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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics  (38)
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions  (29)
  • American Geophysical Union  (42)
  • AGU  (21)
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  • 1
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    Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements reveal low-velocity zones beneath the new crust in the Gulf of California (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: Rayleigh wave tomography provides images of the shallow mantle shear wave velocity structure beneath the Gulf of California. Low-velocity zones (LVZs) are found on axis between 26 and 50 km depth beneath the Guaymas Basin but mostly off axis under the other rift basins, with the largest feature underlying the Ballenas Transform Fault. We interpret the broadly distributed LVZs as regions of partial melting in a solid mantle matrix. The pathway for melt migration and focusing is more complex than an axis-centered source aligned above a deeper region of mantle melt and likely reflects the magmatic evolution of rift segments. We also consider the existence of solid lower continental crust in the Gulf north of the Guaymas Basin, where the association of the LVZs with asthenospheric upwelling suggests lateral flow assisted by a heat source. These results provide key constraints for numerical models of mantle upwelling and melt focusing in this young oblique rift.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1766–1774
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Low velocities in the Gulf upper mantle are interpreted as partial melting ; Partial melting under the Guaymas Basin and off axis of the other rift basins ; Lower crustal flow assisted by heat source in N Gulf near mantle upwelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Effect of glass on the frictional behavior of basalts at seismic slip rates (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: We performed 31 friction experiments on glassy basalts (GB) and glass-free basalts (GFB) at slip rates up to 6.5 m s−1 and normal stress up to 40 MPa (seismic conditions). Frictional weakening was associated to bulk frictional melting and lubrication. The weakening distance (Dw) was about 3 times shorter in GB than in GFB, but the steady state friction was systematically higher in GB than in GFB. The shorter Dw in GB may be explained by the thermal softening occurring at the glass transition temperature (Tg ~500°C), which is lower than the bulk melting temperature (Tm ~1250°C) of GFB. Postexperiment microanalyses suggest that the larger crystal fraction measured in GB melts results in the higher steady state friction value compared to the GFB melts. The effect of interstitial glass is to facilitate frictional instability and rupture propagation in GB with respect to GFB.
    Description: Published
    Description: 348-355
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20160201
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Friction ; Basalts ; Interstitial glass ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Timing and magnitude of rotations in the frontal thrust systems of southwestern Sicily (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-08
    Description: We report new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from upper Tortonian to middle Pleistocene sediments which were deposited upon and adjacent to active thrust structures in southwestern Sicily. The data show that the Plio-Pleistocene sediments from the Belice and Menfi basins (covering the Saccense shelf limestones) underwent any internal shortening after the early Pleistocene (Santernian), as well as any net rotation. Sediments around this area (which overlie basinal Meso-Cenozoic successions) record systematic rotations: one upper Tortonian site to the west is ~30° counterclockwise rotated, while to the east, lower Pliocene to middle lower Pleistocene sites within the Gela Nappe domain show 25° to 56° clockwise (CW) rotations. These data show that the ductile basinal sediments were bent and rotated around the rigid Saccense carbonates during the thin-skinned southward propagation of the orogenic front. We document here that the coastal sediments from the southwestern Gela Nappe underwent both a post middle early Pleistocene ~30° CW rotation and a post middle Pleistocene E-W to ESE-WNW flattening (revealed by AMS). Our data then constrain to the late Pleistocene-Holocene the age of the last shortening episode occurring in the southwestern Gela Nappe front. Pleistocene rotations of similar amount also characterize the Sicanian domain, implying that it was incorporated in the Gela Nappe wedge during the recentmost episodes of deformation. This evidence allows us to better understand the very large (up to 114°) post Mesozoic rotations reported by Channell et al. [1980, 1990] for the Sicanian limestones, as related to both Miocene (or older?) deformational episodes and the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the Gela Nappe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1178-1197
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; tectonic rotations ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Textural and geophysical characterization of explosive basaltic activity at Villarrica volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Villarrica volcano (Chile) is one of the most active volcanoes in South America. Its activity is currently characterized by continuous degassing from a summit lava lake/vent punctuated by explosive events. During November 2004 a multidisciplinary experiment was deployed for a 10-d period to define the style of emission and infer shallow conduit dynamics at this basaltic center. This involved collection of thermal, seismic and infrasonic data to describe the background activity confined inside the crater, and use of samples to texturally and chemically characterize the ejecta from more energetic explosions able to attain the crater rim. The background activity was characterized by gas bursting with a frequency of 9 events per minute. This involved emission of gas puffs fed by bubble bursting, with larger bursts emplacing sheets of magma onto the lower crater walls. The ejecta population from the more energetic events was characterized by the coexistence of both scoriae and golden pumice. These two types of clasts have different textures but identical glass compositions, suggesting that they underwent different conduit histories. The golden pumice is interpreted as the expanding inner part of a short-lived jet fed by a rapidly ascending, magma batch. The scoria forms the outer portion of the jet and comprises degassed material entrained during passage of the fresh batch through material residing in the upper-most portion of the conduit. We thus have a largely degassed upper column that feeds persistent bubble bursting, through which fresh batches occasionally rise to feed events of relatively higher energy.
    Description: Published
    Description: B08206
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: basaltic activity ; remote sensing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Neotectonics and long-term seismicity in Europe and the Mediterranean region (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: We present a neotectonic model of ongoing lithosphere deformation and a corresponding estimate of long-term shallow seismicity across the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary, including the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean region, and continental Europe. GPS and stress data are absent or inadequate for the part of the study area covered by water. Thus, we opt for a dynamic model based on the stress-equilibrium equation; this approach allows us to estimate the long-term behavior of the lithosphere (given certain assumptions about its structure and physics) for both land and sea areas. We first update the existing plate model by adding five quasi-rigid plates (the Ionian Sea, Adria, Northern Greece, Central Greece, and Marmara) to constrain the deformation pattern of the study area. We use the most recent datasets to estimate the lithospheric structure. The models are evaluated in comparison with updated datasets of geodetic velocities and the most compressive horizontal principal stress azimuths. We find that the side and basal strengths drive the present-day motion of the Adria and Aegean Sea plates, whereas lithostatic pressure plays a key role in driving Anatolia. These findings provide new insights into the neotectonics of the greater Mediterranean region. Finally, the preferred model is used to estimate long-term shallow seismicity, which we retrospectively test against historical seismicity. As an alternative to reliance on incomplete geologic data or historical seismic catalogs, these neotectonic models help to forecast long-term seismicity, although requiring additional tuning before seismicity rates are used for seismic hazard purposes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5311–5342
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Earthquake rates ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    High-speed imaging of Strombolian explosions: The ejection velocity of pyroclasts (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Explosive volcanic eruptions are defined as the violent ejection of gas and hot fragments from a vent in the Earth's crust. Knowledge of ejection velocity is crucial for understanding and modeling relevant physical processes of an eruption, and yet direct measurements are still a difficult task with largely variable results. Here we apply pioneering high-speed imaging to measure the ejection velocity of pyroclasts from Strombolian explosive eruptions with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Measured supersonic velocities, up to 405 m/s, are twice higher than previously reported for such eruptions. Individual Strombolian explosions include multiple, sub-second-lasting ejection pulses characterized by an exponential decay of velocity. When fitted with an empirical model from shock-tube experiments literature, this decay allows constraining the length of the pressurized gas pockets responsible for the ejection pulses. These results directly impact eruption modeling and related hazard assessment, as well as the interpretation of geophysical signals from monitoring networks.
    Description: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm”, FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks”, and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008 – 235328 Projects
    Description: Published
    Description: L02301
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: strombolian ; ejection velocity ; explosive eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Tectonics and seismicity of the Tindari Fault System, southern Italy: Crustal deformations at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional domains located above the edge of a subducting slab (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The Tindari Fault System (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is a regional zone of brittle deformation located at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional crustal compartments and lying above the western edge of a narrow subducting slab. Onshore structural data, an offshore seismic reflection profile, and earthquake data are analyzed to constrain the present geometry of the Tindari Fault System and its tectonic evolution since Neogene, including the present seismicity. Results show that this zone of deformation consists of a broad NNW trending system of faults including sets of right-lateral, left-lateral, and extensional faults as well as early strike-slip faults reworked under late extension. Earthquakes and other neotectonic data provide evidence that the Tindari Fault System is still active in the central and northern sectors and mostly accommodates extensional or rightlateral transtensional displacements on a diffuse array of faults. From these data, a multiphase tectonic history is inferred, including an early phase as a right-lateral strike-slip fault and a late extensional reworking under the influence of the subductionrelated processes, which have led to the formation of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin. Within the present, regional, geodynamic context, the Tindari Fault System is interpreted as an ongoing accommodation zone between the adjacent contractional and extensional crustal compartments, these tectonic compartments relating to the complex processes of plate convergence occurring in the region. The Tindari Fault System might also be included in an incipient, oblique-extensional, transfer zone linking the ongoing contractional belts in the Calabrian-Ionian and southern Tyrrhenian compartments.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC2006
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3563464 bytes
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  • 8
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    Slope Failures Induced by the December 2002 Eruption at Stromboli Volcano (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-15
    Description: We reconstruct the sequence of landslides that occurred soon after the beginning of the December 2002 eruption on the NW flank of Stromboli volcano. Landslides involved the northeastern part of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) slope, an old collapse scar filled by products of volcanic activity, producing tsunami waves that severely damaged the coast of the island of Stromboli. Volumes of the mass detached from the subaerial and submarine slope were quantified by comparing preslide and postslide slope surfaces obtained by aerophotogrammetric and bathymetric data, which also allowed, in conjunction with field observations and helicopter surveys, the reconstruction of geometry and kinematics of landslides. According to the reconstructed sequence, 2 d after the beginning of the eruption, the upper part of the NE sector of the SdF slope experienced major displacements (few tens of meters). Movements propagated downslope and affected the nearshore portion of the submerged slope without a rapid sliding of the displaced mass into the sea. The following hours were characterized by a progressive increase of deformations, localized along shear zones extending over two thirds of the subaerial slope. This phase proceeded until a submarine slide about 6 ´ 106 m3 in volume occurred, causing a first tsunami wave. The subaerial mass delimited by the shear zones and unbuttressed at its foot, then slipped into the sea producing a second tsunami wave. The main landslide event (and the minor slumps which followed) removed a volume of about 10 ´ 106 m3 of the infilling deposit, to a thickness of at least 65 m. Hypotheses were formulated on the mechanisms that controlled the different phases of the instability sequence. Since hydraulic and stress/strain conditions progressively changed during the slope evolution, the formulated mechanisms are also based on geotechnical analyses and considerations on the mechanical behavior of volcaniclastic materials. The process that led to the landslide events was initiated by forces exerted by magma intruded into the slope, while further steps of the evolution of slope stability conditions (especially the submarine failure) were controlled by the particular shear behavior of the volcaniclastic material, mainly influenced by grain crushability. In fact, strength progressively decreased as shear strains proceeded, and the intensely sheared saturated material forming the submarine slope may have become susceptible of failure when sudden strain/ stress increments occurred.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Slope Failures Induced by Eruption ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
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    Seismotectonics of the Southern Apennines and Adriatic foreland: insights on active regional E-W shear zones from analogue modeling (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The active tectonics at the front of the Southern Apennines and in the Adriatic foreland is characterized by E-W striking, right-lateral seismogenic faults, interpreted as reactivated inherited discontinuities. The best studied among these is the Molise-Gondola shear zone (MGsz). The interaction of these shear zones with the Apennines chain is not yet clear. To address this open question we developed a set of scaled analogue experiments, aimed at analyzing: 1) how dextral strike-slip motion along a pre-existing zone of weakness within the foreland propagates toward the surface and affects the orogenic wedge; 2) the propagation of deformation as a function of displacement; 3) any insights on the active tectonics of Southern Italy. Our results stress the primary role played by these inherited structures when reactivated, and confirm that regional E-W dextral shear zones are a plausible way of explaining the seismotectonic setting of the external areas of the Southern Apennines.
    Description: INGV, Università degli Studi di Pavia
    Description: Published
    Description: 21
    Description: open
    Keywords: Active strike-slip fault ; sandbox model ; southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    A study of regional waveform calibration in the eastern Mediterranean (2006)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We modeled Pnl phases from several moderate magnitude earthquakes in the eastern Mediterranean to test methods and develop path calibrations for determining source parameters. The study region, which extends from the eastern part of the Hellenic arc to the eastern Anatolian fault, is dominated by moderate earthquakes that can produce significant damage. Our results are useful for analyzing regional seismicity as well as seismic hazard, because very few broadband seismic stations are available in the selected area. For the whole region we have obtained a single velocity model characterized by a 30 km thick crust, low upper mantle velocities and a very thin lid overlaying a distinct low velocity layer. Our preferred model proved quite reliable for determining focal mechanism and seismic moment across the entire range of selected paths. The source depth is also well constrained, especially for moderate earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Body wave propagation ; earthquake parameters ; lithosphere ; upper-mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 690519 bytes
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