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  • Books  (6)
  • Journals
  • Meteorologie
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
  • Collège de France  (4)
  • African Minds  (2)
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  • Books  (6)
  • Journals
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  • 1
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dans les années 1920, une théorie mathématique (la diagonalisation des matrices) et une question physique (la détermination du spectre des atomes), nées indépendamment, se sont rejointes pour donner naissance à la mécanique quantique et à la branche des mathématiques appelée « théorie spectrale ». Celle-ci intervient dans toute équation d’évolution linéaire, dont elle décompose les solutions en une superposition de solutions stationnaires dites « modes propres », qui vibrent à des « fréquences propres » : ces fréquences constituent le « spectre ». Située à l’intersection de plusieurs communautés mathématiques, la géométrie spectrale vise à comprendre le lien entre la géométrie initiale d’un objet et son spectre de vibration. L’auteure entreprend de retracer l’histoire de ce domaine très actif à travers quelques grands thèmes de recherche passés et actuels.
    Keywords: mathématiques ; géométrie spectrale ; physique quantique ; sciences ; spectre ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: “Ma grande église et ma petite chapelle”: this is how, in 1894, the eminent medievalist Gaston Paris referred to the two institutions at which he taught: the Collège de France and the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE). Founded respectively in 1530 and 1868, these two places of “science in the making” (Ernest Renan) have maintained almost symbiotic ties, as many scholars and professors have moved from one to the other or have worked simultaneously in both. It is on these elective affinities that this book, the product of a symposium organized at the Collège de France on the occasion of the EPHE’s 150th anniversary, sheds light through studies on the history of these two institutions, reviews by discipline (comparative grammar, history of religions, anthropology, Sinology, Assyriology, Egyptology) and portraits of some key personalities (Ernest Renan, Gaston Paris, Abel Lefranc, Sylvain Lévi, Louis Robert). Beyond the anecdotal, prosopography or fortuitous institutional crossovers, these studies afford an opportunity to reflect on the joint role of these two institutions in the history of knowledge.
    Keywords: enseignement supérieur ; recherche ; histoire des savoirs ; histoire ; institutions académiques ; Collège de France ; École pratique des hautes études ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: French
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Since the 1990s, global academic publishing has been transformed by digitisation, consolidation and the rise of the internet. The data produced by commercially owned citation indexes increasingly defines legitimate academic knowledge. Publication in prestigious ‘high impact’ journals can be traded for academic promotion, tenure and job-security. African researchers and publishers labour in the shadows of a global knowledge system dominated by ‘Northern’ journals and by global publishing conglomerates. This book goes beyond the numbers. It tells the story of how the Ghanaian academy is being transformed by this bibliometric economy. It offers a rich account of the voices and perspectives of Ghanaian academics and African journal publishers. How, where and when are Ghana’s researchers disseminating their work, and what do these experiences reveal about an unequal global science system? Is there pressure to publish in ‘reputable’ international journals, what role do supervisors, collaborators and mentors play, and how do academics manage in conditions of scarcity? Putting the insights of more than 40 Ghanaian academics into dialogue with journal editors and publishers from across the continent, the book highlights creative responses, along with the emergence of new regional research ecosystems. This is an important Africa-centred analysis of Anglophone academic publishing on the continent and its relationship to global science.
    Keywords: Ghana ; publishing ; science ; global sciece ; academic publishing ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry and journalism::KNTP1 Publishing and book trade ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Partie de sa niche éco-géographique africaine, l’espèce Homo sapiens a étendu son emprise sur l’ensemble de la planète au cours de son expansion, entraînant une perte de la biodiversité et la disparition d’autres espèces humaines, comme les Néandertaliens, avec lesquelles elle a parfois coexisté. Comment notre espèce s’est-elle ainsi imposée ? Était-elle réellement plus avancée que les autres formes d’humanité qui ont évolué parallèlement à elle ? Cette leçon inaugurale tente de définir Homo sapiens, de l’évolution de ses traits morphologiques et physiques à ses capacités cognitives, en passant par la maîtrise de certaines technologies.
    Keywords: Homo sapiens ; paléoanthropologie ; espèce humaine ; environnement ; adaptation ; évolution ; origine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDG Industrial applications of scientific research and technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology
    Language: French
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  • 5
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    African Minds
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "Modern-day science is under great pressure. A potent mix of increasing expectations, limited resources, tensions between competition and cooperation, and the need for evidence-based funding is creating major change in how science is conducted and perceived. Amidst this ‘perfect storm’ is the allure of ‘research excellence’, a concept that drives decisions made by universities and funders, and defines scientists’ research strategies and career trajectories. But what is ‘excellent’ science? And how to recognise it? After decades of inquiry and debate there is still no satisfactory answer. Are we asking the wrong question? Is reality more complex, and ‘excellence in science’ more elusive, than many are willing to admit? And how should excellence be defined in different parts of the world, particularly in lower-income countries of the ‘Global South’ where science is expected to contribute to pressing development issues, despite often scarce resources? Many wonder whether the Global South is importing, with or without consenting, the flawed tools for research evaluation from North America and Europe that are not fit for purpose. This book takes a critical view of these issues, touching on conceptual issues and practical problems that inevitably emerge when ‘excellence’ is at the center of science systems. Emerging from the capacity-building work of the Science Granting Councils Initiative in sub-Saharan Africa, it speaks to scholars, as well as to managers and funders of research around the world. Confronting sticky problems and uncomfortable truths, the chapters contain insights and recommendations that point towards new solutions – both for the Global South and the Global North."
    Keywords: research excellence ; RE ; science ; Global South ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: undefined
    Keywords: génétique ; génétique des populations ; génomique ; génomique humaine ; diversité biologique ; immunologie ; diversité ; épidémiologie ; évolution ; diversité phénotypique ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: French
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