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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; oxidative phosphorylation ; perfluorocompound injection ; rat kidney ; rat liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wistar albino rats were intravenously injected with 1 ml of an oxyphoretic emulsion of perfluorobutylfurane and killed 3, 7 or 30 days later. Mitochondria isolated from the liver and kidneys of treated rats showed a small decrease in the transmembrane electrical potential and a substantial depression of the rates of both ATP synthesis and ADP-stimulated respiration. These alterations in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation appear to be induced by perfluorocarbon and/or tensioactive molecules interacting with hydrophobic cell structures.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 315-318 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; mitochondrial abnormalities ; mitochondrial enzymes ; oxidative metabolism ; fibroblast line GM3093
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroblast line GM3093 deficient in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was derived from a patient reported to have an inherited defect affecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our results suggest a generalized defect consisting of few and abnormal mitochondria and low activities of all mitochondrial enzymes examined.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 1069-1076 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; proteolysis ; PIM1 protease ; AAA protease ; chaperone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Various adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent proteases were identified within mitochondria which mediate selective mitochondrial protein degradation and fulfill crucial functions in mitochondrial biogenesis. The matrix-localized PIM1 protease, a homologue of theEscherichia coli Lon protease, is required for respiration and maintenance of mitochondrial genome integrity. Degradation of non-native polypeptides by PIM1 protease depends on the chaperone activity of the mitochondrial Hsp70 system, posing intriguing questions about the relation between the proteolytic system and the folding machinery in mitochondria. The mitochondrial inner membrane harbors two ATP-dependent metallopeptidases, them- and thei-AAA protease, which expose their catalytic sites to opposite membrane surfaces and cooperate in the degradation of inner membrane proteins. In addition to its proteolytic activity, them-AAA protease has chaperone-like activity during the assembly of respiratory and ATP-synthase complexes. It constitutes a quality control system in the inner membrane for membrane-embedded protein complexes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 1111-1116 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; mitochondrial inheritance ; cytoskeleton ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; membrane proteins ; organelle movement ; mitochondrial morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mechanisms mediating the inheritance of mitochondria are poorly understood, but recent studies with the yeastsSaccharomyces cerevisiae andSchizosaccharomyces pombe have begun to identify components that facilitate this essential process. These components have been identified through the analysis of conditional yeast mutants that display aberrant mitochondrial distribution at restrictive conditions. The analysis of these mutants has uncovered several novel proteins that are localized either to cytoskeletal structures or to the mitochondria themselves. Many mitochondrial inheritance mutants also show altered mitochondrial morphology and defects in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. Although some inheritance components and mechanisms appear to function specifically in certain types of cells, other conserved proteins are likely to mediate mitochondrial behavior in all eukaryotic cells.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Phosphate ; ATP ; Calcium ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An active constituent of the leaves ofSolanum malacoxylon (SM) is shown to promote calcium resorption and citrate production in embryonic chick frontal bone culturedin vitro. When injected into rats, SM reduces the ATP content of liver and kidneys. This phenomenon may be related to the ability of SM to stimulate mitochondrial ATPase activity at pH 9.4. SM significantly reduces the concentration of phosphate necessary to alter the uptake of calcium and respiration of siolated mitochondria. The data suggest that SM influences calcium and phosphate metabolism by affecting ion movements into and out of mitochondria.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Stabilization ; Amorphous calcium phosphate ; Mitochondria ; Mg and ATP ; Nucleation poisoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A synergistic effect has been demonstrated when magnesium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are used together in solution to delay the conversion of a slurry of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA). Conversion is delayed in some instances more than 10 times as long as with either ATP or Mg alone. In all experiments conversion did not begin until ATP in solution had decreased through hydrolysis to an undetectable level. The effect of Mg is to decrease substantially the rate at which ATP hydrolysis occurs. Once conversion began it proceeded more slowly in the presence of both Mg and ATP than with Mg or ATP alone. ATP was also found to prevent the formation of HA from metastable solutions of calcium and phosphate which did not contain any solid phase. Over the time period of these experiments, ATP hydrolyzed to a negligible extent in Tris-HCl buffer and in solutions containing Ca, PO4, and Ca plus PO4 ions. Hydrolysis of ATP does occur in the presence of ACP or HA, presumably by transphosphorylation on the surface of the solid calcium phosphate phase. It was concluded that ATP stabilized ACP, not by affecting its dissolution, but either by poisoning heteronuclear growth sites, or by poisoning the growth of embryonic HA nuclei (formed heterogeneously or homogeneously) before their critical size is reached, or by poisoning both. In the case of embryonic HA nuclei, the poisoned nuclei would go back into solution preventing HA crystal formation. In addition, it was found that the neutral Ca9(PO4)6 clusters, which are believed to be the basic structural unit of ACP, break down into individual Ca and PO4 ions when ACP dissolves in aqueous medium.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 140-151 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cartilage ; Epiphysis ; Cell ; Differentiation ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude ultrastructurale de chondrocytes hypertrophiques est rendue possible par suite d'une meilleure méthode de fixation. Contrairement à l'opinion qui veut que les cellules hypertrophiques meurent, nos résultats suggèrent nettement une activité cellulaire allant du début de la croissance de la cellule au stade où la lacune s'ouvre. La séquence des altérations cellulaires est décrite, en allant de l'augmentation de l'ergastoplasme à la présence de ribosomes libres et de granules denses aux électrons dans les mitochondries. Les diverses fonctions possibles de la cellule sont décrites. Il est possible que les chondrocytes hypertrophiques se transforment en cellules osseuses.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine verbesserte Fixationsmethode ermöglichte die Untersuchung der Feinstruktur des hypertrophischen Chondrocyten. Im Gegensatz zur allgemeinen Annahme, daß die hypertrophischen Zellen absterben, weisen unsere Resultate deutlich darauf hin, daß die Zellaktivität vom Moment der Zellvergrößerung bis zum Stadium, in welchem die Lacunen aufbrechen, vorhanden ist. Der Ablauf der Veränderungen innerhalb der Zelle wurde beschrieben, wobei die hervorstechendsten Charakteristika die Zunahme des endoplasmatischen Reticulums, das Auftreten von vielen freien Ribosomen und das Vorkommen von elektronenmikroskopisch dichten Granula in den Mitochondrien waren. Die möglichen Funktionen der Zelle wurde besprochen. Es ist äußerst interessant, daß dadurch die Hypothese, wonach die hypertrophischen Chondrocyten schließlich zu Knochenzellen werden, unterstützt wird.
    Notes: Abstract A study of the ultrastructure of the hypertrophic chondrocyte has been made possible by an improved method of fixation. In contrast to the general belief that the hypertrophic cells die, our results strongly suggest cell activity from the beginning of enlargement of the cell up to the stage where the lacuna breaks open. The sequence of alterations within the cell have been described, with the increase of endoplasmic reticulum contents, the appearance of many free ribosomes and the occurrence of electron-dense granules in the mitochondria as the most prominent characteristics. The possible functions of the cell have been discussed. Most interesting is the support for the hypothesis that hypertrophic chondrocytes may ultimately become bone cells.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: cox3 ; Mitochondria ; Wheat ; Transcription mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The wheat mitochondrial (mt) cox3 has been localized and sequenced. The gene exists as a single copy in the wheat mt master chromosome and is transcribed into a single 1.2 kb RNA, whose extremities have been mapped. Comparison of the wheat and Oenothera cox3 sequences gives ambiguous indications concerning the amino acid coded by the codon CGG. Upstream and downstream of the wheat cox3 gene, two short sequences of 43 bp and 69 bp respectively are present, which are almost identical to sequences present in the flanking regions of other plant mitochondrial genes. These common sequences seem to have played a role in the rearrangements which caused sequence divergence of the plant mt genomes during evolution. Furthermore, mapping of wheat and maize cox3 and cob transcripts suggests that some of these common sequences can play a role in the regulation of transcription or processing.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Neurospora ; Plasmid ; Terminal proteins ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Kalilo is a linear plasmid associated with senescence in Neurospora. The terminal Eco R1 restriction fragments of this element are linked to a protein component which remains bound despite denaturation with high concentrations of SDS. Following digestion with proteinase K, the 5′ termini of the plasmid remain resistant to lambda exonuclease whereas the 3′ termini are sensitive to exonuclease III, suggesting that the terminal protein is covalently linked. From an analysis of iodinated proteins released by nuclease digestion, the size of the terminal protein was estimated to be 120 kDa. The covalent linkage between DNA and protein was shown to be alkali-labile suggesting that it is a phosphodiester bond. Electron micrographs of the intact plasmid demonstrate that the associated proteins are terminal, and may be involved in replication.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Linear plasmids ; Mitochondria ; Wheat ; Bunt fungi ; Tilletia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary All isolates of Tilletia spp. investigated (five isolates of T. caries, including one from Japan, two isolates of T. laevis, and five isolates of T. controversa) contained a linear DNA plasmid ranging in size from 7.2 to 7.6 kb. All plasmids were highly homologous to each other as shown by DNA-DNA hybridization and comparison of restriction enzyme sites. Variability in the size of the plasmid was found to be due to differences within a central region of the plasmid. No homology between the plasmid and mitochondrial or nuclear DNA was found, but the mitochondrial origin of the plasmid was confirmed.
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