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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent years, an increasing number of surveys have definitively confirmed the seasonal presence of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in highly productive regions of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite this, very little is yet known about the routes that the species seasonally follows within the Mediterranean basin and, particularly, in the Ionian area. The present study assesses for the first time fin whale acoustic presence offshore Eastern Sicily (Ionian Sea), throughout the processing of about 10 months of continuous acoustic monitoring. The recording of fin whale vocalizations was made possible by the cabled deep-sea multidisciplinary observatory, “NEMO-SN1”, deployed 25 km off the Catania harbor at a depth of about 2,100 meters. NEMO-SN1 is an operational node of the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) Research Infrastructure. The observatory was equipped with a low-frequency hydrophone (bandwidth: 0.05 Hz–1 kHz, sampling rate: 2 kHz) which continuously acquired data from July 2012 to May 2013. About 7,200 hours of acoustic data were analyzed by means of spectrogram display. Calls with the typical structure and patterns associated to the Mediterranean fin whale population were identified and monitored in the area for the first time. Furthermore, a background noise analysis within the fin whale communication frequency band (17.9–22.5 Hz) was conducted to investigate possible detection-masking effects. The study confirms the hypothesis that fin whales are present in the Ionian Sea throughout all seasons, with peaks in call detection rate during spring and summer months. The analysis also demonstrates that calls were more frequently detected in low background noise conditions. Further analysis will be performed to understand whether observed levels of noise limit the acoustic detection of the fin whales vocalizations, or whether the animals vocalize less in the presence of high background noise.
    Description: Published
    Description: e0141838
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Whales ; Bioacoustics ; Background noise (acoustics) ; Acoustic signals ; Sperm whales ; Vocalization ; Acoustics ; Data acquisition ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Cerci ; Multimodal ; Near-field ; Acoustics ; Communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wing movements associated with stridulation by the male during cricket courtship generate air movements that have been proposed to serve as signals to the female. We assessed this putative signaling role by interfering with the presumed communications channel in two ways: (1) by removing the female's cerci, which are candidate sensory organs for signal reception, and (2) by trimming the male's forewings and thus manipulating the signal itself. We measured the effects of these treatments on the probability and latency with which females mounted courting males. We found that neither treatment affected female mounting behavior. This was true both for old, highly motivated females and for younger females, which are less highly motivated and possibly more selective. We conclude that air movements play little or no role as signals that release female mounting behavior during courtship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 447-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Hearing ; Middle ear ; Cat family ; Body size ; Acoustics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Is the acoustic performance of the mammalian middle ear dependent on body size? We focus on the cat family, because of its qualitatively uniform (and distinctive) middle-ear structure, large size range, and the extensive data available from domestic cats which provide a framework for relating middle-ear acoustics to structure. We report measurements of acoustic admittance in 17 live adult ears of 11 exotic species, ranging in size from sand cat (3 kg) to tiger (180 kg). For low frequencies, the middle-ear response is compliant for all species and generally increases with size. The compliance of the middle-ear air space increases with size, but the compliance of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain is not correlated with size. Structure-based rules are developed to represent some features of middle-ear performance: (1) low-frequency sensitivity increases with size; and (2) the frequency of a prominent notch in admittance decreases with size. Although some species deviate from the rules, the data generally support the idea that in larger felids the middle-ear response is shifted to lower frequencies. Thus, in the cat family, body size partly describes variations in auditory features. More speculatively, ethological pressures which might influence hearing performance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 18 (1996), S. 459-486 
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Acoustics ; backscattering ; sonar image ; multibeam echo sounder ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Since early 1991, the EM12 dual multibeam echo sounder mounted on R/V L'Atalante has been mainly used for regional mapping and more particularly for EEZ exploration. The acoustic imagery data, which is collected at the same time as the multibeam soundings, and positioned with the same accuracy, illustrates the variability of the acoustic interface. The working principles of the multibeam echo souder are at rirst presented. The backscattering phenomena are then considered, where the echo structure is interpreted in terms of insonified area, propagation loss and backscattering strength; the latter, especially important for the seafloor acoustical characterization, is described as contributions from the interface roughness and the volume inhomogeneities. Problems associated with the seafloor type interpretation from the backscattered level data are briefly evoked. Then, the various operations associated with ‘mosaic’ computations are presented, describing the transition from the original time signals to the final image usable by geologists. Three examples, selected from a large set of data collected by IFREMER for SOPAC (SOPACMAPS Project) and the Territory of New Caledonia (ZoNéCo Project), both in late 1993, show that there are well differentiated acoustic reflectivity levels. After a description of their regional geological environment, the three examples are presented with the main results. These reflectivities, not yet calibrated in terms of field truth, are tentatively related to the previous existing data on the nature of the bottom and to the basic rules of marine sedimentology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 5 (1974), S. 137-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Electromagnetic analogies ; Acoustic boundary-value problem ; Equivalent network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By utilizing an analogy with electromagnetic theory, a transmission-line representation is derived for acoustic waves in a lossless, isotropic medium. The results are used to construct a general network for a planar welded interface that tightly binds two different media. Equivalent networks for a large class of boundary conditions at a planar interface are then obtained by means of straightforward simplifications of the general equivalent network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 1 (1973), S. 317-329 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: Piezoelectric transducers ; Ultrasonics ; Acoustics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The theory of piezoelectric transducer vibrations, which may be treated as onedimensional, is developed in detail for thin discs vibrating in a pure thickness extensional mode. An effort has been made to obtain relations of general validity, which include losses, and which are in a simple explicit form convenient for practical calculations. The behaviour of transducers is discussed with special attention to their characteristics at the two fundamental frequencies, the so-called parallel and series resonances. Several peculiarities occur when transducers are coupled to media with considerably different acoustic impedances. These peculiarities are discussed and illustrated by numerical results for quartz and PZT 4 piezoelectric discs radiating into water, air and liquid hydrogen. The application of the theory to different types of vibrations is briefly illustrated for thin bars vibrating longitudinally. Short discussions are included on compound transducer systems, and on the properties of thin discs as receivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 14 (1976), S. 653-659 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Pneumograph ; Tidal volume ; Thoracic impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Un son de 200 Hz élaboré par un générateur d'ondes sinusoïdales a été utilisé pour surveiller la respiration. On a fait passer le son de la bouche au poumon, et le son émis a été détecté à travers la cage thoracique par un microphone de phonocardiogramme installé sur la paroi de la poitrine. La tension de sortie du microphone, représentée par sa valeur moyenne absolue, a varié en fonction de la respiration du sujet. Par rapport au volume aspiratoire ou expiratoire des gaz obtenus par une méthode classique, on a démontré que la variation de la sortie était proportionnelle à la modification du volume des gaz pulmonaires. Notre pneumographe acoustique nous a permis de mesurer non seulement les changements dans le volume des gaz pulmonaires, mais aussi la variation du niveau expiratoire terminal. On a examiné aussi les mécanismes des variations de la sortie et la linéarité du dispositif.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein Ton von 200 Hz von einem Sinuswellen-Generator wurde zur überwachung der Atmung verwendet. Der Ton wurde vom Mund in die Lunge geleitet, und das übertragene Geräusch wurde durch den Brustkorb über ein Phonokardiogramm-Mikrofon abgehört, das auf die Brustkorbwand gelegt wurde. Die Ausgangsspannung des Mikrofons, die durch ihren absoluten Mittelwert dargestellt wurde, änderte sich mit der Atmung des Patienten. Verglichen mit dem Gasvolumen bei der Einatmung oder Ausatmung, das durch ein konventionelles Verfahren erhalten wurde, zeigte es sich, daß die Änderung in der Ausgangsspannung proportional zur Änderung des Lungengasvolumens war. Mit unserem akustischen Pneumographen war es möglich, nicht nur die Änderung im Lungengasvolumen zu messen, sondern auch die Äanderung in der Stärke der Endausatmung. Der Mechanismus der Äanderungen in der Ausgangsspannung und die Linearität dieses Geräts wurden ebenfalls überprüft.
    Notes: Abstract A 200 Hz tone from a sinewave generator was utilised to monitor respiration. The sound was led into the lung from the mouth and the transmitted sound was detected through the thoracic cage by a phonocardiogram microphone fixed on the chest wall. The microphone output voltage, represented by its absolute mean value, varied with the respiration of the subject. Compared with the inspiratory or expiratory gas volume obtained by a conventional method, it was shown that the variation in the output was proportional to the change in pulmonary gas volume. With our acoustic pneumograph, it was possible to measure not only the change in pulmonary gas volume but also the variation in the end-expiratory level. The mechanisms of the changes in the output and the linearity of this device were also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Diagnostic ; Instrumentation ; Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Les maladies arthritiques restent la cause la plus courante de troubles non mortels mais paralysants. Elles sont responsables de nombreuses heures de travail perdu. Le besoin de développer des outils pour détecter et maîtriser la maladie dès le début, est devenu plus urgent, à cause de la priorité accordée à certaines formes d'arthrite des personnes du troisième âge et du taux de longévité accru, en général, dans notre société. Toutefois, il n'existe pas actuellement d'outils cliniques non invasibles, qui puissent fournir une évaluation objective de la condition du cartilage articulaire pendant le développement de la maladie. Malheureusement, celui-ci est transparent à la radio, et la radiographie ne donne que des renseignementspost facto. Récemment, fut développée une technique electro-acoustique non invasible, qui donne une mesure objective de la condition du cartilage endommagé, grâce à la mesure de la puissance acoustique émise au niveau du genou. La fiabilité de cette méthode fut vérifiée in vivo sur des animaux, en modelant la maladie. Cette technique est d'un intérêt immédiat pour les médecins cliniciens, qui ont un besoin urgent d'un ‘outil’ plus objectif pour déterminer l'efficacité de certains médicaments ou des programmes de traitement de la maladie.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Arthritiserkrankungen sind noch immer die häufigsten Ursachen nichttötlich wirkender, krüppelnder Leiden. Ihnen sind viele verlorene Arbeitsstunden zuzuschreiben. Aufgrund des Vorherrschens einiger Formen von Arthritis bei den älteren Altersgruppen und der zunehmenden Langlebigkeit unserer Gesellschaft, wird die Notwendigkeit, Werkzeuge zur Früherkennung und Beobachtung zu entwickeln, immer dringlicher. Jedoch gibt es zur Zeit keine nichtangreifenden, klinischen Werkzeuge, die eine objektive Bewertung des Gelenkknorpelzustands während des Krankheitprozesses ermöglichen. Leider ist der Gelenkknorpel strahlendurchlässig und ergibt beim Röntgen nur eine post facto Information. Vor kurzem wurde eine nichtangreifende, elektroakustische Technik entwickelt, die ein objektives Maß an Beschädigung des Knorpels durch die durch das Knie gemessene und abgegebene akustische Kraft ergibt. Die Zuverlässigkeit dieses Vorgangs wurde durch einen in vivo Modellversuch mit dieser Krankheit an Tieren belegt. Diese Technik weckt sofort das Interesse aller Internisten, die dringend ein objektiveres Werkzeug benötigen, um die Wirkung bestimmter Medikamente und/oder Behandlungsprogramme während des Krankheitsverlaufs feststellen zu können.
    Notes: Abstract The arthritides continue to be the most common cause of non-fatal, crippling disorders. They account for many hours of lost work time. Because of the preference for some forms of arthritis for the older age groups and the increasing longevity of our society, the need to develop tools for early detection and monitoring are becoming more urgent. However, at present there are no noninvasive, clinical tools available that would provide an objective evaluation of the condition of the articular cartilage during the progress of the disease. Unfortunately, articular cartilage is radiolucent and X-ray gives onlypost facto information. Recently, a noninvasive electroacoustical technique was developed which gives an objective measure of the degree of cartilage damage through the measurement of knee emitted acoustic power. The reliability of the procedure was verified throughin vivo modelling of the disease using animals. This technique is of immediate interest to clinicians who urgently need a more objective ‘tool’ in the determination of the efficacy of certain drugs and/or treatment programmes during the course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 40 (2000), S. 242-247 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Keywords: Acoustics ; damping ; instruments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for determining the tone quality of a classical guitar is described. The method is applied to several high- and low-quality classical guitars. In comparison to bad tones, the timbre of good tones consists of stronger consonant (pleasant) and weaker dissonant (unpleasant) intervals. This empirical criterion of tone quality is called the rule of consonance-dissonance (RC-D). The RC-D is defined mathematically and interpreted in physical and musical terms. The RC-D allows a luthier to pursue systematically the tone quality during guitar production and to improve the instrument's tone after its assembly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 330-333 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Control switch ; Handicapped
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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