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  • Books  (1,196)
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  • R5-920
  • bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
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  • Books  (1,196)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 4 Against Unconscious Volition (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This chapter examines the question of whether mental categories come in both conscious and unconscious forms, focusing on the case of volition. Drawing out the implications of the fact that volition is a personal-level phenomenon, an argument against the possibility of unconscious volition is developed. Three objections to that argument are then considered: the first appeals to minimal actions and the exercise of expertise; the second appeals to Benjamin Libet’s studies regarding the Readiness Potential; and the third appeals to relational conceptions of consciousness. All three arguments are found to be uncompelling. The chapter concludes by revisiting the question of whether mental categories can, in general, take both conscious and unconscious forms.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Philosophie der Lebensführung (2024)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Existenzphilosophie fragt nach dem Sinn menschlichen Lebens. Für den Konstruktivismus ist diese Frage schon beantwortet, ja, sinnlos: Für ihn ist die Wirklichkeit des Einzelnen ohnehin die ganze Wirklichkeit - es gibt keine »Objektivität«. So fremd sich beide Denkweisen also gegenüberstehen, so nahe sind sie sich in ihrer radikalen Subjektivität. René Weiland nimmt diese fremde Nähe in den Blick, indem er sich von der Kategorie der Innen-Außen-Differenz als eines Schaltbegriffs leiten lässt, der beide Denkweisen untergründig miteinander verbindet: als Nahtstelle alles Systemischen wie als Nadelöhr unserer Individuationen. Ein Buch für Philosophen und Psychologen - und für Resilienz-Forscher.
    Keywords: Existenzphilosophie ; Konstruktivismus ; Innen-Außen ; Karl Jaspers ; Objektivität ; Subjektivität ; Individuation ; Ethik ; Lebenskunst ; Psychologie ; Philosophiegeschichte ; Philosophie ; Existential Philosophy ; Constructivism ; Inside-outside ; Objectivity ; Subjectivity ; Ethics ; Art of Living ; Psychology ; History of Philosophy ; Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    Chapter 14 Template Tuning and Graded Consciousness (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Whether visual perceptual consciousness is gradable or dichotomous has been the subject of fierce debate in recent years. If perceptual consciousness is gradable, perceivers may have less than full access to—and thus be less than fully phenomenally aware of—perceptual information that is represented in working memory. This raises the question of in virtue of what a subject can be less than fully perceptually conscious. In this chapter, we provide an answer to this question, according to which inexact categorizations of visual input may result in a representation of the visual information in working memory that is less than fully available to the perceiver and which the perceiver therefore is less than fully phenomenally aware of. The latter proposal is a natural extension of a theory of perception we have proposed in previous works, viz., the template tuning theory (TTT). We argue that TTT is compatible with both gradable and dichotomous conceptions of perceptual consciousness but that the available empirical evidence favours a gradable conception of perceptual consciousness.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Workplace Spirituality (2022)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: A state-of-the-art overview of the field of management, spirituality and religion, comprising concise chapters written by experts in the sub-fields and edited by recognized leaders in the field of management, spirituality and religion.
    Keywords: Management ; religion ; spirituality ; working lives ; organizations ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJB Business studies: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJV Ownership & organization of enterprises ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJB Business studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel and human resources management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJV Ownership and organization of enterprises
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Wilhelm Windelband und die Psychologie (2021)
    Heidelberg University Publishing (heiUP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915) was a professor of philosophy during the German Empire, leader of the south-west German school of neo-Kantianism and an influential, when somewhat opinionated, public speaker. Neo-Kantianism was linked with opposition to the discipline of psychology and Windelband is noted in the history of science as nurturing a pronounced dislike of psychology, and of expressing this opinion polemically. The reality, presented here for the first time, looks different. He championed at an early stage the independence of psychology, worked on a book about psychology and gave more than twenty lectures about psychology. The institutional background concerning the difficult relationship between philosophy and psychology is examined, and shows that Windelband was not an isolated case in the history of philosophy.
    Description: Wilhelm Windelband (1848-1915) war Ordinarius der Philosophie im Deutschen Kaiserreich, Haupt der südwestdeutschen Schule des Neukantianismus und einflussreicher Kathederfürst. Dem Neukantianismus wird Gegnerschaft zur Psychologie nachgesagt, und Windelband gilt in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte als jemand, der eine ausgeprägte Abneigung gegen die Psychologie hegte und diese polemisch von sich gab. Die hier erstmalig untersuchte Wirklichkeit sah anders aus. Er setzte sich frühzeitig für die Selbständigkeit der Psychologie ein, arbeitete an einem Buch zur Psychologie und hielt mehr als zwanzig Hauptvorlesungen zur Psychologie. Institutionelle Hintergründe des problematischen Verhältnisses zwischen Philosophie und Psychologie werden untersucht und gezeigt, weshalb Windelband kein Einzelfall in der Geschichte des Faches Philosophie war.
    Keywords: Wilhelm Windelband ; history of philosophy ; history of psychology ; history of science ; neo-Kantianism ; Habilitation ; Heidelberg ; Lehrstuhl ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.
    Keywords: Engineering Ethics ; Robotics ; Applied Psychology ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics ; Behavioral Sciences and Psychology ; AI and ethics ; ethics and robotics ; descriptive ethics ; relationship between ethics and law ; machine ethics ; machine meta-ethics ; machine normative ethics ; types of AI systems ; strong and weak AI ; challenges of AI ; Open Access ; Ethics & moral philosophy ; Technology: general issues ; Artificial intelligence ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter 9 The Brain-Based Argument for Unconscious Sensory Qualities (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This chapter explores the notion of conscious and unconscious sensory qualities and challenges the traditional view that sensory qualities are exclusively conscious. Two arguments are offered for the existence of unconscious sensory qualities: the behavioural and the neural. The upshot of both arguments is that the similarities between conscious and unconscious sensory states are much greater than typically assumed in both the philosophy of mind and the cognitive neuroscience of consciousness. In fact, both arguments (and especially the latter one, which is explored at some length in the chapter) support the view that the mechanisms of sensory qualities are literally the same in conscious and unconscious perceptual conditions. This has important implications for general theories of consciousness and for research on neural correlates of consciousness.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter 16 (Un)conscious Perspectival Shape and Attention Guidance in Visual Search (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Conscious and Unconscious Mentality | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: When viewing a circular coin rotated in depth, it fills an elliptical region of the distal scene. For some, this appears to generate a two-fold experience, in which one sees the coin as simultaneously circular (in light of its 3D shape) and elliptical (in light of its 2D ‘perspectival shape’ or ‘p-shape’). An energetic philosophical debate asks whether the latter p-shapes are genuinely presented in perceptual experience (as ‘perspectivalists’ argue) or if, instead, this appearance is somehow derived or inferred from experience (as ‘anti-perspectivalists’ argue). This debate, however, has largely turned on introspection. In a recent study, Morales et al. (2020) aim to provide the first empirical test of this question. They asked subjects to find an elliptical coin seen face-on from a search array that also included a circular coin seen either face-on or at an angle. They found that subjects reacted more slowly when the distracting circle was seen at an angle, such that its p-shape matched that of the target ellipse. From this, they concluded that the similar p-shape between the ellipse and circle constituted a phenomenal similarity between the two, and thus that perspectivalism is true. We show that these results can also be explained by pre-attentive guidance by unconscious representations (in what follows, just “unconscious pre-attentive guidance”) and that this explanation is at least as plausible as one from phenomenal similarity. Thus, we conclude that the experiment does not support perspectivalism over anti-perspectivalism.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter 2 Conscious and Unconscious Qualities (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Conscious and Unconscious Mentality | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The chapter considers the possibility of separating phenomenality from consciousness. Perhaps the most serious consequence of this move is that it encourages the concept of unconscious qualities. This idea is not entirely new (Cf. Rosenthal 2010; Marvan and Polák 2017 where they call it dual model), but its wider acceptance is confronted with a lack of clarity about the relationships between fundamental concepts involved in the unconscious qualities framework. The main aim is to briefly introduce the dual framework, the standard orthodoxy (no-unconscious-qualities view), and further elaborate on particular conceptual issues arising in connection with the involvement of the three basic concepts: phenomenality, what-it’s-likeness (WIL), and consciousness. I will thus attempt to reconsider three types of conceptual relations: 1) phenomenality to WIL, 2) consciousness to phenomenality, and 3) consciousness to WIL. The chapter will address, among other things, two pressing issues that the dual framework entails, namely the status of consciousness and the distinction between unconscious qualities and WIL.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter 10 Troubles with the Orthogonality Thesis (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This chapter evaluates some basic assumptions behind the “dual” theories of phenomenal consciousness and finds them problematic for at least some examples of conscious episodes. Because the dual theories claim to be universalist in nature, even small number of counterexamples damages their status. I will present evidence, both empirical and conceptual, that demonstrates untenability of the dualist assumptions that conscious phenomenality and its unconscious counterpart possess essentially the same qualities. In doing so, I will primarily attack the claim that is shared by many dual theorists that the procedure responsible for bringing phenomenal content into consciousness serves this sole function and does not influence phenomenal qualities of content. I use the term orthogonality, first introduced in Vosgerau et al. (2008), as a convenient shortcut for the conception in which consciousness and content come unproblematically apart. I will conclude by hinting at an alternative proposal that explains emergence of conscious phenomenality as a single step operation.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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