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  • Hydrothermal vent  (4)
  • Acoustics  (3)
  • Bacteria  (3)
  • DMS  (3)
  • Background noise (acoustics)
  • Inter-Research  (11)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1
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    Vertical, lateral and temporal structure in larval distributions at hydrothermal vents (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 293 (2005): 1-16, doi:10.3354/meps293001.
    Description: We examined larval abundance patterns near deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise to investigate how physical transport processes and larval behavior may interact to influence larval dispersal from, and supply to, vent populations. We characterized vertical and lateral distributions and temporal variation of larvae of vent species using high-volume pumps that recovered larvae in good condition (some still alive) and in high numbers (up to 450 individuals sample–1). Moorings supported pumps at heights of 1, 20, and 175 m above the seafloor, and were positioned directly above and at 10s to 100s of meters away from vent communities. Sampling was conducted on 4 cruises between November 1998 and May 2000. Larvae of 22 benthic species, including gastropods, a bivalve, polychaetes, and a crab, were identified unequivocally as vent species, and 15 additional species, or species-groups, comprised larvae of probable vent origin. For most taxa, abundances decreased significantly with increasing height above bottom. When vent sites within the confines of the axial valley were considered, larval abundances were significantly higher on-vent than off, suggesting that larvae may be retained within the valley. Abundances of all vent species varied significantly among sample dates; the variation was not synchronized among taxa, except for consistently low abundances during November 1998. Lateral distributions did not vary among major larval groups (gastropods, polychaetes and bivalves), although polychaetes showed anomalously high abundances off-vent at 1 m above bottom. Lateral patterns also did not vary among species of gastropods, indicating that hydrodynamic processes may be transporting diverse species in similar ways. However, the species-level differences in temporal patterns indicate that there is substantial discontinuity in the abundance of individual species at vent communities, possibly due to timing of spawning and/or behavioral interactions with flow.
    Description: Funding was provided by NSF grants OCE-961905 and OCE-9712233 to L.S.M., a WHOI Postdoctoral fellowship through the Doherty Foundation and NSERC Discovery Grant to A.M., and a NSERC postdoctorate fellowship to H.L.H.
    Keywords: Hydrothermal vent ; East Pacific Rise ; Larva ; Dispersal ; Connectivity ; Bathymodiolus thermophilus ; Lepetodrilus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    Studying the behaviour and sensory ecology of marine mammals using acoustic recording tags : a review (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 395 (2009): 55-73, doi:10.3354/meps08255.
    Description: Many marine animals use sound passively or actively for communication, foraging, predator avoidance, navigation, and to sense their environment. The advent of acoustic recording tags has allowed biologists to get the on-animal perspective of the sonic environment and, in combination with movement sensors, to relate sounds to the activities of the tagged animal. These powerful tools have led to a wide range of insights into the behaviour of marine animals and have opened new opportunities for studying the ways they interact with their environment. Acoustic tags demand new analysis methods and careful experimental design to optimize the consistency between research objectives and the realistic performance of the tags. Technical details to consider are the suitability of the tag attachment to a given species, the accuracy of the tag sensors, and the recording and attachment duration of the tag. Here we consider the achievements, potential, and limitations of acoustic recording tags in studying the behaviour, habitat use and sensory ecology of marine mammals, the taxon to which this technology has been most often applied. We examine the application of acoustic tags to studies of vocal behaviour, foraging ecology, acoustic tracking, and the effects of noise to assess both the breadth of applications and the specific issues that arise in each.
    Description: Funding for the review came from the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. The DTAG work described here has been supported by the Mineral Management Service, Office of Naval Research, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Navy N45, Packard Foundation and others.
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Tag ; Marine mammal ; Foraging ; Tracking ; Behaviour ; Effects of noise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 53 (2008): 21-38, doi:10.3354/ame01230.
    Description: We now have a relatively good idea of how bulk microbial processes shape the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the sea. The advent of the molecular biology era in microbial ecology has resulted in advanced knowledge about the diversity of marine microorganisms, suggesting that we might have reached a high level of understanding of carbon fluxes in the oceans. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are large gaps in the understanding of the role of bacteria in regulating carbon fluxes. These gaps may result from methodological as well as conceptual limitations. For example, should bacterial production be measured in the light? Can bacterial production conversion factors be predicted, and how are they affected by loss of tracers through respiration? Is it true that respiration is relatively constant compared to production? How can accurate measures of bacterial growth efficiency be obtained? In this paper, we discuss whether such questions could (or should) be addressed. Ongoing genome analyses are rapidly widening our understanding of possible metabolic pathways and cellular adaptations used by marine bacteria in their quest for resources and struggle for survival (e.g. utilization of light, acquisition of nutrients, predator avoidance, etc.). Further, analyses of the identity of bacteria using molecular markers (e.g. subgroups of Bacteria and Archaea) combined with activity tracers might bring knowledge to a higher level. Since bacterial growth (and thereby consumption of DOC and inorganic nutrients) is likely regulated differently in different bacteria, it will be critical to learn about the life strategies of the key bacterial species to achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial regulation of C fluxes. Finally, some processes known to occur in the microbial food web are hardly ever characterized and are not represented in current food web models. We discuss these issues and offer specific comments and advice for future research agendas.
    Description: Our work was supported by the following grants: NSF grant 0217282 (H.D.), Spanish MEC grant MODIVUS (J.M.G.), the Swedish Science Council (J.P.), the IEO time-series RADIALES programme (X.A.G.M.), the Earth and Life Science Division of the Dutch Science Foundation, ARCHIMEDES project, #835.20.023 (G.J.H.).
    Keywords: Carbon flux ; Microbial ecology ; Ocean ; Bacteria ; Protists ; Light ; Genomics ; Chemoautotrophy ; Models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Gradients in dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoxide, and bacteria near the sea surface (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 295 (2005): 33-42, doi:10.3354/meps295033.
    Description: Gradients of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and bacterial numbers and diversity from the surface microlayer to 500 cm depth were assessed in coastal waters surrounding the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, Massachusetts, USA. Microlayer samples were collected with a surface skimmer: a partially submerged, rotating glass cylinder (‘drum’) that allows the collection of a thin layer of water by adherence to the drum. A depletion of DMS towards the water surface (10 cm) was found at all sampling days, with largest gradients during rough sea surface conditions. The steep gradients show that gas fluxes and transfer velocities, based on the concentration disequilibrium between the water and the atmosphere, need to be based on near surface gas concentration values. Elevated DMSP, DMSO concentrations and bacterial numbers were found at the sea surface during calm conditions. Although degassing and photo-oxidation on the skimmer will bias the microlayer data, the results indicate stratification of DMSP, DMSO and bacteria during periods of smooth sea surface conditions.
    Description: We also thank the postdoctoral scholar program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the J. Seward Johnson Fund.
    Keywords: Marine sulfur ; Bacteria ; Depth profiles ; Microlayer sampling ; Coastal waters ; DMS ; DMSP ; DMSO
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Colonisation of newly-opened habitat by a pioneer species, Alvinella pompejana (Polychaeta: Alvinellidae), at East Pacific Rise vent sites (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 302 (2005): 147-157, doi:10.3354/meps302147.
    Description: Animal communities on the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys are distributed in mosaics of patches that may evolve as local environmental conditions change and biological interactions develop. Alvinella pompejana Desbruyères et Laubier, 1980 is one of the first metazoan colonisers of new surfaces created by mineral precipitation, and therefore may be particularly important in community establishment in active parts of smokers. Here our goal was to investigate the colonisation mechanisms of A. pompejana in new patches and determine whether these mechanisms may influence population structure and reproductive patterns in this species. We deployed a series of TRAC (Titanium Ring for Alvinellid Colonisation) devices at East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent sites to compare the size and stage (i.e. reproductive maturity) distribution of A. pompejana individuals between recently colonised patches (TRACs) and established patches (grabbed by submersible). TRACs deployed for short time periods (11 d to 1 mo) were generally colonised by smaller individuals than those found in background populations or in TRACs deployed for longer time periods (〉1 mo). Colonists into new patches were a mix of juveniles and individuals that were sexually mature but non-reproductive (i.e. not producing gametes), whereas background population and older patches harboured a mixture of individuals at different stages including reproductive females. Although some individuals may have recruited on TRACs as larvae, the major colonisation process involved was probably immigration of post-larval stages. In long-term TRAC, reproductive females were not reproductively synchronised. In this dynamic environment, reproduction would be triggered by the disturbance/migration processes, explaining the heterogeneity observed in reproductive patterns.
    Description: The research was funded by INSU, CNRS, IFREMER, Dorsales and NSF grant OCE-9712233 to L.S.M.
    Keywords: Polychaete ; Hydrothermal vent ; Deep-sea ; Reproduction ; Experimental colonisation ; Patch distribution ; Migration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Epifaunal community structure associated with Riftia pachyptila aggregations in chemically different hydrothermal vent habitats (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 305 (2005): 67-77, doi:10.3354/meps305067.
    Description: The vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (Polychaeta: Sibloglinidae) often dominates early succession stages and high productivity habitats at low-temperature hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise. We collected 8 aggregations of R. pachyptila and the associated epifaunal community at 2 discrete sites of diffuse hydrothermal activity, in December 2001 and December 2002. Because of the high spatial and temporal variability of the biotic and abiotic factors related to hydrothermal vent activity, significant differences in the structure and the composition of the community were expected to occur at the scale of either 1 yr or 500 m distance between very different sites. There was no significant difference in the temperature ranges of the diffuse flow between sites or years, even though the environmental conditions were very different at the 2 sites. At 1 site (Riftia Field), the diffuse hydrothermal fluids had relatively low concentrations of sulfide, low pH, and high concentrations of iron. At the other site (Tica), the diffuse hydrothermal fluids had higher sulfide concentrations, the pH was closer to neutral, and iron was undetectable. The physiological condition of R. pachyptila appeared to reflect the availability of sulfide at each site. However, the structure and the composition of the epifaunal community were remarkably similar between sites and years, with the exception of a few species. Aggregations of R. pachyptila support high local species diversity relative to the surrounding seafloor and high community similarity in different hydrothermal vent habitats.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0002729 to C.R.F.). Additional financial support was provided by IFREMER and the European Community (Ventox project EVK3- 1999-00056P to N.L.B) and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF P16774-B03 to M. Bright).
    Keywords: Hydrothermal vent ; East Pacific Rise ; Riftia pachyptila ; Community structure ; Epifauna ; Benthos
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  • 7
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    Minor revision to V4 region SSU rRNA 806R gene primer greatly increases detection of SAR11 bacterioplankton (2015)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Aquatic Microbial Ecology 75 (2015): 129-137, doi:10.3354/ame01753.
    Description: High-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes from marine environments is a widely applied method used to uncover the composition of microbial communities. We conducted an analysis of surface ocean waters with the commonly employed hypervariable 4 region SSU rRNA gene primers 515F and 806R, and found that bacteria belonging to the SAR11 clade of Alphaproteobacteria, a group typically making up 20 to 40% of the bacterioplankton in this environment, were greatly underrepresented and comprised 〈4% of the total community. Using the SILVA reference database, we found a single nucleotide mismatch to nearly all SAR11 subclades, and revised the 806R primer so that it increased the detection of SAR11 clade sequences in the database from 2.6 to 96.7%. We then compared the performance of the original and revised 806R primers in surface seawater samples, and found that SAR11 comprised 0.3 to 3.9% of sequences with the original primers and 17.5 to 30.5% of the sequences with the revised 806R primer. Furthermore, an investigation of seawater obtained from aquaria revealed that SAR11 sequences acquired with the revised 806R primer were more similar to natural cellular abundances of SAR11 detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization counts. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a minor adjustment to the 806R primer will greatly increase detection of the globally abundant SAR11 clade in marine and lake environments, and enable inclusion of this important bacterial lineage in experimental and environmental-based studies.
    Description: This project was supported by NSF award OCE-1233612 to A.A. with contributions from BIOS Grant in aid award to S.McN. and NSF Oceanic Microbial Observatory OCE-0801991 subcontract to BIOS managed by R.P.
    Keywords: SSU rRNA gene ; 16S ; SAR11 ; Bacteria ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization ; FISH
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 322 (2006): 239-248, doi:10.3354/meps322239.
    Description: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) synthesized by marine phytoplankton is the principal source of dimethylsulfide (DMS), an important climate-affecting gas. Prior research has demonstrated that grazing by invertebrate phytoplanktivores often affects the dynamics of DMS production from algal DMSP, but the effects of grazing by phytoplanktivorous fish have not previously been investigated. We studied the fate of algal DMSP following grazing by juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (13 cm fork length), which are generally viewed as the most specialized for phytoplanktivory of all postlarval fish. The menhaden were fed the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans, containing 1 to 2 pmol DMSP cell–1. During the first 24 h following ingestion of algal DMSP, almost none of the DMSP (ca. 1%) appeared as DMS. About 21% of ingested DMSP appeared in the water column as dissolved DMSP, peaking in concentration 9 to 11 h after feeding; in natural settings, this fraction would be poised for microbial metabolism, including potential conversion to DMS in surface waters from which outgassing to the atmosphere could occur. About 10% of ingested DMSP appeared in fecal pellets that tended to sink rapidly toward the bottom of the tanks. About 33% of ingested DMSP was deposited in the tissues of the menhaden, in particular in the red and white swimming muscles, in which we observed concentrations exceeding 0.7 µmol g–1. This final fraction could ultimately be metabolized to DMS, or it could be passed up food chains and possibly act as a taste factor in commercially important piscivores such as striped bass and bluefish. In total, our research demonstrated that at least two-thirds of the ingested DMSP ends up in tissues or feces or in solution in the ambient water in the first 24 h after feeding, and virtually none is converted to ambient DMS during that time period.
    Description: Financial support came from Michigan State University (R.W.H. sabbatical) and National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences Grant nos. OCE-9411497 and OCE-9102532.
    Keywords: Dimethylsulfide ; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate ; Menhaden ; DMS ; DMSP ; Brevoortia tyrannus ; Taste factor ; Phytoplanktivory
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  • 9
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    Tubeworm-associated permanent meiobenthic communities from two chemically different hydrothermal vent sites on the East Pacific Rise (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 337 (2007): 39-49, doi:10.3354/meps337039.
    Description: The permanent meiobenthic community associated with aggregations of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila was characterized at 2 different hydrothermal vent sites, Tica and Riftia Field, on the East Pacific Rise near 9°50’N. The maximum effluent temperatures were similar at both sites, but the chemistry of the hydrothermal fluids differed between sites. The abundance of meiobenthos was very low in 5 out of 6 samples (〈61 ind. 10 cm–2) and was higher at Tica (20 to 976 ind. 10 cm–2) than at Riftia Field (〈1 to 12 ind. 10 cm–2). Meiobenthos abundance was positively correlated with the volume of sediment within the tubeworm aggregations. Sediment consisted mainly of particulate organic material and contained only a few mineral grains. A total of 33 meiobenthic species (15 of them new to science) was identified, comprising nematodes, copepods, ostracods, tanaidaceans, and foraminiferans. The meiobenthic fauna contributed a third to the total species richness in the benthic community associated with these tubeworm aggregations. There were 19 meiobenthic species shared between the 2 sites. The majority of meiobenthic species were first-order primary consumers. The most abundant taxa were nematodes and copepods, and other taxa were rare at both sites. Nematodes numerically dominated the community at Tica, while no clear dominance of a higher taxon could be detected at Riftia Field. Species richness was similar at both sites, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index were higher at Riftia Field. Due to the differences in the relative abundance of some species and unique occurrence of others at each site, the meiobenthic communities from the 2 different sites had an average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of almost 70%.
    Description: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation grant FWF (P16774-B03 to M.B.), US National Science Foundation grant (OCE-0002729 to C.R.F.), Ifremer and the European Community (Ventox project EVK3-1999-00056P to N.L.B.), and the International Office Vienna and Promotion Grants from the University of Vienna (to J.Z. and S.G.).
    Keywords: Meiobenthos ; Meiofauna ; Hydrothermal vent ; East Pacific Rise ; Nematodes ; Copepods ; Community study ; Riftia pachyptila
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Environmental correlates of blue and fin whale call detections in the North Pacific Ocean from 1997 to 2002 (2011)
    Inter-Research
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 395 (2009): 37-53, doi:10.3354/meps08362.
    Description: A 6 yr time series of blue whale Balaenoptera musculus and fin whale B. physalus call detections in the North Pacific Ocean was correlated with 3 oceanographic variables (sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and mixed layer depth), to investigate the broad-scale calling behavior of these species. Monthly values for satellite-derived oceanographic data and whale call data were compared for 4 regions (30° longitude by 15° of latitude) encompassing the whole subarctic North Pacific and an area in the temperate northeastern Pacific. To determine predictive models for whale call occurrence, generalized linear models were used to determine which, if any, oceanographic variables might influence whale calling behavior over such broad space and time scales. Sea-surface temperature was the best oceanographic variable for predicting whale call detections for both species and all regions.
    Description: Funding over the years was provided by SERDP through SPAWAR (D. Conlon), the Marine Mammal Program of the Office of Naval Research (R. Gisiner, N00014- 96-1-1130), the Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Program N45 (F. Stone and E. Young), the US Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026), funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program and from the Naval Postgraduate School (C. Collins, N00244-07-1-0017 to K.M.S. and N00244-07-1-0014 to M.A.D.).
    Keywords: Blue whale ; Fin whale ; North Pacific ; Acoustics ; Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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