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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
  • AGU  (4)
  • INGV  (4)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (2)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 1
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    Local stresses, dyke arrest and surface deformation in volcanic edificesand rift zones (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Field studies indicate that nearly all eruptions in volcanic edifices and rift zones are supplied with magma through fractures (dykes) that are opened by magmatic overpressure. While (inferred) dyke injections are frequent during unrest periods, volcanic eruptions are, in comparison, infrequent, suggesting that most dykes become arrested at certain depths in the crust, in agreement with field studies. The frequency of dyke arrest can be partly explained by the numerical models presented here which indicate that volcanic edifices and rift zones consisting of rocks of contrasting mechanical properties, such as soft pyroclastic layers and stiff lava flows, commonly develop local stress fields that encourage dyke arrest. During unrest, surface deformation studies are routinely used to infer the geometries of arrested dykes, and some models (using homogeneous, isotropic half-spaces) infer large grabens to be induced by such dykes. Our results, however, show that the dyke-tip tensile stresses are normally much greater than the induced surface stresses, making it difficult to explain how a dyke can induce surface stresses in excess of the tensile (or shear) strength while the same strength is not exceeded at the (arrested) dyke tip. Also, arrested dyke tips in eroded or active rift zones are normally not associated with dyke-induced grabens or normal faults, and some dykes arrested within a few metres of the surface do not generate faults or grabens. The numerical models show that abrupt changes in Young's moduli(stiffnesses), layers with relatively high dyke-normal compressive stresses (stress barriers), and weak horizontal contacts may make the dyke-induced surface tensile stresses too small for significant fault or graben formation to occur in rift zones or volcanic edifices. Also, these small surface stresses may have no simple relation to the dyke geometry or the depth to its tip. Thus, for a layered crust with weak contacts, straightforward inversion of surface geodetic data may lead to unreliable geometries of arrested dykes in active rift zones and volcanic edifices.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: dyke injection ; dyke arrest ; crustalstresses ; crustal layering ; surface deformation ; volcanic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Mechanical erosion of xenoliths by magmatic shear flow (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: We focus on the role of mechanical erosion by magmatic shear flow in the formation of xenoliths occurring in lava flows. The process is analyzed by combining the physics of fragmentation and erosion to the concept of rock mass. The conditions for the country rock fragmentation are analyzed as a function of the magma viscosity, strain rate and tensile strength of the rock mass. In reservoirs, mechanical processes play a subordinate role and thermal erosion processes prevail. In conduits, intermediate and silicic magmas may erode and, eventually, fragment good to poor quality country rock masses. Basalts may erode poor quality country rocks. A crystal-rich magma has more chance to break up the conduit walls with respect to a vesiculated melt. The variety of xenoliths of a lava reflects a set of wall-rocks with similar mechanical properties and may not mirror the stratigraphy of the substratum of a volcanic area.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09302
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: xenoliths ; erosion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Permeability-porosity relationship: a reexamination of Kozeny-Carman equation based on a fractal pore-space geometry assumption (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The relationship between permeability and porosity is reviewed and investigated. The classical Kozeny-Carman approach and a fractal pore-space geometry assumption are used to derive a new permeability-porosity equation. The equation contains only two fitting parameters: a Kozeny coefficient and a fractal exponent. The strongest features of the model are related to its simplicity and its capability to describe measured permeability values of different non-granular porous media better than other models.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02318
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Newly discovered submarine flank eruption at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The NW submarine portion of Stromboli volcano has been investigated by deep-towed sidescan sonar, bathymetric surveys, video camera runs and dredging during two research cruises in 2002 and 2004. The surveys resulted in the identification of an extensive pillow lava field (106-107m3) at about 2300 m of water depth and 9 km from the shoreline of Stromboli Island. The pillow lavas have a unique composition that does not match any known subaerial product, although a limited affinity exists with those erupted during the Neostromboli eruptive cycle of the island (13–6 ka). This is the first finding of a submarine eruption on the northern side of Stromboli and improves the knowledge of its flank activity and volcanic hazards. This eruption is interpreted as marking the onset of a new volcanic cycle from the edifice periphery fed by a new, distinct magma mixed with traces of the previous magma that survived the emptying of the Neostromboli magma chamber.
    Description: Published
    Description: L16310
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; flank eruption ; pillow lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Il Somma Vesuvio: storia eruttiva e impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il Somma-Vesuvio insieme a Campi Flegrei, Procida e Ischia è uno dei quattro vulcani presenti nell’area napoletana (Fig. 1). Fin dall’ultima eruzione, avvenuta nel marzo 1944, il vulcano è quiescente e caratterizzato solo da moderate emissioni fumaroliche e sismicità, prevalentemente concentrate in area craterica. La storia passata del vulcano suggerisce che la quiescenza può culminare in un eruzione esplosiva che, potenzialmente, può interessare aree molto vaste. Solo nelle immediate vicinanze del vulcano, cioè entro un raggio di 10 km, risiedono circa 600.000 persone, potenzialmente esposte agli effetti significativi di fenomeni vulcanici, quali scorrimento di colate piroclastiche, accumulo di grossi spessori di depositi da caduta e scorrimento di lahars. Questa breve nota ha lo scopo di illustrare, per grandi linee, la storia eruttiva del Somma-Vesuvio, la sua evoluzione morfologica e strutturale e l’impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio.
    Description: Published
    Description: 14-21
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Somma-Vesuvio ; Impatto sul territorio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example o fthe 1809 Etna eruption (Italy) (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we describe the 1809 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, which represents one historical rare case in which it is possible to observe details of the internal structure of the feeder system. This is possible thanks to the presence of two large pit craters located in the middle of the eruptive fracture field that allow studying a section of the shallow feeder system. Along the walls of one of these craters, we analysed well-exposed cross sections of the uppermost 15–20 m of the feeder system and related volcanic products. Here, we describe the structure, morphology and lithology of this portion of the 1809 feeder system, including the host rock which conditioned the propagation of the dyke, and compare the results with other recent eruptions. Finally, we propose the dynamic model of the magma behaviour inside a laterally-propagating feeder dyke, demonstrating how this dynamic triggered important changes in the eruptive style (from effusive/Strombolian to phreatomagmatic) during the same eruption. Our results are also useful for hazard assessment related to the development of flank eruptions, potentially the most hazardous type of eruption from basaltic volcanoes in densely urbanized areas, such as Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: feeder dyke ; basaltic volcanoes ; flank eruptions ; Etna ; volcanic hazards ; sill ; volcanic rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Constraining the dynamics of volcanic eruptions by characterization of pumice textures (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We have characterized the textures of pumice clasts from Phlegraean Fields to gain insights into the conduit flow-dynamics of alkaline explosive eruptions. Vesicularities, vesicle number densities, and vesicle sizes and shapes were measured to obtain the bulk and groundmass properties of the juvenile fraction of Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) and Agnano Monte Spina (AMS) eruptions. The results report the coexistence of three end-member pumice types in the deposits of both eruptions, 1) microvesicular, 2) tube and 3) expanded, which differ according to clast morphology and the macro- to microscopic vesicle texture. Vesicularities (0.85-0.94 for CI, 0.51-0.91 for AMS) and vesicle number densities (2-4×105 cm-2 in CI, 3×105-106 cm-2 in AMS) span quite a wide range in all the three pumice types. Overall, tube pumices exhibit the highest bulk (0.89) and groundmass (CI 0.85, AMS 0.82) average vesicle volume fractions but the lowest average vesicle number densities (CI 2×105, AMS 4×105 cm-2). Comparison with textures of calc-alkaline pumices has revealed many similarities and points to a common origin and distribution of the products from both magma compositions within the volcanic conduit. In addition, the results of the textural analysis were interpreted in the light of the conduit flow modeling of Phlegraean Fields eruptions. The comparison of textural observations with results from simulations of conduit magma ascent has exhibited a good agreement between measured and numerically calculated vesicularities for both compositions, helping to constrain the overall dynamics of alkaline versus calc-alkaline eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Phlegraean Fields ; Plinian eruptions ; vesicle textures ; magma ascent dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Rapid differentiation in a sill-like magma reservoir: a case study from the campi flegrei caldera (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent decades, geophysical investigations have detected wide magma reservoirs beneath quiescent calderas. However, the discovery of partially melted horizons inside the crust is not sufficient to put constraints on capability of reservoirs to supply cataclysmic eruptions, which strictly depends on the chemical-physical properties of magmas (composition, viscosity, gas content etc.), and thus on their differentiation histories. In this study, by using geochemical, isotopic and textural records of rocks erupted from the high-risk Campi Flegrei caldera, we show that the alkaline magmas have evolved toward a critical state of explosive behaviour over a time span shorter than the repose time of most volcanic systems and that these magmas have risen rapidly toward the surface. Moreover, similar results on the depth and timescale of magma storage were previously obtained for the neighbouring Somma-Vesuvius volcano. This consistency suggests that there might be a unique long-lived magma pool beneath the whole Neapolitan area.
    Description: Published
    Description: article 712
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: magma ; campi flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Assetto geologico-strutturale ed evoluzione vulcanologica dell’isola d’Ischia (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’isola d’Ischia è la parte emersa di un esteso apparato vulcanico, che si erge per oltre 1.000 m dal fondo del mare, nel settore nord-occidentale del Golfo di Napoli [Bruno et al., 2002]. Unitamente alla caldera dei Campi Flegrei e all’isola di Procida, Ischia costituisce il cosiddetto Distretto Vulcanico Flegreo [Orsi et al., 1996; 2003; Fig. 1]. La genesi e la risalita dei magmi in questo distretto, e più in generale nell’intera area vulcanica campana, sono da mettersi in relazione ai processi tettonici estensionali Plio- Quaternari che hanno determinato la formazione del graben della Piana Campana, lungo il margine tirrenico della catena appenninica [Ippolito et al., 1973; D’Argenio et al., 1973: Finetti e Morelli, 1974; Bartole, 1984; Piochi et al., 2005; Orsi et al., 2003; de Vita e Marotta, 2007]. Nel corso di tali processi, la formazione di faglie dirette ad andamento NW-SE e di faglie di trasferimento da dirette a trascorrenti, ad andamento NESW, ha determinato lo smembramento del graben in una serie di blocchi e la conseguente risalita dei magmi attraverso la crosta [Carrara et al., 1973; 1974; Finetti e Morelli, 1974; Funiciello et al., 1976; Mariani e Prato, 1988; Faccenna et al., 1994].
    Description: Published
    Description: 27-32
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: storia geologica ; Isola D'Ischia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Texture and composition of pumices and scoriae from the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): implications on the dynamics of explosive eruptions (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-29
    Description: The Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera is one of the most dangerous quiescent volcanic systems in the world. Its activity mostly resulted in low magnitude explosive eruptions, such as that of the Monte Nuovo tuff cone that represents the last eruptive event within the caldera (AD 1538). However, there have been more energetic Plinian events, i.e., the Agnano Monte Spina eruption (4.1 ky), and very highly-explosive, caldera-forming eruptions, i.e., the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (39 ky). Here, we integrate new and literature data on the groundmass texture and composition of pyroclastic products from the three above eruptions with the aim of unraveling how volatiles content, degassing mechanisms and crystallization processes influence magma explosivity and eruption dynamics at CF. Previous studies indicate that the investigated rocks share similar major element bulk and phenocryst chemistry; also similar is the water content of their trapped melt inclusions. These observations suggest that the magmas feeding these eruptions had comparable physico-chemical properties during storage in the shallow crust. However, our investigations indicate that the studied rocks differ in texture and composition of the groundmass and viscosity of the related magmas. We ascribe such differences to the variable style of volatile exsolution and outgassing from the melt, primarily in response to changes of the rate of magma ascent to the surface. We conclude that the magma ascent rate was the key-parameter in driving explosive eruptions at CF and we suggest that this parameter may be influenced by magma/water interaction and/or magma chamber geometry and replenishment.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q03013
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; products ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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