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  • 04. Solid Earth  (13)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology  (7)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy  (6)
  • MDPI  (9)
  • Wiley  (9)
  • Agu  (6)
  • Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 1
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    Geodetic Study of the 2006–2010 Ground Deformation in La Palma (Canary Islands): Observational Results (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: La Palma is one of the youngest of the Canary Islands, and historically the most active. The recent activity and unrest in the archipelago, the moderate seismicity observed in 2017 and 2018 and the possibility of catastrophic landslides related to the Cumbre Vieja volcano have made it strongly advisable to ensure a realistic knowledge of the background surface deformation on the island. This will then allow any anomalous deformation related to potential volcanic unrest on the island to be detected by monitoring the surface deformation. We describe here the observation results obtained during the 2006–2010 period using geodetic techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) and microgravimetry. These results show that, although there are no significant associated variations in gravity, there is a clear surface deformation that is spatially and temporally variable. Our results are discussed from the point of view of the unrest and its implications for the definition of an operational geodetic monitoring system for the island
    Description: This research was mainly funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades research project DEEP-MAPS, grant agreement number RTI2018-093874-B-I00. It was also partially supported by the CSIC project 201530E019 and the project GEOSIR, grant agreement AYA2010-17448 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2566
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: A-DInSAR ; GNSS ; gravimetry ; La Palma ; Canary Islands ; volcanic unrest ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Granger Causality Analysis of Geophysical, Geodetic and Geochemical Observations during Volcanic Unrest: A Case Study in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy) (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The recent signs of reawakening at Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) received a great deal of attention due to the issues related to the volcanic risk management in a densely populated area. This paper explores relations between ground deformations, seismicity and geochemical time series in the time span 2004–2016. The aim is to unravel primary processes of unrest and the related indicators which may change in time. Data structure and interactions among variables were examined applying the clustering analysis, the correlations and the Granger causality test. The hierarchical agglomerative clustering detected two sub-periods which were further investigated. In both sub-period causal links were observed between variables while correlations did not appear and vice versa. Thus, well established formal approaches are required to study causal relations. Granger test results indicate that during 2004–2011 the awakening unrest could be mainly ascribed to hydrothermal system pressure fluctuations, probably induced by deep-rooted fluids injection, and that ground deformation together with CO2/H2O appears the most suitable geo-indicators. The 2011–2016 sub-period is characterized by enhanced dynamical connectivity. Granger test results suggest that the unrest is driven by a more localized and shallower thermohydromechanical engine. CO/CO2, He/CH4 and ground deformation velocity are mutually interacting appearing the most suitable geo-indicators.
    Description: INGV Project PRIN n. 20174 × 3P29 FLUIDS
    Description: Published
    Description: 185
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Granger test; ground deformation; degassing; seismicity; volcanic unrest ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Geological Map of the Tocomar Basin (Puna Plateau, NW Argentina). Implication for the Geothermal System Investigation (2020)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: This paper presents a detailed geological map at the 1:20,000 scale of the Tocomar basin in the Central Puna (north-western Argentina), which extends over an area of about 80 km2 and displays the spatial distribution of the Quaternary deposits and the structures that cover the Ordovician basement and the Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic units. The new dataset includes litho-facies descriptions, stratigraphic and structural data and new 234U/230Th ages for travertine rocks. The new reconstructed stratigraphic framework, along with the structural analysis, has revealed the complex evolution of a small extensional basin including a period of prolonged volcanic activity with different eruptive centres and styles. The geological map improves the knowledge of the geology of the Tocomar basin and the local interplay between orogen-parallel thrusts and orogen-oblique fault systems. This contribution represents a fundamental support for in depth research and also for encouraging geothermal exploration and exploitation in the Puna Plateau region.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 5492
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geothermal exploration ; U/Th dating ; Southern Central Andes ; central Puna ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    On the relevance of Born theory in global seismic tomography (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Does the application of seismic Born theory, as opposed to simpler ray theory, lead to an improvement in tomographic images of the Earth? In recent publications, Montelli et al. (2004a, 2004b) and van der Hilst and de Hoop (2005) among others have expressed opposite opinions. We propose a quantitative approach to the comparison of tomographic images, which we apply to the case of surface-wave phase velocity maps derived with Born vs. ray theory.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: global seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    New Insights into Long-Term Aseismic Deformation and Regional Strain Rates from GNSS Data Inversion: The Case of the Pollino and Castrovillari Faults (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: We present a novel inverse method for discriminating regional deformation and long-term fault creep by inversion of GNSS velocities observed at the spatial scale of intraplate faults by exploiting the different spatial signatures of these two mechanisms. In doing so our method provides a refined estimate of the upper bound of the strain accumulation process. As case study, we apply this method to a six year GNSS campaign (2003–2008) set up in the southern portion of the Pollino Range over the Castrovillari and Pollino faults. We show that regional deformation alone cannot explain the observed deformation pattern and implies high geodetic strain rate, with a WSW-ENE extension of 86±41×10−9/yr. Allowing for the possibility of fault creep, the modelling of GNSS velocities is consistent with their uncertainties and they are mainly explained by a shallow creep over the Pollino fault, with a normal/strike-slip mechanism up to 5 mm/yr. The regional strain rate decrease by about 70 percent and is characterized by WNW-ESE extension of 24±28×10−9/yr. The large uncertainties affecting our estimate of regional strain rate do not allow infering whether the tectonic regime of the area is extensional or strike-slip, although the latter is slightly more likely
    Description: Published
    Description: 2921
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: regional deformation ; fault creep ; GNSS velocities ; inverse theory ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Geodetic Deformation versus Seismic Crustal Moment-Rates: Insights from the Ibero-Maghrebian Region (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Seismic and geodetic moment-rate comparisons can reveal regions with unexpected potential seismic hazards. We performed such a comparison for the Southeastern Iberia—Maghreb region. Located at the western Mediterranean border along the Eurasia–Nubia plate convergence, the region has been subject to a number of large earthquakes (M ≥ 6.5) in the last millennium. To this end, on the basis of available geological, tectonic, and seismological data, we divided the study area into twenty-five seismogenic source zones. Many of these seismogenic source zones, comprising the Western Betics, the Western Rif mountains, and the High, Middle, and Saharan Atlas, are characterized by seismic/geodetic ratio values lower than 23%, evidencing their prevailing aseismic behavior. Intermediate seismic/geodetic ratio values (between 35% and 60%) have been observed for some zones belonging to the Eastern Betics, the central Rif, and the Middle Atlas, indicating how crustal seismicity accounts only for a moderate fraction of the total deformation-rate budget. High seismic/geodetic ratio values (〉 95%) have been observed along the Tell Atlas, highlighting a fully seismic deformation.
    Description: The research performed in this study was partially supported by the Spanish CGL2015-65602-R, CGL2016-80687-R and RTI2018-093874-B-100 projects, and the Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 – call made by the University of Jaén 2018.
    Description: Published
    Description: 952
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake catalogs ; seismic/aseismic behavior ; GNSS ; earthquake hazards ; Eurasia-Nubia plate ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    New Applications in Gas Geochemistry (2021)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 976190
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geochemistry ; Atmosphere ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    New insights into fault activation and stress transfer between en echelon thrusts: The 2012 Emilia, Northern Italy, earthquake sequence (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Here we present the results of the inversion of a new geodetic data set covering the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence and the following 1 year of postseismic deformation. Modeling of the geodetic data together with the use of a catalog of 3-D relocated aftershocks allows us to constrain the rupture geometries and the coseismic and postseismic slip distributions for the two main events (Mw 6.1 and 6.0) of the sequence and to explore how these thrust events have interacted with each other. Dislocation modeling reveals that the first event ruptured a slip patch located in the center of the Middle Ferrara thrust with up to 1 m of reverse slip. The modeling of the second event, located about 15 km to the southwest, indicates a main patch with up to 60 cm of slip initiated in the deeper and flatter portion of the Mirandola thrust and progressively propagated postseismically toward the top section of the rupture plane, where most of the aftershocks and afterslip occurred. Our results also indicate that between the two main events, a third thrust segment was activated releasing a pulse of aseismic slip equivalent to a Mw 5.8 event. Coulomb stress changes suggest that the aseismic event was likely triggered by the preceding main shock and that the aseismic slip event probably brought the second fault closer to failure. Our findings show significant correlations between static stress changes and seismicity and suggest that stress interaction between earthquakes plays a significant role among continental en echelon thrusts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4742–4766
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 3T. Storia Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: continental tectonics ; source geometry ; geodetic modeling ; coulomb stress ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Paleoseismologic investigation of the fault that ruptured in the April 14, 1928, Chirpan earthquake (M 6.8), Southern Bulgaria (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seventy-five years after the destructive Chirpan earthquake of 14 April 1928, we conducted a paleoseismologic study of the causative fault combining a review of contemporary literature, geomorphology, geophysical prospecting, and trenching. We reidentified the fault scarp in the field, and mapped it over a distance of 12.5 km. Geophysical profiles and boreholes demonstrate that Chirpan scarp is the surface expression of a normal fault that was active throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. In 2002, we excavated a paleoseismologic trench to study the faulting history. A narrow fault zone separates Plio-Pleistocene alluvial sand in the footwall from Holocene alluvial and colluvial silt in the hanging wall. The 1928 earthquake is recorded by 0.45 m vertical offset of the topsoil, in accordance with contemporary descriptions. We identified three colluvial wedge-like units in the hanging wall sediments next to the fault, evidencing at least three surface-rupturing paleoearthquakes since the Atlantic. Their timing could only be loosely constrained using pollen. The penultimate event had an offset of 0.40– 0.45 m and occurred after circa 2600 calibrated years before present (cal years B.P.). Event 3 displaced a Subboreal semiarid calcic soil 0.55–0.70 m between circa 5750 and 2600 cal years B.P. The fourth event had a minimal offset of 0.50–0.70 m and occurred between circa 8900 cal years B.P. and 4900 B.C., when the region was first settled. We obtain a Holocene fault slip rate of 0.22 ± 0.12 mm/yr and an average recurrence interval of 2350 ± 643 years for earthquakes comparable to or larger than the 1928 event.
    Description: Published
    Description: B01303
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Chirpan earthquake ; 1928 ; PaleoseismologY ; Bulgaria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Compressional velocity structure and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Italy and surrounding regions (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Travel times of about 39,000 Pn arrivals recorded from regional earthquakes by the Italian Telemetered Seismic Network and by stations of nearby countries are inverted to image lateral variations of seismic velocity and anisotropy at subcrustal depth in Italy and surrounding regions. This method allows simultaneous imaging of variations of Pn velocity and anisotropy, as well as crustal thickness variations. The Po plain, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea have normal to high Pn velocities. In contrast, lower velocities (7.9-8.0 km/s) are imaged in Italy beneath the western Alps, the northern Apennines, and eastern Sicily and nearby Calabria, as well as in northern Albania and beneath the Pannonian basin. Low Pn velocities beneath the northern Apennines correlate with present-day extension and may have resulted from thermal anomalies in the uppermost mantle due to delamination processes. Low velocities are consistent with the high-attenuation zone inferred in the uppermost mantle beneath the internal Apennine units and the Tyrrhenian margin of the peninsula by Mele et al. [1996, 1997]. On the contrary, low velocities beneath the western Alps may be an apparent effect due to the abrupt thickening of the crustal roots. Pn velocity is anisotropic in the study area with a maximum amplitude of ± 0.2 km/s. The largest anisotropic velocity anomalies are observed along the major arc structures of Italy, i.e., the northern Apennines and the Calabrian Arc, indicating that these features are controlled by uppermost mantle processes. The anisotropy anomaly along the Calabrian Arc extends as far as Albania but ends abruptly north of this area, suggesting that a lithospheric discontinuity is present along the northern Albanian border.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12,529-12,543
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pn anisotropic tomography ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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