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  • Articles  (513)
  • Hymenoptera  (513)
  • Springer  (513)
  • Biology  (513)
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  • Articles  (513)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-related sterility in Eretmocerus mundus (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: whiteflies ; Bemisia ; Eretmocerus ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoids ; crowding ; sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While studying the reproductive capacity of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) we found that varying numbers of females were sterile. Investigations showed that sterility occurred also in field populations, but at a very low rate. Laboratory sterility was significantly correlated with crowding of the parental females during oviposition. Whitefly hosts from which fertile of sterile females emerged did not differ in size, neither did the hind tibiae of fertile females differ in dimensions from those of sterile ones. Behavior of sterile females differed from that of the fertile ones in several parameters. They exhibited less leg drumming, used the ovipositor more frequently and for shorter durations, and changed more readily from probing to host stinging, and from a number of activities to walking. Altogether, their behavior appeared more restless and caused them to contact more hosts than fertile females. The possibility that the sterility is caused by crowding alone, or by the activity of microorganisms acting under crowded conditions, and the merits of the phenomenon for biological pest control are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003021605265
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITS-2 sequences do not differ for the closely related species Trichogramma minutum and T. platneri (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: biological control ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003906503074
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The water trap colour preferences of farmland sawflies (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sawflies ; colour preference ; water trap ; Dolerus ; Pachynematus ; Ametastegia ; Cephus ; Aglaostigma ; Athalia ; Hymenoptera ; Symphyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003095815669
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition and offspring survival within eggs of European corn borer: discrimination of the host embryo by female Trichogramma nubilale (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Trichogramma nubilale ; European corn borer ; host discrimination ; offspring survival ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition preference and offspring survival relative to the location of the host embryo was tested in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma nubilale on European corn borer host eggs. Females preferentially oviposited near to the embryo on hosts about 24 h old. Survival of Trichogramma was lower when females oviposited far from the embryo, and a higher proportion of host embryos hatched. Females did not show preferences for drilling or oviposition within very young hosts relative to where the embryo would develop, and these eggs did not produce wasps or host larvae. Female behavior was apparently adaptive in day-old hosts, not to very young hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003249806460
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of parasitism by Aphelinus abdominalis and drought on the walking movement of aphids (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphelinus abdominalis ; Macrosiphum euphorbiae ; Metopolophium dirhodum ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Sitobion avenae ; Hymenoptera ; Aphelinidae ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; parasitism ; dispersal ; diurnal periodicity ; sex ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of simulated plant stress and parasitism by Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman) on the mobility of four species of aphids was investigated. The aphids were placed on water stressed potted plants or on excised leaf segments on dry or moist filter-paper in Petri dishes. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was infested with Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (segments only), aubergine (Solanum melongena) leaf segments with Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The aphids that moved off the plants were removed and their development stage determined at 24-h (drought-stressed plants) or 3-h (leaf segments) intervals. On intact plants, aphid larvae were reluctant to move, and only moved after moulting into adults. On cut leaves, young 1st and 2nd instar larvae were more reluctant to move than 3rd and 4th instar larvae and adults. The numbers moving were initially positively correlated with aphid population density, and in M. euphorbiae occurred mainly during the night. Depending on aphid species and parasitoid age, parasitism by A. abdominalis retarded or accelerated movement, but the differences between young and old larvae and adults persisted after parasitism. A. abdominalis lays male eggs in small hosts and female eggs in large hosts. Consequently, its sex ratio was affected by differential movement of the host aphids of the male and female parasitoids. Old larvae and adult aphids readily moved and carried off female parasitoids, while the small aphids were more likely to remain and give rise to male-biased sex ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003284519048
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fruit fly host, fruit species, and host egg to female parasitoid ratio on the laboratory rearing of Biosteres arisanus (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Biosteres arisanus ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; fruit flies ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host suitability of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for development of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), a braconid parasitoid, was compared with three other fruit fly species, namely, Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Weidemann, melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquilett, and Malaysian fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In addition, effects of five different fruit species, namely, Carica papaya L. (solo papaya), Musa sapientum (L.) O. Ktze. (apple banana), Mangifera indica (L.) (Haden mango), Terminalia catappa (L.) (false kamani), and Citrus aurantiifolia (Christman) Swingle (common lime), on the parasitization rate of B. dorsalis and sex ratio of parasitoid progenies were evaluated. Effects of host egg to female B. arisanus ratios on parasitoid progeny yields were likewise determined. The host suitability of fruit flies for development of B. arisanus was ranked as: B. dorsalis〉C. capitata=B. latifrons=B. cucurbitae. Based on percent parasitization of B. dorsalis, preference of B. arisanus females for host eggs varied with fruit species, however, preferential oviposition displayed by female parasitoids did not influence sex ratios of subsequent parasitoid progenies. Increases in host egg to female parasitoid ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 25:1, and 30:1 corresponded with increases in parasitoid progeny yield reaching a plateau at 20:1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343338
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer, released downwind from pheromone sources (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Diprionidae ; Hymenoptera ; weather ; range of stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the behaviour of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy (Hym., Diprionidae), that were released and observed downwind from pheromone traps baited with 100 μg of the sex pheromone, (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecyl acetate. Releases were done at three distances; either at 5 m from one trap, or at 50 or 200 m from five traps, placed in a line perpendicular to the current wind direction. As control, males were released identically but without any pheromone source present. The behaviour of the males prior to take-off was studied. A total of 1729 males were released, and 80% of them took flight. Males took off significantly faster in the presence of pheromone. Grooming was significantly more frequent in presence of pheromone compared with control. In all pheromone experiments significantly more males displayed grooming, wing fanning and take-off towards the wind compared with the control. Weather data was simultaneously collected at the study site. Wing fanning was negatively correlated with wind speed. Grooming was not influenced by wind speed. Reduced levels of incoming short-wave radiation lowered the take-off frequency significantly. Pheromone-induced behaviour in diprionids seems to be less distinct than in other insects, e.g., Lepidoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003952306552
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of volatiles from cruciferous plants and pre-flight experience in the foraging behaviour of the specialist parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Plutella xylostella ; parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Cotesia plutellae ; foraging behaviour ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The braconid Cotesia plutellae is an important larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a major pest of crucifers in the tropics and sub-tropics. The in-flight searching behaviour of C. plutellae was investigated in a wind tunnel and the close-range attack behaviour observed in cages. The relative importance of volatile stimuli emanating from the plant-host-complex, oilseed rape (Brassica napus) – P. xylostella, in the long-range attraction of C. plutellae was investigated. Plants that were mechanically damaged, or damaged by P. xylostella larvae, were attractive to the parasitoid. Host-damaged leaves remained attractive to the parasitoid after removal of the host larvae. These results indicate that C. plutellae predominantly uses plant derived stimuli in its in-flight searching behaviour. An oviposition experience or contact with a host-damaged leaf prior to the bioassay significantly increased the response to these volatile cues. The foraging behaviour of C. plutellae is compared with other braconid larval parasitoids attacking lepidopteran hosts on crucifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003822208843
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoidsPraon volucre andAphidius rhopalosiphi (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Aphidiinae ; aphid ; sex pheromone ; parasitoid ; Praon volucre ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field experiments provided evidence for the release of sex pheromones by virgin femalePraon volucre Haliday andAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). In Petri dish biosassays, rubber or vermiculite models treated with crude virgin female extracts were frequently approached by males and elicited rapid wing-fanning behaviour and copulation attempts. Delta-shaped water traps containing live virgin females caught large numbers of conspecific males when placed in winter wheat crops. Trapping slightly below crop height resulted in higher catches than trapping above the crop canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380671
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea: a temperature driven model for spring emergence of adults (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Apple sawfly ; Hoplocampa testudinea ; phenology ; post-diapause development ; sex ratio ; mortality temperature ; thermal threshold ; modelling ; Hymenoptera ; Tenthredinidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature on post-diapause development of the apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea Klug was studied under controlled conditions. Survival was found to decrease at temperatures higher than 15°C, the lethal temperature being close to 25°C. The lower thermal threshold was 4.5°C; the values for males and females did not differ significantly. However, different values were established for unprotected individuals, in vermiculite and in potting compost respectively. Based on the overall mean and variance of the developmental time and the overall thermal threshold a simple soil temperature driven phenology model was constructed using a time- varying distributed delay. The validation with independent field and semi-field data revealed the model to be a reliable tool to predict apple sawfly phenology and hence to determine the optimal time for the installation of white sticky traps or for control measures such as insecticide treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193449
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