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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (18)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
  • AGU  (13)
  • Copernicus Publications  (6)
  • AIQUA
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Nature Publishing Group
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    On a report that the 2012 M6:0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation (2015)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  Guangmeng, G. and Jie, Y.: Three attempts of earthquake prediction with satellite cloud images, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 91–95, doi:10.5194/nhess-13-91-2013, 2013.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes.We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012 M6:0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linearcloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic – formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1061–1068
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Earthquake precursors ; Clouds ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3493
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Comment on “Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) European multi station magnetic field analysis before and during the 2009 earthquake at L’Aquila regarding regional geotechnical information” by Prattes et al. (2011) (2012)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prattes et al. (2011) report ULF magnetic anomalous signals claiming them to be possibly precursor of the 6 April 2009 MW6.3 L’Aquila earthquake. This comment casts doubts on the possibility that the observed magnetic signatures could have a seismogenic origin by showing that these pre-earthquake signals are actually part of normal global geomagnetic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1717–1719
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Earthquake precursors ; Magnetic anomalies ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Large amplitude variations recorded by an on‐fault seismological station during the L’Aquila earthquakes: Evidence for a complex fault‐induced site effect (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: A station (FAGN) installed on a segment of the fault system that generated the April 2009 L’Aquila earthquakes shows larger ground motions compared to nearby stations. Spectral ratios using 304 earthquakes result in a station amplification significantly varying event by event in the frequency band 1–8 Hz. The resulting pattern of amplitude dependence on causative earthquake location reveals that the strongest (up to a factor of 10) amplifications occur for tightly clustered aftershocks aligned with the fault dip beneath FAGN thus indicating a fault‐guided effect. Fault models are investigated in a grid‐search approach by varying velocity, Q, width and depth of the fault zone. Although the problem solution is not unique and there are strong trade‐offs among the model parameters, constraints from observations yield a deep trapping structure model where the most likely values of velocity reduction, Q and damage zone width are 25%, 20, and 280 m, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24305
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: L'Aquila earthquake ; fault zone ; trapped waves ; site amplification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 173-177
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Non-inductive components of electromagnetic signals associated with L’Aquila earthquake sequences estimated by means of inter-station impulse response functions (2011)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 6 April 2009 at 01:32:39 UT a strong earthquake occurred west of L’Aquila at the very shallow depth of 9 km. The main shock local magnitude was Ml = 5.8 (Mw=6.3). Several powerful aftershocks occurred the following days. The epicentre of the main shock occurred 6 km away from the Geomagnetic Observatory of L’Aquila, on a fault 15 km long having a NW-SE strike, about 140 , and a SW dip of about 42 . For this reason, L’Aquila seismic events offered very favourable conditions to detect possible electromagnetic emissions related to the earthquake. The data used in this work come from the permanent geomagnetic Observatories of L’Aquila and Duronia. Here the results concerning the analysis of the residual magnetic field estimated by means of the inter-station impulse response functions in the frequency band from 0.3 Hz to 3 Hz are shown.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1047-1055
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Magnetic field measurements ; electromagnetic noise ; L'Aquila 2009 earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Brief communication “On the recent reaffirmation of ULF magnetic earthquakes precursors” (2011)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Hayakawa et al. (2009) and Hayakawa (2011) have recently reviewed some “anomalous” ULF signatures in the geomagnetic field which previous publications have claimed to be earthquake precursors. The motivation of this review is “to offer a further support to the definite presence of those anomalies”. Here, these ULF precursors are reviewed once again. This brief communication shows that the reviewed anomalies do not “increase the credibility on the presence of electromagnetic phenomena associated with an earthquake” since these anomalous signals are actually caused by normal geomagnetic activity. Furthermore, some of these ULF precursors have just been rebutted by previous publications.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2193-2198
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 8
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    Imaging the rupture of the Mw 6.3 April 6, 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake using back‐projection of teleseismic P‐waves (2011)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-25
    Description: We present rupture details of the Mw 6.3 April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake derived by back‐projecting teleseismic P waves. This technique has previously been applied to large magnitude earthquakes, but this is the first application to a moderate size event. We processed vertical‐component seismograms for 60 broadband stations obtained from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) data center. The traces were aligned and normalized using a multi‐channel cross‐correlation algorithm and 4th root stacking was used to image the rupture. We found that the L’Aquila earthquake ruptured towards the south and that a second discrete pulse of energy occurred 20–25 km east of the epicenter about 17–18 s after the nominal origin time. The spatial extent of the rupture image correlates well with a post‐seismic survey of damage in the region. Because the technique is potentially very fast (images can be produced within 20–30 minutes of the origin time), it may be useful to governmental agencies tasked with emergency response and rescue.
    Description: Published
    Description: L03301
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: L'AQUILA EARTHQUAKE ; BACK_PROJECTION ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 9
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    Static stress drop associated with brittle slip events on exhumed faults. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We estimate the static stress drop on small exhumed strike-slip faults in the Lake Edison granodiorite of the central Sierra Nevada (California). The subvertical strike-slip faults were exhumed from 4 to 15 km depth and were chosen because they are exposed in outcrop along their entire tip-to-tip lengths of 8–12 m. Slip nucleated on joints and accumulated by crystal-plastic shearing (forming quartz mylonites from early quartz vein filling in joints) and successive brittle faulting (forming epidote-bearing cataclasites). The occurrence of thin, 300 mm wide, pseudotachylytes along some small faults throughout the study area suggests that some, if not all, of the brittle slip on the study area faults may have been seismic. We suggest that the contribution of brittle, cataclastic slip to the total slip along the studied cataclasite-bearing small faults may be estimated by the length of epidote-filled, rhombohedral dilatational jogs (rhombochasms) distributed quasi-periodically along the length of the faults. The interpretation that slip recorded by rhombochasms occurred in single events is based on evidence that (1) epidote crystals are randomly oriented and undeformed within the rhombochasm; (2) cataclasite in principal slip zones does not include clasts of previous cataclasite, and (3) rhombochasm lengths vary systematically along the length of the faults with slip maximum occurring near the fault center, tapering to the fault tips. We thereby constrain both the rupture length and slip. On the basis of these measurements, we calculate stress drops ranging over 90–250 MPa, i.e., one to two orders of magnitude larger than typical seismological estimates for earthquakes, but similar in magnitude to seismological estimates of small (〈M2) earthquakes from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The slip events described in the present study occurred along small, deep-seated faults, and, given the calculated stress drops and observations that brittle faults exploited joints sealed by quartz-bearing mylonite, we conclude that these were ‘‘strong’’ faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02402
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquakes ; stress drops ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Normal faults and thrusts re-activated by deep fluids: the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake, central Italy. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On April 6 2009, a Mw=6.3 earthquake occurred in the central Apennines (Italy) damaging L’Aquila city and the surrounding country. We relocate the October 2008-April 6 2009 foreshocks and about 2000 aftershocks occurred between April 6 and April 30 2009, by applying a double-difference technique and determine the stress field from focal mechanisms. The events concentrate in the upper 15 km of the crust. Three main NW-SE to NNW-SSE striking, 30°-45° and 80°-90° dipping faults activate during the seismic sequence. Among these, a normal fault and a thrust were re-activated with dip-slip movements in response to NE-SW extension. The structural maturity of the seismogenic fault system is lower than that displayed by other systems in southern Apennines, because of the lower strain rate of the central sector of the chain with respect to the southern one. VP/VS increases progressively from October 2008 to the April 6 2009 mainshock occurrence along a NW-SE strike due to an increment in pore fluid pressure along the fault planes. Pore pressure diffusion controls the space-time evolution of aftershocks. A hydraulic diffusivity of 80 m2/s and a seismogenic permeability of about 10-12 m2 suggest the involvement of gas-rich (CO2) fluids within a highly fractured medium. Suprahydrostatic, high fluid pressure (about 200 MPa at 10 km of depth) within overpressurized traps, bounded by pre-existing structural and/or lithological discontinuities at the lower-upper crust boundary, are required to activate the April 2009 sequence. Traps are the storage zone of CO2-rich fluids uprising from the underlying, about 20 km deep, metasomatized mantle wedge. These traps easily occur in extensional regimes like in the axial sector of Apennines, but are difficult to form in strike-slip regimes, where sub-vertical faults may cross the entire crust. In the Apennines, fluids may activate faults responsible for earthquakes up to Mw=5-6. Deep fluids more than tectonic stress may control the seismotectogenesis of accretionary wedges.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06315
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: L'Aquila 2009 earthquake ; fault kinematics and reactivation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 11
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    Seismic tremor in subduction zones: the rock-physics evidence (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) have been correlated with rupture phenomena in subducting oceanic lithosphere at 30–45 km depth, where high VP/VS ratios, which suggest high-fluid pressures, have been observed. ETS, by accommodating slip in the down-dip portion of the subduction zone, may trigger megathrust earthquakes up-dip in the locked section. During dehydration experiments on serpentinite (typical rock of the oceanic lithosphere) at temperatures found in nature at 30–45 km depth (400– 550 C), we observe seismic signals in the form of acoustic emissions that closely resemble low frequency earthquakes, seismic tremor and regular earthquakes. Our findings support the concept that water released during dehydration reactions increases the pore pressures and can trigger ETS and regular earthquakes by reducing slip resistance. Citation: Burlini, L., G. Di Toro, and P. Meredith (2009), Seismic tremor in subduction zones: Rock physics evidence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08305, doi:10.1029/2009GL037735.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08305
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Non volcanic tremor ; dehydration reactions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 12
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    Rough Faults, Distributed Weakening, and Off-Fault Deformation (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report systematic spatial variations of fault rocks along non-planar strike-slip faults 11 cross-cutting the Lake Edison Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California (Sierran wavy fault) and 12 Lobbia outcrops of the Adamello Batholith in the Italian Alps (Lobbia wavy fault). In the case of 13 the Sierran fault, pseudotachylyte formed at contractional fault bends, where it is found as thin 14 (1-2 mm) fault-parallel veins. Epidote and chlorite developed in the same seismic context as the 15 pseudotachylyte and are especially abundant in extensional fault bends. We argue that the 16 presence of fluids, as illustrated by this example, does not necessarily preclude the development 17 of frictional melt. In the case of the Lobbia fault, pseudotachylyte thickness varies along the 18 length of the fault, but the pseudotachylyte veins thicken and pool in extensional bends. We 19 conduct a quantitative analysis of fault roughness, microcrack distribution, stress, and friction 20 along the Lobbia fault. 21 Numerical modeling results show that opening in extensional bends and localized thermal 22 weakening in contractional bends counteract resistance encountered by fault waviness, resulting 23 in an overall weaker fault than suggested by the corresponding static friction coefficient. The 24 models also predict static stress redistribution around bends in the faults which are consistent 25 with distributions of microcracks, indicating significant elastic and inelastic strain energy is 26 dissipated into the wall rocks due to non-planar fault geometry. Together these observations suggest that damage and energy dissipation occurs along the entire non-planar fault during slip, 28 rather than being confined to the region close to the dynamically propagating crack tip.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; rutpure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Tsunami early warning using earthquake rupture duration (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Effective tsunami early warning for coastlines near a tsunamigenic earthquake requires notification within 5-15 minutes. We have shown recently that tsunamigenic earthquakes have an apparent rupture duration, T0, greater than about 50 s. Here we show that T0 gives more information on tsunami importance than moment magnitude, Mw, and we introduce a procedure using seismograms recorded near an earthquake to rapidly determine if T0 is likely to exceed T=50 or 100 s. We show that this “duration-exceedance” procedure can be completed within 3-10 min after the earthquake occurs, depending on station density, and that it correctly identifies most recent earthquakes which produced large or devastating tsunamis. This identification forms a complement to initial estimates of the location, depth and magnitude of an earthquake to improve the reliability of tsunami early warning, and, in some cases, may make possible such warning.
    Description: DPC-S3 2007-2009
    Description: Published
    Description: L09306
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami ; fault rupture ; early warning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 14
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    Source Complexity of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila (Central Italy) Earthquake and Its Strongest Aftershock Revealed by Elementary Seismological Analysis (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismic recordings are immediately available when an earthquake occurs. Their analysis allows the reconstruction of the rupture dynamics by means of sophisticated techniques, which usually need some tests to provide robust results. However, immediate information on the source kinematics is required in order to imagine the fault location and extent and quickly reconstruct the areas of stress release and subsequent accumulation. Very simple analysis may provide useful information, giving insight in source complexity. Right after the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (MW = 6.3), we analyzed the seismograms recorded at broadband and strong motion stations and provided firm constraints on rupture kinematics, slip distribution, and static surface deformation, also discriminating the actual fault plane. The fracture occurred in two stages, with initial updip propagation, successively proceeding toward SE, possibly on a different plane. We also analyzed the strongest aftershock (MW = 5.6), showing that useful indications could be retrieved for lower magnitude events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L23305
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: L'Aquila 2009 earthquake ; directivity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 15
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    Ionospheric transients observed at mid-latitudes prior to earthquake activity in Central Italy (2010)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ionograms from Rome (41.8N, 12.5E) and Sofia (42.4N, 23.2E) ionospheric stations during earthquake(EQ)activity with magnitude(M)between 5 and 6 in Central Italy are analyzed. It is found that several ionospheric disturbances occur in the intermediate E-F region before the EQ shock. In fact, besides sporadic E (Es) layer development(of type h) of short duration (transients), fmin increase, trace gaps near the critical frequencies, and E region trace disappearance are also observed within one to three hours before the EQ shock. Before the EQ shocks we find that the F2 region parameters are practically undisturbed. The only exception is the so-called fork trace that appears mostly near the critical frequency of the F2 region. Acoustic gravity waves (AGW) are suggested as one of the possible sources of transients observed in the ionosphere before the EQ shock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1197-1208
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric transient ; ionogram ; earthquake ; acoustic gravity wave ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 16
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    The 6 April 2009 earthquake at L’Aquila: a preliminary analysis of magnetic field measurements (2010)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several investigations reported the possible identification of anomalous geomagnetic field signals prior to earthquake occurrence. In the ULF frequency range, candidates for precursory signatures have been proposed in the increase in the noise background and polarization parameter (i.e. the ratio between the amplitude/power of the vertical component and that one of the horizontal component), in the changing characteristics of the slope of the power spectrum and fractal dimension, in the possible occurrence of short duration pulses. We conducted, with conventional techniques of data processing, a preliminary analysis of the magnetic field observations performed at L’Aquila during three months preceding the 6 April 2009 earthquake, focusing attention on the possible occurrence of features similar to those identified in previous events. Within the limits of this analysis, we do not find compelling evidence for any of the features which have been proposed as earthquake precursors: indeed, most of aspects of our observations (which, in some cases, appear consistent with previous findings) might be interpreted in terms of the general magnetospheric conditions and/or of different sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 203-214
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: magnetic field measurements ; L'Aquila earthquake ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
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    Terremoto de L’Aquila del 6 aprile 2009: rilievo macrosismico, distribuzione delle intensità macrosismiche ed implicazioni sismotettoniche (2010)
    AIQUA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: Viene dato ragguaglio sulle operazioni di rilievo macrosismico relative al terremoto aquilano del 6 Aprile 2009 (Mw=6.3; Io=IX MCS) condotte dal QUEST e del risultato conseguito in termini di distribuzione delle intensità per 316 località visitate. Il terremoto, che ha provocato la distruzione di numerosi centri della conca Aquilana ed oltre 300 vittime, mostra un’area mesosimica allungata in direzione NW-SE, con una coda di forti risentimenti verso SE nella conca subèquana. Questo è in accordo con la geometria, cinematica e dinamica della rottura della struttura sismogenetica, individuata anche grazie alle evidenze di fagliazione di superficie seguite per circa 20 km lungo il versante nordorientale della Valle dell’Aterno, tra Collebrincioni e San Demetrio ne’ Vestini (sistema di faglie di Paganica-San Demetrio). Tale struttura viene anche indicata responsabile del terremoto “gemello” del 1461, oltre che da eventi di più elevata energia, come analisi paleosismologiche e rilievi geologici in corso hanno confermato.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: L'Aquila 2009 ; macroseismics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 18
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    Frictional melting of peridotite and seismic slip (2009)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The evolution of the frictional strength along a fault at seismic slip rates (about 1 m/s) is a key factor controlling earthquake mechanics. At mantle depths, friction-induced melting and melt lubrication may influence earthquake slip and seismological data. We report on laboratory experiments designed to investigate dynamic fault strength and frictional melting processes in mantle rocks. We performed 20 experiments with Balmuccia peridotite in a high-velocity rotary shear apparatus and cylindrical samples (21.8 mm in diameter) over a wide range of normal stresses (5.4–16.1 MPa), slip rates (0.23–1.14 m/s), and displacements (1.5–71 m). During the experiments, shear stress evolved with cumulative displacement in five main stages (stages 1–5). In stage 1 (first strengthening), the coefficient of friction m increased up to 0.4–0.7 (first peak in friction). In stage 2 (abrupt firstweakening), m decreased to about 0.25–0.40. In stage 3 (gradual second strengthening), shear stress increased toward a second peak in friction (m = 0.30–0.40). In stage 4 (gradual second weakening), the shear stress decreased toward a steady state value (stage 5) with m = 0.15. Stages 1 and 2 are of too short duration to be investigated in detail with the current experimental configuration. By interrupting the experiments during stages 3, 4, and 5, microstructural (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and geochemical (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) analysis of the slipping zone suggest that second strengthening (stage 3) is associated with the production of a grain-supported melt-poor layer, while second weakening (stage 4) and steady state (stage 5) are associated with the formation of a continuous melt-rich layer with an estimated temperature up to 1780 C. Microstructures formed during the experiments were very similar to those found in natural ultramafic pseudotachylytes. By performing experiments at different normal stresses and slip rates, (1) the ‘‘thermal’’ (as it includes the thermally activated first and second weakening) slip distance to achieve steady state from the first peak in strength decreased with increasing normal stress and slip rate and (2) the steady state shear stress slightly increased with increasing normal stress and, for a given normal stress, decreased with increasing slip rate. The ratio of shear stress versus normal stress was about 0.15, well below the typical friction coefficient of rocks (0.6–0.8). The dependence of steady state shear stress with normal stress was described by means of a constitutive equation for melt lubrication. The presence of microstructures similar to those found in natural pseudotachylytes and the determination of a constitutive equation that describes the experimental data allows extrapolation of the experimental observations to natural conditions and to the study of rupture dynamics in mantle rocks.
    Description: FIRB-MIUR project ‘‘Sviluppo Nuove Tecnologie per la Protezione e Difesa del Territorio dai Rischi Naturali. Progetti di Eccellenza Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo (CARIPARO) The European Research Council Starting Grant Project 205175 (USEMS)
    Description: Published
    Description: B06306
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Frictional melting ; Pseudotachylyte ; Peridotite ; Slip ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 19
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    Relationship between accelerating seismicity and quiescence, two precursors to large earthquakes (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: The Non-Critical Precursory Accelerating Seismicity Theory (PAST) has been proposed recently to explain the formation of accelerating seismicity (increase of the a-value) observed before large earthquakes. In particular, it predicts that precursory accelerating seismicity should occur in the same spatiotemporal window as quiescence. In this first combined study we start by determining the spatiotemporal extent of quiescence observed prior to the 1997Mw= 6Umbria-Marche earthquake, Italy, using the RTL (Region-Time-Length) algorithm. We then show that background events located in that spatiotemporal window form a clear acceleration, as expected by the Non-Critical PAST. This result is a step forward in the understanding of precursory seismicity by relating two of the principal patterns that can precede large earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L15306
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: precursor, accelerating seismicity, quiescence, accelerating seismicity, simulation, RTL algorithm ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 20
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    The large earthquake on 29 June 1170 (Syria, Lebanon, and central southern Turkey) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 29 June 1170 a large earthquake hit a vast area in the Near Eastern Mediterranean, comprising the present-day territories of western Syria, central southern Turkey, and Lebanon. Although this was one of the strongest seismic events ever to hit Syria, so far no in-depth or specific studies have been available. Furthermore, the seismological literature (from 1979 until 2000) only elaborated a partial summary of it, mainly based solely on Arabic sources. The major effects area was very partial, making the derived seismic parameters unreliable. This earthquake is in actual fact one of the most highly documented events of the medieval Mediterranean. This is due to both the particular historical period in which it had occurred (between the second and the third Crusades) and the presence of the Latin states in the territory of Syria. Some 50 historical sources, written in eight different languages, have been analyzed: Latin (major contributions), Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, Greek, Hebrew, Vulgar French, and Italian. A critical analysis of this extraordinary body of historical information has allowed us to obtain data on the effects of the earthquake at 29 locations, 16 of which were unknown in the previous scientific literature. As regards the seismic dynamics, this study has set itself the question of whether there was just one or more than one strong earthquake. In the former case, the parameters (Me 7.7 ± 0.22, epicenter, and fault length 126.2 km) were calculated. Some hypotheses are outlined concerning the seismogenic zones involved.
    Description: Published
    Description: B07304
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical earthquakes ; Syria ; Lebanon ; central southern Turkey ; seismogenic source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 21
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    Studio macrosismico del terremoto del Gran Sasso (Italia centrale) del 5 settembre 1950: implicazioni sismotettoniche (2007)
    AIQUA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il 5 settembre 1950 alle ore 04.08 (GMT), un forte terremoto fu avvertito in tutta l’Italia centrale e arrecò gravi danni in diversi centri abitati delle province di Teramo, Pescara, L’Aquila e Rieti. Questo evento è considerato il massimo terremoto storico avvenuto nell’area del Gran Sasso d’Italia, zona che, secondo i cataloghi sismici italiani è caratterizzata da un’attività sismica relativamente modesta. Al contrario le zone circostanti sono sede di sismicità più frequente e di forti terremoti storici. Questo lavoro è uno studio di revisione del terremoto che colpì l'area del 5 settembre 1950 e del periodo sismico che ne seguì tra il 1950 e il 1951. Scopo della ricerca è quello di ampliare il quadro delle conoscenze su questo sisma e di inquadrarlo nel contesto sismotettonico dell'area. La ricerca ha condotto al reperimento di moltissimi documenti originali, sinora inediti, sia relativi alla scossa del 5 settembre 1950, che a quella dell’8 agosto 1951 che rappresenta l’evento più forte del periodo sismico successivo alla scossa principale. I risultati riguardano una maggiore completezza delle informazioni sul terremoto, anche relativamente al ruolo delle repliche nel quadro del danneggiamento. Il numero dei punti di intensità risulta triplicato rispetto a quanto finora conosciuto. Gli elementi di analisi contribuiscono al calcolo di nuovi parametri ipocentrali e a fornire una ipotesi interpretativa riguardo alla sorgente responsabile del terremoto. In base ai dati acquisiti sulla distribuzione del danno è possibile ipotizzare che il terremoto del 1950 sia stato causato da una sorgente con direzione circa E-O, al di sotto dell’edificio strutturale della Laga, tra Campotosto e Pietracamela.
    Description: Published
    Description: 195-214
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gran sasso d'Italia, ; terremoto del 1950 ; macrosismica ; sismotettonica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Seismic and acoustic detection of a bolide airburst in the Gulf of Naples (southern Italy) (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 10 September 2005 at 1711 LT (1511 UT) a loud boom was heard on the Ischia island. A clear seismic signal was also recorded by the seismic monitoring network of the Neapolitan volcanic areas (Ischia, Campi Flegrei, and Mount Vesuvius) and on a regional station (Mount Massico). On the basis of the seismic recordings and on acoustic phenomena reports, we relate this event to the atmospheric explosion (airburst) of a bolide about 15 km SW of Ischia at an elevation of about 11.5 km. The location has been obtained through nonlinear traveltime inversion in a realistic atmospheric model including wind effects. We show, using statistical estimators, how the traveltime pattern is due to both atmospheric winds and the bolide trajectory. Using the same reasoning we discard a human origin (supersonic jet or sea-air missile). In addition, we also propose a new algorithm for fast acoustic traveltime computation for a supersonic moving source.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10307
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 23
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    Seismic recording of small zero frequency displacement frommoderate events (2006)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The use of modern broadband seismometers allows the observation of dynamic and static near-field effects. In the fortunate case of the great 1994 Bolivia earthquake a 6 mm coseismic permanent offset was observed at distances of about 600 km. On the other hand no surface static displacement from moderate events has been observed yet. This is mainly due to the intrinsic difficulties in the instrument removal. In the present paper we analyze broadband waveforms from a couple of events in southern Italy, recorded at distance of 50 km, by applying the technique for instrument removal recently introduced by Zhu [2003]. We derive stable and reliable measures of very small coseismic static offset produced by moderate magnitude earthquakes. Our results, successfully tested against synthetic prediction, give permanent displacement of a few tenths of millimeters, one order of magnitude smaller than usual geodetic resolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: near-field source ; static displacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 305188 bytes
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