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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow  (2)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
  • Agu  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the dynamic traction evolution during the spontaneous propagation of a 3-D earthquake rupture governed by slip-weakening or rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws and accounting for thermal pressurization effects. The analytical solutions as well as temperature and pore pressure evolutions are discussed in the companion paper by Bizzarri and Cocco. Our numerical experiments reveal that frictional heating and thermal pressurization modify traction evolution. The breakdown stress drop, the characteristic slip-weakening distance, and the fracture energy depend on the slipping zone thickness (2w) and hydraulic diffusivity (w). Thermally activated pore pressure changes caused by frictional heating yield temporal variations of the effective normal stress acting on the fault plane. In the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction, these thermal perturbations modify both the effective normal stress and the friction coefficient. Breakdown stress drop, slip-weakening distance, and specific fracture energy (J/m2) increase for decreasing values of hydraulic diffusivity and slipping zone thickness. We propose scaling relations to evaluate the effect of w and w on these physical parameters. We have also investigated the effects of choosing different evolution laws for the state variable. We have performed simulations accounting for the porosity evolution during the breakdown time. Our results point out that thermal pressurization modifies the shape of the slip-weakening curves. For particular configurations, the traction versus slip curves display a gradual and continuous weakening for increasing slip: in these cases, the definitions of a minimum residual stress and the slip-weakening distance become meaningless.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: thermal pressurization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the role of frictional heating and thermal pressurization on earthquake ruptures by modeling the spontaneous propagation of a three-dimensional (3-D) crack on a planar fault governed by assigned constitutive laws and allowing the evolution of effective normal stress. We use both slip-weakening and rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws; in this latter case we employ the Linker and Dieterich evolution law for the state variable, and we couple the temporal variations of friction coefficient with those of effective normal stress. In the companion paper we investigate the effects of thermal pressurization on the dynamic traction evolution. We solve the 1-D heat conduction equation coupled with Darcy’s law for fluid flow in porous media. We obtain a relation that couples pore fluid pressure to the temperature evolution on the fault plane. We analytically solve the thermal pressurization problem by considering an appropriate heat source for a fault of finite thickness. Our modeling results show that thermal pressurization reduces the temperature increase caused by frictional heating. However, the effect of the slipping zone thickness on temperature changes is stronger than that of thermal pressurization, at least for a constant porosity model. Pore pressure and effective normal stress evolution affect the dynamic propagation of the earthquake rupture producing a shorter breakdown time and larger breakdown stress drop and rupture velocity. The evolution of the state variable in the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction laws is very different when thermal pressurization is active. In this case the evolution of the friction coefficient differs substantially from that inferred from a slip-weakening law. This implies that the traction evolution and the dynamic parameters are strongly affected by thermal pressurization.
    Description: Published
    Description: B05303
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: thermal pressurization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Agu
    In:  Froger, J.-L., O. Merle, and P. Briole (2001), Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 245–258. Gvirtzman, Z., and A. Nur (1999), The formation of Mount Etna as the consequence of slab rollback, Nature, 401, 782–785. Leslie, S. C., G. F. Moore, J. K. Morgan, and D. J. Hills (2002), Seismic stratigraphy of the frontal Hawaiian moat: Implications for sedimentary processes at the leading edge of an oceanic hotspot trace, Mar. Geol., 184, 143–162. Lundgren, P., F. Casu, M. Manzo, A. Pepe, P. Berardino, E. Sansosti, and R. Lanari (2004), Gravity and magma induced spreading of Mount Etna volcano revealed by satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04602, doi:10.1029/2003GL018736. Maramai, A., L. Graziani, G. Alessio, P. Burrato, L. Colini, L. Cucci, R. Nappi, A. Nardi, and G.Vilardo (2005), Near- and far-field survey report of the 30 December 2002 Stromboli (Southern Italy) tsunami, Mar. Geol., 215, 93– 106. Moore, J. G., D. A. Clague, R. T. Holcomb, P. W. Lipman, W. R. Normak, and M. E. Torresan (1989), Prodigious submarine landslides on the Hawaiian ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,465–17,484. Morgan, J. K., F. M. Moore, J. Hills, and S. Leslie (2000), Overthrusting and sediment accretion along Kilauea’s mobile south flank, Hawaii: Evidence for volcanic spreading from marine seismic reflection data, Geology, 28, 667–670. Monaco, C., P. Tapponier, L. Tortorici, and P. Y. Gillot (1997), Late quaternary slip-rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal fault and tectonic origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 125– 139. Nicolich, R., M. Laigle, A. Hirn, L. Cernobori, and J. Gallart (2000), Crustal structure of the Ionian margin of Sicily: Etna volcano in the frame of regional evolution, Tectonophysics, 329, 121– 139. Romano, R., and C. Sturiale (1982), The historical eruptions of Mt. Etna (volcanological data), in Mt. Etna Volcano, edited by R. Romano, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 23, 75–97. von Huene, R., C. R. Ranero, and P. Watts (2004), Tsunamigenic slope failure along Middle America Trench in two tectonic settings, Mar. Geol., 203, 303– 317. Yilmaz, O. (1987), Seismic data processing, Invest. Geophys., vol. 2, Soc. of Explor. Geophys., 562 pp., Tulsa, Okla.
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: High resolution seismic data, we collected in the Ionian sea, reveal large submarine landslide deposits offshore from Mt. Etna (Italy), spatially consistent with the eastern flank collapse of this volcano. A large debris-avalanche deposit, we relate to the Valle del Bove scar, displays long offshore run-outs (till 20 km) and a volume of a few tens of cubic kilometres (16–21 km3). Other landslide deposits are also imaged, in particular a striking unique record of the relative timing of multiple submarine large slump events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: submarine landslides ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Italy has a strong geothermal potential for power generation, although, at present, the only two geothermal fields being exploited are Larderello-Travale/Radicondoli and Mt. Amiata in the Tyrrhenian pre-Apennine volcanic district of Southern Tuscany. A new target for geothermal exploration and exploitation in Italy is represented by the Southern Tyrrhenian submarine volcanic district, a geologically young basin (Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene) characterised by tectonic extension where many seamounts have developed. Heat-flow data from that area show significant anomalies comparable to those of onshore geothermal fields. Fractured basaltic rocks facilitate seawater infiltration and circulation of hot water chemically altered by rock/water interactions, as shown by the widespread presence of hydrothermal deposits. The persistence of active hydrothermal activity is consistently shown by many different sources of evidence, including: heat-flow data, gravity and magnetic anomalies, widespread presence of hydrothermal-derived gases (CO2, CO, CH4), 3He/4He isotopic ratios, as well as broadband OBS/H seismological information, which demonstrates persistence of volcano-tectonic events and High Frequency Tremor (HFT). The Marsili and Tyrrhenian seamounts are thus an important—and likely long-lasting-renewable energy resource. This raises the possibility of future development of the world’s first offshore geothermal power plant.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4068-4086
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Marsili seamount ; hydrothermal circulation ; geothermal resource ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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