotoxicity assay for monitoring the marine environment for mutagens. Based on the developing eggs and embryos of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis, an important pollution indicator species, the test employs the sensitive sister chromatid exchange (SCE) technique as its end-point, and exploits the potential of mussel eggs to accumulate mutagenic pollutants from the surrounding sea water. Mussel eggs take up to 6 months to develop while in the gonad, which provides scope for DNA damage to be accumulated over an extended time interval; chromosome damage is subsequently visualised as SCEs in 2-cell-stage embryos after these have been spawned in the laboratory. Methods which measure biological responses to pollutant exposure are able to integrate all the factors (internal and external) which contribute to the exposure. The new cytogenetic assay allows the effects of adult exposure to be interpreted in cells destined to become part of the next generation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Oceanography ; Marine molluscs ; Eggs ; Coastal zone ; Mutagens ; Indicator species ; Embryos ; Cytogenetics ; Pollution effects ; Bioassays ; Methodology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 124-137
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  • 7
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    Metallothionein as an indicator of water quality: assessment of the bioavailability of cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc in aquatic animals at the cellular level (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5313 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:23 | 5313 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The study of metallothioneins (MTs) has greatly improved our understanding of body burdens, metal storage and detoxification in aquatic organisms subjected to contamination by the toxic heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn. These studies have shown that in certain organisms MT status can be used to assess impact of these metals at the cellular level and, whilst validation is currently limited to a few examples, this stress response may be linked to higher levels of organisation, thus indicating its potential for environmental quality assessment. Molluscs, such as Mytilus spp., and several commonly occurring teleost species, are the most promising of the indicator species tested. Natural variability of MT levels caused by the organism's size, condition, age, position in the sexual cycle, temperature and various stressors, can lead to difficulties in interpretation of field data as a definitive response-indicator of metal contamination unless a critical appraisal of these variables is available. From laboratory and field studies these data are almost complete for teleost fish. Whilst for molluscs much of this information is lacking, when suitable controls are utilised and MT measurements are combined with observations of metal partitioning, current studies indicate that they are nevertheless a powerful tool in the interpretation of impact, and may prove useful in water quality assessment.
    Keywords: Environment ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Mercury ; Zinc ; Aquatic animals ; Cytology ; Metallothioneins ; Environmental monitoring ; Indicators ; Scotland
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 138-153
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  • 8
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    Using RIVPACS for studies on conservation and biodiversity (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5343 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:34 | 5343 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Invertebrate conservation relies not only on public support and political will, but also on possessing an adequate understanding of the distribution and ecology of invertebrate species and communities. In the UK, RIVPACS is making an important contribution to assessing the conservation importance of river invertebrate assemblages. So far, work has largely centred on using RIVPACS as an integral part of SERCON (System for Evaluating Rivers for Conservation), in which data collected using the standard RIVPACS method are interpreted with reference to conservation criteria such as species richness and representativeness. Applications of RIVPACS to other areas of conservation - whether providing information on the ecological requirements of rare species, monitoring the success of river restoration projects, or making broader assessments of sustainability - are probably more limited, but merit further examination. It is important to develop closer links between RIVPACS and techniques such as SERCON and RHS (River Habitat Survey) in order to maximise the benefit each can bring tostudies on conservation and biodiversity. It should also be recognised that there are limitations in transferring such systems to other countries where approaches to nature conservation may be very different.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Limnology ; Classification systems ; Invertebrate larvae ; Rivers ; Computer programs ; Nature conservation ; Biodiversity ; Sustainability ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 315-322
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  • 9
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 10
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    The production of algae growing on gravel in a chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5160 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:35 | 5160 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Epilithic algae, ie that growing on the surface of stones, was studied as part of the work on the energy flow of the chalk-stream ecosystem, by the River Laboratory. The study area was on Bere Stream and 2 neighbouring streams. The algal biomass was estimated from analysis of chlorophyll a. In Bere Stream the peak chlorophyll a cover occurred in April, while in the neighbouring streams, which have considerably lower nutrient levels, there was on peak. Assuming that 2% of a diatoms dry wt is chlorophyll a, then even in mid-April the biomass of epilithic algae amounted to no more than 15 g dry wt m Super(-2) of exposed gravel. Annual production was calculated to be 〉 15 times greater than biomass. The estimation of net primary production is always difficult for benthic floras and comparisons are especially difficult when different methods are used. But these figures contrast sharply with those for Ranunculus (water crowfoot) which has a ratio of annual production to maximal seasonal biomass of 1:16. The accumulation of algal biomass is apparently being prevented. Some organic matter may be excreted; some algae will be washed off the bed of the stream by current and grazing by herbivorous invertebrates will also tend to prevent algal accumulation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Phytoplankton ; Algae ; England ; Dorset ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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