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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue provides an update on the state of the art and current trends in polymeric drug delivery systems specifically designed for improving drug bioavailability. The multiple contributions received further strengthen the role of polymers in modern drug delivery and targeting, illustrating the different approaches possible and unveiling what the future may bring.
    Keywords: Histoplasma capsulatum ; PLGA ; Itraconazole ; macrophage ; functionalized nanoparticle ; F4/80 receptor ; rutin ; nanocrystals ; anti-inflammatory ; hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin ; nanoparticles ; budesonide ; chitosan ; colon delivery ; eudragit ; pellets ; ferrisilicate ; PEG ; insulin ; encapsulation ; diabetic mellitus ; polypeptides ; drug delivery ; doxorubicin ; cancer ; topology of poly-l-cystein ; antimicrobial ; antifouling ; pH sensitivity ; zwitterionic polymers ; gamma radiation ; copolyester ; SPION ; cysteine ; bioconjugation ; and enzymatic release ; polymeric nanoparticles ; drug delivery and targeting ; ocular posterior segment ; oxidative stress ; retinal degeneration ; nerve growth factor ; peanut agglutinin ; zebrafish ; molecular dynamics simulation ; interaction energy ; hydrogen bonding ; solid dispersion ; hot melt extrusion ; amorphous formulation ; tacrolimus ; sucrose acetate isobutyrate ; amorphous solid dispersion ; dissolution ; stability ; pharmacokinetics ; phytomedicine ; nanosponges ; lactoferrin ; bioavailability ; MDA-MB-231 cells ; caspase-3 ; cyclin-D1 ; dendrimers ; Janus nanoparticles ; biocompatibility ; nanoformulation ; pharmaceuticals ; 3D printing ; hybrid scaffold ; polycaprolactone ; vancomycin ; mesenchymal stem cells ; tissue engineering ; drug delivery systems (DDSs) ; osteomyelitis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages linked to these systems are the ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small molecular weight or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has been further demonstrated through the delivery of vaccines, protection of cosmetic actives, or improvement in the moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations. Currently, lipid-based nanosystems are well established, and there are already different commercially approved formulations for different human disorders. This success has actually paved the way to diversifying the pipeline of development, upon addressing unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer; neurological disorders; and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases. This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
    Keywords: design of experiment ; porcine mucous membrane ; ophthalmic tissues ; permeation ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; gentiopicroside ; phospholipid complex ; self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system ; oral bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; antioxidants ; marine bio-waste ; bioactive compounds ; neurodegenerative diseases ; NLC ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; SLN ; intranasal administration ; nose-to-brain ; exosome ; drug loading ; exosomal delivery ; large-scale production ; lipid nanoparticles ; mucoadhesion ; ocular bioavailability ; surface modification ; liposomes ; baricitinib ; JAK-inhibitor ; transepidermal delivery ; skin permeation ; lipid NPs ; breast cancer ; siRNA delivery ; gene silencing ; personalized therapy ; bimatoprost ; central composite design ; glaucoma ; HET-CAM test ; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) ; perillyl acid ; biodistribution ; empty lipid nanoparticles ; reactogenicity ; xenobiotics ; ionizable lipids ; isoniazid ; in vivo pharmacokinetics ; drug release profile ; histopathological toxicity ; mannosylation ; nanocarriers ; Chagas disease ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; in vivo assays ; quality by design ; plumbagin ; diabetes ; in vitro ; niosomes ; levosulpiride ; antidepressant ; acute toxicity ; in vivo imaging ; bioavailability ; cisplatin ; co-encapsulation ; mifepristone ; synergism ; gefitinib ; lipid ; surfactant ; stability ; breast cancer cell ; MTT assay ; anticancer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint, entitled “Application of data-driven method for HVAC System”, is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest achievements in the application of data-driven methods for HVAC systems. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: fault detection and diagnosis of HVAC systems; energy consumption prediction; model predictive control; data mining and analysis of HVAC systems; data mining and analysis of building environment; energy conservation; energy saving.
    Keywords: indoor air quality ; high occupancy rate ; natural ventilation ; university building ; intelligent packaging ; temperature ; humidity ; supply chain ; food waste ; food quality ; food preservation ; transportation ; grain bin ; PCM ; phase change temperature ; energy saving ; PCM latent heat ; mobile public toilets ; thermal environment ; public health security ; mechanical ventilation ; aerosol transmission risk ; underground commercial buildings ; field measurement ; air distribution optimization ; M-cycle ; evaporative cooling ; solid desiccant ; humidification–dehumidification desalination ; water production ; load data analysis ; demand side management (DSM) ; rural home hotels ; cluster control strategy ; PCM storage ; air conditioning system ; pattern recognition ; clustering ; correlation analysis ; defrosting operation mode ; low-carbon substation ; climate zones ; envelope thermal design ; window to wall ratio ; shape factor ; chillers ; fault diagnosis ; fusion ; residual ; data ; air-conditioned bed system ; heat conduction heating ; convection heating ; thermal comfort ; energy conservation ; genetic algorithm ; existing office parks ; whole life cycle ; cost benefits ; carbon reduction ; retrofit ; relative humidity ; CO concentration ; CO2 concentration ; cooking procedure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy is an important material basis that can promote the development of human society. Despite the increasing use of renewable energy, the overall energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels. For a long period of time, the main consumption proportion of fossil energy will not change. With the perspective of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale oil, shale gas, and combustible ice, energy exploration, reservoir reconstruction, and intelligent applications in energy exploitation and energy occurrence geology are currently explored from the perspectives of exploration and exploitation technology. This reprint summarizes the intelligent unmanned mining and its development trends and conducts various research studies, including the stratigraphic correlation of sandy conglomerate in the Yellow River Delta Sag of the Bohai Bay basin, the growth and distribution of coal-measured hydrocarbon source rocks in a mixed platform, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone, mudstone and granite in the geological environment of deep energy reservoirs, the formation mechanism of energy reservoirs and gas reservoirs, the two-phase flow experiment and numerical simulation in energy mining, the evolution law of cracks in the surrounding rock and the reinforcement principle of gradient support, and the comparison of particle pickup by axial flow and swirling flow in horizontal pneumatic conveying.
    Keywords: intelligent mine ; smart mining ; intelligent working face ; intelligent control ; adaptive ; robotic technology ; seismic rock physics ; sandstone and mudstone ; P-wave and S-wave velocity ; pressure ; temperature ; sandy conglomerate ; Huanghekou Sag ; stratigraphic correlation ; calcite U-Pb dating ; detrital zircon ; pressure-controlled pyrolysis ; oil–water separation ; centrifugal force ; two-phase vapor separation ; cyclone separation ; Tarim Basin ; mixed platform ; delta ; coal-measure distribution ; coal-measure logging response ; axial flow ; swirling flow ; pickup behavior ; coefficient of variation ; tight sandstone gas reservoir ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; fracture ; water blocking ; n/a ; rock mechanical properties ; MMTS ; geothermal development ; geothermal reservoir ; different depth of occurrence ; gas storage ; injection production simulation ; effective permeability ; seepage law ; two-dimensional simulation experiment ; fracture evolution law ; fractured seepage zone ; gradient failure support ; hierarchical control mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized treatment optimization. MIPD integrates mathematical models of drugs and diseases combined with individual patient characteristics (e.g., genotype, anthropometric factors, and organ function). MIPD has been highlighted as a useful tool for drug dosage selection in both the drug development process and clinical practice and it is a rapidly growing discipline that is supported by the main drug regulatory agencies. Despite the potential benefits of this methodology toward personalized medicine, its application is still limited. The Special Issue presented here includes several PKPD and PBPK models focused on improving the current state of art regarding the PK behaviour of different drugs with the aim of improving the efficacy/safety balance of these treatments and their clinical outcome; the Special Issue is intended to be of particular interest for clinical pharmacologists, pharmacometricians, and specific clinicians who routinely use the considered drugs.
    Keywords: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) ; efficacy PKPD indexes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; PKPD modeling and simulation ; dosing algorithms ; nomograms ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Greenhouse cultivation provides an artificially controlled environment for the year-round production of vegetables, and has played an increasingly important role in agriculture production systems in recent decades. Recent works have shown that improving greenhouse conditions can promote the growth of vegetables and enhance the uptake of nutrients, leading to better vegetable quality. Meanwhile, greenhouse conditions not only directly influence soil nutrient cycling processes and properties, but also indirectly affect them by regulating vegetable root growth and plant–soil interactions. This Special Issue features twelve original research articles that deal with the effects of novel greenhouse practices and strategies on the yield and quality of horticulture crops, as well as greenhouse soil properties. Among these publications, three studied the effects of fertilizers, including organic and macro- and micro-nutrient fertilizers, on the growth and nutrient uptake of vegetables. Two articles described the effects of water and nutrient supply using irrigation or hydroponic supplying systems on the yield and quality of vegetables. Four articles investigated the effects of environmental conditions (mainly light and temperature) on the growth and quality of vegetables. In terms of degenerated greenhouse soil, three articles showed how reductive soil disinfestation decreased soil salinity, improved soil quality, and inactivated soil-borne pathogens.
    Keywords: daily light integral ; cucumber seedling ; seedling quality ; flower development ; boron ; application methods ; growth ; fruit quality ; tomato ; protected greenhouse ; soilless culture ; poultry manure ; yield enhancement ; cucumber ; univariate analysis ; multivariate analysis ; nutrient uptake ; sweet onion ; nerokremmydo ; aeroponic ; floating ; nutrient film technique ; bulb ; application rate ; nitrate ; organic acid ; soil-borne pathogens ; soil pH ; sulfate ; growth rate ; root morphology ; ammonium to nitrate ratio ; nutrient solution composition ; nitrogen efficiency ; net assimilation rate (NAR) ; leaf nitrogen ; fruit temperature ; dry matter ; chlorophyll ; microbial activity ; organic fertilizer ; plastic shed cultivation system ; reductive soil disinfestation ; soil quality ; aromatic substances ; carbon exportation ; flavor quality ; nutrient and function indicator ; overall appearance ; microbial community ; microbial function ; co-occurrence network ; soil ecosystem ; alternate drip irrigation under mulch ; water ; zeolite amount ; tomato growth ; water use efficiency ; principal component ; solar radiation ; humidity ; temperature ; irrigation water use efficiency ; yield ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The title of the current Special Issue, “Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design”, has identified the aims of this collection since its opening: the gathering of research works and comprehensive review papers that advance the understanding and prediction of material behavior at different scales, from atomistic to macroscopic, through innovative modeling and simulation.In this context, interdisciplinary researches that tackled challenging and complex material problems where the governing phenomena might span different scales of material behavior, with an emphasis on the development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations, have been collected. Similarly, particular attention has been given to homogenization techniques for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of new materials and multi-phase composites. Innovative numerical approaches for the mechanical analysis, highlighting their accuracy, reliability, and stability features, have been also welcomed. Significant space has been also given to advanced and sustainable technologies. From the aforementioned topics, it is evident that this Special Issue represents the ideal forum for disseminating excellent research findings, as well as sharing innovative ideas in this significant field.Throughout the several months of activity, this Special Issue has been able to attract much interesting research. Its success is proven by the sixteen papers collected and published.
    Keywords: die height ; biomass compaction ; relaxation coefficient ; briquette density ; logging residues ; mechanical engineering ; scale opening mechanics ; seed extraction ; morphological structure ; numerical simulation ; computational fluid dynamics ; OpenFOAM ; cementitious materials ; Bingham rheology ; pumping ; reliability ; pentagon-based 2D material ; thermal conductivity ; thermoelectric properties ; anharmonicity ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; lattice structures ; TPU ; layering ; zirconia ceramics ; brittle medium ; porosity ; Kolsky method ; compressibility ; strength ; fracture ; stress growth rate ; light-harvesting ; water splitting ; photoferroics ; high-throughput screening ; Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites ; high-pressure water jet ; high-pressure water-ice jet ; paint coating ; geometric structure of the surface ; base ; surface efficiency of the process ; renovation ; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ; artificial neural networks ; dynamic mechanical properties ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; green composite ; bumper beam ; numerical modeling ; energy absorption ; natural fibers ; axial vibration ; short-fiber-reinforced ; Fourier series ; nonlocal elasticity ; thin-walled ; FEM ; thermal buckling analysis ; tungsten trioxide ; graphene oxide ; photocatalysis ; nanocomposite ; composite laminate ; mode-II delamination ; R-curve ; temperature ; cohesive law ; nonlinear hyperelastic material ; viscoelasticity ; semi-analytical polynomial method ; large deformation ; finite element method ; numerical methods ; thin shells ; variable-stiffness structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint covers topics on geographical scale of glacier and lake ice variations, as well as the engineering scale of ice properties and their practical applications via laboratory tests and numerical modeling.
    Keywords: level ice ; ice resistance ; probability distribution ; polar ship ; circumferential crack method ; ice phenology ; Eurasia ; analytical model ; climate ; altitude ; spatial statistics ; glacier resources ; glacier inventory ; climate change ; topography ; Xinjiang ; polar ships ; propeller ; ice blockage ; cavitation effect ; EFD-CFD ; Manas river basin ; Kaidu river basin ; glacier mass balance ; Geographical detector ; attribution analysis ; arctic oil and gas resources ; Kulluk platform ; mooring system ; ice load ; ice-structure interaction ; sea ice ; fresh-water ice ; parametrization scheme ; melting rate ; laboratory study ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; SIFT algorithm ; brutal force matching ; RANSAC algorithm ; ice velocity ; blasting under ice ; dynamic simulation ; blasting volume ; parameter analysis ; collaborative bearing capacity ; analytic hierarchy process ; SD model ; simulation prediction ; Ulan Suhai Lake ; lake ; wetlands ; optical satellite data ; cloud ; Wuliangsu Lake ; ship ice accumulation ; sea spray ; marine structures ; SPH-FEM coupling method ; distilled water ice ; uniaxial compressive strength ; growth temperature of ice ; strain rate ; grain size ; ice core ; fabric ; microstructure ; glacial shear margin ; Dalk Glacier ; river ice ; thickness ; GPR ; temperature ; Yellow River ; water resources from melted glaciers ; lake ice phenology ; ice properties ; ice engineering ; ecosystem under lake ice ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, and provide many health benefits. However, due to non-optimal post-harvest management, large quantities of fresh or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables experience a decline in their quality and nutritional value before they reach the consumer. This Special Issue covers technologies for the harvesting, handling, and storage of vegetables, including storage strategies such as active packaging, edible coatings, the application of nanotechnology in the post-harvest of vegetable crops, and others, with the aim of improving the shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
    Keywords: fresh walnut ; total phenols ; frozen storage ; fatty acid ; antioxidant enzyme ; fruit storage ; antioxidant capacity ; phenolic compounds ; gene expression ; Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ; Sabrosa ; ripening stage ; headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME GC/MS) ; HPLC-MS/MS principal component analysis ; fresh-cut cauliflower ; storage period ; calcium chloride ; temperature ; factor analysis ; quality ; table grapes ; optimal harvesting ; technological maturity ; phenolic maturity ; non-destructive tools ; Multiplex® 3 ; pectin-based coating ; quality attributes ; fresh-cut carrot ; respiratory activity ; carotenoids and phenolic compounds ; lemon byproduct ; antioxidant ; e-nose ; ATR-FTIR ; image analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Barhi dates ; Phoenix dactylifera ; chitosan ; orange peel ; olive cake ; coating ; scanning electron microscopy ; surface structure ; antifungal active packaging ; raspberry ; green tea extract ; rosemary extract ; citrus ; intelligent logistics ; modeling ; orange ; postharvest ; chilling injury ; storage ; melatonin ; 1-MCP ; oregano ; vacuum packaging ; Allium cepa ; Rhus coriaria ; refrigeration ; mango fruit ; melatonin treatment ; cold storage ; decay ; physiological and metabolic processes ; goji berries ; shelf-life ; postharvest quality ; sensorial attributes ; freshness ; active packaging ; cold plasma ; dipping ; E-nose ; high hydrostatic pressure ; innovative postharvest technologies ; pulsed electric field ; vacuum impregnation ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; Pleurotus eryngii ; king oyster mushroom ; quality influential factors ; preservation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of research topics on developing analytical and bioanalytical methods for isolation, identification, and determination of substances in biomedical and pharmaceutical matrices. Special attention is given to advancements in sample preparation, separation techniques and novel detection methods of small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The presented analytical methods exhibit several applications, including pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, microdialysis, toxicology, disease screening or drug stability study. Two comprehensive review articles were also presented on applying capillary electrophoresis to analyze bioactive compounds in herbal matrices.
    Keywords: CNS ; sulfasalazine ; brain to plasma ratio ; LC-ESI-TOF-MS ; rituximab ; quadripolar mass spectrometer ; albumin depletion ; pharmacokinetics ; orbitrap mass spectrometer ; IgG-immunocapture ; bubble-generating magnetic liposomes ; bionic membrane ; permeable compounds ; herbal medicines ; LC–MS ; capillary electrophoresis ; herbal ; raw material ; tea ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; amino acids ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; chlorambucil and valproic acid ; HPLC-UV and GC-MS methods ; optimization and validation ; determination in plasma ; combined anticancer therapy ; herbal drugs ; medicinal plants ; quality control ; quantitative analysis ; pharmaceutical analysis ; 4-acetamidobenzoic acid ; validation ; pharmacokinetic ; pigs ; LC-MS/MS ; iron determination ; spectrophotometry ; flow analysis ; direct injection detector ; multi-pumping flow system ; medical errors ; hospital workflow ; patient safety ; Raman spectroscopy ; IV drugs ; piperacillin ; tazobactam ; non-invasively ; vildagliptin ; remogliflozin ; ratio derivative spectrophotometry ; determination ; formulation ; ecofriendly ; confidence interval ; stability ; retrospective analysis ; sample size ; regulatory bioanalysis ; bioanalytical method validation ; heparin ; metal–organic framework ; zeolite imidazolate framework-8 ; kinetic ; thermodynamic ; Oncheong-eum ; traditional herbal prescription ; method development ; method validation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; thalassemia ; human hemoglobin ; wooden-tip electrospray ionization ; multiply charged ions ; mass spectrometry ; multiply charged ion ; GC–MS ; analytical QbD ; genotoxic impurity ; alkyl halide ; (Q)SAR ; analytical method development ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; active metabolite ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; assay error equation ; oral anticancer drug ; IWR-1-endo ; Wnt signaling inhibitor ; solid-phase extraction ; cerebral microdialysis ; bioanalysis ; Tafamidis ; polymorphs ; crystal structure ; powder diffraction ; thermal stability ; blood collection tubes ; citrate anticoagulant ; direct spectrometric determination ; quality control method ; anticoagulant concentration ; draw volume ; anticoagulant volume ; magnesium contamination ; potassium contamination ; Agrimonia pilosa ; apigenin-7-O-glucuronide ; cream ; HPLC-DAD ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: In the treatment of acute stroke, thrombolysis and thrombectomy have proven to be highly effective. Many patients have seen significant improvement after reperfusion therapy. This reprint aims to address current knowledge gaps and promote advancements in the use of thrombolysis and thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
    Keywords: ischemic stroke ; acute kidney injury ; contrast media ; endovascular treatment ; outcome ; hyperglycemia ; acute ischemic stroke ; large vessel occlusion ; mechanical thrombectomy ; stroke ; ischemia ; machine learning ; cerebral infarction ; biomarkers ; recanalization therapy ; reperfusion ; temperature ; time to admission ; prehospital delay ; prior stroke ; basilar artery ; brain ischemia ; intracranial atherosclerosis ; embolism ; infarction ; clinical symptoms ; intravenous thrombolysis ; endovascular therapy ; recanalization times ; clinical outcome ; hypoperfusion index ratio ; collateral circulation ; collateral scoring ; CTA ; CTP ; thrombolysis ; C-reactive protein ; white blood cell count ; prognosis ; hypoperfusion ; collaterality ; thrombectomy ; frailty ; elderly patients ; hospital frailty risk score ; acute stroke ; perfusion imaging ; CT perfusion ; MR perfusion ; RAPID ; fasting hyperglycemia ; fasting normoglycemia ; long-term outcome ; hemorrhagic transformation ; parenchymal hematoma ; GWAS ; single nucleotide variants ; anterior circulation ; bridging therapy ; recanalization ; stroke risk score ; COVID-19 ; Lithuania ; reperfusion therapies ; outcomes ; safety ; prehospital stroke diagnosis ; ultrasound ; brain perfusion ; SONAS® ; prehospital stroke scales ; point-of-care diagnostics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The exposure of animals to environmental stresses (restraint, bad housing conditions, irradiation, pollution, diseases, and heat stress) and endogenous stresses (metabolic and physiological disorders) can seriously disrupt the redox homeostasis, leading to impairments in animals’ health and overall performance. Under these circumstances, the self-antioxidant defense system may not be enough to neutralize ROS effects. In this context, the utilization of an exogenous source of antioxidants, mainly dietary sources, may present an effective and cost-effective solution. There are a plethora of substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized (organic acids, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and specific feed additives originating from plants such as essential oils and polyphenols), known for their antioxidant activity, that can be used to maintain adequate redox status in animals in order to preserve their well-being and/or productivity. This area of research still needs more investigations in order to clearly elucidate the effective antioxidant substances that could be used in practical applications, with an emphasis on their biological mechanisms during different physiological conditions and health statuses. We intend to bring together current research concerning the role of antioxidant substances either from natural sources or those synthesized for improving animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare.
    Keywords: antinutrient ; enzyme ; fermentation ; fiber ; gut health ; microbiota ; meta-analysis ; poultry ; prebiotic ; antioxidants ; growth ; heat stress ; rabbit ; selenium ; spirulina ; zinc ; broiler ; dietary protein level ; phytogenic feed additive ; growth performance ; immune response ; exercise ; endurance ; undenatured type II collagen ; anti-inflammatory ; cardiac injury markers ; oxidative stress ; histopathology ; Bcl-2 ; Bax ; TGF-β1 ; date palm (pollen extract) ; doxorubicin ; nitrocompounds ; nitropropanol ; nitroethanol ; biochemical parameters ; oregano essential oil ; temperature ; sea bass ; cornelian cherry extract ; glucose transporter ; gene expression ; oxidative biomarker ; chicken ; cyclic heat stress ; Spirulina platensis ; redox status ; serum metabolites ; blood hematology ; meat quality ; fipronil ; boswellic acid ; PCNA ; semen ; fertility-related markers ; Oreochromis niloticus ; antioxidant ; hematology ; nitric oxide ; lysozyme ; copper toxicity ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; hematological parameters ; phytogenic ; phenols ; antimicrobial activity ; immunity ; phenolic antioxidant ; olive oil ; caprine ; spermatozoa ; Bayesian inference ; Duroc breed boars ; biochemistry ; blood parameters ; feeding time ; correlation coefficients ; Turraea fischeri ; polyphenolics ; semen cryopreservation ; sperm ultrastructure ; antioxidant biomarker ; apoptosis ; nano particles ; performance ; blood ; pathogens ; quails ; carcass traits ; blood biochemical constituents ; abdominal fat color ; meat fatty acid profile ; liver histology ; broilers ; Eimeria tenella ; broiler chickens ; oocyst shedding ; volatile fatty acids ; feed efficiency ; cecal health ; active yeast ; antioxidant status ; nutrient density ; trace element ; laying hen performance ; high temperature ; inflammation ; cryopreservation ; tannin ; polyphenols ; semen additives ; carcass ; fructooligosaccharide ; haemato-biochemical parameters ; cecal microbiota ; propolis ; bee pollen ; productive performance ; fertility ; Holstein ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The MEET Special Issue aims at showing the gains in geothermal energy that can be achieved using a variety of techniques, depending on the geological setting of the underground. Among the list of exploitation concepts, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are particularly interesting, as their application is much less dependent of the underground setting, allowing, in turn, a large geographical deployment and market penetration in Europe. The challenges of EGS are multiple in terms of investment costs, the testing of novel reservoir exploitation approaches with an inherent risk of induced seismicity, and the presence of aggressive geothermal brines, damaging infrastructures. The conversion of oil wells or coproduction of heat or electricity together with oil is also addressed. This Special Issue summarizes the output of the H2020 MEET project based on laboratory experiments, geological field works on high-quality analogues, advanced reservoir modeling, the development of a decision-maker tool for investors and specific demonstration activities, such as chemical stimulation or the innovative monitoring of deep geothermal wells, and the production of electrical power via small-scale binary technology tested in various geological contexts in Europe.
    Keywords: Soultz-Sous-Forêts ; geothermal site ; heat exchanger ; scales ; sulfates ; sulfides ; As and Sb-bearing galena ; crystal growth ; crystal shapes ; fracture network ; Death Valley ; Noble Hills ; power law distribution ; multiscale analysis ; geothermal reservoir characterization ; Noble Hills granite ; Owlshead Mountains granite ; metamorphic grade ; fluid/rock interactions ; newly formed minerals ; element variations ; geothermal reservoir ; deep geothermal energy ; EGS ; Variscan fold-and-thrust belt ; district heating and cooling ; economic indicators ; CO2 abatement cost ; sensitivity analysis ; fracturing processes ; fluid circulation ; granite alteration ; low to moderate regional strain ; blind geothermal system ; compositional anomalies ; hierarchical clustering ; self-organizing maps ; unconventional reservoirs ; geothermal ; OVSP ; well seismic data ; fault ; fracture ; geothermal derisking ; FWI ; numerical modelling ; inversion ; imaging ; permeability ; fluid–rock interactions ; slate ; temperature ; time-dependent ; pressure solution ; dissolution ; Soultz-sous-Forêts ; hydro-thermal modeling ; conversion ; clustering ; upscaling ; heat ; electricity ; scenarios ; LCOE ; LCOH ; NPV ; CO2 emissions ; Upper Rhine Graben ; geothermal brine ; scaling ; metal sulfides ; thermodynamic ; kinetics ; oil ; corrosion ; geology ; stress ; fluid pressure ; Mohr diagrams ; fracturing ; greywackes ; slates ; deep geothermal reservoir ; structural model ; thermo-hydraulic simulations ; MEET H2020 project ; fracture network variability ; granite ; spacing distribution ; fracture intensity P10 ; well placement ; CO2-EGS ; water-EGS ; discrete fracture networks ; THM modeling ; enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) ; fractured granite ; core flooding experiments ; autoclave experiments ; Cornubian Batholith ; Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) ; Variscan rocks ; quartzite ; claystone ; graywacke ; gouge ; fracture transmissivity ; effective stress ; United Downs ; hydraulic stimulation ; equivalent permeability field ; exposed analogue ; enhanced geothermal system ; fractures ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid waste is a challenge and an opportunity for companies, thanks to the ongoing awareness of sustainability and technological advances. The end-of-waste criteria constitute a European strategic goal that promotes recycling in order to ensure a high level of environmental protection by means of reducing the quantity of waste destined for disposal. This Special Issue promotes the knowledge regarding technological methods for solid waste recovery. Articles investigate innovative processing methods with the goal of valorizing solid waste from different civil and industrial activities. Topics includes studies on construction and building, mining, plastics, and WEEE, referring to the treatment techniques used and, where appropriate, the critical raw materials that can be valorized. The recovery processes of critical raw materials can be very energy-intensive, affecting environmental and soil factors. Case studies on sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient techniques for the purpose of a more competitive economy were also very welcomed. The environmental impact and safety measures, especially for dangerous waste, should be taken into account in the description of their processing and management.
    Keywords: cathode ray tube ; lead recovery ; lead leaching and electrodeposition ; environmental assessment ; phosphate cements ; calcined dolomite ; quartz sand ; calcined magnesite ; temperature ; K-struvite ; industrial waste ; chromium ; high-performance concrete ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; fibers ; mechanical strength ; alkali-activated cement ; geopolymers ; building materials ; PET ; compressive strength ; water absorption ; WPCBs dismantling ; metals dissolution ; copper recovery ; economic assessment ; process modeling and simulation ; low-temperature processing ; WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment) recycling ; materials separation ; process characterization ; SEM/EDS ; torrefaction ; solid fuel ; waste to carbon ; circular economy ; biodegradable materials ; calorific value ; methane fermentation ; biogas ; biomethane ; biochar ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biochemical methane potential ; biogas production kinetics ; industrial wastes ; arc furnace slag ; ceramic sludge ; β-wollastonite ; parawollastonite ; porous ceramics ; waste management ; sustainability development ; apple pomace ; active compounds ; extraction ; renewable energy ; anticorrosion agents ; biopolymers ; PCB ; recycling ; metal recovery ; mechanical pre-treatment ; production waste ; rock wool ; glass wool ; loss on ignition ; pollutants washout ; geopolymer ; waste slurry ; flocculation ; solidification ; pipe jacking ; air flow rate ; composting ; municipal solid waste ; monitoring ; optimization ; spatial distributions ; crystallization ; glass–ceramics ; diopside ; anorthite ; by-pass cement ; aluminum dross ; thermodynamic analysis ; kinetics ; hemp stalk ; bio-insulating material ; sustainability ; sound absorbing properties ; thermal absorption properties ; green composite material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint features 12 research articles that contribute to the research on lubricated bearings. The articles focus on the latest steps in understanding bearing operating behavior, its interaction with lubricants, and its role as a component in the drive train. In addition to the description of novel modeling approaches, a variety of experimental data are presented to provide interesting identification results as well as validation data for the research and engineering community.
    Keywords: journal bearing ; rotor stability ; floating ring bearing ; lobe bearing ; wave bearing ; lemon bearing ; Hopf bifurcation ; sliding bearings ; tilting pad journal bearings ; flow transition ; laminar flow ; turbulent flow ; non-laminar regime ; temperature reduction ; load capacity increase ; tilting-pad journal bearing ; pad deformation ; heat transfer ; trailing edge groove ; CFD ; power loss ; run-up simulation ; semi-floating ring bearing ; thrust bearing ; two-phase flow cavitation ; oil-whirl and oil-whip ; aerostatic bearings ; compensation ; infinite stiffness ; diaphragm valve ; design ; acoustic ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; lubrication ; roughness ; planet gear bearing ; misalignment ; mixed friction ; wear ; wind turbine gearbox ; structure deformation ; metal-polymer plain bearings ; PA6-based polyamide composites ; dispersed glass and carbon fibers ; temperature ; Young’s modulus ; maximum contact pressures and resource ; boundary and dry friction ; lithium grease ; graphene ; load-carrying capacity ; wear scar ; infrared thermography ; vibration analysis ; damping ratio ; wettability ; lubrification ; oleophilicity ; hydrophobicity ; laser surface texturing ; experimental investigation ; lubrication method ; flooded bearing design ; non-flooded bearing design ; spray-bar ; leading edge groove ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This reprint describes how lifestyle changes can impact the incidence and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases. In this context, regular physical activity and heathy nutritional habits are very important. Moreover, natural bioactive compounds could represent a new adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of these pathological conditions.
    Keywords: diet quality ; cardiometabolic risk ; sugar-sweetened beverages ; food groups ; home food availability ; diabetes ; prediabetes ; healthy food ; unhealthy food ; healthy food availability ; bladder cancer ; case-control study ; dietary patterns ; diet ; factor analysis ; dietary energy ; macronutrient composition ; trend ; disparity ; subpopulation ; anaphylaxis ; asthma ; IgE ; leukotriene ; mast cell protease ; methylxanthines ; motor activity ; polyphenols ; temperature ; Theobroma cacao ; male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) syndrome ; ω-3 PUFA ; adipose tissue ; body weight ; testosterone ; lung function of healthy population ; difference of FEV1 ; macronutrient ; longitudinal study ; obese ; cardiovascular disease ; Mediterranean diet ; non-communicable disease ; obesity ; physical activity ; NMSC ; lifestyle ; smoking ; alcohol ; Mexican adults ; dietary fiber ; esophagus ; stomach and colorectal cancer ; nutrition ; refined grains ; whole grains ; chronic kidney disease ; dietary pattern ; eGFR ; Fukushima Health Management Survey ; proteinuria ; trajectory analysis ; sodium ; potassium ; arterial hypertension ; endothelial dysfunction ; organ damage ; caloric restriction diet ; intermittent fasting ; frailty ; vascular aging ; age related syndrome ; sarcopenia ; malnutrition ; hydrolysable tannins ; anthocyanins ; urinary tract infections ; quality of life ; cranberry ; Sweet Chestnut ; pasta ; carotenoids ; antioxidant compounds ; kidney health ; HPLC/DAD analyses ; n/a
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Electrification plays a key role in decarbonizing energy consumption for various sectors, including transportation, heating, and cooling. There are several essential infrastructures for a smart city, including smart grids and transportation networks. These infrastructures are the complementary solutions to successfully developing novel services, with enhanced energy efficiency and energy security. This Special Issue includes high-quality papers that address issues related to cutting-edge smart city technologies in the electrification process, including but not limited to the following: Electrification of building environments and transportation systems; Role and impact of smart grids for smart cities; ICT and IoT infrastructures with big data for smart city electrification; Market, services, and business models for smart city electrification; Standards and implementation for smart city electrification; Advanced smart grid technology integration in smart cities, such as energy storage, demand-side management, and distributed energy resources.
    Keywords: coordinated operation ; natural gas network ; electrical network ; credit rank indicator ; data fusion ; main drive chain ; fault diagnosis ; wind turbine ; demand response programs ; social welfare maximization ; utility function ; power supply–demand balance ; electricity price ; rebate level ; fault-cause identification ; transmission line ; sparse learning ; multiview learning ; feature selection ; solar irradiance forecasting ; short-term and long-term predictions ; machine learning ; support vector machine ; Facebook Prophet ; contextual optimisation ; adaptive kernel ; multiple classifiers ; graph theory ; hydraulic model ; multi-criteria decision-making ; electric city bus ; energy consumption ; winter ; weather ; temperature ; infrastructure ; driving style ; cooling ; heating ; emissions ; Blockchain ; technology adoption theories ; technology adoption models ; systematic review ; multi-view learning ; subspace representation ; graph learning ; one-step clustering ; cyber security ; software-defined networking ; network security ; cyber-physical systems ; cross-layered ; power systems ; demand response ; coordinated preheating ; inverter air conditioner ; equivalent thermal parameter model ; smart grid ; e-bus powertrain ; tuning and optimization ; iSOPT ; digital twins ; internet-of-things ; local energy markets ; consumer digital twin ; transactive energy ; thermal comfort ; DER ; transportation ; influencing factors ; index decomposition approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In this Special Issue, you will find new directions in the research on liquid crystal applications. To be honest, we were surprised to find 10 papers covering a variety of application areas, with no overlap between them. The only important application without a related article was “display”! This was exactly the situation we hoped for. In this Special Issue, you can find 10 articles discussing the applications of LC devices or LC materials. The applications are liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for optical communication, laser processing and wireless optical charging, wavelength selective filters, waveguides, smart windows, LCDs for terahertz waves, LC polymers for polarizing grating and LC material for an ink.We believe that this Special Issue will help researchers focusng on optical devices or LC materials to obtain inspiration for new devices using liquid crystals.
    Keywords: liquid crystals ; spatial light modulator ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; photostability ; thermochromic liquid crystal inks ; temperature ; colour play effect ; communication mechanism ; optical wireless power transfer ; beam shaping ; phase modulation ; liquid crystal ; variable wavelength filter ; blue phase ; stabilized polymer ; ultraviolet light ; laser processing ; metasurface ; terahertz telecommunication ; incident angle dependence ; transmittance ; HAN-LCD ; hybrid aligned nematic ; high pretilt LCD ; half-wave plate ; smart window ; sunglasses ; vehicle window ; twisted nematic ; supertwisted nematic ; low driving voltage ; polymer stabilization ; liquid crystalline polymer ; axis-selective photoreaction ; holography ; beam diffraction ; nematic liquid crystals ; electro-optical beam steering ; optical waveguides and microstructures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Among terrestrial ecosystems, forests play a dominant role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem functioning, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem stability. Over the past several decades, however, global forests are facing unprecedented pressure from climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, resulting in a high rate of biodiversity loss due to deforestation, fragmentation, and degradation. Determining how to maintain biodiversity is extremely urgent if we want to achieve the aims of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The complex structure, species interaction, heterogenic environment, and regional species pool all affect the spatial and temporal patterns of forest species, but it is still unclear how these effects maintain long-term forest biodiversity as forests undergo rapid variations in habitat features under global change. This reprint includes sixteen published articles related to the dynamics of forest spatial structure, community assembly, forest recovery patterns after disturbance, spatial distribution of species diversity, effects of abiotic and biotic variables on understory species diversity, and above- and below-ground biotic interactions. These studies cover different forest types across varied spatial and temporal scales, as well as different biological groups (plants, birds and microbes). We acknowledge all authors who contributed to this reprint "Maintenance of Forest Biodiversity" of Forests. We hope this reprint can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of forest biodiversity maintenance.
    Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; intraspecific competition ; interspecific competition ; litter decomposition ; nutrient release ; biodiversity monitoring ; soundscape ecology ; spectrograms ; acoustic indices ; birds ; urban forests ; object-based image analysis ; novel approach ; altitude ; interspecific association ; Godron stability ; the southern Taihang Mountains ; soil nutrients ; plant diversity ; regression dominant species ; tropical monsoonal forest ; Hainan island ; soil pH ; soil available phosphorus ; root–soil–microbial interactions ; seedling bank ; seedling age ; microenvironment ; biomass allocation ; nonstructural carbohydrates ; community assembly ; beta diversity ; replacement ; richness ; spatial structure parameters ; dynamic changes ; the Sankey diagram ; mortality process ; recruitment process ; natural mixed forests ; net relatedness index ; functional trait ; niche theory ; habitat filtering ; competitive exclusion ; deciduous broad-leaved forests ; precipitation ; soil water content ; root system characteristics ; natural regeneration ; biogeography ; subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest ; functional richness ; environmental variables ; phylogenetic signal ; intra- and interspecific interactions ; stand structure ; understory vegetation ; species diversity ; canonical correlation analysis ; gap size ; soil microbe ; soil chemical property ; forest management ; PLFA analysis ; spatial distribution ; soil depth layer ; β-diversity ; soil chemical elements ; multi-site generalized dissimilarity modeling ; stand structural characteristic ; aboveground biomass ; temperature ; influence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue published one editorial, eight articles and four reviews from approximately one hundred authors. It aimed to provide cutting-edge research on pre-clinical development and the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals within the molecular imaging community. The Special Issue covered radioligand development, existing radiotracer optimization, imaging agent evaluation in animal models, the clinical production of radiopharmaceuticals, and investigative research on the use of molecular imaging probes in human subjects. We appreciate all the authors’ significant contributions to this Special Issue and hope the readers will enjoy the content.
    Keywords: nanoparticle ; multimodal imaging ; photoacoustic ; heterobivalent peptide ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid-beta ; animal model ; astrocyte ; blood–brain barrier ; imaging ; metabolism ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; neurotransmitter receptors ; positron emission tomography ; synaptic density ; vascular imaging ; FDG ; PET/CT ; microvasculature imaging ; ABC-transporter ; drug-induced liver injury ; hepatotoxicity ; organic anion-transporting polypeptide ; pharmacokinetics ; liver function ; SLC-transporter ; V/Q PET/CT ; [68Ga]Ga-MAA ; 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles ; glioblastoma ; fluorescence guided surgery ; 5-ALA ; fluorescein ; NIR-AZA ; magnetic resonance imaging ; high resolution ; hybrid imaging ; psychiatric disorders ; extracellular vesicles (EVs) ; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) ; diabetes ; I-124 ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; intravenous (I.V.) administration ; intra-arterial (I.A.) administration ; biodistribution ; fluorine-18 ; PET ; oxime ; PSMA ; lipophilicity ; radiometals ; copper-61 ; liquid targets ; post-processing ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-NOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE ; FAP ; 99mTc-FAP inhibitor ; 99mTc-labeled iFAP ; tumor microenvironment ; SPECT ; GluN1/2B receptors ; NMDA ; [3H]ifenprodil ; σ1 and σ2 receptors ; receptor occupancy ; PET imaging ; drug development ; neurodegenerative diseases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The construction industry is growing rapidly and time has changed the construction methods used. The traditional way of construction is becoming obsolete and technology is taking over. In this case, sustainable construction is the future and the new norm in the construction industry. Although there are various opportunities in this sector, there are also some challenges that exist and hinder productivity. Hence, this reprint covers the opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction.
    Keywords: thin film ; organic solar cell ; efficiency ; DBR ; temperature ; life cycle ; impact assessment ; recycled material ; geopolymer concrete ; sustainability ; workforce diversity ; technical skills ; motivation ; psychosocial ; construction worker ; productivity ; BIM ; post-disaster reconstruction ; construction industry ; scientometric analysis ; visualization ; PRISMA ; review ; RWL ; time series ; RHR ; seasonality ; prediction ; ANN ; SARIMA ; wastewater ; oil palm leaves activated carbon ; chemical activation ; COD ; adsorption ; green technology ; marble dust ; air pollution ; health hazards ; environmental pollution ; econometric analysis ; construction sector ; sustainable construction ; circular economy ; forecasting ; causal loop diagram ; construction management ; resilient supply chain ; sustainable supply chain ; supply chain management ; systems thinking ; forecasting models ; energy consumption ; smart buildings ; machine learning ; LSTM technique ; GIS ; PCA ; groundwater quality ; health risk ; solid waste ; error management climate ; psychological capital ; job stress ; aeronautical industry ; structural equation modeling ; IR 4.0 ; health and safety ; AHP ; barriers ; small contractors ; SEM ; Malaysia ; economy ; eco-materials ; energy ; environmental impact ; lean construction ; pollution ; prefabricated construction ; mediation analysis ; trust ; satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Metal manufacturing is a fundamental and indispensable technology in the processing of raw metals into desired products, which significantly promotes the development of industry and society overall. This book presents original research and a state of the art review of contemporary metal manufacturing processes, especially in the modeling, optimization, and design of the manufacturing processes. This book covers topics such as machine learning algorithms in manufacturing metal products, the fabrication and optimization of mechanical properties of metals, and numerical simulations and experiments in the machining of metals. The book presents some essential theories and successful manufacturing techniques for the low-cost and highly efficient production of metals.
    Keywords: machine learning ; reinforcement learning ; Q-learning ; steelmaking process CAS-OB ; decision-support system ; optimisation algorithm ; 3D auxetic structures ; selective laser melting ; micro assembled ; structural surface layer model ; A380 alloy ; Ca ; AlFeSi phase ; refine ; micro-cutting ; grain size ; surface integrity ; cutting forces ; chip formation ; OFHC copper C102 ; amorphous alloys ; Fe-based amorphous alloys ; difficult-to-machine ; assisted machining ; high-frequency PCB ; drilling ; coating technology ; tool wear ; hot filament chemical vapor deposition ; PCBN tool ; gray cast iron ; surface quality ; temperature prediction ; weighted regularized extreme learning machine ; just-in-time learning ; sample similarities ; variable correlations ; tool edge preparation ; orthogonal cutting ; numerical simulation ; ANOVA ; temperature ; stress ; ECAP ; metallic materials ; processing parameters ; deformation mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint covers a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, new analytical and bioanalytical methods relevant to the separation, identification, and determination of substances in pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, nanobiotechnology, clinical chemistry, and related disciplines; methods for the identification of bioactive compounds in functional foods and medicinal plants; applications of chromatography and allied techniques in biomedical sciences.
    Keywords: wild rice ; antioxidant ; macroporous resins ; LC-MS/MS ; phenolics ; procyanidins ; osimertinib ; UPLC-TOF-MS ; rat ; pharmacokinetics ; carbonyl derivatization ; phenylhydrazine ; phenylenediamine ; hydroxylamine ; water analysis ; lipoxidation ; lisdexamfetamine dimesylate ; impurities ; structural elucidation ; forced degradation ; HPLC validation ; chemical constituent profiles of Sinisan ; chinese medicine processing ; chinese medicinal formula compatibility ; Dendropanax morbifera leaf ; xanthine oxidase ; hyperuricemia ; HPLC ; advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) ; Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) ; Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) ; antler velvet processing ; UPLC-MS/MS ; Cinnamomum yabunikkei leaf ; elastase ; Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA ; rhKGF-1 ; rhKGF-2 ; bioactivity ; cell-based bioassay ; method validation ; CYP450 enzyme ; cocktail probe drug ; RT-PCR ; galangin ; affecting factors ; amadori compound ; furosine ; Maillard reaction ; velvet antler processing ; Brazilian green propolis ; phenolic acids ; UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS ; quantitation ; methodological verification ; Glycyrrhizae Radix extract ; glycyrrhizin ; isoliquiritigenin ; liquiritigenin ; liquiritin ; LC–MS/MS analysis ; desoxo-narchinol A ; Nardostachys jatamansi ; bioavailability ; silybin ; silymarin product ; comparative pharmacokinetics ; ginsenosides ; red ginseng extract ; human ; acanthus ilicifolius herb ; phenylethanoid glycosides ; C.tricuspidata Bureau ; tyrosinase ; dialyzable leukocyte extract ; Transferon® ; complex mixture of peptides ; quality specifications ; biological potency ; development and validation ; Dioscorea nipponica Makino ; steroidal saponin ; HPLC-UV ; UPLC-QTOF/MS ; validation ; osteosarcoma ; apoptosis ; epinastine ; comparison ; SH-1242 ; 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)ethanone ; HPLC-MS/MS ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is dedicated to collating recent research on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica Peninsula region. This Issue also considers the spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water. Papers in this issue are focused on field research of the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. The main objects of the study are the properties of seawater, currents, ecosystems, and biological communities in the South Atlantic, the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, the Bransfield Strait, and the Antarctic Sound. The Antarctic marine ecosystem is unique in terms of its biodiversity and high productivity of the basic trophic levels of the ecosystem. This ecosystem is efficiently used by organisms such as seabirds, seals, and whales that feed on Antarctic krill.
    Keywords: cryptophytes ; nanophytoplankton ; picophytoplankton ; photosynthetic picoeukaryotes ; phytoplankton bloom ; Bransfield Strait ; Antarctic Peninsula ; flow cytometry ; subtropical rings ; Subantarctic rings ; CTD ; ADCP ; optical and hydrochemical parameters ; methane ; primary production ; plankton ; fish ; birds and whales ; Orkney Passage ; hydraulic control ; subcritical ; supercritical flows ; deep overflow ; LADCP ; bottom circulation ; Antarctic krill Euphausia superba ; eggs ; nauplii ; calyptopis ; furcilia ; abundance ; distribution ; Atlantic sector ; Southern Ocean ; temperature ; salinity ; current system ; the Bransfield Strait ; South Ocean ; Antarctic Bottom Water ; Vema Channel ; CTD/LADCP measurements ; three jets of bottom current ; chlorophyll a ; Euphausiacea ; Euphausia superba ; Salpa thompsoni ; planktonic tunicate ; climate change ; feeding competition ; Malvinas Current ; submesoscale ; water mass ; Lagrangian analysis ; upper mixed layer ; euphotic layer ; bio-optical ; fluorescence ; SADCP ; mesoparasitic copepods ; bacterioplankton ; bioluminescence ; optically active components ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; Atlantic sector of the Antarctic ; benthos ; nemerteans ; larvae ; bipolar distribution ; mesozooplankton ; copepods ; euphausiid larvae ; biomass ; Antarctic Sound ; Weddell Sea ; South Orkney Islands ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is an excellent collection of articles that deal with difficult-to-treat infections in the ICU environment. Multiresistant bacteria and fungi create severe treatment problems to the physician charged with their care. We hope that this book will help everyday dilemmas and add useful information on difficult topics.
    Keywords: Acinetobacter ; pandrug-resistant ; antimicrobial combinations ; synergy ; renal replacement therapy ; Monte Carlo simulation ; antibiotics ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; microbiome ; probiotics ; intensive care unit ; dysbiosis ; ventilator-associated pneumonia ; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; ECMO ; critical illness ; antibiotic choices ; HAP ; VAP ; colonization ; antibiotic pressure ; bloodstream infection ; bacteraemia ; sepsis ; septic shock ; empirical ; probabilistic antibiotics ; source control ; de-escalation ; ICU ; intensive care ; antimicrobial stewardship ; COVID-19 ; procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; presepsin ; infection ; biomarker ; guided antimicrobial therapy ; APACHE II score ; bacteremia ; broth microdilution ; colistin ; colistin-resistant ; Gram-negative ; mortality ; SOFA score ; candidemia ; incidence ; epidemiology ; Candida species ; non-albicans Candida species ; fluconazole resistance ; critically ill ; beta-lactam antibiotics ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; antibiotic optimisation ; antibiotic stewardship (AMS) ; aspiration pneumonia ; hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) ; multidrug-resistance (MDR) ; non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ; polymicrobial ; pneumonia resolution ; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) ; carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb) ; infection control ; antimicrobial agents ; carbapenems ; antibiotic resistance ; clinical pharmacy services ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; salvage treatment ; double carbapenem ; newer β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors ; cefiderocol ; eravacycline ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; mechanical ventilation ; risk factors ; blood stream infection ; defined daily dose ; antibiotics utilization ; empiric ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The continuous and widespread deterioration of lake water quality and eutrophication is not only a local problem, but also a global phenomenon. It is not only destroying, or at least limiting, the valuable water resources for daily life, but threatening the water security of sustainable social development. More importantly, along with the rapid accumulation of the alga, including novel hypertoxic viruses and new toxic chemicals, as well as other organic compounds, these stressors threaten aquatic life, biodiversity and endanger our health.This Special Issue highlights and discusses major threats to Plateau Lakes water quality, and provides an update on both lake current status, as well as future challenges. Lake problems, such as pollution and eutrophication, require that we quantify how serious the situation is, identify the probable causes, and recommend how to control the pollution in order to restore and protect water quality. More importantly, this Special Issue stresses the need to manage the lakes and the watershed under a unified approach.
    Keywords: external loading ; internal loading ; water quality ; tributary ; Lake Xingyun ; Lake Chenghai ; Yunnan ; water quality parameters ; seasonality ; spatial heterogeneity ; La-modified material ; macrophyte ; sediments ; phosphorus ; eutrophication ; particulate organic matter (POM) ; carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ; source tracing ; ecosystem degradation ; Caohai Lake ; middle reach of the Jinsha River ; cascade hydropower development ; regression discontinuity analysis ; Lake Lugu ; thermal stratification ; seasonal changes ; Lake Qilu ; seasonal variation ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; chlorophyll-a ; pH ; turbidity ; plateau lake ; nutrient limitation transformation ; nutrient threshold ; alkaline lake ; phytoplankton blooms ; Lake Yangzong ; temporal and spatial variations ; cyanophyte relative quantity index ; nutrient reduction ; n/a ; Lake Yilong ; spatial-temporal variations ; anthropogenic activities ; Lake Erhai ; temperature ; Chl-a ; nutrient elements ; heavy metal elements ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; entropy method-fuzzy evaluation method ; principal component analysis ; spatial variation ; temporal variation ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Advanced manufacturing technology and systems cover a broad scope involving manufacturing processes, machine tool design, system optimization, smart and flexible manufacturing, theoretical study and metrology. This reprint comprises 19 original papers concerning recent advances in the research and development of AMTSs. Specifically, there are many research fields that are covered: machining processes (six papers), micro-/nano-precision fabrication (four papers), and system optimization (eight papers), in addition to one review.
    Keywords: pipeline corrosion ; BP neural network ; uncertainty ; corrosion growth model ; optical fiber sensor ; gold-plated fiber Bragg grating ; pressure ; temperature sensing ; optical properties ; sheet resistance ; transparent conductive thin film ; annealing temperature ; ZnO/Metal/ZnO ; KDP crystals ; water-dissolution polishing ; wetting characteristics ; surface quality ; additive manufacturing ; process parameters ; fused deposition modeling ; mechanical properties ; fiber-optic sensors ; temperature ; refractive index ; multi-parameter sensing ; Michelson interferometer ; fiber optic sensor ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; optical fiber waist-enlarged bitaper ; the refractive index sensitivity ; corrosion ; laser-assisted grinding ; grinding force ; material removal mechanism ; microcracks ; complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ; MEMS ; tactile sensor ; stiction effect ; temporary handling ; stiction contact ; Au–Si eutectic ; flip-chip ; chemical enhanced shear dilatancy ; tungsten ; polishing ; air-coupled acoustic transducer ; matching layer ; acoustic impedance ; bonding layer ; side ohmic contact ; transmission line model ; specific contact resistance ; annealing temperatures ; milling stability ; composite Cotes-based method ; Simpson’s 3/8-based method ; Floquet theory ; medical β titanium alloy ; ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting ; composite cutting process ; ECM ; gas–liquid two-phase turbulence model ; miniature bearing outer ring ; machining accuracy ; central composite design ; 4H-SiC wafer ; amorphous silica ; ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics ; plastic removal ; chemical reaction ; atomic layer deposition (ALD) ; linewidth regulation ; micro- and nano-metrology ; one-dimensional nano-grating standard ; vision ; defect inspection ; YOLO ; FPGA ; attention ; femtosecond laser polishing ; SiC ceramics ; laser ablation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Microalgae are photosynthetic unicellular microorganisms that represent an extremely important component of the aquatic ecosystem productivity, diversity, and functioning. Moreover, these microorganisms, using a network of signals, interact with all the other organisms present in their environment. Signals are often secondary metabolites that play an important role in competition, defense, attraction, and signaling. These molecules are recognized for having bioactive properties, but some of them are still largely underexplored and underexploited. This Special Issue focuses on studies aimed to improve knowledge on microalgal ecology (diversity and dynamics) in aquatic ecosystems, as well as on their capacity to produce bioactive compounds with potential biotechnological applications.
    Keywords: microalgae-bacteria consortia ; predation ; raceway pond ; bubble column reactors ; nitrogen removal ; productivity ; centrate ; molecular tools. ; picocyanobacteria toxicity ; Cyanobium ; Synechococcus ; Artemia salina ; sea urchin embryos ; HeLa cell line ; microcystin ; BMAA ; harmful algal blooms ; bioremediation ; filtration activity ; polychaetes ; dinoflagellates ; Spirulina ; phycocyanin ; extraction ; ultrafiltration ; diafiltration ; phytoplankton ; highly-mineralized water ; gypsum karst lake ; community ; structural variables ; diversity indices ; spirulina ; Arthrospira maxima ; glyphosate ; proteomics ; resistance ; biodiversity ; biovolume ; cell size ; eutrophication ; mesocosm ; temperature ; nitrogen pollution ; climate change ; imaging flow cytometry ; n/a ; biofilters ; cyanobacteria ; microalgae ; single-cell protein ; rumen function ; bioactive compounds ; photobiocatalysis ; Emiliania huxleyi ; CO2 ; coccolithophores ; Idiomarina abyssalis ; Brachybacterium sp. ; phytoplankton–bacteria interactions ; changing ocean ; functional profiling of marine bacteria ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Air pollution is a worldwide environmental hazard that poses serious consequences not only for human health and the climate but also for agriculture, ecosystems, and cultural heritage, among other factors. According to the WHO, there are 8 million premature deaths every year as a result of exposure to ambient air pollution. In addition, more than 90% of the world’s population live in areas where the air quality is poor, exceeding the recommended limits. On the other hand, air pollution and the climate co-influence one another through complex physicochemical interactions in the atmosphere that alter the Earth’s energy balance and have implications for climate change and the air quality. It is important to measure specific atmospheric parameters and pollutant compound concentrations, monitor their variations, and analyze different scenarios with the aim of assessing the air pollution levels and developing early warning and forecast systems as a means of improving the air quality and safeguarding public health. Such measures can also form part of efforts to achieve a reduction in the number of air pollution casualties and mitigate climate change phenomena. This book contains contributions focusing on remote sensing techniques for evaluating air quality, including the use of in situ data, modeling approaches, and the synthesis of different instrumentations and techniques. The papers published in this book highlight the importance and relevance of air quality studies and the potential of remote sensing, particularly that conducted from Earth observation platforms, to shed light on this topic.
    Keywords: tropospheric NO2 concentrations ; nitrogen dioxide ; OMI ; spatio-temporal trends ; DBEST ; PolyTrend ; time-series analysis ; breakpoint detection ; air pollution ; TROPOMI ; COVID ; nitrogen oxides ; satellite-based ; NO2 ; land use regression ; exposure assessment ; carbon monoxide ; COVID-19 ; China ; surface concentration ; IASI ; drone ; UAV ; gas sensors ; odour ; industrial emissions ; mapping ; environmental monitoring ; aerosol optical depth ; CAMS ; machine learning ; MODIS ; urban form ; PM2.5 ; landscape metrics ; geographically weighted regression ; Yunnan Plateau ; biomass burning ; cross-border transport ; WRF-Chem ; formaldehyde ; trend ; satellite ; monitor ; annual ; seasonal ; temperature ; meteorology ; AOD ; Europe ; open data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are pleased to introduce this collection of research papers entitled "Horticultural Plants Facing Stressful Conditions - Strategies for Stress Mitigation". This reprint comprises twelve research papers and a review paper exploring the impact of stress factors on plant growth and ways to eliminate or mitigate them. The studies investigate various plant species, including sunflowers, zinnias, orchids, buttercups, tomatoes, snap beans, lettuce, jojoba, grapevines, strawberries and apple trees. The impact of stress caused by high temperatures, spring frosts, drought, salinity, copper and asbestos on the physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels was described by the authors. The presented issues are crucial for comprehending the metabolic, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant resistance to environmental stresses. This reprint focuses on three essential topics: (1) using exogenous compounds and bioinoculants to increase stress tolerance, (2) improving the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables and (3) planting ornamental plants in polluted areas. Each paper has been meticulously prepared and contains figures, tables and a list of references to support a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In our opinion, this revised reprint will benefit scientists who are specifically interested in horticulture, plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L. ; salinity ; quality ; nano-silicon ; plant hormones ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; temperature ; solar radiation ; tolerance ; pigments ; proteins ; zinnia ; redox-active metal ; cell-wall lignification ; phenolics ; phenylpropanoid metabolic-pathway genes ; landscaping of urban areas ; antioxidant systems ; brassinolide ; grapevine ; ion accumulation ; leaf anatomy ; salt stress ; ultrastructure ; brassinosteroids ; strawberry ; growth ; stress ; Orchidaceae ; ornamental plant introduction ; serpentine outcrops ; stressful conditions ; adaptive responses ; plant water status ; redox balance ; non-enzymatic antioxidants ; nonessential elements ; moderate salinity ; biofortification ; gas exchange ; Lactuca sativa L. ; jojoba ; proline ; malondialdehyde ; total phenolic content ; climate change ; seawater ; ion leakage ; priming of defense ; G proteins ; calcium signaling ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; phytohormones ; SA signaling ; JA signaling ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant proteins ; defense genes ; buttercup ; melatonin ; POD activity ; STI ; antioxidant enzymes ; nutrient homeostasis ; osmolytes ; Phaseolus vulgaris L ; polyamine oxidation ; putrescine and saline conditions ; adaptogenic preparations ; foliar sprays ; tolerance of spring frosts ; yield ; fruit quality ; drought ; high temperature ; antioxidants ; free radicals ; photosynthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of groundwater models developed with the aim of optimizing the management of water resources in urban environments, coastal areas, karst aquifers, and riparian zones, among other environments. The testing of innovative techniques applied to traditional models, including machine learning techniques, is of particular interest. Special attention is given to the application of tools for the evaluation of climate change effects on groundwater.
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; modeling ; MODFLOW ; kriging ; residuals ; water levels ; Edwards–Trinity aquifer ; GIS ; remote sensing ; groundwater potential assessment ; analytical hierarchy processes ; weight overlay analysis ; West Arsi Zone ; groundwater ; physically-based models ; machine learning models ; artificial neural network ; random forest ; support vector machine ; carbonate aquifer ; faults and folds ; groundwater modelling ; multilayer aquifer ; MODFLOW-NWT formulation ; Central Italy ; heat transport ; watershed modeling ; temperature ; climate change ; water pollution ; solute transport modelling ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; pollution prevention plans ; pharmaceuticals ; carbamazepine ; longitudinal dispersion coefficient ; decay rate coefficient ; small island ; groundwater storage ; groundwater management ; geo-electrical survey ; density-dependent model ; SEAWAT ; water security ; unsaturated zone ; water management ; groundwater forecasting ; foothill aquifers ; Brenta River plain ; Empoli plain ; Magra Valley ; groundwater hydrochemistry ; principal component analysis ; multi-aquifer system ; flow model ; contaminant sources ; urban hydrogeology ; rising groundwater levels ; shallow aquifer ; 3D geodatabase ; horizontal flow barrier ; Milan ; Italy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The discipline of aquaculture ecology is developing rapidly and has generated much valuable progress in recent decades. This reprint mainly describes the recent advances in the individual ecology of commercial aquatic organisms, the ecology of aquaculture systems, the interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment, the structure of function of microbial communities, the principles of environmental management in aquaculture ecosystems, etc. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing human activities, and has achieved high and predictable yields in recent decades. However, the industry is also facing numerous long-term challenges, such as environmental pollution, excessive resource consumption, etc. Aquaculture ecology aims to lay an ecological foundation for the sustainable development of aquaculture. This reprint hosts 10 papers and 1 editorial, with topics including, but not limited to, the impact of floating raft aquaculture on the hydrodynamic environment of an open sea area; the bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater using seaweed; the production environment in biofloc systems; the effects of various environmental factors, including temperature, carbonate alkalinity and protein levels in compound feed on commercial aquatic species; advances in ecology research on major integrated rice field aquaculture models in China, etc. The advances in aquaculture ecology research collected in this reprint can provide references for the sustainable development of aquaculture.
    Keywords: aquaculture wastewater ; desiccation ; growth ; Neoporphyra ; nitrogen limitation ; NO3-N and PO4-P removal ; water velocity ; molasses ; PHBV ; water quality ; nitrification rate ; heterotrophic ; bacteria community ; bacterial function ; rice–crab co-culture ; Eriocheir sinensis ; dietary protein content ; ecological environment ; rice field ; integrated aquaculture ; ecology ; review ; prospects ; coupling degree ; eco-certification ; biochemical composition ; golden tide ; NO3-N uptake ; photosynthesis ; seaweed cultivation ; mud crab ; temperature ; molting ; energy metabolism ; floating raft aquaculture area ; open sea area ; hydrodynamic environment ; water exchange capacity ; numerical simulation ; carbonate alkalinity stress ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; reproduction ; ovary ; eyestalk ; transcriptome ; growth performance ; bacterial community ; Bacillus pumilus BP-171 ; Penaeus vannamei ; Daphniopsis tibetana ; biology ; different habitats ; population growth parameters ; third-generation transcriptome sequencing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint collects high-quality manuscripts with a focus on food composition, with special emphasis on chemical characterization, the content of bioactive molecules, contaminants, and analytical aspects. The roles of variety, cultivation, growing conditions, and technological processes on the nutritional quality of foods have been investigated. Studies dealing with the biological activity and health benefits of bioactive food molecules have been also considered.
    Keywords: sweet potato ; variety ; growing location ; starch ; physicochemical properties ; FTIR ; NMR ; β-casein ; secondary structure ; temperature ; pH ; cottonseed ; fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; glandless ; scanning electron microcopy ; thermogravimetric analysis ; constipation ; probiotic compounds ; gastrointestinal transit rate ; gut microbiota ; colonize ; octopus vulgaris ; cooking liquor ; scomber colias ; canning ; packaging medium ; lipid hydrolysis ; lipid oxidation ; polyene index ; ω3/ω6 ratio ; neuraminidase ; Garcinia atroviridis ; influenza virus ; Nα ; Nε-diacyl-l-lysine ; vegetable oil ; oleogel ; gelator ; oil-binding capacity ; gamma irradiation ; rose hip ; seed oil ; polysaccharides ; carbohydrates ; lipids ; germplasm ; crystalline structure ; thermal properties ; Neopyropia yezoensis ; Koji fermentation ; hepatic steatosis ; obese db/db mouse ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; stachydrine ; betaine ; carnitine ; Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus “Carciofo di Paestum” PGI ; green extracts ; 1H NMR and HRMS-based metabolomics ; multivariate data analysis ; C-type starch ; molecular component ; heat properties ; principal component analysis ; honey ; phenolic compounds ; metabolomics ; Greek honey ; chemometrics ; botanical origin ; authenticity ; discrimination ; high-resolution mass spectrometry ; glyphosate ; HPLC-ICP-MS/MS ; white and brown rice ; LOD ; LOQ ; matrix effect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Aircraft electrification is one of the most important and strategic initiatives currently supporting the innovation of the aviation industry. This manifests in the well-known more-electric aircraft concept (with the ultimate aim of achieving the all-electric long-term target), which aims to gradually replace onboard systems based on mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources with electrically powered ones to reduce the weight and costs, optimize energy, and increase the eco-compatibility and reliability of future aircrafts.A key technological enabler for pursuing these challenging objectives is electro-mechanical actuation. The applicability of electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in aerospace has been proved in terms of dynamic performances, but it still entails several concerns in terms of reliability/safety and operation in a harsh environment. In civil aircrafts, EMAs are often avoided for safety-critical functions (flight controls, brakes, landing gears, and nose wheel steering), essentially because the statistical database on the components' fault modes is poor.This Special Issue is thus focused on advancements and innovations in the design, modelling/simulation, architectural definition, reliability/safety analysis, control, condition-monitoring, and experimental testing of EMAs developed for safety-critical aerospace applications. The research papers included in this Special Issue will undoubtedly contribute to progress towards the objective of more electric flights.
    Keywords: more electric vehicles ; dissimilar redundant actuation system ; NSGA-II algorithm ; optimization design ; electrically actuated nose wheel steering ; all-electric aircraft ; electromagnetic damper ; electromagnetic simulation ; landing gear shimmy reduction ; shape control ; macro-fiber composites ; bending ; twisting ; experimental validation ; control system ; actuator ; aerospace ; electromechanical ; flight control ; friction ; modelling ; position control ; preliminary design ; simulation ; validation ; fixed-wing UAV ; full-electric propulsion system ; axial-flux PMSMS ; fault-tolerant control ; phase-to-ground short circuit ; failure transient analysis ; prognostics ; electromechanical actuators ; neural network ; temperature ; all-electric propulsion ; electric machines ; fault diagnosis ; inter-turn short circuit ; specification ; flight analysis ; dimensional analysis ; vibration ; multidisciplinary optimization ; health monitoring ; electro-mechanical actuators ; testing ; reliability ; fault-tolerant systems ; aircraft anti-skid braking system ; actuator faults ; reconfiguration control ; linear active-disturbance rejection control ; deep reinforcement learning ; twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm ; active cylindrical coupler ; correction coefficient ; finite element method ; hybrid UAV ; magnetic coupler ; magnetic coupling ; noncontact torque transmission ; mean magnetic field ; wire diameter ; coil ; sinusoidal response ; square-wave response ; incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) ; actuator compensation ; model reduction ; pseudo-control hedging (PCH) ; helicopter attitude control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: With the second volume, we continue our mission to providing theoretical and experimental research that contribute new insights and practical findings in the field of crystal plasticity-related topics. Once again, a completely new set of 26 original works (including 22 research articles, 3 communications, and 1 review) has been collected. As in the case of the first volume, here, a full spectrum of topics belonging to the field of crystal plasticity is represented, including both numerical simulations and experimental works. By taking into account the investigated materials, the papers can be assigned to the following thematic groups: Steels and iron-based alloys; Non-ferrous alloys with fcc- (Ni- and Cu-based), or hcp crystal structure (Mg- and Ti-based). Other examples include Zirconium, Bi-Sn alloy, or polycarbonate resins; Multicomponent and high-entropy alloys; General theoretical studies on crystal plasticity. Specifically, the reprint should be interesting for students of material science and engineering, Ph.D. candidates, and researchers dealing with various theoretical and practical aspects of plastic deformation in crystalline materials.
    Keywords: aluminum ; nickel ; superalloys ; γ′- and γ-phases ; close-packed phases ; rhenium ; ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel (UTGO) ; cold rolling ; twinning ; Goss ; {100} ; Ti2AlNb alloy ; mechanical properties ; constitutive relation ; Johnson–Cook model ; grain boundary ; crystallographic orientation ; crystallographic plasticity ; deformation behavior ; Mg-based alloy ; first principles ; structural properties ; tensile properties ; high purity titanium ; FCC phase ; TKD ; pole figure ; transformation matrix ; Bi–Sn alloy ; microhardness ; self-annealing ; superplasticity ; tube high-pressure shearing ; shape memory alloys ; FeNiCoAlTiNb ; microstructure ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; brass-type shear band ; twin–matrix lamellae ; coplanar slip ; Taylor model ; Cu–Zn alloy ; cold-rolling texture ; X-ray diffraction ; zirconium ; strain-gradient crystal plasticity ; slip band ; geometrically necessary dislocation ; statistically stored dislocation ; high angular resolution electron back scatter diffraction ; crystal plasticity ; multilevel models ; large strain ; motion decomposition ; constitutive law ; anisotropic materials ; corotational derivative ; strain rate ; temperature ; polycrystalline Cu6Sn5 ; molecular dynamic ; ECAP ; copper alloy ; strain homogeneity ; 3D FEM ; thermodynamic modeling ; magnesium ; phase diagram ; liquidus projection ; nickel-based superalloy ; anisotropy ; slip system modelling ; Schmid factor ; Young’s moduli ; dual-phase steel ; forming limit diagrams ; DAMASK ; M-K approach ; Keeler-Brazier approach ; different grades ; RSD ; simulate r egression models ; processing and parameters ; analysis of variance ; resin pigment blends ; laser weld ; heat input ; cooling rate ; residual stresses ; fusion zone ; meso scale ; coupled temperature-displacement ; dislocations ; diffusion ; FeC alloy ; dynamic strain aging ; superelasticity ; FeNiCoAlTi ; multi-scale modeling ; gradient materials ; 21-4N valve steel ; mechanical alloying ; vacuum hot pressing ; powder metallurgy ; slip ; mechanical twinning ; constitutive modeling ; finite element simulations ; twin volume fraction ; plastic deformation ; low-cycle fatigue ; pre-damage ; low alloy steel ; coupling damage ; nickel-free austenitic stainless steel ; phase transition ; profile analysis ; whole powder pattern modeling ; Nano (Ti,Cr)C powder ; mechanical alloying (MA) ; nanostructure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Energy is an important material basis that can promote the development of human society. Despite the increasing use of renewable energy, the overall energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels. For a long period of time, the main consumption proportion of fossil energy will not change. With the perspective of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale oil, shale gas, and combustible ice, energy exploration, reservoir reconstruction, and intelligent applications in energy exploitation and energy occurrence geology are currently explored from the perspectives of exploration and exploitation technology. This reprint summarizes the intelligent unmanned mining and its development trends and conducts various research studies, including the stratigraphic correlation of sandy conglomerate in the Yellow River Delta Sag of the Bohai Bay basin, the growth and distribution of coal-measured hydrocarbon source rocks in a mixed platform, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone, mudstone and granite in the geological environment of deep energy reservoirs, the formation mechanism of energy reservoirs and gas reservoirs, the two-phase flow experiment and numerical simulation in energy mining, the evolution law of cracks in the surrounding rock and the reinforcement principle of gradient support, and the comparison of particle pickup by axial flow and swirling flow in horizontal pneumatic conveying.
    Keywords: intelligent mine ; smart mining ; intelligent working face ; intelligent control ; adaptive ; robotic technology ; seismic rock physics ; sandstone and mudstone ; P-wave and S-wave velocity ; pressure ; temperature ; sandy conglomerate ; Huanghekou Sag ; stratigraphic correlation ; calcite U-Pb dating ; detrital zircon ; pressure-controlled pyrolysis ; oil–water separation ; centrifugal force ; two-phase vapor separation ; cyclone separation ; Tarim Basin ; mixed platform ; delta ; coal-measure distribution ; coal-measure logging response ; axial flow ; swirling flow ; pickup behavior ; coefficient of variation ; tight sandstone gas reservoir ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; fracture ; water blocking ; n/a ; rock mechanical properties ; MMTS ; geothermal development ; geothermal reservoir ; different depth of occurrence ; gas storage ; injection production simulation ; effective permeability ; seepage law ; two-dimensional simulation experiment ; fracture evolution law ; fractured seepage zone ; gradient failure support ; hierarchical control mechanism ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Advanced Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery is a reprint with a summary editorial, followed by 16 chapters that cover five areas of brain drug delivery, including receptor-mediated transport (RMT), carrier-mediated transport (CMT), active efflux transport (AET), Trojan horse lipid nanoparticles (LNP), and in vivo methods for measurement of drug transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
    Keywords: blood–brain barrier (BBB) ; brain drug delivery ; prodrugs ; solute carriers (SLCs) ; lysosomal storage disease ; neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidosis ; blood–brain barrier ; neurodegeneration ; enzyme replacement therapy ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; insulin receptor ; endothelium ; receptor-mediated transport ; carrier-mediated transport ; genetic engineering ; IgG fusion proteins ; nanoparticles ; liposomes ; TrkB ; agonist antibody ; variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) ; neuroprotection ; transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) ; blood-brain barrier (BBB) ; 6-OHDA ; Parkinson’s disease ; bispecific antibody ; alpha-synuclein (αSYN) ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; immunotherapy ; monoclonal antibody ; transferrin receptor (TfR) ; receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) ; single domains antibody ; IGF1R ; neurotensin ; protein-based therapy ; lysosomal storage disorders ; fusion proteins ; Alzheimer’s disease ; neurotrophic factors ; decoy receptors ; ATP-binding cassette transporters ; drug delivery ; ischemic stroke ; SLC transporters ; lipid nanoparticle ; ssPalm ; mRNA transfection ; hCMEC/D3 cells ; cell toxicity ; SWATH-MS ; translation ; chaperonin-containing TCP-1 ; proton-coupled organic cation antiporter ; photo-affinity labeling ; proteomics ; SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical-mass spectra) ; pharmacokinetics ; compartmental models ; physiologically based PK models ; blood-brain barrier ; antibody ; cavernous sinus ; BBB–peptide shuttle ; brain delivery ; solute carrier (SLC) transporters ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ; NSC-34 cell lines ; taurine transporter (Taut) ; large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) ; monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) ; organic cation transporters (OCTNs) ; choline transporter-like protein-1 (CTL1) ; TNF-α inhibitor ; molecular Trojan horse ; endosomal ; liposome ; nanoparticle ; targeting ; transferrin ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment affected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow. Therefore, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc. The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions. However, novel bacteria that degrade polymers considered non-biodegradable in other, unusual conditions (such as conditions of high salinity) are also presented.
    Keywords: chitin nanocrystals ; antioxidant activity ; polylactic acid ; nanocomposite ; active packaging ; DPPH ; eco-friendly copolymer ; poly(benzofurane-co-arylacetic acid) ; chitosan ; heavy metals removal ; wastewater ; Roșia Montană ; adsorption mechanism ; poly(butylene sebacate) ; biopolymer blends ; thermal analysis ; dynamic mechanical analysis ; polylactide ; cellulose nanowhiskers ; biopolymer ; stereocomplex ; interfacial compatibility ; nucleating agent ; hemin ; TEMPO stable radical ; correlation times ; ultrathin fibers ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; ozo-nation ; amorphous phase ; fish scales ; hydroxyapatite ; deproteinization ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; physical properties ; mechanical properties ; thermal properties ; electrospinnability ; polymer blends ; poly(lactic acid) ; aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters ; 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid ; thermoplastic polyurethane ; creep ; non-linear Burgers model ; activation energy ; 1D PLA filaments ; temperature ; ageing ; PLLA ; hydrophilicity ; alkali hydrolysis ; crystallinity ; biodegradable ; biocompatible ; antibacterial ; synthetic polymers ; natural polymers ; medical applications ; bone cement ; composite ; β-TCP ; PVA ; PVP ; microwave ; biocompatible polymers ; casein ; electric double layer ; synaptic transistors ; artificial synapses ; neuromorphic computing ; green composites ; 3D printing ; FDM ; biopolymers ; solanum lycopersicum ; surface characterization ; scanning probe microscopy ; additive manufacturing ; PLA ; multifrequency AFM ; alpha mangostin ; hyaluronic acid ; polymeric nanoparticle ; cytotoxic ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; nano-additives ; nanocomposites ; synthesis ; properties ; applications ; diabetes ; polymers ; biomaterials ; scaffolds ; wound dressings ; superabsorbent polymer ; water–polymer interaction ; solid waste sludge treatment ; starch biopolymer ; water absorbency ; starch ; halloysite ; hot water resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on quantitatively assessing the impact of climate change on agricultural production based on multi-source model simulation and reveals the role and mechanism of improved management measures in adapting to climate change. Modeling is a key tool for exploring the impacts of climate change on agriculture and proposing adaptation strategies. The insights derived from this reprint will be helpful for relevant decision makers in the areas of agricultural adaptation and food security.
    Keywords: temperature ; evaluation ; CLDAS ; GLDAS ; ERA5-Land ; adaptation ; climate change ; summer maize ; phenology shift ; GCM ; CNRM-CM6 ; PET ; IPCC-AR6 ; SSP scenarios ; solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) ; winter wheat ; yield forecast ; random forest ; enhanced vegetation index (EVI) ; geographic distribution ; suitable habitat ; Rheum nanum ; MaxEnt ; ArcGIS ; range shifts ; climate scenario ; agriculture ; food security ; planting boundary ; crop modelling ; yield ; future climate scenarios ; soybean ; CROPWAT ; reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) ; crop water requirement (ETc) ; irrigation water requirement (Ir) ; crop yield ; cultivated area ; water use ; wheat–corn ; DNDC ; net greenhouse effect ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas production ; k-nearest neighbours ; support vector machine ; middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River ; rice ; heat stress ; nitrous oxide ; soil gas flux ; silicone diffusion cell ; soil gas diffusivity ; passive gas sampling ; soil gas diffusion coefficient ; soil gas flux simulation ; carbon sequestration ; different scenarios ; land use ; sustainable development ; Xinjiang ; ETo ; yield response factor ; irrigation water requirement ; cotton ; GCMs ; CERES-rice model ; rice yield ; light and heat resource utilization ; potential evapotranspiration (ET0) ; Penman–Monteith ; sensitivity analysis ; contribution rate ; optimal irrigation ; sustainable irrigation ; water use efficiency ; North China Plain ; sugarcane ; SPEI ; waterlogging ; growth stage ; climatic yield ; yield prediction ; machine learning ; APSIM model ; climate indices ; range shift ; apple trees ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: “Advances in Transboundary Aquifer Assessment” features studies of transboundary aquifers, particularly at the border shared by Mexico and the United States, a semi-arid to arid region experiencing significant population growth and changing climate conditions. Aquifer assessment in a transboundary setting requires the cooperation of multiple jurisdictions, sometimes with different languages and cultures. The papers in this Special Issue represent a broad array of investigations of complex physical aquifer systems and related institutional settings, including identification and prioritization of needs and strategies for sustainable groundwater development and use; characterization of the physical framework of the aquifer, stressors on the aquifer system, and how those stressors influence the availability of groundwater in terms of its quantity and quality; and the incorporation of stakeholder input and prioritization directly into the process of aquifer assessment and model building.
    Keywords: transboundary aquifers ; United States ; Mexico ; assessment ; agreements ; groundwater management ; self-potential ; temperature ; conductivity ; surface water ; groundwater ; groundwater and surface water interactions ; rivers ; resistivity ; streamflow ; Santa Cruz River ; climate change ; water resources ; transboundary aquifer ; transboundary aquifer assessment ; Arizona ; Sonora ; groundwater storage ; groundwater use ; multilevel governance ; agreement ; transboundary basins ; retrospective analysis ; Canada ; groundwater depletion ; binational resource management ; serious games ; stakeholder cooperation ; transboundary waters ; US–Mexico ; water governance ; science production ; bidirectionality ; human and natural systems ; system dynamics modeling ; transboundary ; aquifers ; border ; Hueco Bolson ; MODFLOW ; Rio Grande ; Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program ; collaboration ; trust ; power ; risk ; U.S./Mexico border ; ethnography ; salinization ; geothermal ; international water supplies ; water quality ; upflow ; vertical groundwater flow ; heat transport ; thermal modeling ; conceptual model ; hydrogeology ; geochemistry ; Santa Cruz River Aquifer ; water balance model ; climate uncertainty ; isotopes ; transboundary aquifers assessment ; Mesilla Basin ; Conejos-Médanos/Mesilla aquifer ; hydrogeomorphology ; recharge ; discharge ; aquifer assessment ; stakeholder involvement ; United States–Mexico border ; United States–Canada border ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the few last years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.
    Keywords: ocular ; drug delivery ; pharmacokinetics ; tissue isolation ; rat ; eye ; drug concentration ; method ; pigment ; melanin ; aniridia ; ataluren ; ophthalmic solution ; rare disease ; stability ; tacrolimus ; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ; topical ophthalmic administration ; eye drops ; uveitis ; PET/CT imaging ; ocular implants ; electrospinning technique ; glaucoma ; sustained drug release ; poly ε-caprolactone ; electrospun fibers ; permeability ; retina ; retinal pigment epithelium ; Ussing chamber ; intravitreal half-life ; posterior capsule opacification ; pathophysiology ; wound healing ; lens epithelial cells ; intraocular lenses ; experimental models ; clinical studies ; gold nanoparticles ; anterior chamber ; distribution ; intracameral injection ; trabecular meshwork ; hyaluronic acid ; liposomes ; intravitreal ; ocular drug delivery ; retinal explants ; amantadine ; blood–retinal barrier ; retinal disease ; NMDA receptor ; inner BRB ; retinal capitally endothelial cells ; outer BRB ; retinal pigment epithelial cells ; transporter ; rivoceranib ; drug repositioning ; microsphere ; subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ; macular degeneration ; endotoxin-induced uveitis ; interleukins ; immunosuppressants ; physicochemical stability ; container-content interaction ; leachable compound ; nanoparticles ; PLGA ; lactoferrin ; nanoprecipitation ; protein nanocarriers ; keratoconus ; corneal ecstatic disorder ; posterior capsular opacification ; intraocular lens ; surface modification ; photothermal therapy ; photodynamic therapy ; micro-pattern ; anti-biofouling ; ocular hypertension ; prostaglandin analogues ; aqueous solubility ; chemical stability ; intraocular pressure ; cystinosis ; ophthalmic administration ; cysteamine ; compounded formulation ; PET ; nanocrystals ; conjunctivitis ; besifloxacin ; Povacoat® ; fluoroquinolones ; acanthamoeba keratitis ; controlled drug delivery ; contact lens ; miltefosine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is focused on recent advances in land–atmosphere interactions and their effects on climate change over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions using multisource remote sensing data and in situ measurements. Retrieval of land surface variables and surface heat fluxes as well as change monitoring in snow, glaciers, lakes, and other land-surface covers are of particular interest. Special attention is given to the retrieval of land-surface key properties, variations in land-surface heat fluxes, estimation of precipitation and evapotranspiration, change monitoring of glacier and lakes, the responses of lakes to climate change, carbon, water and heat exchange in terrestrial ecosystems, risk assessment of snow disasters, estimation of turbulence characteristics, and vegetation dynamics and its response to weather and climate. This reprint was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0103); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42230610, 91837208, 41875031).
    Keywords: surface sensible heating ; Tibetan Plateau ; teleconnection wave trains ; dominant modes ; interannual and interdecadal variations ; land–atmosphere interaction ; evapotranspiration ; soil moisture ; temperature ; climate transition areas ; ICESat-1 ; ICESat-2 ; glacier elevation change ; inter-annual and intra-annual changes ; elevation-aspect bin analysis method ; HMA ; Qaidam Basin ; lake expansion ; groundwater contribution ; oxygen and hydrogen isotopes ; climate change ; Ngoring Lake ; saline lake ; lake temperature ; CLM4-LISSS ; salinity parameterizations ; Loess Plateau ; farmland ecosystem ; physiological and ecological factors ; Bowen ratio ; actual evapotranspiration ; complementary relationship ; permafrost ; seasonally frozen ground ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; remote sensing ; afternoon and nighttime precipitation ; source region of three rivers ; typical climatic zones ; precipitation-use efficiency ; net primary productivity ; contribution of environmental factors ; transformation characteristics ; Sichuan Basin ; steep slope ; precipitation ; cloud ; diurnal variation ; ERA-5 reanalysis data ; surface energy ; land–atmospheric interaction ; different underlying surfaces ; land surface snow phenology ; statistical downscaling ; terrain ; climate ; southern Gansu Plateau ; raindrop size distribution (DSD) ; seasonal variation ; maritime-like ; South Asian summer monsoon ; land-atmosphere heat transfer ; inhomogeneity ; Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau ; snow disaster ; risk assessment ; WRF ; glacier ; albedo ; radiation ; optical turbulence ; Asian summer monsoon anticyclone ; upper troposphere-lower stratosphere ; heavy precipitation ; GPM ; dual frequency spaceborne radar ; vertical structure ; microphysical characteristic ; soil thermal diffusivity ; conduction–convection method ; soil temperature ; soil water content ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; air temperature ; Qinghai–Tibet Plateau ; reanalysis dataset ; alpine region ; applicability ; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ; LAI ; LAI trend ; SAR ; retrieval algorithm ; high spatial resolution ; precipitable water vapor ; clear sky ; millimeter telescope ; Ali ; Muztag-Ata ; BTA ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In this Special Issue, our aim was to collect studies on clinical pharmacology and pharmacy of antimicrobial agents from both human and veterinary medicine as the complex problem of AMR requires actions taken within the One Health approach that involve both fields. Studies covered here are about new or optimized usage of already authorized antimicrobials, as well as discoveries about new agents, new combinations of drugs, and drug repositioning. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological aspects of individual and combinational drug use are areas covered in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: antibiotic combination ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; Monte Carlo ; synergistic effect ; antibiotics ; combination therapy ; multi-drug resistant infection ; meta-analysis ; pan-genome ; Campylobacter ureolyticus ; UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase ; LpxC ; campylobacteriosis ; self-medication ; students ; habits ; cystic fibrosis ; P. aeruginosa ; transporters ; Escherichia coli ; suture ; antimicrobial ; pharmacodynamics ; triclosan ; surgical site infection ; time-kill ; contact killing ; translational modelling ; antifungals ; adverse drug reaction (ADR) ; drug-drug interaction (DDI) ; polypharmacy ; multimorbidity ; intensive care patients ; traumatology ; elderly patients ; organ failure ; multi-organ failure ; drug safety ; patient safety ; nonlinear mixed-effects modeling ; glomerular filtration rate ; dosing regimen ; oxacillin ; Monte Carlo simulations ; adsorption ; desorption ; doxycycline ; pH dependence ; small ruminant feed ; heterocyclic compounds ; phenolic compounds ; pyran ; food microbiology ; microbial pathogen ; serum/plasma concentrations ; interstitial concentrations ; tissue concentrations ; pharmacokinetics ; macrolide antibiotics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint presents a collection of twelve scientific articles that delve into the complex relationship between climate change and food security in various regions of the world. The articles examine the impact of climate change on crop production, water resources, and livestock farming, and they explore potential adaptive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on food security. The articles cover a wide range of geographic locations, from Southeastern Poland to Central Ethiopia, Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Afghanistan, and Canada. Each article provides valuable insight into the impact of climate change on food security, including the potential link between drought and wild blueberry production in Maine, the use of geospatial assessments to guide climate adaptation strategies for flood-tolerant rice varieties in India, and the impact of non-conventional agricultural spaces on mitigating the effects of climate change on food security in Quebec, Canada. The authors also explore the impact of climate-smart agriculture interventions on food security and dietary diversity in Myanmar, as well as the determinants of smallholder livestock farmers' household resilience to food insecurity in South Africa. Additionally, the reprint includes a case study on water profitability analysis to improve food security and climate resilience in the Egyptian Nile Delta. Taken together, these articles provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of climate change on food security and highlight the need for innovative solutions to ensure sustainable food systems in the face of climate change.
    Keywords: climate change ; Kunduz River Basin ; trend analysis ; river discharge ; landcover changes ; temperature ; rainfall ; drought ; weather ; livelihood ; agroclimatic variability ; minimum and maximum temperatures ; maize yield ; rainfall patterns ; Setsoto municipality ; Free State province ; crop yield ; adaptation strategies ; water requirement ; WEAP-MABIA model ; agricultural drought ; resilience ; food insecurity ; assets ; adaptive capacity ; social safety net ; local initiatives ; food miles ; ecological transition ; remote sensing ; GIS ; flood tolerant seeds ; Swarna-Sub1 Rice ; climate adaptation ; climate-smart agriculture ; food security ; dietary diversity ; climate-smart villages ; HFIAS ; HDDS ; wild blueberry barrens ; precipitation ; drought index (SPEI) ; drought impact ; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ; enhanced vegetation index (EVI) ; water profitability ; water productivity ; Nile Delta ; water security ; rainfed durum wheat ; AquaCrop ; delta method ; CO2 fertilizing effect ; explorations ; forecasting models ; food access ; late blight ; potato production ; stress ; cultivars temperature yield ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: We summarized China’s water security status and issues based on the papers published in the Special Issue entitled "China Water Forum 2022". Our summaries and the published papers in this Special Issue are compiled into a reprint to help readers understand current research progresses on this topic.
    Keywords: hierarchy of needs ; connotation ; RHI ; indicator system ; systematic solution ; genetic algorithm ; support vector machine ; index system ; water-saving level ; precipitation ; temperature ; production flow component ; Songhua River Basin ; runoff variation ; WEP-N model ; dissolved organic matter ; urban streams ; EEMs–PARAFAC ; water quality ; correlation analysis ; Tarim River Basin ; adaptive utilization capacity of water resources ; harmony theory ; comprehensive co-evolution model ; sedimentary grain size ; dam construction ; paleoenvironmental reconstruction ; Hulun Lake ; urban agglomeration ; green development ; system dynamics ; shared socio-economic pathways ; simulation prediction ; lake area ; water diversion ; ecological water demand (EWD) ; minimum water level ; inland river ; water resource behaviors (WRBs) ; carbon dioxide emission equivalent (CEE) ; equivalent analysis ; carbon dioxide emission equivalent analysis (CEEA) ; function table of carbon dioxide emission equivalent analysis (FT-CEEA) ; groundwater level prediction ; data-driven models ; gated recurrent units ; model performance ; Hebei Plain ; freshwater lens ; small coral island ; numerical simulation ; sustainable exploitation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on quantitatively assessing the impact of climate change on agricultural production based on multi-source model simulation and reveals the role and mechanism of improved management measures in adapting to climate change. Modeling is a key tool for exploring the impacts of climate change on agriculture and proposing adaptation strategies. The insights derived from this reprint will be helpful for relevant decision makers in the areas of agricultural adaptation and food security.
    Keywords: temperature ; evaluation ; CLDAS ; GLDAS ; ERA5-Land ; adaptation ; climate change ; summer maize ; phenology shift ; GCM ; CNRM-CM6 ; PET ; IPCC-AR6 ; SSP scenarios ; solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) ; winter wheat ; yield forecast ; random forest ; enhanced vegetation index (EVI) ; geographic distribution ; suitable habitat ; Rheum nanum ; MaxEnt ; ArcGIS ; range shifts ; climate scenario ; agriculture ; food security ; planting boundary ; crop modelling ; yield ; future climate scenarios ; soybean ; CROPWAT ; reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) ; crop water requirement (ETc) ; irrigation water requirement (Ir) ; crop yield ; cultivated area ; water use ; wheat–corn ; DNDC ; net greenhouse effect ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas production ; k-nearest neighbours ; support vector machine ; middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River ; rice ; heat stress ; nitrous oxide ; soil gas flux ; silicone diffusion cell ; soil gas diffusivity ; passive gas sampling ; soil gas diffusion coefficient ; soil gas flux simulation ; carbon sequestration ; different scenarios ; land use ; sustainable development ; Xinjiang ; ETo ; yield response factor ; irrigation water requirement ; cotton ; GCMs ; CERES-rice model ; rice yield ; light and heat resource utilization ; potential evapotranspiration (ET0) ; Penman–Monteith ; sensitivity analysis ; contribution rate ; optimal irrigation ; sustainable irrigation ; water use efficiency ; North China Plain ; sugarcane ; SPEI ; waterlogging ; growth stage ; climatic yield ; yield prediction ; machine learning ; APSIM model ; climate indices ; range shift ; apple trees ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Since the launch of Seasat, TIROS-N, and Nimbus-7 satellites equipped with ocean observation sensors in 1978, a new era of ocean remote sensing has opened. Today, remotely sensed data have been widely used in oceanographic studies. This reprint collects various advanced ocean remote sensing technologies and their applications, including the use of artificial intelligence techniques to explore ocean information and bibliometric analysis to assess researchers and trends in this scientific field. The observations of various sensors enrich the application of ocean environment monitoring and ocean dynamical analysis. If you are interested in understanding the application of ocean remote sensing, this monograph should be very helpful.
    Keywords: bibliometric analysis ; remote sensing ; oil slicks ; oil detection ; coastal waters of Myanmar ; upwelling ; monsoon ; remote equatorial forcing ; coastal upwelling ; Himawari-8 ; sea surface temperature ; Taiwan ; topographic position index ; upwelling index ; mapping ; satellite remote sensing ; quantitative mapping ; spatial analysis ; the East Australian Current ; New South Wales ; shelf circulation ; seagrass ; Zostera marina L. ; reclamation ; spatial and temporal changes ; mesoscale eddies ; the Indonesian Seas ; sea level anomaly ; nonlinearity ; barotropic instability ; baroclinic instability ; SAR ; CNN ; Sentinel-1 ; ship detection ; geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI) ; GDPS ; SeaDAS ; normalized water-leaving radiance ; atmospheric correction ; fish assemblage ; temperature ; environmental change ; Yellow Sea coastal current ; East China Sea ; lidar ; remote sensing sensors ; backward scattering intensity ; ocean Scheimpflug lidar ; volume scattering function ; Arabian Gulf ; Gulf of Oman ; MODIS ; algal blooms ; chlorophyll-a ; SST ; bathymetry ; semidiurnal internal tides ; the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas ; sea surface height ; plane wave fit method ; energy flux ; Kuroshio intrusion ; Kuroshio Current Loop ; cold-core anticyclonic eddy ; cloud masking ; turbid water ; spectral variability ; total suspended sediment ; chlorophyll-a bloom ; typhoon ; South China Sea ; alongshore current ; marine heatwaves ; sea surface temperatures ; summer 2021 ; northwestern Pacific Ocean ; westerly jet ; North Pacific Subtropical High ; ocean color ; water type taxonomies ; trophic state ; inherent optical properties ; Forel-Ule Scale ; Sargassum ; aerosols ; OLCI ; Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plants ; thermal discharge ; long-term changes ; Landsat ; radiative transfer equation ; split-window algorithm ; power plant installed capacity ; flood tide ; ebb tide ; wind field ; bias correction ; deep learning ; ConvLSTM ; 3D-C BAM ; Kuroshio branch ; salinity ; North Pacific subtropical gyre ; satellite observation ; in situ observation ; Taiwan Strait ; flow pattern ; high-frequency radar ; drifter ; tide ; turbulent mixing ; upper ocean response ; Super Typhoon Goni ; satellite observations ; HYCOM reanalysis results ; internal tides ; spatiotemporal variation ; modal structure ; energy cascade ; machine learning ; ocean subsurface salinity structure ; satellite remote sensing data ; data fusion ; offshore detection ; SAR images ; meteorological data ; AI explanation ; sea ice ; Bayesian algorithm ; CFOSAT ; scatterometer ; internal solitary waves ; turbulence ; Yellow Sea ; wake detection ; radiation sensitivity ; noise equivalent reflectance difference ; three-dimensional eddy reconstruction ; loop current rings ; gulf of Mexico ; gravest empirical modes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 10th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2022. The objective of the 2022 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It comprises 13 papers presented at the conference from several fields, including mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: convolutional neural networks ; fingerprint images ; data augmentation ; fingerprint classification ; malignant and benign masses ; Hu’s moments ; k-nearest neighbor ; radial basis function neural network ; breast ultrasound images ; programmable logic controller ; modbus TCP ; open platform communications ; visual servoing system ; wheeled mobile robot ; industrial robotic manipulator ; complex autonomous system ; autonomous robotic system ; robotic manipulator ; mechatronics line ; Black Sea ; coastal environment ; wind power ; wind turbines ; onshore ; offshore ; JWH synthetic cannabinoids ; artificial neural networks ; optimization algorithms ; flexible manufacturing ; PID ; event-based control ; anthocyanins ; extraction ; antioxidant activity ; red onion skins ; CCD ; technical ; desalination ; marine ; seawater ; operation ; generator ; S235JR carbon steel ; corrosion rate ; sandblasting ; roughness ; optical microscopy ; wind potential ; Romanian coast ; Black Sea area ; weather stations ; marine environment ; amphetamines ; cannabinoids ; opioids ; ATR-FTIR spectra ; PCA ; ICA ; autoencoders ; SVM ; XGB ; random forest ; gradient boosting ; K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) ; antioxidant ; red grape ; citric acid ; ethanol ; temperature ; time ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to present the latest developments in the casting and forming of light alloys. The preparation process and performance enhancement of Al, Mg or their composite materials are mainly studied. Particular attention has been paid to the relationship between process conditions, microstructural features, and mechanical properties.
    Keywords: aluminium casting alloys ; complex structure modification ; titanium ; barium ; titanium dioxide ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; macrostructure ; bifilm ; Al–7 Si–0.3 Mg alloy ; hydrogen ; filtration ; Weibull modulus ; squeeze casting ; novel Al-Si alloy ; wear analysis ; pin on disc wear testing ; Mg–Al bimetal ; vibration ; interface ; bonding strength ; magnesium alloy ; Mg-Zr master alloy ; Zr refiner ; grain refinement ; casting ; aluminum alloy ; twin-roll caster ; molten metals ; cladding ; deformation maps ; Al-Zn-Mg alloys ; Al3Zr dispersoids ; Zn/Mg ratios ; recrystallization ; AlSn20Cu alloy ; semi-continuous casting ; semi-solid die casting ; spray forming ; antifriction alloys ; bearings ; porous composite ; space holder method ; compression property ; energy absorption ; FSLW ; SiCp/ZL101 and ZL101 joint ; temperature ; friction and wear properties ; wear mechanism ; cast aluminum alloys ; modification ; rubidium ; eutectic silicon ; solidification process ; porosity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metallurgy involves the art and science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use. With thousands of years of development, many interdisciplinary technologies have been introduced into this traditional and large-scale industry. In modern metallurgical practices, modelling and simulation are widely used to provide solutions in the areas of design, control, optimization, and visualization, and are becoming increasingly significant in the progress of digital transformation and intelligent metallurgy. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Metallurgical Process Simulation and Optimization”, has been organized as a platform to present the recent advances in the field of modelling and optimization of metallurgical processes, which covers the processes of electric/oxygen steel-making, secondary metallurgy, (continuous) casting, and processing. Eighteen articles have been included that concern various aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: Al–Ag alloys ; Ag clusters ; positron annihilation ; monovacancies ; shallow trapping ; continuous casting ; electromagnetic stirring ; flow behavior ; uniform index of solidified shell ; digital image correlation ; mechanical properties ; stainless steel ; temperature ; thermovision ; uniaxial tensile test ; cryogenic vessel steels ; cerium ; microstructure ; inclusions ; electric arc furnace ; energy efficiency modelling ; process optimization ; mass and energy balances ; blast furnace ; hydrogen injection ; gas utilisation efficiency ; energy consumption ; CO2 emission ; EDA—exploratory data analysis ; rare Earth metal oxides ; wear resistance ; heatmap ; correlation ; electro-gas welding ; high heat input ; heat source movement path ; finite element analysis ; thermal evolution ; fluid-particle flow ; submerged entry nozzle ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; vortex structures ; crystallization ratio ; flux film ; heat transfer ; longitudinal crack ; peritectic steels ; high carbon steel ; cracking con-rod ; C70S6 ; tundish ; flow field ; water modelling ; mathematical simulation ; temperature field ; bloom quality consistency ; PFR lime kiln ; lime calcination ; BFG ; numerical simulation ; PMM ; SCM ; high-temperature confocal microscope ; phase-field simulation ; duplex stainless steel ; cooling rate ; near-α titanium alloy ; TiH2-based powder metallurgy ; hot compression ; strain hardening exponents ; strain rate sensitivity ; processing map ; alumina inclusion ; interfacial tension ; steelmaking ; continuous casting mold ; surfactant ; sulfur ; simulation ; dry vibrating material ; collapsed ladle ; mathematical modeling ; stress field ; strain field ; molecular dynamics simulation ; CaF2 ; melts’ structure ; transport properties ; viscosity ; inclusion ; ZrO2 ; nucleation mechanism ; first principles ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: drug design and discovery ; drug&ndash ; protein interactions ; drug response ; drug solubility ; antimicrobial drugs ; antiviral drugs ; antibiotics ; anticancer drugs ; cancer prevention ; molecular modeling ; molecular mechanisms ; crystallography ; preclinical study ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacognosy ; nuclear receptors ; receptor agonist and antagonist ; activity profiling, markers and diagnostics ; drug carriers ; dosage form ; nanoparticles ; dissolution testing ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Novel Anticancer Strategies reviews important findings and updates within the cancer therapy field, of great interest to those in academic research studying the development and validation of novel anticancer approaches. The Editor invited preeminent specialists to contribute to original and review articles devoted to key areas of major progress and expectations. Key features: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer therapy; Extracellular vesicles for anticancer drug delivery; Peptide-based drug conjugates; Cancer stem cells as a valuable target to eradicate tumor relapse; Spheroids in preclinical model for cancer research; and cancer immunotherapy.
    Keywords: tumor-homing extracellular vesicles ; pH-sensitive extracellular vesicles ; doxorubicin ; tumor therapy ; pancreatic cancer ; targeted tumor therapy ; homing peptide ; antitumor peptide conjugates ; daunomycin ; oxime linkage ; combinatorial immunotherapy ; cytotoxics ; biomarkers ; precision medicine ; immunotherapy ; anti-PD-L1 ; ionizing irradiation ; pharmacokinetics ; tumor-immune interaction ; global sensitivity ; immuno-oncology ; mathematical modeling ; glycol chitosan nanoparticle ; high-intensity focused ultrasound ; deep tumor penetration ; dense ECM ; cancer treatment ; prostate cancer ; gastrin-releasing peptide receptor ; RM26 ; albumin-binding domain ; targeted therapy ; gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) antagonist ; cervical cancer ; tetraarsenic hexoxide ; patient-derived xenograft ; autophagy ; cisplatin ; fenbendazole ; micelle solubilization ; Soluplus® polymeric micelles ; toxicity test ; sonoporation ; microbubbles ; ultrasound ; intracellular signaling ; phosphorylation ; ultrasound contrast agents ; drug delivery ; cellular stress ; tumour microenvironment ; cancer stem cells ; extracellular vesicles ; drug delivery systems ; liposomes ; immunoliposomes ; antisense oligonucleotides ; 3D cultures ; tumor microenvironment ; tumor spheroids ; efficacy analysis ; drug resistance ; cancer therapy ; glioblastoma ; receptor tyrosine kinases ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; small molecule inhibitors ; nanoformulations ; breast cancer ; micelles ; dendrimers ; anticancer drugs ; platinum drug ; methotrexate ; lung metastasis ; liver metastasis ; cancer treatments and progression biomarkers ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; controlled release ; anticancer natural prodrugs ; natural products ; cancer targeting ; nanoformulations/nanomedicine applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue consists of 13 submitted papers. We acknowledge all authors for their contributions. We recognize that interest in the topics is expanding and are confident that the findings are beneficial to our readers.
    Keywords: heat island ; cool roof ; solar reflectance ; self-cleaning ; accelerated aging test ; urban ventilation performance ; local climate zone ; evidence-based analysis ; downtown ventilation performance ; relative mean wind speed ; ecological functional zone ; hourly concentration ; land-use type ; pollutant ; architecture ; assessment ; tool ; indicators ; sustainability ; cities ; building density ; mobile observation ; sea breeze ; urban heat island ; urban ventilation ; river island ; human thermal load ; surface material ; evaporation ; watering ; subjective experiment ; sunshine duration ; solar radiation ; change trend ; urbanization effect ; urban microclimate ; urban fabric ; urban densification ; microclimate simulations ; urban heat island effect ; climate adaption measures ; thermal comfort ; building refurbishment ; building simulation ; extreme precipitation ; temporal change ; CMIP6 ; prediction ; urban resilience ; sponge city ; climate change ; urban sprawl ; urban form ; land use ; physical planning ; urban transportation ; greenhouse gas emission ; energy consumption ; urban street ; temperature ; sky view factor ; cool pavements ; street orientation ; sensible heat release ; carbon dioxide emissions ; detached house ; countermeasure ; building cooling ; periodic thermal transmittance ; roof ; SRI ; thermal inertia ; thermal insulation ; thermal transmittance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Recently, microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have gained particular attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantages, such as miniaturization, versatility, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to replace animal models for drug development and testing, these devices hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the research of more effective treatments for several diseases that threaten human life. With integrated biosensors, these devices allow the development and design of micro- and nanoparticles to be studied in detail, modelling human physiology, investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease formation and progression, and gaining insights into the performance and long-term effects of responsive drug delivery nanocarriers. This Special Issue gathered research papers, and review articles focusing on novel microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedical applications, addressing all steps related to fabrication, biosensor integration and development, characterization, numerical simulations and validation of the devices, optimization and, the translation of these devices from research labs to industry settings.
    Keywords: protein biomarker ; microarray ; microfluidic cassette ; multiplex measurement ; immunoassay ; point-of-care testing ; microfluidic device ; small intestine ; ex vivo ; histology ; embedded resin ; sectioning ; peptide biosensor ; lab-on-a-chip ; label-free detection ; peptide aptamers ; protein biomarkers ; microfluidic biochip ; troponin T ; computational simulations ; drug discovery ; organ-on-a-chip ; microfluidic devices ; preclinical models ; numerical simulations ; automation ; non-enzymatic ; DNA amplification ; L-DNA ; microfluidic ; fluorescence ; paper microfluidics ; sweat ; sensing ; hydrogels ; lactate ; osmotic pumping ; evaporation ; capillary ; wicking ; biochemical assay ; microfluidics ; cell trap ; RBC ; evolutionary algorithm ; generative design ; artificial intelligence ; organ-on-chip ; liver-on-chip ; liver disease ; multi-level microfluidic device ; live cell imaging ; long-term microscopy imaging ; focus drifting ; immersion oil viscosity ; bacterial population dynamics ; single-cell studies ; E. coli ; mother machine ; computational fluid dynamics ; cancer-on-chip ; xenograft ; colorectal cancer ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; drug efficacy ; oxaliplatin ; microfabrication ; microphysiological system ; biophysical stimuli ; biochemical stimuli ; in vitro cell culture ; cortical neurons ; hippocampal neurons ; electrical stimulation ; Micro-Electrode Arrays ; engineered neuronal networks ; polydimethylsiloxane ; microchannels ; in vivo micro bioreactor ; additive manufacturing ; poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate ; biocompatibility ; COVID-19 ; diagnosis ; image analysis ; PCR ; SARS-CoV-2 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Graphene's unique properties of thinness and conductivity have led to global research into its applications as a semiconductor. With the ability to well conduct electricity at room temperature, graphene semiconductors could easily be implemented into the existing semiconductor technologies and, in some cases, successfully compete with the traditional ones, such as silicon. This reprint presents very recent results in the physics of graphene, which can be important for applying the material in electronics.
    Keywords: graphene ; scattering ; dephasing ; relaxation time ; band structure ; tight-binding model ; angle-resolved photoemission ; electron scattering ; augmented plane waves ; nanoscroll ; first-principle ; Klein tunneling ; borophene ; Dirac fermions ; electric field ; valence charge density ; image potential ; image-plane position ; image-potential states ; liquid conductor ; graphene solution ; circulating system ; microfluidic channel ; temperature ; optical power ; CVD graphene ; polycrystalline ; grain size ; single-crystalline grain ; grain boundary (GB) ; GB distribution ; sheet resistance ; transmission-line model measurement ; Bose-Einstein condensation ; superfluidity ; dipolar exitons ; low-dimensional semimetals ; electronic transport in graphene ; quantum hall effect ; ion-selective field-effect transistor ; sodium ions ; real-time monitoring ; mechanochemistry ; graphene nanosheets ; conductive ink ; inkjet printing ; printed electronics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Professor Yingguo Zhu, an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, devoted his whole life (1939–2017) with tremendous enthusiasm to breeding hybrid rice. He studied and worked at Wuhan University for 58 years and contributed to enriching the diversity of hybrid rice, such as Maxie-type and Honglian-type hybrid rice. We are organizing this Special Issue in his honor to remember his great contributions to hybrid rice, especially Honglian-type male sterility. We invite researchers, including his former students, to submit manuscripts focused on male sterility, rice breeding, and, in particular, hybrid rice breeding, functional genomics research, gene mining and utilization, transposons, and the creation of germplasm. In addition, new technology and cutting-edge research studies are also welcome. We believe that this Special Issue will be helpful to the research on rice and the improvement of hybrid rice breeding in the future.
    Keywords: rice ; white-core rate ; fine-mapping ; quantitative RT-PCR ; yield ; and quality ; brown planthopper ; gene mapping ; near isogenic line ; marker-assisted selection ; RNA-Seq ; n/a ; transposon ; rice genome ; centromere ; divergence ; Gaussian distribution ; genome-wide analysis ; gibberellin ; GAox ; rice (Oryza sativa) ; effective panicle numbers ; tiller numbers ; QTL analysis ; heterosis-related loci ; heading date ; Heading date 8 (OsHd8) ; promoter ; natural variation ; temperature ; solar radiation ; sowing date ; growth duration ; lodging resistance ; lodging index ; lodging-related traits ; indica rice ; rice establishment method ; orderly mechanical seedling throwing ; manual seedling throwing ; manual transplanting ; hybrid sterility ; wide compatibility ; leaf-color mutants ; chlorophyll ; ygl9311 ; OsChlC1 ; Mg-chelatase ; OsChlI subunit ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBD Medical profession::MBDC Medical ethics & professional conduct
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Graphene's unique properties of thinness and conductivity have led to global research into its applications as a semiconductor. With the ability to well conduct electricity at room temperature, graphene semiconductors could easily be implemented into the existing semiconductor technologies and, in some cases, successfully compete with the traditional ones, such as silicon. This reprint presents very recent results in the physics of graphene, which can be important for applying the material in electronics.
    Keywords: graphene ; scattering ; dephasing ; relaxation time ; band structure ; tight-binding model ; angle-resolved photoemission ; electron scattering ; augmented plane waves ; nanoscroll ; first-principle ; Klein tunneling ; borophene ; Dirac fermions ; electric field ; valence charge density ; image potential ; image-plane position ; image-potential states ; liquid conductor ; graphene solution ; circulating system ; microfluidic channel ; temperature ; optical power ; CVD graphene ; polycrystalline ; grain size ; single-crystalline grain ; grain boundary (GB) ; GB distribution ; sheet resistance ; transmission-line model measurement ; Bose-Einstein condensation ; superfluidity ; dipolar exitons ; low-dimensional semimetals ; electronic transport in graphene ; quantum hall effect ; ion-selective field-effect transistor ; sodium ions ; real-time monitoring ; mechanochemistry ; graphene nanosheets ; conductive ink ; inkjet printing ; printed electronics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: “Mechanical Research of Reinforced Concrete Materials” describes the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete materials. The topics include theoretical, experimental and numerical studies, to evaluate the general deformation response, damage evolution and failure patterns of ordinary and high-performance reinforced concrete materials under various loading conditions (e.g., quasi-static, dynamic, fatigue, and impact).
    Keywords: ultra-early-strength concrete ; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) ; impact mechanics ; dynamic response ; strain rate effect ; reinforced concrete slab ; blast loading ; residual load-bearing capacity ; blast resistance ; spherical waves ; wave propagation method ; particle velocity histories ; linear constitutive relation of concrete ; rate-dependent ; coral aggregate concrete ; superfine cement ; aggregate modification ; physical property ; mechanical property ; concrete workability ; iron tailings ; RC column ; large eccentric ; short-term load ; bearing capacity ; ductility ; polyvinyl alcohol fiber ; bond degradation ; corrosive damage ; experimental study ; concrete ; penetration ; melting and cutting erosion ; temperature ; heat conduction ; coupling numerical calculation ; inhomogeneous concrete ; SH wave ; circular pipeline ; complex function method ; dynamic stress concentration factor ; reinforced concrete slabs ; reinforcement distribution ; blast distance ; anti-blast performance ; model tests ; coral sand ; strain rate ; moisture content ; relative density ; volumetric compressive ; blast simulator ; impact loading ; parameter studies ; ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) ; dynamic impact ; static triaxial constraint ; failure criterion ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains 14 articles published in the Special Issue, “Use of Modern Materials in Technological Processes Accompanied by Frictional Heating". These articles can be divided into five groups:1) Analytical modeling of the frictional heating process in systems made of homogeneous and functionally gradient materials (FGMs) [1–7];2) Numerical simulations of the temperature mode of railway brake systems [8, 9];3) Experimental studies and numerical simulations of the influence of various types of additives added to the friction material in the wet clutch disc [10, 11];4) Inverse thermal problems of friction [12];5) The influence of friction on the stress distribution in a composite containing thin elastic homogeneous inclusions, or that made of FGM [13, 14].
    Keywords: temperature ; railway tread brake ; 1xBg brake configuration ; long-term braking ; finite element method ; repetitive short-term braking ; frictional heating ; thermal sensitivity of materials ; friction coefficient ; tribo-couple ; cylindrical layers ; unknown thermal loading ; inverse thermoelasticity problem ; Volterra integral equation ; stable algorithm ; functionally gradient materials ; composite ; ceramic ; ribbon-like reinforcement ; thin inclusion ; bimaterial ; nonperfect contact ; friction ; jump functions ; functionally graded materials ; braking ; railway disc brake ; moving heat source ; friction material ; clutch ; numerical model ; thermal sensitivity ; heat partition ratio ; finite element analysis ; functionally graded material ; composites ; crack ; stress intensity factor ; repetitive short-term braking operation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Plants grown and exposed to Mediterranean climatic conditions are a source of information of a natural heritage. Mediterranean plants have been presented as vehicles for expressing historical knowledge and environmental attributes; scientific reports have given us important insights into plant growth, structure, and function. With the current environmental and social threats, mainly posed by expanding touristic and anthropogenic activities, the importance of Mediterranean plants will once again be appreciated. In this book, the function, structure, diversity, biogeography, conservation, seasonality, and interactions of Mediterranean plants with the abiotic and biotic environment are highlighted.
    Keywords: Helichrysum italicum ; biological activity ; internal use ; clinical studies ; hualo ; Mediterranean plants ; seeds ; remote sensing ; MODIS ; enhanced vegetation index ; temperature ; precipitation ; rain days ; inter-annual variability ; time-series ; machine learning ; climate change ; Mediterranean ; nursery production ; water imbibition ; Mediterranean climate ; elongation ; allelochemicals ; specific activity ; phytotoxicity ; aridity index ; effective number of species ; Shannon entropy ; richness ; Gini–Simpson ; water potential ; stomatal conductance ; transpiration ; leaf hydraulic conductance ; drought ; Cyclamen graecum ; geophyte ; phenology ; seasonality ; neglected and underutilized plants ; phytogenetic resources ; DNA barcoding ; forest berries ; protocols ; nutraceutical potential ; genotype selection ; multifaceted evaluation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: It has been known that cellular glutathione content and its speciation play a role, among others, in redox homeostasis, cell cycle control, immunological defense, and pathological abnormalities. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in the biotransformation of drugs and other endogenous or exogenous electrophilic species. Most of these cellular functions are related to the thiol function of the cysteine moiety.This reprint presents the publications that appeared in the Special Issue of Molecules, “Glutathione: Chemistry and Biochemistry.” The first three contributions review the present-day knowledge of the GSH/GSSG system and the most important GSH-related proteins involved in regulating various cellular events. The subsequent four contributions present selected interventions that modulate the GSSG/2GSH system. One of the contributions to this session describes a new HPLC method to quantify the reduced and oxidized glutathione levels. The third session involves three contributions demonstrating the role of GSH in the metabolism of different candidate and clinically used anticancer drugs. One of the contributions, a theoretical work, provides helpful information for developing GSH analogs with high ACE inhibitor activity.By purpose and content, this Special Issue is addressed to the vast number of life science researchers (academic and industrial) and medical professionals who are interested in or already engaged in research that involves glutathione.
    Keywords: cyclophosphamide ; autoimmune diseases ; glutathione ; glutathione-S-transferase ; polymorphism ; glutaredoxin ; iron-sulfur cluster ; iron ; S-glutathionylation ; S-nitrosylation ; GSH ; nitrosoglutathione ; redox-regulation ; polymerized whey protein ; physicochemical properties ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; chalcone ; cysteine ; thiols ; Michael addition ; diastereoselective addition ; reactive oxygen species ; oxidative stress ; nanotoxicity ; cell injury ; fluorescence probes ; brain ; liquid chromatography ; diode array detector ; anticancer drugs ; mechanisms of glutathione conjugation reaction ; detoxification ; bioactivation ; sulodexide ; endothelial cells ; ischemia ; apoptosis ; GSSG ; GCLc ; GSS ; redox potential ; supramolecular arrangement ; M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) ; DFT ; molecular docking ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; cell ; redox homeostasis ; glutathionylation ; glutathione system ; glutathione enzyme ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles ; silica coating ; magnetic hyperthermia ; cancer cells ; alamar blue ; neutral red ; A549 ; A35 ; BJ ; ultrasmall magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; inflammatory pain ; analgesia ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; neurotoxicity ; long-term potentiation ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles ; cancer theranostics ; MRI-contrast agents ; pulsed laser ablation in liquids ; multimodal imaging ; MRI ; CT ; photothermal therapy ; iron-gold nanoparticles ; pharmacokinetics ; magnetic targeting ; micro-systems ; nano-systems ; drug delivery ; nanoparticles ; microparticles ; targeted delivery ; magnetic guidance ; theranostics ; imaging ; AC biosuceptometry ; cirrhosis-associated rat hepatocarcinogenesis ; nanotechnology ; magnetoresponsive nanocomposite ; functional coating ; particle targeting ; particle aggregation ; stent targeting ; nanomedicine ; MRI technology ; patient-centred healthcare ; iron oxide nanoparticles ; paramagnetic salinomycin complexes ; bacterial ghosts ; gadolinium ; manganese ; lectin ; PLGA ; ConA ; magnetic polymer nanoparticles ; MPQ ; allografts ; photodynamic therapy ; IR775 ; image-guided therapy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).
    Keywords: Electron Beam Irradiation ; rice ; moisture ; physicochemical properties ; rabbiteye blueberry ; postharvest storage ; firmness ; aroma compounds ; off-odor ; dry-fermented sausages ; near infrared spectroscopy ; portable device ; PLS-DA ; Scomber colias ; prior chilling ; Fucus spiralis ; packaging medium ; canning ; lipid damage ; colour ; trimethylamine ; quality ; carob kibbles ; carob juice ; aqueous extraction ; sugars ; phenolics ; free amino acids ; biogenic amines ; filling medium ; European eels ; stracciatella cheese ; volatile organic compounds ; sensory characteristics ; natural preservatives ; cheese storage ; pineapple by-products ; hydrostatic pressure ; bromelain ; enzyme activity ; marinade ; meat ; texture ; water status and distribution ; microstructure ; secondary structure of protein ; Atlantic mackerel ; saffron quality ; secondary metabolites ; drying ; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) ; spectrophotometry ; canned eels ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; oxidation ; antioxidants ; total phenols ; vitamin E ; fresh wet noodles ; humidity-controlled dehydration ; microorganisms ; shelf-life ; noodle quality ; “Rocha” pear ; ultrasound ; microwave ; quality characteristics ; empirical models ; beetroot ; organic farming ; storage ; bioactive compounds ; betalain ; nitrate ; sugar ; phenolic compounds ; total dry matter ; chicken meat ; sensory evaluation ; superheated steam ; marination ; hot smoking ; storage effect ; extra virgin olive oil ; phenols ; sterols ; tocopherols ; temperature ; argon ; freeze-thaw cycles ; anthocyanins ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; aroma profiles ; hot-air drying ; blueberry ; cooking methods ; fish meat snacks ; LF-NMR ; SEM ; protein oxidation ; expressible moisture ; gel ; gum ; heat penetration ; thermally processed ; wet pet food ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to exploit data has been found in a wide variety of applications. This reprint book only presents a small glimpse of it. Many other important applications using HSI which have emerged in data exploitation are not covered in this reprint book. For example, such applications may include water pollution and toxic waste in environmental monitoring, pesticide residual detection in food safety and inspection, plant and crop disease detection in agriculture, tumor detection and breast cancer detection in medical imaging, drug traffic in law enforcement, etc. Nevertheless, this reprint book provides many techniques which may find their ways in these applications as well.
    Keywords: hyperspectral image few-shot classification ; deep learning ; meta-learning ; relation network ; convolutional neural network ; constrained-target optimal index factor band selection (CTOIFBS) ; hyperspectral image ; underwater spectral imaging system ; underwater hyperspectral target detection ; band selection (BS) ; constrained energy minimization (CEM) ; lightweight convolutional neural networks ; hyperspectral imagery classification ; transfer learning ; air temperature ; spatial measurement ; FTIR ; MWIR ; carbon dioxide absorption ; target detection ; coffee beans ; insect damage ; hyperspectral imaging ; band selection ; visualization ; color formation models ; multispectral image ; image fusion ; joint tensor decomposition ; anomaly detection ; constrained sparse representation ; hyperspectral imagery ; moving target detection ; spatio-temporal processing ; hyperspectral remote sensing ; image classification ; constraint representation ; superpixel segmentation ; multiscale decision fusion ; plug-and-play ; denoising ; nonlinear unmixing ; spectral reconstruction ; residual augmented attentional u-shape network ; spatial augmented attention ; channel augmented attention ; boundary-aware constraint ; atmospheric transmittance ; temperature ; emissivity ; separation ; midwave infrared ; hyperspectral images ; hyperspectral image super-resolution ; data fusion ; spectral-spatial residual network ; self-supervised training ; hyperspectral ; vegetation ; generative adversarial network ; data augmentation ; classification ; rice leaf blast ; hyperspectral imaging data ; deep convolutional neural networks ; fused features ; evolutionary computation ; heuristic algorithms ; machine learning ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ; vegetation mapping ; upland swamps ; mine environment ; rice ; rice leaf folder ; hyperspectral image classification ; change detection ; self-supervised learning ; attention mechanism ; multi-source image fusion ; SFIM ; least square estimation ; spatial filter ; hyperspectral imaging (HSI) ; hyperspectral target detection ; hyperspectral reconstruction ; hyperspectral unmixing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Various types of metallic and composite structures are used in modern engineering practice. For aerospace, car industry, and civil engineering applications, the most important are thin-walled structures made of di erent types of metallic alloys, brous composites, laminates, and multifunctional materials with a more complicated geometry of reinforcement including nanoparticles or nano bres. The current applications in modern engineering require analysis of structures of various properties, shapes, and sizes (e.g., aircraft wings) including structural hybrid joints, subjected to di erent types of loadings, including quasi-static, dynamic, cyclic, thermal, impact, penetration, etc.The advanced metallic and composite structures should satisfy multiple structural functions during operating conditions. Structural functions include mechanical properties such as strength, sti ness, damage resistance, fracture toughness, and damping. Non-structural functions include electrical and thermal conductivities, sensing, actuation, energy harvesting, self-healing capability, electromagnetic shielding, etc.The aim of this SI is to understand the basic principles of damage growth and fracture processes in advanced metallic and composite structures that also include structural joints. Presently, it is widely recognized that important macroscopic properties, such as macroscopic sti ness and strength, are governed by processes that occur at one to several scales below the level of observation. A thorough understanding of how these processes influence the reduction of sti ffness and strength forms the key to the design of improved innovative structural elements and the analysis of existing ones.
    Keywords: steel–concrete composite bridge ; I-shaped beam ; concrete creep ; temperature ; prediction ; experiment ; through-beam joint ; concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns ; reinforced concrete (RC) ; axial compressive behaviour ; steel mesh ; local compression ; confined concrete ; height factor ; curved steel–concrete composite box beam ; two-node finite beam element with 26 DOFs ; long-term behavior ; age-adjusted effective modulus method ; C-section ; TH-section ; distortional mode ; medium length ; interactive buckling ; compression ; Koiter’s theory ; FEM ; dynamic pulse buckling ; composite stanchion ; FE analysis ; nonlinear analysis ; crashworthiness ; modulus of elasticity ; pine wood ; wood defects ; knots ; laboratory tests ; beams ; glued laminated timber ; ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) ; minicomposite ; tensile ; damage ; fracture ; timber ; natural composite ; Kolsky method ; deformation diagrams ; wood species ; energy absorption ; wood model ; verification ; nonlinear stability ; square plate ; shear forces ; components of transverse forces in bending ; membrane components of transverse forces ; 4 methods (CPT, FSDT, S-FSDT, FEM) ; connection ; test ; bolt ; steel plate ; moisture content ; failure ; AlCrN ; arc current ; structure ; hardness ; adhesion ; wear ; turbine jet engine ; material tests ; ember-resistant alloys ; wood ; cohesive law ; digital image correlation ; fracture mechanics ; mixed mode I+II loading ; dual adhesive ; single lap joints ; numerical modeling ; artificial neural networks ; sandwich panels with corrugated channel core ; 3D-printed sandwich ; bending response ; mechanism maps ; geometrical optimization ; dislocation–boundary interaction ; dislocation–interface interaction ; deformation twin-boundary interaction ; size effect ; boundary structure ; boundary strengthening ; characterization techniques ; adhesive joint ; adhesive bond strength ; adhesive layer thickness ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be broadly divided into several regions: the stomach, the small intestine (which is subdivided to duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and the colon. The conditions and environment in each of these segments, and even within the segment, are dependent on many factors, e.g., the surrounding pH, fluid composition, transporters expression, metabolic enzymes activity, tight junction resistance, different morphology along the GIT, variable intestinal mucosal cell differentiation, changes in drug concentration (in cases of carrier-mediated transport), thickness and types of mucus, and resident microflora. Each of these variables, alone or in combination with others, can fundamentally alter the solubility/dissolution, the intestinal permeability, and the overall absorption of various drugs. This is the underlying mechanistic basis of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption, which has led to many attempts to deliver drugs to specific regions throughout the GIT, aiming to optimize drug absorption, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and/or pharmacodynamics. In the book "Regional Intestinal Drug Absorption: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Formulation" we aim to highlight the current progress and to provide an overview of the latest developments in the field of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption and delivery, as well as pointing out the unmet needs of the field.
    Keywords: bioequivalence ; Biopharmaceutics Classification System ; in vitro ; dissolution test ; pravastatin ; oral absorption ; in silico modeling ; GastroPlus ; Phoenix WinNonlin ; pharmacokinetics ; clinical studies ; ibuprofen ; manometry ; gastrointestinal ; mechanistic modeling ; PBPK ; PBBM ; disintegration ; dissolution ; enteric-coated ; ICH ; quality control ; regional intestinal permeability ; permeation enhancers ; absorption-modifying excipients ; oral peptide delivery ; intestinal perfusion ; pharmaceutical development ; controlled release drug product ; biopharmaceutics classification system ; drug solubility ; drug permeability ; location-dependent absorption ; segregated flow intestinal model (SFM) ; traditional model (TM) ; route-dependent intestinal metabolism ; first-pass effect ; drug-drug interactions ; DDI ; in vitro in vivo extrapolations ; IVIVE ; zero-order absorption ; first-order absorption ; combined zero- and first-order absorption ; transit compartment absorption model ; in situ perfusion ; microdevices ; shape ; mucoadhesion ; colon absorption ; nutrient digestion ; nutrient absorption ; gastrointestinal hormone ; postprandial glycaemia ; energy intake ; region of the gut ; obesity ; type 2 diabetes ; Franz–PAMPA ; BCS drugs ; biomimetic membrane ; Franz cell ; passive drug transport ; BCS class IV drugs ; segmental-dependent intestinal permeability ; intestinal absorption ; oral drug delivery ; biopharmaceutics ; physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling ; furosemide ; intestinal permeability ; human colon carcinoma cell layer (Caco-2) ; hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) ; drug absorption ; drug solubility/dissolution ; regional/segmental-dependent permeability and absorption ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Dear Colleagues,All types of biomass, and their waste, comprised one the pillars of the preindustrial,pre-fossil fuel, agriculture-based economies of the past. Traditionalpractices of biomass waste management were applied, but not necessarily in asophisticated and efficient way, and included everything from agricultural activitiesto food production, animal feed, natural fiber separation, and processingof forest wood. The modern bioeconomy sector, however, includes new circulareconomy energy and materials streams of added-value products, such asgaseous, liquid and solid biofuels and bioenergy generation routes, and biocharproduction, along with all the previously mentioned traditional products emergingfrom the bioeconomy.This Special Issue includes some of the latest bioenergy and biochar advancementsand their incorporation into a bioeconomy in transition. It focuses onnature, properties, upgrading, and bioenergy generation processes from all typesof biomass waste and biochars originating from biomass waste. The multidisciplinarityof bioenergy and biochar research is evident throughout the SpecialIssue, highlighting the highly variable and tunable processes involved inbiomass handling, pre-processing, converting to biochar, and recovering energy.Dr. Dimitrios KalderisGuest EditorDr. Vasiliki Skoulouco-Guest Editor
    Keywords: ethanol ; lignocellulosic biomass ; life cycle assessment ; GHG emissions ; political incentives ; economic performance ; amino acid wastes ; biofuels ; microbial lipids ; Rhodosporidium toruloides ; two-stage culture ; fixed bed ; pyrolysis yield ; temperature ; coconut shell ; characterization ; SEM ; Mitigation of CO2-equiv. ; nutrient release ; rice paddy water and soil system ; slow-release fertilizer ; coconut wastes ; bioenergy resource ; pollutant emissions ; calorific value ; biocharing ; microalgae ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; respirometric reactors ; APSIM sugarcane model ; energy potential ; marginal land ; sensitivity analysis ; hydrochar ; hydrothermal carbonization ; CiteSpace ; scientometric analysis ; artificial neural network ; fly ash ; biomass combustion ; fluidized bed boilers ; acute phytotoxicity test ; mineral fertilizer ; BCR sequential extraction ; metal speciation ; starch ; biochar ; coffee waste ; polycaprolactone ; bioplastics ; biodegradation ; fermentable sugar ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book is a compendium of scientific articles submitted to a Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, fostered by MDPI and curated by Dr. Annamaria Sandomenico and Dr. Menotti Ruvo from the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of the National Research Council. All articles underwent a rigorous peer review and were selected to highlight the properties that make monoclonal antibodies and their functional fragments some of the most useful and versatile assets in therapy and diagnosis.
    Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus ; nucleocapsid ; monoclonal antibodies ; neurodegenerative disorders ; affibody molecules ; blood–brain barrier ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; AL amyloidosis ; CD38 ; anti-CD38 MoAb ; Daratumumab ; Isatuximab ; myeloma ; BCMA ; bispecific T-cell engager ; antibody-drug conjugates ; chimeric antigen receptor T-cells ; belantamab mafodotin ; idecabtagene vicleucel ; JNJ-68284528 ; Mabs ; Antibody-Drug Conjugate ; cancer therapy ; drug targeting ; payload ; cross-linking ; antibody fragment ; Fab ; scFv ; E. coli ; YKL-40 ; CHI3L1 ; monoclonal antibody ; phage display ; lung metastasis ; prostate-specific membrane antigen ; in vivo imaging ; prostate cancer ; glutamate carboxypeptidase II ; NAALADase ; immunization ; antibody ; protocol ; guinea pig ; cDNA ; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) ; universal CAR T ; modular CAR T ; universal immune receptor ; CAR adaptor ; adoptive immunotherapy ; split CAR ; bispecific ; polyspecificity ; pharmacokinetics ; solubility ; aggregation ; viscosity ; developability ; stability ; affinity ; specificity ; protein engineering ; self-association ; non-specific binding ; immunogenicity ; antibody fragments ; single chain ; amyloid ; oligomer ; neurotoxicity ; NUsc1 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The advancements in research related to heat transfer has gathered much attention in recent decades following the quest for efficient thermal systems, interdisciplinary studies involving heat transfer, and energy research. Heat transfer, a fundamental transport phenomenon, has been considered one of the critical aspects for the development and advancement of many modern applications, including cooling, thermal systems which contain symmetry analysis, energy conservation and storage, and symmetry-preserving discretization of heat transfer in a complex turbulent flow. The objective of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies.
    Keywords: heat generation ; internal short ; lithium-ion ; nail penetration ; temperature ; thermal abuse ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system ; artificial neural network ; current ; power ; thermal efficiency ; thermoelectric generator system ; waste heat recovery ; efficiency ; power generation ; thermal stress ; thermoelectric module ; cooling and heating mode ; heat pump ; high-pressure chiller ; light-duty commercial electric vehicle ; system performance ; truncated twisted tape ; secondary flow ; laminar convective heat transfer ; performance evaluation criterion ; CFD ; heat exchanger ; cooling ; Lorentz force ; magnetohydrodynamics ; microchannel ; MHD pump ; thermoelectric system ; real-time polymerase chain reaction ; battery ; heating performance ; HVAC ; parallel ; serial ; economic ; energy saving ; hot water ; internal combustion engine ; waste heat ; heat transfer characteristics ; hybrid nanofluid ; performance evaluation criteria ; single particle nanofluid ; uniformly heated tube ; Bejan number ; microplate heat exchanger ; particle shape ; performance index ; thermodynamic analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront.
    Keywords: outdoor space ; thermal environment ; radiation environment ; wind environment ; heat-related mortality ; built environment ; urban resilience ; extreme heat ; climate change ; urban heat island ; heat stress from outside ; indoor environments ; tropics ; multi-level office buildings ; coastal cities ; Mediterranean climate ; urban heat island intensity ; sample year ; climate change adaptation ; barriers ; focus group discussion ; Tehran ; structural equation modeling ; urban management ; near-zero energy buildings ; future scenarios ; energy efficiency ; adaptive comfort ; long-term performance ; urban heat ; Australia ; UHI effect ; mitigation ; bushfire smoke ; indoor air quality ; filtration ; building envelope ; energy ; future weather data ; building energy performance ; thermal comfort ; statistical downscaling of climate models ; dynamical downscaling of climate models ; urban modelling ; cities ; buildings ; decarbonization ; urbanisation ; climate ; densification ; population ; temperature ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume contains a series of papers prepared for presentation at the 14th International Coral Reef Symposium, originally planned for July 2020 in Bremen, Germany, but postponed until 2021 (online) and 2022 (in person) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It contains a series of papers illustrating the breadth of modern studies on coral reefs and the response of the reef science community to the threats that coral reefs now face, above all from climate change. The first group of papers focus on the biology of a selection of reef organisms, ranging from sea fans to coral dwelling crabs. The next group describe studies of coral communities and ecological interactions in regions as diverse as Florida, Kenya, Colombia, and Norway. Further papers describe investigations into the effects of global warming (in the Maldives and in Timor-Leste) and of other impacts (UV blockers, ocean acidification). The final two papers describe the latest applications of satellite and camera technology to the challenge of mapping and monitoring reefs.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; cox1 ; H3 ; crustacea ; molecular systematics ; morphotypes ; Cassiopea xamachana ; C. frondosa ; Scyphozoan ; planulae ; settlement ; metamorphosis ; oxybenzone ; Gnathiidae ; Isopoda ; climate change ; ocean warming ; coral bleaching ; Great Barrier Reef ; Coral Triangle ; marine biomineralization ; inorganic mineralization ; ocean acidification (OA) ; omega ; dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) ; extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) ; Maldives ; Indian Ocean ; El Niño ; mass coral bleaching ; coral mortality ; benthic cover ; satellite ; superspectral ; VHR ; topobathymetry ; LULC ; SUSC ; Moorea Island ; long-term mortality series ; population dynamics ; mass mortality ; octocorals ; habitat forming species ; extinction ; survival ; equilibrium points ; symbiodiniaceae ; zoantharians ; Trinidad coral reefs ; zooxanthellate ; biogeography ; Jaffna Peninsula ; coral mortality index ; DNA barcoding ; phylogeny ; biodiversity ; conservation ; ocean acidification ; carbonate chemistry dynamics ; biogeochemical dynamics ; in situ monitoring ; natural variability of environmental conditions ; Lophelia pertusa ; structural complexity ; coral reef ; Caribbean ; overfishing ; parrotfish ; Seaflower Biosphere Reserve ; reef ecology ; reef fish ; structure associations ; artificial structures ; symbiotic algae ; dinoflagellates ; Madagascar ; symbiosis ; coral reef ecosystem ; coral reef resilience ; global warming ; indicator species ; coral reef monitoring ; reef health ; review ; hyperspectral imaging ; marine optics ; ENSO ; temperature ; stable isotope ; coral disease ; coral health ; nutrients ; Indonesian ThroughFlow ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Derivatization is one of the most widely used sample pretreatment techniques in Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Analysis. Reagent-based or reagent-less schemes offer improved detectability of target compounds, modification of the chromatographic properties and/or the stabilization of sensitive compounds until analysis. Either coupled with separation techniques or as a “stand alone” analytical procedure, derivatization offers endless possibilities in all aspects of analytical applications.
    Keywords: tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; chloranilic acid ; charge-transfer reaction ; 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay ; high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis ; biogenic amines ; Lycium barbarum L. ; HPLC ; derivatization ; amino acids ; esterification ; GC–MS ; pentafluoropropionic anhydride ; stability ; toluene ; pigment ; linseed oil ; derivatisation ; quantification ; P/S ratio ; A/P ratio ; ∑D ; GC-MS ; ureide ; BSTFA ; creatine ; creatinine ; silylation ; TMS ; validation ; low-molecular-weight thiols ; human serum albumin ; α-lipoic acid ; blood plasma ; monobromobimane ; reduction ; sodium borohydride ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; fluorescence detection ; taurine ; glutamine ; clams ; high-resolution mass spectrometry ; nerve agents ; methylation ; chemical warfare agents ; sarin ; Novichoks ; 2-naphthalenethiol ; sulforaphane ; HPLC-UV/Vis ; pharmacokinetics ; acetonitrile-related adducts ; acetylenic lipids ; double and triple bond localization ; in-source derivatization ; mass spectrometry ; acetazolamide ; carbonic anhydrase ; enhancement ; inhibition ; pentafluorobenzyl bromide ; chiral metabolomics ; rice water ; d-amino acids ; enantiomer separation ; dimethyl labeling ; homocysteine thiolactone ; homocysteine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; fluorosurfactant-modified gold nanoparticles ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.
    Keywords: aquaporin ; forward osmosis (FO) ; membrane ; scaling ; calcium ; post-treatment ; nanofiltration ; calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging ; water purification ; desalination ; ultrafiltration ; membrane fouling ; fouling model ; surface water ; coagulation ; backwash ; polyamide membrane ; carbon nitride ; seawater desalination ; mixed matrix membranes ; thin film composite ; diffusion dialysis ; anion exchange membrane ; acid recovery ; paper mill treated effluent ; optimization ; fouling ; DoE ; Taguchi method ; fouling development model ; filtration law ; pore blocking ; multiple linear regression ; statistical test ; WWTP ; renovation and upgrading ; ultrafiltration membrane ; net present value ; biofouling ; polyethersulfone ; chlorine ; membrane modification ; low-fouling surface ; anaerobic membrane bioreactor ; temperature ; membrane fouling behavior ; sludge flocs characteristics ; soluble microbial product ; extracellular polymeric substance ; DSPM model ; heavy metals ; total volume membrane charge density ; ceramic membrane ; membrane surface modification ; antifouling ; hydrophilicity ; mussel-inspired ; protein ; sulfonic cation-exchange membrane ; hydration number ; pulsed field gradient NMR ; diffusion coefficient ; ionic conductivity ; membrane module modeling ; calcium sulfate precipitation risk ; ionic rejection coefficients ; quorum sensing ; acyl homoserine lactone ; olive mill wastewater ; membrane separation process ; microfiltration ; reverse osmosis ; water recovery ; chitosan ; water content ; water permeability ; alkali treatment ; characterization ; dyes ; molecular structure ; physico-chemical properties ; filter water bag ; Dioscorea hispida ; starch ; forward osmosis membrane ; glutaraldehyde ; emergency ; cobalt(II) ; supported liquid membranes ; ultrasound ; D2EHPA ; counter-transport ; transport parameters ; modeling ; thiocyanate ; wastewater treatment ; process design ; antibiotics ; antibiotic resistance genes ; viral genomes ; wastewater effluents ; occurrence ; pilot-scale treatment ; selective separation ; ion-exchange resin ; wafer-enhanced electrodeionization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems and the water they hold have attracted people over the centuries. With the technological development and increasing needs of human society, the attitude to water and aquatic ecosystems has changed. Consequently, biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems has declined dramatically and it is still decreasing. Anthropogenic exploitation of these ecosystems and alterations of their hydrology has largely influenced hydrology-shaped plant communities. This Special Issue, “Hydrology-Shaped Plant Communities: Diversity and Ecological Function” brings new outcomes about the interactions between hydrological factors and wide spectrum of plant communities. In ecosystems, where human activities directly or indirectly affected the hydrological factors, dependent plant communities have also changed or even disappeared. These plant communities have multiple ecological functions, and one of the most important are the maintenance of water quality and enhancement of local and regional diversity of other biotic communities like diatoms, invertebrates or fish. Thus, detailed knowledge and suitable management of hydrology-shaped plant communities is a prerequisite for their unconstrained ecological functions and high diversity of aquatic ecosystems in the widest sense. The Special Issue consists of ten peer-reviewed papers on plant communities in a variety of ecosystems - from the small kettle-holes in the lowlands of northern Germany to the river Danube - the largest river within the European Union, and from different wetland types in Central Europe to the Donggting Lake – fourth largest lake in China.
    Keywords: spatial-temporal dynamics ; aquatic vegetation ; water level fluctuation ; Longgan lake ; Google Earth Engine ; Phragmites australis ; water level fluctuations ; temperature ; morphometric parameters ; biomass allocation ; oospores ; gyrogonites ; Baltic Sea ; wave exposure ; charophyte stands ; seafloor topography ; salinity gradient ; plant communities ; habitat ; meadow ; Pannonian Plain ; Trifolion pallidi ; vegetation ; carbon stocks ; hardwood floodplain forest ; hydrological conditions ; floodplain ecology ; ponds ; small wetlands ; macrophytes ; changes in the water surface ; hydrological variability ; succession ; climate change ; unmanned aerial system ; Danube ; large river ; neophytes ; distribution ; growth forms ; rivers ; streams ; Slovenia ; chromosome number ; climatic niche ; distribution trends ; ecological niche ; fishpond habitats ; genome size ; genetic diversity ; Isoëto-Nanojuncetea ; soil seed bank ; species diversity ; automatic sensor system ; Central Europe ; fish farming ; freshwater algae ; epiphytic diatoms ; functional species groups ; threatened species ; vascular plants ; wave action ; wetland vegetation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; docosahexaenoic acid ; histology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; physiology ; temperature ; underwater video ; ichthyofauna ; seagrass bed ; macroalgae soft substrate ; perireefal ; synbiotic ; acidifier ; organic salt ; humoral immune response ; antioxidant enzymes ; digestive enzymes ; disease resistance ; fishing importance ; FAO ; IUCN Red List ; RAM Legacy ; overfishing ; sustainability ; aquaculture feeds ; plant byproducts ; enzymatic pretreatment ; skeletal development ; ossification ; morphological alterations ; bullhead ; black bullhead ; ameiurus ; Ameiurus melas ; life history ; growth ; reproductive potential ; fecundity ; maturity ; sex ratio ; conservation planning ; dispersal ; genetic markers ; mating system ; parentage analysis ; visual tags ; aquaculture ; ghrelin ; gilthead sea bream ; growth hormone secretagogue ; feed intake ; metabolism ; welfare ; alternative ingredients ; gut digesta ; gut histomorphology ; gut mucosa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book presents a collection of 13 original research articles that focus on the science of light–matter interaction. This area of science has been led to some the greatest accomplishments of the past 100 years, with the discovery of materials that perform useful operations by collecting light or generating light from an outside stimulus. These materials are at the center of a multitude of technologies that have permeated our daily life; every day we rely on quantum well lasers for telecommunication, organic light emitting diodes for our displays, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors for our camera detectors, and of course a plethora of new photovoltaic cells that harvest sunlight to satisfy our energy needs. In this book, top-rated researchers present their latest findings in the field of nano-particles, plasmonics, semi-conductors, magneto-optics, and holography.
    Keywords: faraday rotator material ; optical isolator ; transparent ceramics ; photopolymerizable ; thiol-ene network ; scratch-healing ; transparent ; dyeing ; unsaturated polyester resin ; azobenzene ; hologram ; aqueous dispersion ; plasmonic nanoparticles ; nonlinear acousto-optics ; nanofluids ; ultrasonic sensors ; silicon photonics ; optical waveguide ; smectic A liquid crystal (SALC) ; stimulated light scattering (SLS) ; holography ; photochromism ; diarylethenes ; refractive index ; CGH ; magnetic-optical bi-functional materials ; hydrothermal process ; down-conversion luminescence ; Na3FeF6:Tb3+ ; magnetic–luminescent structure ; hybrid system ; ternary quantum dots ; magnetic nanoparticles ; iron oxide ; calcium carbonate microspheres ; sensor ; nanoparticles ; silica shells ; metal nanoparticles ; gold-silver nanoshells ; core-shell nanoparticles ; magneto-optics ; mcd ; faraday rotation ; figure of merit ; polarization ; oxygen plasma treatment ; photopolymer ; temperature ; CTE ; thermal degradation ; hexagonal boron nitride ; photoluminescence ; cerium ; anti-counterfeiting ; crystals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties.
    Keywords: growth hormone ; long-acting Fc-fusion recombinant human growth hormone ; method validation ; cell-based bioassay ; reporter gene assay ; pharmacokinetics ; tissue distribution ; alnustone ; rats ; LC-MS/MS ; inflammatory bowel disease ; fixed-dose combination ; biomimetic chromatography ; thiopurine immunosuppressants ; folic acid ; doxorubicin ; hernandezine ; pharmacokinetic study ; drug–drug interaction ; gardneramine ; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid ; memantine ; rimantadine ; amantadine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; derivatization ; stopped-flow ; quality control ; anwuligan ; rat ; optode ; polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride ; lactone-rhodamine B ; contact-lens detergent ; dietary supplement ; adulteration ; low-field NMR ; multivariate analysis ; steroids ; Partial Least Squares regression ; in vitro permeability ; predictive model ; ketamine ; norketamine ; high throughput bar adsorptive microextraction ; LVI-GC-MS(SIM) ; urine ; baricitinib ; UPLC-MS/MS ; irbersartan ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Polymer composite materials have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electronic engineering and technology, and have been widely applied in electrical power systems, electrical insulation equipment, electrical and electronic devices, etc. Due to the significant expansion in the use of newly developed polymer composite materials, it is necessary to understand and accurately describe the relationship between composite structure and material properties, as only based on thorough laboratory characterization is it possible to estimate the properties for their future commercial applications. This book focuses on polymer composites applied in the field of electrical and electronic equipment, including but not limited to synthesis and preparation of new polymeric materials, structure–properties relationship of polymer composites, evaluation of materials application, simulation and modelling of material performance.
    Keywords: aramid nanofiber ; hydrogen bonds ; electric breakdown strength ; mechanical strength ; alumina nanoplates ; SiC crystal form ; micro-nano compound ; thermal conductivity ; breakdown field strength ; space charge ; polyimide polymer ; unipolar electrical stress ; temperature ; frequency ; surface streamer discharge ; silicone rubber coating ; three-electrode arrangement ; thermally stimulated current method ; surface properties ; dielectric elastomer ; intrinsic property ; energy harvesting ; epoxy resins ; Langmuir ; terahertz ; molecular simulation ; prediction ; epoxy resin ; partial discharge ; active product ; electro-thermal dissociation ; reactive molecular dynamics ; polyimide ; graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets ; polydopamine ; interfacial interaction ; breakdown strength ; molecular dynamics simulation ; damping performance ; nitrile-butadiene rubber ; graphene oxide ; antioxidant 4010NA ; droplet vibration ; high voltage insulator ; polymeric surface ; corona discharge ; arcing ; creepage distance ; streamer discharge ; curved profiles ; streamer propagation “stability” field ; streamer propagation path ; streamer propagation velocity ; Eucommia ulmoides gum ; carbon nanotubes ; graphene ; electromagnetic shielding ; honeycomb sandwich composites ; metamaterial ; radar stealth ; microwave absorbing material ; low frequency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Except for latitudinal and elevational extremes, lizards range across a vast variety of biotopes worldwide, including environments as disparate as deserts, prairies, temperate woodlands, rainforests, or anthropic habitats. Although most species thrive on the ground, numerous lizards are fossorial, arboreal, and even aquatic, found in either fresh- or seawater. With lizards being ectotherms, accurate thermoregulation and other physiological adaptations are in most cases fundamental for their survival in such a variety of habitats. Moreover, lizard coloration may mediate thermoregulation, reproduction, and social status, among others. Lizards have also evolved some unusual antipredator adaptations, such as tail autotomy. Consequently, the astonishing morphological, ecological, and functional diversity of lizards results from extremely intense selective pressures, oftentimes opposing, many of whose interrelationships have yet to be disentangled. This Special Issue provides the international scientific community with an integrative meeting point to discuss and synthesize the current knowledge on the evolutionary pathways and mechanisms that led to today’s lizards.
    Keywords: enhanced vegetation index ; Lacerta ; Mediterranean ; niche partitioning ; Sauria ; Timon ; colouration ; social signals ; Psammodromus algirus ; lizards ; altitudinal gradient ; Indochina ; Southeast Asia ; phylogeny ; Indo-Australian Archipelago ; Bent-toed geckos ; karst ; conservation ; high elevation ; hyperoxia ; sprint performance ; thermal performance curve ; thermal preference ; lizard ; autotomy ; tail ; locomotion ; performance ; temperature ; predation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable development in the agriculture sector is crucial to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN). There are lots of challenges to developing modern and intelligent agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. In addition, carbon-neutral development and clean energy utilization are also associated with the UN-SDGs. Such agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering studies are needed in the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. This book focuses on the recent proliferation and technological advancements in these engineering applications. This book aims to share recent updates on agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering, and the application of these engineering techniques in the agriculture sector. It presents such engineering technologies and applications in seven categories that include energy system applications in agriculture (three studies); irrigation and drainage (four studies); biomass, biogas, and biochar (three studies); farm mechanization and soil science (three studies); remote sensing and geographical studies (two studies); wastewater and biological studies (two studies); and case studies and societal aspects in agriculture (five studies). The editors believe that this book will be useful for agricultural scientists, researchers, and students.
    Keywords: air heat pump ; carbon dioxide ; formaldehyde ; electricity consumption ; ultra-fine dust ; municipal waste ; biological fertilizer ; phytopathogens ; sustainable agriculture ; organic waste treatment ; optical remote sensing ; microwave remote sensing ; phenology-based method ; forest conservation ; forest management ; rural residents ; economic incentives ; Pakistan ; less-favoured areas ; agricultural policy ; farm profitability ; traction ; soil ; sinkage ; single-track shoe ; penetration ; cohesion ; adhesion ; ANOVA ; Brassica chinensis ; coefficient of variation ; double-row ; metering device ; pneumatic ; greenhouse ; computational fluid dynamics ; airflow ; temperature ; humidity ; horticulture ; Zagazig ; Egypt ; willingness to accept ; gross margin ; mixed cropping ; ordered logistic regression ; bioresources ; circular bioeconomy ; economic analysis ; Nitrification inhibitor ; smog ; Wheat straw ; poultry farms ; air-conditioning ; evaporative cooling systems ; temperature-humidity index ; temperature-humidity-velocity index ; soil erosion ; sediment yield ; RUSLE ; sediment transport modeling ; Gomal River ; arid regions ; surface drain system ; design ; drainage effluent ; GF-6 ; maize ; straw ; support vector machine ; random forest ; red-edge wavelength ; biomass ; furnace ; efficiency ; economics ; carbon nanotubes ; surface modification ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; water and wastewater treatment ; renewable energy ; biogas production ; livestock manure ; anaerobic digestion ; COVID-19 ; Iran ; food security ; economic crisis ; agriculture ; food supply chain ; agricultural economy ; drip irrigation system ; net revenue ; small landholders ; sustainable irrigation ; agroforestry ; allometric equations ; carbon stock ; organic carbon ; potassium ; zinc ; physiological attributes ; climate change ; environment ; human health ; resources ; wastewater ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Currently, water and energy are among the world biggest challenges. All countries working on increasing industries and searching for progress need energy. Beside the limitation on the energy in the world, the aspect that has limited the use of energy is global warming. Fossil fuels are mostly used in the industries produce greenhouse gasses that cause trapping of the heat in the atmosphere and thus lead to temperatures rising and climate change. The importance of green energy is that it does not have the negative effect of fossil fuels and does not release carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas through combustion. This book contains some new studies about the production of renewable energies and applications of green technologies in various processes. The book is useful for researchers in the field of green technologies and also post-graduate students who are interested in expanding their knowledge of novel technologies and green fuels. It contains six chapters. In Chapter 1, a microbial fuel cell was studied and optimized. In Chapter 2, an autonomous model that can be used in cars and agriculture was reviewed. Chapter 3 studies the dehumidification capacity of water walls. Chapter 4 discusses the performance of conventional and unconventional single U-Tube pipe configurations. Chapter 5 studies the power generation table of 40 different locations in Oman. Finally, in Chapter 6 the role of renewable energy in south Asian countries is discussed.
    Keywords: acceptance ; AgTech startups ; autonomous ; robot ; TAM ; water wall ; falling water film ; relative humidity ; temperature ; condensation rate ; dehumidification ; vertical ground heat exchanger ; external fin ; thermal response test ; effective ground thermal conductivity ; carbon nanotube ; coulombic efficiency ; microbial fuel cell ; nanocomposite ; Pt ; lookup tables ; photovoltaic ; PVGIS ; solar ; Oman ; health expenditures ; CO2 emissions ; renewable energy ; South Asian countries ; FMOLS ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters.
    Keywords: tofacitinib ; dose-dependent pharmacokinetics ; hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect ; rats ; catalposide ; in vitro human metabolism ; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ; sulfotransferase ; carboxylesterase ; celecoxib ; drug–drug interaction ; fluorescence ; HPLC ; metabolism ; repaglinide ; HSG4112 ; anti-obesity agent ; stereoselectivity ; pharmacokinetics ; compound K ; protopanaxadiol (PPD) ; biliary excretion ; intestinal metabolism ; Carthamus tinctorius extract ; notoginseng total saponins ; comparative pharmacokinetic study ; large volume direct injection ; compatibility mechanism ; mertansine ; human hepatocytes ; cytochrome P450 ; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases ; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ; DWP16001 ; kidney distribution ; inhibition mode ; diabetes ; transporter-enzyme interplay ; influx transporter ; efflux transporter ; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model ; cytochrome P450 enzymes ; tiropramide ; healthy Korean subjects ; modeling ; population pharmacokinetic ; quercetin ; breast cancer resistance protein ; inhibitor ; prazosin ; sulfasalazine ; kinetic analysis ; food–drug interactions ; Caco-2 ; EpiIntestinal ; first-pass ; P-gp ; BCRP ; drug transporter ; CYP3A4 ; oral availability ; automatization ; drug absorption ; drug dosing ; head-and-neck cancer ; real-time measurements ; taxanes ; tissue engineering ; UHPLC-MS/MS ; metformin ; verapamil ; drug interaction ; organic cation transporter 2 ; renal excretion ; acute renal failure ; gentamicin ; cisplatin ; hepatic CYP3A1(23) ; creatinine clearance ; renal clearance ; nonrenal clearance ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The innovations in construction materials that have been made due to the development of different varieties of concrete have led to innovations in structural applications and design. This Special Issue mainly focuses on state-of-the-art research progress in high-performance concrete, including the effect and characteristics of fibers on the properties of high-performance concrete, the CO2 curing efficiency of high-performance cement composites, and the effect of nano materials when used in ultra-high-performance concrete. This Special Issue also contains two comprehensive review articles covering the following topics: the role of supplementary cementitious materials in ultra-high-performance concrete and recent progress in nanomaterials in cement-based materials. Readers working towards conducting research on innovative construction materials will be exposed to findings related to this topic in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: ultrahigh-performance concrete ; nanosilica ; dynamic light scattering ; zeta potential ; pore solution ; alkali-activator ; GGBFS ; Na2O content ; Ms (SiO2/Na2O) ; workability ; setting time ; steel fiber ; fiber content ; aspect ratio ; toughness index ; high-strength concrete ; fibers ; smart materials ; fiber/matrix bond ; physical properties ; heat treatment ; alkali-activated material ; calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive additive ; concrete shrinkage ; modulus of elasticity ; shrinkage stress ; SIFRCC ; fiber volume fraction ; direct tensile strength ; energy absorption capacity ; direct tensile test ; carbon nanotubes ; cement-based materials ; concrete infrastructure ; graphene ; graphene oxide ; mechanical strength ; nanomaterials ; nano-Al2O3 ; nano-Fe2O3 ; nano-SiO2 ; nano-TiO2 ; smart infrastructure ; slurry-infiltrated fiber-reinforced cementitious composite ; high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite ; compressive stress ; stress-strain relationship ; filling slurry matrix ; bio-slime ; sulfate attack ; chloride attack ; service life ; multi-layer diffusion ; repair ; concrete ; dynamic compression ; Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SPHB) ; brittle materials ; simulation ; calcined zeolite sand ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; pre-wetted ; autogenous shrinkage ; internal curing ; reactive powder concrete ; strength ; basalt fibers ; abrasion ; porosity ; microscopic image processing ; X-ray CT analysis ; porous cementitious materials ; 3D tomographic image ; CO2 curing ; size effect ; colloidal silica ; cement-based material ; casting method ; ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete ; densified silica fume ; agglomeration ; pozzolanic reaction ; densification ; alternative alkali-activated material ; ground granulated blast-furnace slag ; strength development ; CSA expansive additive ; ultrasonic pulse velocity ; temperature ; high performance concrete (HPC) ; C-shape magnetic probe test ; fibre orientation angle ; flexural test ; attenuation factor ; ultra-high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; multiscale finite element modeling ; multi-point constraint ; multi-scale interface connection ; concrete damage plasticity model ; ABAQUS ; ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) ; supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) ; sustainability ; compressive strength ; flowability ; shrinkage ; railway sleeper ; static bending test ; numerical simulation ; structural performance ; high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) ; polypropylene fiber (PP) ; polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) ; residual flexural strength ; splitting tensile strength ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Dear colleagues, Geological energy has a long history in China. As early as 500 BC, China began to use coal as fuel. In the middle of the 19th century, China began to develop oil resources. After the foundation of new China, with the discovery of the Daqing oilfield, China's oil industry entered an era of great development. During the 21st century, with the development of drilling technology, the development of unconventional energy such as shale gas and shale oil has entered a new era. In recent years, the development of flammable ice has set off a wave of clean energy. With the carbon reduction plan proposed by the Chinese government, clean geo-energy has been granted unparalleled development space in the future. China's geo-energy development technology used to lag behind that of major developed countries for a long time, but after years of development, it has become the world's leading edge in some fields. Therefore, we specially set up this collection to collect China's advanced geo-energy exploitation technology and development trends, whilst providing some new directions for thinking about geo-energy development in China and even the world. This collection seeks to contribute to such topics through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge.
    Keywords: airflow reversal ; gas outburst ; mine ventilation system ; orthogonal experiment ; numerical simulation ; deep chamber ; asymmetric failure ; mechanical analysis ; control measures ; Yinggehai ; overpressure ; hydraulic fracture ; mudstone ; fluid pressure ; red sandstone ; pre-existing cracks ; creep behavior ; temperature ; long-term permeability ; partial saturation ; patchy saturation ; squirt flow ; P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation ; anelasticity ; ultrasonic measurements ; heavy oil reservoirs ; cyclic steam stimulation ; conformance control ; extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) trees ; prediction model ; Dongsha Waters in the northern South China Sea margin ; velocity inversion ; mud volcano ; magma intrusion ; Mesozoic hydrocarbon ; tubing ; modal analysis ; fluid-structure interaction ; inlet pressure ; pipeline ; water hammer ; gas-liquid two-phase flow ; pressure ; velocity ; lattice Boltzmann method ; discrete element method ; sand production ; force chain network analysis ; seismic sedimentology ; sedimentary facies evolution ; peat accumulation regularity ; frequency–division amplitude fusion ; thin sand bodies ; stable crack propagation ; crack strain ; stress–strain curve ; model ; wing crack ; outburst coal ; primary coal ; structural parameters ; infrared spectrum ; XRD ; oil shale ; in situ conversion project ; biomarker ; pyrolysis process ; organic geochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The present book contains nine articles that were accepted and published in the Special Issue “Modeling and Control of Energy Conversion during Underground Coal Gasification Process” of the MDPI Energies journal. This book focuses on the energy conversion processes in underground coal gasification (UCG), as well as on the modeling and control of this process. The articles published in this book can be divided into three thematic parts of research in the field of underground coal gasification technology: the first part is the impact of technology on the environment, the second is research (studies) on the coal areas and coal properties of UCG technology, and the third is the monitoring, modeling, and control processes within UCG. We hope that this book will be interesting and useful for workers and researchers in the field of underground coal gasification technology, as well as for those who are interested in the mathematical modeling and control of this process.
    Keywords: low-carbon energy ; UCG technology ; grouting ; solidification soil ; soil air ; statistic model ; soil contamination ; atmospheric geochemical survey ; environmental burden ; underground coal gasification (UCG) ; optimization ; syngas ; calorific value ; optimal control ; operating variables ; control algorithm ; coal gasification ; rocks ; coal seam ; material balance ; heat balance ; tightness ; gas ; underground coal gasification ; georeactor ; char ; melted waste rock ; gas permeability ; tortuosity ; porosity ; measurement ; temperature ; regression ; model ; analyses ; cavity ; lignite ; UCG ; ex situ tests ; high temperature ; strength and structural parameters of rocks after heating ; destruction zone around gasified channel ; SNG ; UCG wastewater ; environmental impact assessment ; correlation analysis ; effluents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The book broadly deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and various relevant topics, including different antibody formats such as Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, nanoparticle-based mAbs and HER2+ cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors and other closely related topics. Each paper was written by leading active research groups in their fields both from academia and industry. The book should be of interest to those scientists and researchers who develop or use biologics, biotherapeutics, biosimilars and biobetters in cancer treatment.
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; NSCLC ; immunotherapy ; ELISA ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacogenetics ; anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies ; anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody ; B cell ; immune checkpoint blockade ; immune-related adverse events (irAEs) ; myasthenia gravis (MG) ; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ; nivolumab ; programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) ; T cell ; tetraspanins ; cancer ; Tspan8 ; radioimmunotherapy ; immune-checkpoint inhibitors ; LDH ; biomarkers ; Ang-2 ; antiangiogenic therapy ; in vivo imaging ; radio- and chemotherapy ; VEGF-A ; cancer therapy ; neovascularization ; angiogenesis ; tumor microenvironment ; colorectal cancer ; antibody ; NK cells ; ADCC ; CD133 ; prominin-1 ; gold nanoparticles ; antibody-drug conjugates ; cell penetrating peptide ; HIV-1 TAT ; active-targeting ; targeted delivery ; trastuzumab ; MMAE ; valine-citrulline ; affibody ; drug conjugates ; hepatic uptake ; DM1 ; dermatooncology ; immune checkpoints ; monoclonal antibodies ; passive immunotherapy ; canine B-cell lymphoma ; DLA-DR ; HLA-DR ; antibody-drug conjugate ; ADC ; methotrexate ; tumor immunity ; combination therapy ; multiple myeloma (MM) ; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ; antibody products ; B cell maturation antigens (BCMAs) ; bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs®) ; checkpoint inhibitors 1 ; protein structure 2 ; pharmacokinetics 3 ; drug optimization 4 ; HER2-positive breast cancer ; metastatic disease ; neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy ; targeted therapy ; acute myeloid leukemia ; CD123 ; IL3RA ; kinesin spindle protein inhibitor ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.
    Keywords: WTP 828 ; Legionella ; risk assessment plan ; water quality ; microbial analysis ; chemical analysis ; distal site positivity ; hot water return line ; chlorine ; HPC ; temperature ; water management ; free-living amoebae ; biological biocide ; cooling towers ; Legionella pneumophila ; protozoa ; Vermamoeba ; Acanthamoeba ; potable water ; hospital water ; water disinfection ; legionellosis ; Dental unit waterlines ; Legionella spp. ; risk management ; disinfection ; SBT ; molecular diversity ; hotels ; Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) ; Surgical Handwashing Outlets (SHWOs) ; sensor-activated faucets ; free-living amoebae (FLA) ; virulence genes ; Willaertia magna C2c Maky ; culture media ; environmental monitoring ; quality control ; first draw ; second draw ; biofilm ; whole genome sequencing ; premise plumbing systems ; Legiolert ; ISO 11731 ; plate culture ; potable water samples ; flint ; copper ; PEX ; iron ; premise plumbing ; Legionnaires’ disease ; culture ; BCYE and GVPC media ; MLVA-genotypes ; clonal complex ; West Bank ; non-tuberculous mycobacteria ; Pseudomonas ; Acinetobacter ; amoebae ; PVC ; drinking water ; ecotype ; groundwater ; environmental factors ; magnesium ; niche ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Caffeine is present in coffee and many other beverages and is the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Coffee drinking or caffeine supplementation may have a role in preventing cardiometabolic and endocrine disease, neuroinflammation, cancer, and even all-cause mortality. Other aspects are either less known or controversial, including the effects on the brain–gut axis, neurodevelopment, behavior, pain, muscle–skeletal health, skin or sexual function. Studies focusing on special populations (neonates, children, adolescents, athletes, elderly, pregnant and nonpregnant women), or interactions with other drugs and foods, are relatively scarce but of obvious interest. Other compounds present in coffee and other caffeinated food stuffs may affect caffeine´s physiological effects with a tremendous impact on health. This Special Issue, which contains twenty-one manuscripts, has focused on some of these varied topics, providing further evidence of the multiple health benefits that coffee/caffeine intake may exert in humans, at least in specific populations (with a particular genetic profile or suffering from specific diseases). However, the specific effects in the different organs and systems, as well as the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. Furthermore, within the current context aiming to sustainable development, the coffee plant Coffee sp. and its so-far relatively neglected by-products are expected to become soon a source of ingredients for new functional foods whose properties will need to be precisely determined. We hope the readers of this Special Issue will find inspiration for new studies on the topic.
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; energy drink ; exercise ; elite athlete ; performance ; football ; RPE ; DOMS ; sport performance ; supplementation ; ergogenic aids ; consumer ; behavior ; perception ; coffee ; health ; consumption motives ; coffee/caffeine ; systematic review and meta-analysis ; prospective studies ; epidemiology ; cancer prevention ; colorectal cancer ; individual responses ; responders ; exercise performance ; caffeine ; tea ; energy drinks ; pregnancy ; newborn ; ergogenic aid ; resistance training ; isokinetic testing ; adrenal gland ; corticosterone ; puberty ; rat ; sex-difference ; fatigue ; mood state ; supplement ; resistance exercise ; speed ; repetition ; n/a ; metabolome ; skeletal muscle ; muscle contraction ; ergogenic effect ; bench press ; upper limb ; ergogenic substances ; time under tension ; 1RM test ; metabolites ; phenotyping ; CYP450 ; NAT ; xanthine oxidase ; actigraphy ; athletic ; anaerobic ; CMJ ; nutrition ; sport supplement ; Wingate ; electromyography ; efficiency ; sport ; expectancy ; belief ; perceptions ; placebo effect ; recovery ; strength ; power ; sprint performance ; menstrual cycle ; placebo ; ergogenic ; EEG–EMG coherence ; women ; exercise training ; velocity ; muscle function ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.
    Keywords: Leaf δ13C ; Leaf δ15N ; Growth stage ; Environmental factors ; Relative importance ; nitrogen dioxide ; nitrogen metabolism ; photorespiration ; heat dissipation ; excess absorbed light energy ; electron transfer ; photochemical efficiency ; altitude ; non-structural carbohydrates ; nutrients ; ontogeny ; Pinus cembra L. ; Larix decidua Mill ; boreal forest ; leaf temperature ; photosynthesis ; water availability ; leaf thermal damage ; thermoregulation ; endangered ; Sonneratia × hainanensis ; reproductive system ; seed germination ; light ; temperature ; salinity ; Cinnamomum migao ; autotoxicity ; seedling growth ; soil substrate ; soil enzyme ; soil fungi ; TreeSonic ; MOEd ; forest productivity ; dendrochronology ; recruitment period ; Aspromonte National Park ; Sessile oak ; deciduous forest ; carbon sequestration ; wood density ; allometry ; functional traits ; climate niches ; Malus baccata ; MbERF11 ; cold stress ; salt stress ; transgenic plant ; dendrometer ; stem circumference changes ; climate response ; Mediterranean ; Pinus nigra ; Pinus pinaster ; ontogenetic phases ; adaptive strategies ; leaf functional traits ; light environment ; canopy tree species ; carbon isotopes ; climate change ; respiration ; discrimination ; mixed forest ; keeling plot ; branch lifespan ; shoot lifespan ; stem lifespan ; branch shedding ; shoot shedding ; stem shedding ; canopy ; crown development ; tree architecture ; light foraging ; phenotypic plasticity ; shade tolerance ; shade acclimation ; light acclimation ; light regime ; sunfleck ; leaf thickness ; leaf angle ; leaf three-dimensional structure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book introduces a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods for the treatment of gas emissions, wastewater, and solid waste. It provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students, in the areas of environmental science and engineering.
    Keywords: adsorption ; chromium ; competition ; fluoride ; soil and water pollution ; municipal solid waste management ; life cycle assessment ; life cycle impacts ; life cycle stages ; eutrophication ; global warming ; human health ; acidification ; Harare ; Zimbabwe ; iron tailings ; ammonium sulfate roasting process ; reaction mechanism ; kinetics ; carbon footprint ; CiteSpace ; a visual analysis ; metronidazole ; porous carbon ; surface modification ; wastewater treatment ; membrane fouling ; molecular composition of foulant ; transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) ; fouling propensities ; waste incineration ; cyclone flue ; gas-solid separation ; numerical simulation ; polysaccharides ; microfiltration process ; calcium ion ; copper adsorption ; magnetized pine needle biochar ; isotherms ; FTIR and XRD studies ; VLE ; CO2 capture ; amine ; DEA-12-PD ; 12-HEPP ; porosity properties ; adsorption capacity ; carbon dioxide storage ; melamine Schiff bases ; surface area ; energy ; antimony ; mineral processing ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution characteristics ; solid waste ; cleaner production ; electronic waste ; recycling ; waste printed circuit boards ; waste EAF slag ; magnesium silicate hydrate ; radioactive waste ; stabilization/solidification ; strontium ; leaching ; membrane technologies ; biofouling ; composite membranes ; polymer blending ; wastewater treatment plants ; environmental costs ; PID control ; dynamic assessment of performance ; heavy metals ; hybrid materials ; functionalized ; Schiff base ; lead ; Langmuir and Freundlich ; carbon capture and storage (CCS) ; offshore gas field ; techno-economic analysis ; calcium oxide nanoparticles ; calcination ; blended cement paste ; mix design ; compressive strength ; bulk density ; transition metal dichalcogenides ; liquid exfoliation ; quenching ; waste collection route planning ; traveling salesman problem ; genetic algorithms ; steelmaking ; bentonite ; solid waste management ; sustainable materials ; biomass ; characterization ; lignocellulosic ; bioenergy ; water treatment ; nanomaterials ; functionalization ; lime ; mineral nitrogen ; soil pH ; organic carbon ; microbial biomass ; N2O ; batch pyrolysis ; business model ; South Africa ; waste tyres ; circular economy ; environmental sustainability ; mollusk shell ; porous concrete ; construction ; algal biomass ; gasification ; activation energy distribution ; household solid waste ; metal recovery value ; socio-economic benefits ; waste composition of Karachi-Pakistan ; waste management ; waste recycling ; ash-free coal ; CO2 gasification ; coal structure ; tri-high coal ; nanoparticles ; ZnO ; equilibrium ; kinetic ; thermodynamic ; phosphate ; aqueous solution ; sustainable synthetic slag production ; energy recovery ; metal spheres ; fixed bed regenerator ; waste and energy nexus ; antibiotics ; competitive sorption ; retention/release ; sorbents ; surface-flow constructed wetland ; nitrogen load ; nitrate ; ammonium ; organic nitrogen ; hydraulic load ; hydraulic residence time ; temperature ; denitrification ; biological uptake ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Flash memory devices have represented a breakthrough in storage since their inception in the mid-1980s, and innovation is still ongoing. The peculiarity of such technology is an inherent flexibility in terms of performance and integration density according to the architecture devised for integration. The NOR Flash technology is still the workhorse of many code storage applications in the embedded world, ranging from microcontrollers for automotive environment to IoT smart devices. Their usage is also forecasted to be fundamental in emerging AI edge scenario. On the contrary, when massive data storage is required, NAND Flash memories are necessary to have in a system. You can find NAND Flash in USB sticks, cards, but most of all in Solid-State Drives (SSDs). Since SSDs are extremely demanding in terms of storage capacity, they fueled a new wave of innovation, namely the 3D architecture. Today “3D” means that multiple layers of memory cells are manufactured within the same piece of silicon, easily reaching a terabit capacity. So far, Flash architectures have always been based on "floating gate," where the information is stored by injecting electrons in a piece of polysilicon surrounded by oxide. On the contrary, emerging concepts are based on "charge trap" cells. In summary, flash memory devices represent the largest landscape of storage devices, and we expect more advancements in the coming years. This will require a lot of innovation in process technology, materials, circuit design, flash management algorithms, Error Correction Code and, finally, system co-design for new applications such as AI and security enforcement.
    Keywords: retention characteristic ; high-κ ; nonvolatile charge-trapping memory ; stack engineering ; NOR flash memory ; aluminum oxide ; NAND flash memory ; interference ; Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation ; disturbance ; program ; non-volatile memory (NVM) ; 3D NAND Flash memories ; random telegraph noise ; Flash memory reliability ; test platform ; endurance ; support vector machine ; raw bit error ; 3D NAND Flash ; RBER ; reliability ; flash signal processing ; randomization scheme ; solid-state drives ; 3D flash memory ; performance cliff ; tail latency ; garbage collection ; artificial neural network ; error correction code ; work function ; effective work function ; dipole ; metal gate ; high-k ; SiO2 ; interfacial reaction ; MHONOS ; erase performance ; 3D NAND flash memory ; temperature ; read disturb ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The worldwide dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, particularly those resistant to last-resource antibiotics, is a common problem to which no immediate solution is foreseen. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of antimicrobial-resistant "priority pathogens", which include a group of microorganisms with high-level resistance to multiple drugs, named ESKAPE pathogens, comprising vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp. These bacteria also have the ability to produce several virulence factors, which have a major influence on the outcomes of infectious diseases. Bacterial resistance and virulence are interrelated, since antibiotics pressure may influence bacterial virulence gene expression and, consequently, infection pathogenesis. Additionally, some virulence factors contribute to an increased resistance ability, as observed in biofilm-producing strains. The surveillance of important resistant and virulent clones and associated mobile genetic elements is essential to decision making in terms of mitigation measures to be applied for the prevention of such infections in both human and veterinary medicine, being also relevant to address the role of natural environments as important components of the dissemination cycle of these strains.
    Keywords: biocide ; antibiotic resistance ; cross-resistance ; aminoglycoside ; adaptation ; biofilm ; pyruvate cycle ; mastitis ; staphylococci ; virulence factors ; genes ; antimicrobial resistance ; infant ; newborn ; bacteremia ; Gram-negative bacteria ; drug resistance ; microbial ; mortality ; microcosm ; Aeromonas ; climate change ; temperature ; pH ; water ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; virulence ; whole-genome sequencing ; international high-risk clones ; genomic epidemiology ; dogs ; Escherichia coli ; ESBL ; CTX-M-15 ; CTX-M-1 ; CTX-M-32 ; CTX-M-55 ; CTX-M-14 ; qAmpC ; CMY-2 ; camel ; domestic ; milk ; virulence genes ; extended-spectrum β-lactamases ; biofilm formation ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; carbapenem resistance ; KPC-2 ; plasmid ; diabetic foot infections ; Staphylococcus aureus ; subinhibitory concentrations ; virulence-related genes ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Welding is widely used by both academia and industry to create similar and dissimilar joints aiming to create a complex shape structure and to couple the mechanical properties of different materials into a single monolithic structure. In this book, a collection of peer-reviewed works on the welding of advanced engineering alloys is presented. Both solid-state and fusion-based welding technologies are presented. These works employed advanced microstructure characterization to evaluate how the selection of process parameters impacts the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints. Moreover, three comprehensive review works are also included, providing an in-depth overview of distinct topics. We hope that this collection of works is of interest to the community so that welding technologies continue to grow further in the future.
    Keywords: friction stir welding ; dissimilar metals ; temperature ; process conditions ; guidelines ; resistance heat-assisted ultrasonic welding ; mechanical properties ; fracture morphology ; intermetallic compounds ; microstructure ; double-pulsed ; robot operation ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; orthogonal experimental design ; short-circuiting gas metal arc welding ; waveform control method ; weld pool oscillation and flow ; high speed photograph ; image processing ; continuous wavelet transform ; K-TIG ; heat input ; weld formation ; tensile properties ; welding procedure optimisation ; tungsten inert gas welding ; friction stir processing ; dissimilar aluminium alloys joints ; dissimilar metal joints ; welding ; high entropy alloys ; laser welding ; review ; tensile strength ; flexural strength ; dissimilar aluminium alloys ; numerical finite-element modeling ; analytical Rosenthal equation ; thermal regime ; AA5456 ; aluminum alloy ; fiber laser-MIG hybrid ; CMT ; MIG ; hybrid joints ; hardness ; ASTM A553-1 (9% nickel steel) ; penetration shape ; Bead on Plate (BOP) ; pulsed GMAW ; droplet transfer ; weld bead formation ; droplet impact force ; double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) ; droplet impingement pressure ; weld pool oscillation ; grain refinement ; constitutional supercooling ; deep neural network ; high strength steel ; laser beam welding ; penetration ; quality assessment ; spectrometer ; welding seam root ; metal flow behavior ; root flaw ; pin length ; Incomplete penetration ; weak connection ; real time ; infrared thermography ; camera ; microhardness ; plasma arc welding ; hot wire ; laser oscillating welding ; high temperature titanium alloy ; laser impact welding ; interfacial bonding mechanism ; interface wave ; diffusion ; TA1/Q235B composite sheets ; rolling temperature ; explosive welding ; microstructures ; dissimilar welding ; aluminum ; fracture ; friction welding ; Ti-6Al-4V ; nitinol ; intermetallic compound ; fractography ; dissimilar metal joining ; dissimilar friction stir welding ; AA2024-T4/AA7075-T6Al alloys ; t-butt joints ; microstructure evaluation ; EBSD ; fracture surfaces ; texture ; investment casting ; alloy 718 ; hot cracking mechanism ; Varestraint test ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is a research topic that has attracted much attention in recent decades. This is mainly due to the potential use of PCMs as latent storage media in a large variety of applications. Although many kinds of PCMs are already commercial products, advanced materials with improved properties and new latent storage concepts are required to better meet the specific requirements of different applications. Moreover, the development of common validation procedures for PCMs is an important issue that should be addressed in order to achieve commercial deployment and implementation of these kinds of materials in latent storage systems. The key subjects addressed on the five papers included in this Special Issue are related to methodologies for material selection, PCM validation and assessment procedures, innovative approaches of PCM applications together with simulation and testing of latent storage prototypes.
    Keywords: thermal energy storage (TES) ; phase change material (PCM) ; heating and cooling ; material selection ; selection methodology ; heat transfer ; high power ; latent heat ; energy storage ; heat exchanger ; lithium-ion battery ; thermal management ; phase change material ; temperature ; heat dissipation fins ; capacity ; phase change materials (PCM) ; latent heat storage ; degradation ; thermal cycling stability ; stable supercooling ; latent heat thermal storage ; pcm ; 0D dynamic model ; multi-energy system ; district heating ; thermal network ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The book deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) broadly, and relevant topics such as challenges and opportunities, next-generation antibody products, Antibody-Drug-Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, glycosylation, and T-cell engagers are covered. Each topic has been written by leading groups around the world and the book should be of interest to researchers from both academia and industry.
    Keywords: therapeutic antibody ; stability ; aggregation ; manufacture challenges ; formulation ; antibodies ; site-specific conjugation ; bioconjugates ; ADC ; antibody-drug conjugates ; payloads ; linkers ; nucleic acids ; ADME ; developability ; glycosylation ; post-translational modifications ; pharmacokinetics ; effector functions ; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ; complement-dependent cytotoxicity ; immunogenicity ; pharmacodynamics ; glycoengineering ; type III secretion system ; prophylaxis ; antibacterials ; antibiotics ; HIV/AIDS ; co-formulation ; high concentration ; analytical characterization ; antibody (s) ; T-cell engagers ; bispecific antibodies ; immunotherapy ; oncology ; antibody engineering ; immunological synapse ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
    Language: English
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