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  • Acoustic signals
  • Vocalization
  • Springer  (9)
  • Public Library of Science  (1)
  • 1
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    Annual Acoustic Presence of Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Offshore Eastern Sicily, Central Mediterranean Sea (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent years, an increasing number of surveys have definitively confirmed the seasonal presence of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in highly productive regions of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite this, very little is yet known about the routes that the species seasonally follows within the Mediterranean basin and, particularly, in the Ionian area. The present study assesses for the first time fin whale acoustic presence offshore Eastern Sicily (Ionian Sea), throughout the processing of about 10 months of continuous acoustic monitoring. The recording of fin whale vocalizations was made possible by the cabled deep-sea multidisciplinary observatory, “NEMO-SN1”, deployed 25 km off the Catania harbor at a depth of about 2,100 meters. NEMO-SN1 is an operational node of the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) Research Infrastructure. The observatory was equipped with a low-frequency hydrophone (bandwidth: 0.05 Hz–1 kHz, sampling rate: 2 kHz) which continuously acquired data from July 2012 to May 2013. About 7,200 hours of acoustic data were analyzed by means of spectrogram display. Calls with the typical structure and patterns associated to the Mediterranean fin whale population were identified and monitored in the area for the first time. Furthermore, a background noise analysis within the fin whale communication frequency band (17.9–22.5 Hz) was conducted to investigate possible detection-masking effects. The study confirms the hypothesis that fin whales are present in the Ionian Sea throughout all seasons, with peaks in call detection rate during spring and summer months. The analysis also demonstrates that calls were more frequently detected in low background noise conditions. Further analysis will be performed to understand whether observed levels of noise limit the acoustic detection of the fin whales vocalizations, or whether the animals vocalize less in the presence of high background noise.
    Description: Published
    Description: e0141838
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Whales ; Bioacoustics ; Background noise (acoustics) ; Acoustic signals ; Sperm whales ; Vocalization ; Acoustics ; Data acquisition ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic structure of vocalization and stapedius muscle activity during vocal development in chickens (Gallus gallus) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Stapedius muscle ; Vocalization ; Vocal development ; Acoustic energy ; Vocal frequencies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The link between stapedius muscle activity and acoustic structure of vocalization was analysed in cocks of age 20–30 to 90–100 days old. The results show that stapedius muscle activation depends on the acoustic structure of vocalization and changes during vocal development. This dependence was observed in spontaneous calls and in vocalizations elicited by stimulating the mesencephalic “calling area”. In 30-day-old cocks stapedius muscle EMG response is never associated with vocalizations with an acoustic energy content which is always distributed at frequencies higher than 2000 Hz. The coupling between vocalization and stapedius muscle activity begins later, when birds produce vocalizations with acoustic energy shifted towards lower frequencies. Overall, stapedius muscle activity is related to a bird's production of high amplitude low frequencies. These results support the hypothesis that the primary role of the stapedius muscle during normal vocal development is to dampen the amplitude of low frequency energy that reaches the cochlea during vocalization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213529
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of extralaryngeal muscles in phonation of subhuman primates (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Vocalization ; External laryngeal muscles ; Hyoid muscles ; Electromyography ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. The electromyographic activity of eight external laryngeal and hyoid muscles was recorded during vocalization in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Calls of different types were elicited by electrical stimulation of the central grey of the midbrain in narcotized animals. 2. Peeping, a short, high-pitched call with minor frequency modulations, is associated with a marked activity in the cricothyroid, a moderate activity in the thyrohyoid, a weak activity in the sternohyoid and no activity in the sternothyroid, omohyoid, mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles. 3. Chuck, a short, plosive call with a steep frequency descent over several kHz, is associated with a marked activity in the cricothyroid, a moderate activity in the thyrohyoid, sternothyroid and mylohyoid, a weak activity in the sternohyoid and omohyoid, and no or rare activity in the anterior digastric and inferior pharyngeal constrictor, respectively. 4. Cackling, a long and loud call consisting of alternating high- and low-pitched elements which follow each other repetitively in a 12–14 Hz rhythm, is associated with a similar muscular activity pattern as chuck except that the sternohyoid activity is relatively stronger. 5. Cawing, a short low-pitched call with a fundamental frequency of 200–700 Hz, shows a moderate activity in the sternothyroid, an occasional activity in the thyrohyoid and no activity in the cricothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, anterior digastric and inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hearing in the FM-bat Phyllostomus discolor: a behavioral audiogram (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 178 (1996), S. 779-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Auditory thresholds ; Operant conditioning ; Vocalization ; Echolocation calls ; Chiroptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Absolute auditory thresholds of six adult lesser spear-nosed bats Phyllostomus discolor (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) were determined in a two-alternative forced-choice procedure. Behavioral responses to pure tone stimuli could be elicited throughout the tested frequency range of 5–142 kHz. The shape of the average audiogram is characterized by two sensitivity peaks and a pronounced increase of thresholds around 55 kHz, and towards the limits of the tested frequency range. The spectral extent of both sensitivity peaks shows a close relation to the bandwidth of two types of species-specific vocalizations. The first low threshold area (〉 10 and 〈 55 kHz) of the audiogram seems perfectly adapted to the directive call used for intraspecific communication, whereas the second sensitivity peak, centered around 85 kHz, covers most of the bandwidth of the species' echolocation calls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225826
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sharply tuned cochlear nerve ensemble periodicity responses to sonic and ultrasonic frequencies (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Periodicity pitch ; Tuning ; Cochlea ; Vocalization ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vertebrates are able to perceive the pitch of a series of harmonics, even when the fundamental frequency has been removed from the acoustic stimulus. Neural periodicity responses corresponding to the “missing fundamental” frequency of sonic stimuli have been observed in the auditory system of several animal species, including our own. This paper examines periodic cochlear neural responses of the gerbil. Periodicity responses to both sonic and ultrasonic stimuli originate within the cochlea of this animal. Acoustic stimuli, consisting of 2–12 successive harmonic frequencies, were used to generate an ensemble cochlear nerve periodicity response that was recorded from the round window of the cochlea. This response had a frequency equal to that of the missing fundamental, and not to those of the harmonic stimuli. Forward masking of the stimuli used to produce the periodicity response was used to generate sharp tuning curves, with tip frequencies corresponding to the harmonics and not to the periodicities. The sharpness of these functions increased as the frequencies of the harmonics increased, up to at least 38 kHz. This property could be related to reception of ultrasonic vocalizations utilized by many rodent species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tympanic sound radiation in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 438-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key wordsFrogs ; Eardrum ; Tympanic membrane ; Vocalization ; Anurans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Members of the Rana catesbeiana clade display sexually dimorphic eardrums. In this species assemblage the eardrum of males can be 50% larger than in females of the same body size. There has been, however, no apparent functional explanation for this dimorphism. Measurements of the acoustical coupling (transfer function) of internally generated sound to the enlarged eardrum of male bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) show distinct energy peaks coincident with those observed in the spectral envelopes of the release and mating calls. Moreover, when the tympanic membranes are artificially damped the spectrum of the release call is drastically altered and the total amount of power radiated decreases substantially. These observations point to a previously unsuspected role for the ears in the sound broadcasting process of the bullfrog and possibly other anurans with similarly modified tympanic membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050127
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing RoxAnn sonar data to improve its categorization of lake bed surficial substrates† (2000)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 21 (2000), S. 409-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Acoustic signals ; bathymetry ; bottom classification ; fish habitat ; Lake Superior ; lake trout ; multivariate statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To categorize spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout in Minnesota's near shore waters of Lake Superior, data was collected with a single beam echo sounder coupled with a RoxAnn bottom classification sensor. Test areas representative of the different bottom surficial substrates were sampled. The collected data consisted of acoustic signals which showed both depth and substrate type. The location of the signals was tagged in real-time with a DGPS. All data was imported into a GIS database. To better interpret the output signal from the RoxAnn, several pattern classifiers were developed by multivariate statistical method. From the data a detailed and accurate map of lake bed bathymetry and surficial substrate types was produced. This map will be of great value to fishery and other natural resource managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026525326823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory movements during vocalization in the squirrel monkey (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental biology online 1 (1997), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-3418
    Keywords: Vocalization ; Respiration ; Squirrel monkey ; Lung-pressure modulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Respiratory abdominal movements during vocalization were measured in awake squirrel monkeys during spontaneous and playback-induced vocal activity. Large vocalization-correlated respiratory movements (VCRM) starting before vocalization were observed during several call types, such as peeping, trilling, cackling and err-chuck. Purring, in contrast, was accompanied by only small VCRM that started late after vocal onset. VCRM during trilling, a call with marked frequency modulation, showed a modulation in the rhythm of the frequency changes. A correlation with amplitude modulation was also present but more variable. As high frequencies need a higher lung pressure for production than low frequencies, the modulation of VCRM seems to serve to optimize the lung pressure in relation to the vocalization frequency. The modulation, furthermore, may act as a mechanism to produce different trill variants. During err-chucks and staccato peeps, which show a large amplitude modulation, a non-modulated VCRM occurred. This indicates the existence of a laryngeal amplitude-controlling mechanism that is independent of respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-996-0009-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal spacing of breeding activity in the natterjack toad, Bufo calamita (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Bufo calamita ; Reproduction ; Temporal spacing ; Vocalization ; Migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The reproductive behaviour of the toad Bufo calamita was studied in a large population in the northern Rhineland, Germany. Toads bred at four spatially separated but neighbouring areas including 34 breeding ponds. Three methods were applied to monitor quantitatively the intensity of breeding and migratory activity: capture-mark-recapture, a mechanical tracking device, and radio-telemetry. In 1987 a twofold temporal spacing of breeding activity was observed: (1) division of the reproductive period into early, main, and late breeding periods; (2) subdivision of each breeding period into several short calling periods. Since weather conditions were favourable during most of the reproductive period, environmental factors contributed little (23.4%–41.0%) to the temporal variation in breeding intensity as shown by multivariate statistics. The period of vocalization (April to August) included the activity of three distinct male groups. The first group called from April to mid-May (2 calling periods), the second from May to early July (5 calling periods) and the third from mid-July to August (2 calling periods). Within a calling period most males stayed near their calling sites and migratory activity was low. Extensive movements were detected when a new group of males immigrated from the feeding regions to the breeding areas and males that had been calling previously emigrated, at least partly. However, exchange of males among the neighbouring breeding choruses were clearly audible. It is suggested that the energetic costs of vocalization impeded continuous calling activity in individuals and accounted for the periodical variations in chorus size. The short-time variations of breeding activity therefore probably reflect the physiological limits of toads in a situation where the weather permits continuous reproductive activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377035
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vocal communication of tonkean macaques in confined environments (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Vocalization ; Communication ; Tonkean macaque ; Sulawesi macaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vocal recordings of one semi-free-ranging group and one captive group of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) were used to establish the vocal repertoire of the species. Only the alpha male of the groups uttered a very distinctive loud call. Localization variants of coo calls were found. Alarm calls given by this species were acoustically similar to those by Japanese, rhesus, and long-tailed macaques (M. fuscata, M. mulatta, andM. fascicularis). Adult females uttered a specific variant of vocalizations during sexual morphological changes. The repertoire of agonistic vocalizations was more variable than that of any other macaque species investigated. These characteristics were discussed with reference to previous studies on vocalizations of macaque species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381388
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