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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6,215)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (682)
  • 1960-1964  (6,869)
  • 1900-1904  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of cast aluminium bronzesCast aluminium bronzes are cast alloys consisting of at least 70 pC copper, with aluminium as the principal alloying material. In the form of multi-alloy aluminium bronzes, they also contain iron, nickel, manganese and silicon. They are distinguished by a number of favourable properties, including a high corrosion resistance.Special, non-standard “Inoxyda” aluminium bronzes have been subjected to corrosion tests. The results show that the choice of the alloying materials must depend on the liquid media in contact with the materials. Fullest success in technical applications can only be attained if the metal becomes covered by a dense, adhesive and non- porous protective layer, depending on the material and liquid, respectively. Each individual case must therefore be carefully innvestigated.
    Notes: Guß-Aluminiumbronzen sind Gußlegierungen aus mindestens 70% Cu und dem Hauptlegierungszusatz Aluminium. Als Guß-Mehrstoff-Aluminiumbronzen enthalten sie außerdem noch Eisen, Nickel, Mangan sowie Silicium. Eine Reihe günstiger Eigenschaften zeichnen sie aus, darunter auch gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Von den Normen abweichende Sonder-Aluminiumbronzen „Inoxyda“ wurden für Korrosionsversuche verwendet. Aus deren Ergebnissen geht hervor, daß die Wahl der Legierungszusätze den flüssigen Medien zu treffen ist, die mit den Werkstoffen in Berührung kommen. Die beste Bewährung bei Einsatz in deu Technik wird nur dann erreicht, wenn sich auf dem Metall jeweils eine dichte, festhaftende und porenfreie werkstoff- bzw. flüssigkeitsgebundene Schutzschicht bildet. Jeder Einzelfall ist deshalb genau zu prüfen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 13-27 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acid-proof construction and acid protectionThe paper is intended to be a critical survey of the present state of acid protection technology. To distiguish them from “corrosion protection”, the notions of “acid-proof construction” and “acid protection” are defined. Because of the mechanical and thermal stresses which the bearing structure of the acid-proof construction must be expected to withstand, the subsoil must conform to very exacting requirements; these are discussed in detail for reinforced concrete and steel plate containers. There are, in principle, two methods of obtaining acid protection. The conventional method is based on the use of acid-proof bricks, laid with suitable mortars and jointing materials. The modern method is based on the exclusive use of plastics linings. The materials concerned are described in detail, together with their chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics which determine their application ranges. The paper is supplemented by two practical examples, concerned with the acid-proofing of floors and containers, respectively.
    Notes: Die Arbeit soll einen kritischen Überblick über den heutigen Stand der Säureschutztechnik geben. Zur Abgrenzung vom Korrosionsschutz werden die Begriffe „Säurebau“ und „Säureschutz“ definiert. Auf Grand einer zu erwartenden mechanischen und thermischen Belastung der Tragkonstruktion für den Säureschutz sind strenge Anforderungen an die Untergrundbeschaffenheit zu stellen, die bei Stahlbeton- und Stahlblechbehältern im einzelnen dargestellt werden. Es gibt zwei Methoden zur Herstellung eines Säureschutzes. Bei der klassischen Methode werden säurefeste Steine unter Verwendung von entsprechenden Verlege- und Verfugewerkstoffen eingesetzt, bei der neuzeitlichen Methode hingegen lediglich Kunststoffbeschichtungen. Die jeweils verwendeten Werkstoffe werden im einzelnen unter Angabe der chemischen, mechanischen und thermischen Stoffwerte und damit der Einsatzgrenzen beschrieben. Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele für die Herstellung eines Säureschutzes bei Fußböden bzw. bei Behältern ergänzen die Darlegungen.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The working conditions associated with the electrolytic deposition of lead from a new complex lead acetate-lead sulphate bathBy means of systematic series of tests, the optimum concentration of the bath constituents, temperature, PH value and current density were determined. The investigations also extended to the porosity and corrosion resistance of the lead coatings obtained. It was found that the lead coatings obtained from the complex lead acetate-lead sulphate bath are virtually free from pores if the layer is no thicker than about 12 microns; they are therefore highly resistant. The bath contents of complex dissolved lead sulphate and of organic substances have an important bearing on the deposition of homogeneous fine-grain coatings. The optimum limits for the composition of the bath and the working conditions for the lead bath are stated.
    Notes: Durch systematische Versuchsreihen wurden die optimale Konzentration der Badbestandteile sowie die Temperatur, der pH, Wert und die Stromdichte ermittelt. Auch die Porosität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit der erhaltenen Bleiüberzüge wurde untersucht. Dabei zeigte es sich, daß die aus dem komplexen Bleiacetat-Bleisulfatbad erhaltenen Bleiüberzüge bereits bei einer Schichtdicke von etwa 12 Mikron praktisch porenfrei und dadurch sehr beständig sind. Der Gehalt des Bades an komplex gelöstem Bleisulfat sowie an organischen Stoffen ist für die Abscheidung feinkörniger und gleichmäßiger Überzüge sehr wesentlich. Die optimalen Grenzen der Zusammensetzung des Bades und der Arbeitsbedingungen des Bleibades werden angeführt.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The utilisation of the Warburg technique for corrosion testsThe corrosion rates of some metals have been measured manometrically by means of the so-called Warburg technique. It was found that it is possible, with this method, to ascertain the corrosion rate with remarkable accuracy by means of shorttime tests. Some observations are made concerning the behaviour of zinc in sodium chloride and ammonium chloride solutions. In either case, there is no hydrogen evolution but merely a consumption of oxygen. The oxygen consumption at the reaction in aerated common salt solution agrees with the loss of weight of the zinc specimens. In ammonium chloride, however, the oxygen consumption amounts to about three times the equivalent quantity of zinc dissolved. It is assumed that hydroxylamine hydrochloride is generated in the process.
    Notes: Es wurden die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten einiger Metalle mit Hilfe der manometrischen sogenannten Warburg-Technik gemessen. Dabei hat sich ergeben, daß mit dieser Methode die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit kurzzeitig mit beachtlicher Genauigkeit aufgenommen werden kann. Es wurden einige Beobachtungen über das Verhalten von Zink in Natriumchlorid- und in Ammoniumchlorid-Lösungen mitgeteilt. In beiden Fällen wird kein Wasserstoff entwickelt, sondern lediglich Sauerstoff verbraucht. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch bei der Reaktion in belüfteter Kochsalzlösung stimmt mit der Gewichtsabnahme der Zinkproben überein. In Ammoniumchlorid-Lösung hingegen beträgt der Sauerstoffverbrauch etwa das 3fache der gelösten Zinkäquivalentenmenge. Es wird angenommen, daß dabei Hydroxylaminchlorhydrat entsteht.
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on transport processes during corrosionIn many cases of corrosion, the transport of the corroding agent or the removal of the corrosion products play an important part. After a discussion of the basic principles governing the transport of matter, a number of investigation methods are outlined. They include tests with rotating discs, flow tubes, and rotating cylinders. It is also shown that long-term immersion tests may be influenced by natural convection.The influence of the flow is examined on the strength of the example of the corrosion of nickel in hydrochloric acid solutions at a given partial pressure of oxygen. This investigation is carried out with a modified version of the rotating disc method, which takes into account the special requirements with corrosion tests. The results permit the conclusion that the investigated corrosion reaction depends on the transport as well as on the phase boundary reaction.In the last part of the paper, the transport rate with the circulation equipment used in practice is compared with that encountered with rotating discs and cylinders. It was found that it is possible to replace the conventional equipment by rotating discs and cylinders where the apparatus is considerably simpler.
    Notes: In vielen Korrosionsfällen spielt der Antransport des angreifenden Agens oder der Abtransport der Korrosionsprodukte eine bedeutende Rolle. Nach einer Erörterung der für den Stofftransport wichtigen Grundlagen werden eine Reihe von Untersuchungsmethoden besprochen. Es sind dies Versuche mit Hilfe der rotierenden Scheibe, dem durchströmten Rohr und dem rotierenden Zylinder. Auch wird gezeigt, daß Dauertauchversuche durch natürliche Konvektion beeinflußt sein können.Am Beispiel der Korrosion von Nickel in Salzsäurelösungen bei definiertem Sauerstoffpartialdruck wird der Einfluß der Strömung untersucht. Dabei kommt die Methode der rotierenden Scheibe in einer modifizierten Form zur Anwendung, die den speziellen Forderungen bei Korrosionsuntersuchungen Rechnung trägt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, daß die untersuchte Korrosionsreaktion sowohl vom Transport als auch von der Phasengrenzreaktion abhängt.Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wird die Transportgeschwindigkeit bei den in der Praxis verwendeten Umlaufapparaturen einerseits mit der an rotierenden Scheiben und Zylindern andererseits verglichen. Das Ergebnis ist, daß sich Umlaufapparaturen durch die in ihrem apparativen Aufbau wesentlich einfacheren rotierenden Scheiben und Zylinder ersetzen lassen.
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 89-91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 94-96 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 101-103 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 104-105 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 107-109 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 116-119 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. I 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 129-132 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic research on the problem of oxidation of metals in a fused salt bathThe results of recent research indicate that the oxidation of silver in molten sodium chloride is not exclusively governed by the presence of oxygen in the metall bath system. Another important factor is the reduction of sodium ions which entails the formation of silver ions, with the metallic sodium either being vaporized or forming an alloy with the silver. The rate of attack is also influenced by the temperature gradient in the bath, or at the surface exposed to the attack.
    Notes: Die Ergebnisse neuerer Untersuchungen deuten darauf bin, daß die Oxydation van Silber in geschmolzenem Natriumchlorid nicht ausschließlich durch die Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff im System Metall/Schmelze bestimmt ist. Der andere wichtige Faktor ist die Reduktion von Natriumionen, wobei Silberionen entstehen und das metallische Natrium entweder verdampft mit dem Silber eine Legierung bildet. Die Geschwindigkeit des Angriffs wird außerdem beeinflußt durch Temperaturgradienten in der Schmelze, bzw. in der dem Angriff ausgesetzten Oberfläche.
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 132-150 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The economics of materials selection and corrosion prevention in chemical industriesAfter a brief review of the magnitude of different material and corrosion prevention requirements in chemical industries the need for systematic economic studies is stressed in order to avoid the drawbacks from mere technical comparisons of alternatives. Corrosion science has grown to such an extension and complexity that specialized and separate organizational groups for materials and corrosion engineering functions are justified within chemical pompanies which are large enough. In practice this group is located mostly within the project engineering department of the general engineering division. A main section of this article contributes to various aspects of materials selection and protection of new process plants, and consideration is given, in somedetail, to problems of chemical process design, materials selection itself, design of process equipment, manufacturing of equipment, construction of chemical plant and layout of plant and equipment. The methods of economic evaluation of project alternatives are outlined, including comparison of first costs, operating costs and different yardsticks of rate of return calculations. Examples for the calculations are added. The discussion of the methods of economic protection of process plant equipment during plant operation is devoted to subjects like establishment and control of plant-wide corrosion patterns and corrosion rates, technical comparison of suitable protective coating systems, economic comparison and analysis of these different systems and the general control, planning and organization of the co-ordinated activities against atmospheric corrosion.
    Notes: Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die vielfältigen Anforderungen an die in der chemischen Industrie einzusetzenden Werkstoffe sowie über die erforderlichen Maßnahmen des aktiven und passiven Korrosionsschutzes wird auf die Notwendigkeit systematischer Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleiche zur Ausschaltung der Heterogenität der technischen Daten hingewiesen. Die heutige Ausdehnung und Komplizierung des Fachgebietes legt bei hinreichender Betriebsgröße in den Chemiebetrieben eine Spezialisierung und organisatorische Verselbständigung nahe. Nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen wird die Eingliederung innerhalb der Projektabteilung der technischen Verwaltung bevorzugt. Ein Hauptabschnitt des Aufsatzes befaßt sich mit Werkstoff- und Korrosionsgesichtspunkten bei der Projektierung von Neuanlagen, wobei die chemische und verfahrenstechnische Festlegung des Prozesses, die Werkstoffauswahl selbst, die Konstruktion der Anlagen, Verarbeitungsverfahren der Werkstoffe und Montagetechnik sowie die Standortwahl behandelt werden. Anschließend werden die geeigneten Methoden der Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung bei der Projektierung erörtert, nämlich der Vergleich der Anschaffungskosten, der Kostenvergleich sowie der Vergleich verschiedener Rentabilitätskennziffern, wobei die Rechenmethoden durch Beispiele belegt werden. Eine Betrachtung über die Wirtschaftlichkeit van Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen im laufenden Betrieb schließt folgende Teilgebiete ein: Ermittlung und laufende Beobachtung der atmosphärischen Angriffsbedingungen im Werksbereich, Festlegung und technischer Vergleich der geeigneten Korrosionsschutzsysteme, Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich der Korrosionsschutzsysteme, allgemeine laufende Wirtschaftlichkeitskontrolle des atmosphärischen Korrosionsschutzes, Maßnahmen der Planung und Organisation.
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  • 19
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 163-171 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 172-173 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 181-181 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 186-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 193-193 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 124-124 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: On corrosion inhibitors II: Research on the additivity of K and A inhibitors on iron The influence of impurity ions on the protection characteristics of K inhibitors on ironAn explanation is given of the onium thesis and of the notion of the K and A inhibitors. Possible inter-effects of K and A inhibitors with the metal surface are discussed. The behaviour of K and A inhibitors in the combination test is at least additive, frequently super-additive. Dissolved impurity metal ions enhance the protective effect of the K inhibitors in the following order:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Hg 〈 Ni 〈 Ag 〈 Pd 〈 Cu}{\rm .} $$\end{document}The protective effect is increased by lower concentrations of FeIII ions, and decreased by higher concentrations. The influence of FeII ions is small, and depends very little on the concentration.
    Notes: Die Oniumhypothese und der Begriff des „K- und A-Inhibitors“ werden erläutert. Mögliche Wechselwirkungen der K- und A-Inhibitoren mit der Metalloberfläche werden diskutiert. K- und A-Inhibitoren verhalten sich im Kombinationsversuch mindestens additiv, häufig überadditiv. Gelöste Fremdmetallionen erhöhen in der Reihenfolge:\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Hg 〈 Ni 〈 Ag 〈 Pd 〈 Cu}{\rm .} $$\end{document}Die Schutzwirkung der K-lnhibitoren. Geringe Konzentrationen an FeIII-lonen verstärken, höhere Konzentrationen erniedrigen die Schutzwirkung. Der Einfluß von FeII-lonen ist gering und wenig won der Konzentration abhängig.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 200-200 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 150-154 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on the influence of household detergents on metals, and of metals on household detergents. Second Communication Behaviour of copper alloysWith the aid of the testing method described in the first communication, the behaviour of different copper alloys or alloys containing copper has been investigated in four different commercial household detergents. The investigations included:Brasses: Cu, Ms 90, Ms 80, Ms 72, Ms 63, Ms 63 Pb, Ms 58, Zn.Special brasses: SoMs 68, SoMs 59, SoMs 58, SoMs 58 Pb, SoMs 58 Al 2.Tin bronzes: SnBz 4, SnBz 6, SnBz 8, Tego—bronzes, Sn.Aluminium bronzes: AlBz 4, AlBz 9, Al Cu multi-metal bronzes, AlMBz 10, Aeterna AF 50, Aeterna W II A, Admos.German silver: Ns 5712 Pb, Ns 6512, Ns 6218, Ns 6218 Pb, Ns 6025.The weight loss in grams per square metre was determined for each alloy in each of the four detergents, and the peroxide reduction in the detergents was ascertained. It was found that, depending on the type of detergent, different alloy components are apt to either increase or reduce the dissolution rate in the detergent solutions. For instance, the weight loss of Cu Zn alloys decreases with increasing Cu content; Al affects the stabilisation of one detergent whilst the stabilisation of other detergents is enhanced by an aluminium admixture.Apart from a few exceptions, the peroxide reduction is not greatly influenced by the alloy constituents (exceptions: Al and Si). Among the alloys investigated, the best resistance in detergent solutions was shown by the higher alloy German silver alloys.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der in der 1. Mitteilung beschriebenen Prüfmethode wird das Verhalten von verschiedenen Cu-Legierungen bzw. Cu-haltigen Legierungen in 4 verschiedenen handelsüblichen Haushaltswaschmitteln untersucht. In diese Untersuchungen wurden einbezogen:Messinge: Cu, Ms 90, Ms 80, Ms 72, Ms 63, Ms 63 Pb, Ms 58, Zn.Sondermessinge: SoMs 68, SoMs 59, SoMs 58, SoMs 58 Pb, SoMs 58 Al 2.Zinnbronzen: SnBz 4, SnBz 6, SnBz 8, Tego—Bronzen, Sn.Al—Bronzen: AlBz 4, AlBz 9, Al—Cu-Mehrstoffbronzen, AlMBz 10, Aeterna AF 50, Aeterna W H A, Admos.Neusilber: Ns 5712 Pb, Ns 6512, Ns 6218, Ns 6218 Pb, Ns 6025.Von jeder Legierung wurde in jedem der 4 Waschmittel der Gewichtsverlust in g/m2 bestimmt und in den Waschmitteln der Peroxidabbau. Es zeigte sich, daß je nach Waschmitteltype verschiedene Legierungsbestandteile die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit in Waschmittel-Lösungen erhöhen bzw. erniedrigen, z. B. sinkt die Gewichtsabnahme von Cu—Zn-Legierungen mit steigendem Cu-Gehalt, Al hebt die Stabilisierung in einem Waschmittel auf, während sie in anderen Waschmitteln durch Al-Zulegierung erhöht wird.Der Peroxidabbau wird bis auf einige Ausnahmen durch die Legierungsbestandteile nicht wesentlich beeinflußt (Ausnahme Al und Si).Beständig in den Waschlaugen sind von den untersuchten Legierungen die höher legierten Neusilber-Legierungen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 174-176 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 177-179 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 182-185 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 192-192 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 252-252 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 253-260 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 261-279 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 280-288 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 289-289 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 289-291 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 291-291 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 212-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Inter-action of cavitation and corrosionFollowing an introduction based on the opinions expressed in technical literature on the inter-action of cavitation and corrosion, the authors indicate the results of measurements carried out with a magnetostriction oscillator at 19 kc/s in water and aqueous solutions. In the presence of corrosion stresses, the destructive effect of cavitation is greatly increased. The results are so clcarly akin to those obtained with pure corrosion tests that the method can be used for certain short-time corrosion tests. Because of the mechanisms of mutual reinforcement, even cavitation stresses of comparatively small magnitude, acting (as it were) as catalyzers, are able to give rise to heavy corrosion damage.The authors name the following causes of corrosion phenomena under cavitation stresses: 1destruction of surface layers;2secondary corrosion processes;3turbulence and vorticity phenomena.Special importance is attached to the third category of phenomena, and a „model“ is developed to demonstrate their harmful effects on the materials. The reinforcing effect of corrosion on cavitation is found to be so considerable that even cavitation stresses of small magnitude, acting as catalyzers as ist were, may give rise to corrosion under ohterwise safe conditions. As the trend of the results of the cavitation tests agrees with those of corrosion tests, and as the method has a highly sensitive reaction, the oscillators used for these tests can also be used for certain short-time corrosion tests.
    Notes: Nach einer Einführung mit Hilfe der in der Literatur vertretenen Auffassungen über das Zusammenwirken van Kavitation und Korrosion werden die Ergebnisse von Magnetostriktions - Schwinggerät - Untersuchungen bei 19 kHz in Wasser und wäßrigen Lösungen dargestellt. Gleichzeitige Korrosionsbeanspruchungen verstärken die Kavitationszerstörungen erheblich und lassen so deutliche Parallelen mit den Ergebnissen reiner Korrosionsversuche erkennen, daß das Verfahren für bestimmte Korrosions-Kurzzeit-Prüfungen einsetzbar ist. Wegen der Mechanismen der gegenseitigen Verstärkung können auch Kavitationsbeanspruchungen geringer Heftigkeit, gleichsam katalytisch, schwere Korrosionsschäden auslösen.Als Ursachen für die Korrosionserscheinungen bei Kavitationsbeanspruchungen werden angegeben: 1Zerschlagen von Deckschichten,2korrosive Sekundärprozesse,3Turbulenz- und Verwirbelungsvorgänge.Der dritten Gruppe von Vorgängen wird besondere Bedeutung zugemessen und für ihre materialschädigenden Wirkungen eine Modellvorstellung entwickelt. Die Korrosionsverstärkungen der Kavitation erweisen sich als so erheblich, daß auch Kavitation geringer Heftigkeit, gleichsam katalytisch, Korrosion unter sonst ungefährlichen Bedingungen auslösen kann. Da die Tendenzen der Ergebnisse von Kavitationsversuchen mit denen von Korrosionsversuchen übereinstimmen und das Verfahren sehr empfindlich reagiert, bieten Schwinggeräte der verwendeten Anordnung die Möglichkeit zu bestimmten Korrosions-Kurzzeit-Prüfungen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 233-236 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 484-487 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 488-490 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 468-483 
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    Description / Table of Contents: A survey of materials for shut-off units, recommended for use in the presence of corrosive mediaThe attempt is made to suggest materials for shut-off units exposed to corrosive media at different temperatures. The survey deals with steel, high-grade steel and non-ferrous metals. The table also comprises linings of plastics, rubber and metal. Suggestions are also made regarding suitable gaskets and packing materials.
    Notes: Es wird der Versuch unternommen, für angreifende Medien bei den verschiedenen Temperaturen für Absperrorgane die geeignetsten Materialien vorzuschlagen. Dabei werden sowohl Stahl, Edelstahl als auch Nichteisenmetalle behandelt. In dieser Tabelle sind auch Auskleidungen aus Kunststoff, Gummi und Metall berücksichtigt. Außerdem sind Vorschläge für die zu wählenden Dichtungen und das geeignetste Packungsmaterial angegeben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 491-497 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 498-501 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 502-505 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 506-508 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 509-511 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 512-512 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 513-516 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 307-313 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Technology of the continuous anodisation of aluminium tapes and wiresFollowing an introductory synopsis, dealing in particular with the insulating Properties of anodised semi-finished products and their applications in the electrical industry, a detailed description given of the systematic anodisation tests carried out by the Institute for Metallurgical Research in Budapest. A special installation designed for the anodic oxidation of semi-finished products and an oxidation method already tried out on an industrial scale (pre-treatment, baths, working methods, post-treatment) are described and illustrated. In conclusion, the German, British, French and Hungarian testing methods for anodised semi-finished products are surveyed.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an einen einführenden Überblick, insbesondere über das lsolationsverhalten von anodisiertem Halbzeug und dessen Einsatz in der Elektrotechnik, wird ausführlich über die vom Institut für Metallforschung, Budapest, durchgeführten systematischen Anodisierungsversuche berichtet. In Wort und Bild beschrieben wird die für die anodische Halbzeugoxydation entwickelte Spezialanlage und das bereits großtechnisch erprobte Oxydationsverfahren, (Vorbehandlung, Bäder, Arbeitstechnik, Nachbehandlung). Abschließend wird ein Überblick über die deutschen, englischen, französischen und ungarischen Prüfverfahren für anodisiertes Halbzeug gegeben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 315-318 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 321-323 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 313-315 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fibre metallurgyThrough producing a metallic fibre felt (fibre thickness 0.025 to 0.5 mm; fibre length 0.75 to 25 mm), one obtains compounds of high porosity (up to 97 pC) which, after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, can be processed by all conventional methods. In contrast to metal powder sinter products, the pores extend right across so that the material combines high permeability with a high surface/volume ratio. Virtually all metals and alloys can be converted into fibre substances. The only difficulties are encountered, during sintering, with metals with stable oxide films on the surface (Al). Among present applications are filters of high permeability, catalyst carriers, supporting grids for lead batteries, sound insulation, reinforcement of plastics, metals (Mg, Pb) and refractory ceramic compounds.
    Notes: Durch Herstellen eines metallischen Faserfilzes (Faserdicke 0,025 bis 0,5 mm, Faserlänge 0,75 bis 25 mm) erhält man Massen hoher Porosität (bis 97%), die nach Sintern in reduzierender Atmosphäre nach allen üblichen Verfahren bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu Metallpulver-Sinterkörpern sind die Poren hier durchgehend, so daß das Material hohe Durchlässigkeit mit großem Verhältnis Oberfläche/Volumen vereinigt. Praktisch alle Metalle und Legierungen lassen sich in Faserkörper überführen, lediglich Metalle mit stabilen Oxydschichten auf der Oberfläche (Al) bieten Schwierigkeiten beim Sintern. Zu den bisherigen Anwendungen gehören Filter hoher Durchlässigkeit, Katalysatorträger, Stützgitter für Bleiakkumulatoren, Schallisolierung, Verstärkung von Kunststoffen, Metalle (Mg, Pb) und keramische hitzebeständige Massen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 319-320 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 339-344 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 533-536 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric corrosion of some important systems of base metals and metallic coatingsA corrosion process can be electrochemically represented if it is of  -  electrolytic type, i.e. if it 1takes place in an aqueous solution and2is accompanied by at least one cathodic reduction reaction. These conditions are present in the atmosphere. Depending on temperature and air humidity, the atmosphere contains up to 50 grams of water vapour pr. cubic metre which, under certain conditions, forms the aqueous solution, and it contains, as an oxidant, oxygen which supplies the cathodic reduction reaction. The atmospheric corrosion of a metal can thus be represented by an oxygen corrosion of the metallsolution system, with the aid of the electrochemical presentation of practical corrosion problems, it is possible to obtain data concerning of avoiding or corrosion as well as predictions of the corrosion performance to be expected.
    Notes: Ein Korrosionsvorgang kann elektrochemisch dargestellt werden, wenn er elektrolytischer Art ist, d. h. 1wenn er in einer wäßrigen Lösung abläuft und2wenn mindestens eine kathodische Reduktionsreaktion vorliegt.In der Atmosphäre sind diese Korrosionsvoraussetzungen vorhanden: Sie enthält je nach Temperatur und Luftfeuchte bis zu 50 glm3 Wasserdampf, der unter bestimmten Bedingungen die wäßrige Lösung bildet, und sie enthält das Oxydationsmittel Sauerstoff, der die kathodische Reduktionsreaktion liefert. Die atmosphärische Korrosion eines Metalls kann somit durch eine Sauerstoffkorrosion des Systems Metall Lösung wiedergegeben werden. Aus der elektrochemischen Darstellungsweise praktischer Korrosionsprobleme lassen sich Aussagen über Möglichkeiten zur Vermeidung bzw. Verzögerung der Korrosion sowie Voraussagen über das zu erwartende Korrosionsverhalten gewinnen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 543-550 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic relations regarding the passivity of ironOn the basis of chemical-thermodynamical data, the electrochemical behaviour of iron during passivation in neutral and alkaline solution has been represented, and investigated, with the aid of a diagram showing the electrochemical affinity (A ) as a function of the excess potential (ΔU). The position of the Flade potential has been determined. The above-mentioned Al (Δ U ) diagram permits the introduction of the notions of “Flade affinity” and “Flade excess potential”. Increase and reduction of the passive layer on the iron in neutral and alkaline solution depends not only on the pH value but also on the activity of the Fe2+ and OH- ions. It follows that, in the system consisting of iron and aqueous solution, the chemical transformation of Fe3O4 into γ-Fe203 is governed by the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Fe_2 O_4 + H^ + \to \gamma - Fe_2 O_3 + Fe^{2 + } + OH^ - $$\end{document} with the basic reference potential + 0.559 V.As the examples show, it is possible, with 1 : 2 and cover layer 1 electrodes, to determine the mechanism of the process, the mixed potential, and the total current.
    Notes: Das elektrochemische Verhalten von Eisen bei der Passivierung in neutraler und alkalischer Lösung wurde auf Grund chemisch-thermodynamischer Daten in einem elektrochemischen Affinität(A)- Überspannung (Δ U)-Diagramm dargestellt und untersucht. Die Lage des Flade- Potentials wurde bestimmt. Das oben genannte A -(Δ U)-Diagramm gestattet die Einführung der Begriffe: „Flade-Affinität“ und „Flade-Überspannung“. Der Aufbau und Abbau der Passivschicht am Eisen in neutraler und alkalischer Lösung ist außer vom pH-Wert auch won der Aktivität der Fe2+- und OH- Ionen abhängig, woraus folgt, daß am System Eisenwäßrige Lösung die chemische Umwandlung von Fe5O4 in γ-Fe2O3 nach der Reaktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Fe_2 O_4 + H^ + \to \gamma - Fe_2 O_3 + Fe^{2 + } + OH^ - $$\end{document} mit der Grund-Bezugsspannung + 0,559 V abläuft.Wie an Hand von Beispielen erläutert wird, läßt sich bei den 1-, 2fachen und Deckschicht/Elektroden die Steuerung des Vorgangs; die Mischspannung und der Gesamtstrom bestimmen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 550-555 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonmetallic surface protection by enamel, rubber, plastics, and varnish coatingsIn the chemical and related industries the protection of production equipment against the attack by a number of more or less aggressive media and frequently aggravated by elevated temperatures and simultaneous mechanical stress is of utmost importance and requires considerable effort.In order to cope with the variety of problems encountered in this field the designer and engineer may choose the appropriate coating from among a considerable number of materials; some of them, and in particular the non-metallic coatings are discussed in this paper.At first they are subdivided according to the methods used for their application whereupon the author dwells upon the basic requirements a surface protection must meet within the scope discussed here; supporting evidence is cited in each case. Following that the limitations are outlined of the five main coating groups, in particular with a view to the temperature and to the chemical applications in the plant and construction are mentioned.A high degree of importance must be attributed to the correct construction of the objects to be Protected and to Proper manufacturing techniques, in particular with a view to welding. The detailed description of the individual measures of protection is concluded by an outlook upon the most recent and interesting development: in some compound materials the rigid base metal - formerly steel or cast iron  -  is being replaced by rein- forced plastics.
    Notes: Für die chemische und die ihr verwandten Industrien ist der Schutz ihrer Fabrikationseinrichtungen gegen den Angriff durch zahlreiche mehr oder weniger aggressive Medien, der häufig durch erhöhte Temperatur- und gleichzeitige mechanische Beanspruchung noch verstärkt wird, von großer Bedeutung und erfordert erhebliche Mittel.Für dieses vielseitige Aufgabengebiet steht dem Konstrukteur und dem Betriebsingenieur heute eine beachtliche Zahl von Schutzüberzügen zur Verfügung, von denen nachstehend die hauptsächlichen nichmetallischen besprochen werden.Zunächst erfolgt ihre Unterteilung nach den Verfahren, mittels derer man sie aufbringt. Dann werden die grundsätzlichen Anforderungen aufgestellt und näher begründet, denen ein Oberflächenschutz für den hier gezogenen Rahmen zu genügen hat. Anschließend werden für die 5 Hauptgruppen an Schutzüberzügen die Anwendungsgrenzen hinsichtlich der Temperatur und der Beständigkeit gegen Chemikalien sowie ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Apparate- und Rohrleitungsbau umrissen.Große Bedeutung kommt der richtigen konstruktiven Gestaltung der zu schützenden Gegenstände und der einwandfreien Fertigung, besonders in schweißtechnischer Hinsicht, zu. Die folgende, ins einzelne gehende Beschreibung der verschiedenen Schutzmaßnahmen wird durch den Ausblick auf die jüngste interessante Entwicklung abgeschlossen, die bei derartigen Verbundkonstruktionen in manchen Fällen den bisherigen tragenden Untergrund aus Stahl oder Gußeisen durch verstärkte Kunststoffe ersetzt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 348-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 356-356 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 356-356 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. XIII 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 537-543 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion behaviour of zinc and zinc coatings exposed to the atmosphereThe paper sets out to provide a synopsis of the subject. In particular,. it deals with the corrosion resistance of zinc exposed to indoor atmosphere. This resistance is normally very high; but it can be greatly reduced in the presence of large quantities of condensation water, especially if the water is formed on the zinc at packing pieces or on the underside of roofing sheets.Outdoors, the corrosion rate of zinc is generally between 1 and 10 μm per annum. Under inland conditions, this rate is roughly equivalent to the absorption of SO2 from the air. Through contact with nobler metals, the corrosion rate is sometimes increased; with contact with lead-tin solder, this increase is, however, insignificant. The resistance of galvanized steel, up to the first traces of rust, is roughly proportional to the zinc coating. The degree of purity of the zinc is largely immaterial to atmospheric corrosion; but it is of great importance to zinc castings.
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über das Gebiet gegeben. Im einzelnen wird ausgeführt: Gegen die Luft geschlossener Räume ist Zink meist sehr beständig. Einen erheblichen Angriff erleidet es jedoch bei schwerer Schwitzwasser-Beanspruchung, im besonderen, wenn Schwitzwasser auf dem Zink in Packstücken und an der Unterseite von Dacheindeckungsblenden entsteht.  -  Im Freien liegt die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des Zinks meist zwischen 1 und 10 μm je Jahr. Im Binnenland ist sie der Geschwindigkeit der SO2-Aufnahme aus der Luft etwa äquivalent.  -  Durch Kontakt mit edlerem Metall wird die Korrosion mitunter erhöht; bei Kontakt mit Blei- Zinn-Lot ist diese Erhöhung jedoch belanglos.  -  Die Beständigkeit verzinkten Stahls bis zur ersten Rostbildung ist der Zinkauflage etwa proportional.  -  Der Reinheitsgrad des Zinks ist für die atmosphärische Korrosion weitgehend belanglos, nur für Zinkdruckguß ist er wichtig.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 578-583 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 589-596 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 584-588 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 597-604 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 605-616 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 357-362 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Microscope and electron-optical observations concerning corroslon by airborne dustBeing an interaction between dust particles and the metal surface, corrosion by airborne dust starts in the submicroscopic range. Particles of this minute size, if exposed to pressure and heat (e.g. bearing friction) tend to recrystallize and in general, to be transformed into harder structures of high energy content; these phenomena are largely unexplored so far. Optically void, i.e. genuinely smooth and clean metal surfaces, are rather rare in practice; an investigation of foils reveals, in addition to grain boundaries, grooves produced by tools, irregularities in galvanic coatings and coatings deposited from the vapour phase, imprints due to irregularities in pressing stamps, a. s. o. The corrosion by airborne dust in moving metal surfaces preferentially starts along surface discontinuities. The airborne dust particles are accompanied by adsorbed gasses, e. g. SO2; the corrosion is further characterized by particles breaking away from the metal surface and by whiskers (filiform crystals) growing under the effects of pressure and heat, in particular at the grain boundaries. The adhesion of the dust particles to the metal surface appears to be a special case of sorption, while the fracture of the surface crystallites may be compared to spark erosion. This comparison yields an access to the mathematical treatment and to the approximative numerical evaluation of the problem of corrosion by airborne dust.
    Notes: Als Wechselwirkung zwischen Staubteilchen und Metalloberfläche beginnt die Luftstaubkorrosion im sublichtmikroskopischen Gebiet. In dieser Kleinheit neigen Staubteilchen unter dem Einfluß von Druck und Hitze, z. B. der Lagerreibung, zur Umkristallisation und ganz allgemein zur Umformung in härtere, energiereiche, weitgehend unerforschte Strukturen. Im Bild optisch leere, also echt glatte Metalloberflächen sind in der Praxis äußerst selten, vielmehr zeigen Folienabrisse außer Korngrenzen auch Werkzeugriefen, die Unregelmäßigkeiten galvanischer Niederschläge oder Aufdampfungen, die Einprägung der Unebenheiten von Preßstempeln u. a. Die Korrosion von Luftstaub beginnt bei bewegten Metalloberflächen bevorzugt längs ihrer Unstetigkeiten. Dem Luftstaub gesellen sich an ihn gebundene Gase wie SO2 zu; ferner aus der Metalloberfläche gebrochene Teilchen, sowie unter Druck und Hitze, besonders an Korngrenzen gewachsene Haarkristalle (Whiskers). Die Haftung der Staubteilchen an den Metalloberflächen erscheint als Sonderfall der Sorptionshaftung; der Bruch der Oberflächenkristallite als vergleichbar mit einer Funkenerosion, wodurch die Luftstaubkorrosion einem mechanischen Formelansatz und einer zahlenmäßigen Abschätzung zugängig wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 46-51 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion effect of aqueous cement extractions on steelThe corrosion resistance of steel embedded in concrete is based On the fact that concrete, because of its calcium hydroxide content, has an alkaline reaction so that the steel is passivated. But since many simple electrolytes are apt to counteract passivity, and since concrete often contains gypsum, investigations have been carried out into the behaviour of steel in calcium hydroxide solutions containing calcium sulphate, These tests revealed a very high rate of local steel corrosion, amounting to a maximum of about 10 micrometres per day. The highly electropositive potential of steel in pure calcium hydroxide solutions is therefore, by addition of calcium sulphate, markedly shifted towards the negative side. The possible effects of such corrosion on the practical behaviour of steel in concrete are discussed.
    Notes: Die Rostbeständigkeit von Stahl in Beton beruht darauf, daß Beton infolge seines Calciumhydroxyd-Gehalts alkalisch reagiert und der Stahl dementsprechend passiv wird. Da aber einfachen Elektrolyte passivitätswidrig wirken können und Beton häufig Gips enthält, wurde das Verhalten von Stahl in Calciumsulfathaltigen Calciumhydroxyd-Lösungen untersucht. Hierbei wurde eine sehr starke örtliche Stahlkorrosion gefunden, deren Geschwindigkeit bis zu etwa 10 μm je Tag betrug. Dementsprechend wild das sehr edle Potential von Stahl in reinen Calciumhydroxyd-Lösungen durch Calciumsulfat-Zusatz erheblich verunedelt.  -  Die Möglichkeiten der Auswirkungen der gefundenen Korrosion auf das Praktische Verhalten von Stahl in Beton weden erörtert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 2-7 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of organic plastics, caused by perspiration of the skinPrompted by contact damage caused to technical utensils by perspiration of the skin, corrosion tests have been carried out with different organic plastics in different synthetic perspiration solutions frequently encountered. The tested materials, which belonged to different groups (plastics with synthetic resins through condensation; plastics with synthetic resins through polymerisation; cellulose and cellulose derivatives; casein products), showed considerable differences in their behaviour, not only in different perspiration solutions but also among each other, so that they can be divided into three resistance classes.
    Notes: An technischen Gebrauchsgegenständen durch Hautschweiß aufgetretene Berührungsschäden führten zur Durchführung von Korrosions-Standversuchen mit verschiedenen organischen Kunststoffen in verschiedenen, häufig benutzten synthetischen Schweißlösungen. Die Versuchs-Werkstoffe, die verschiedenen Stoffgruppen (Kunststoffe mit Kunstharzen durch Kondensation, Kunststoffe mit Kunstharzen durch Polymerisation, Cellulose- und Cellulosederivate, Caseinprodukte) angehörten, zeigten einmal in den verschiedenen Schweißlösungen, zum andern untereinander ein stark unterschiedliches, schließlich in drei Beständigkeitsgruppen eingruppiertes Verhalten.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 30-45 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Development criteria in the metal spraying techniqueDeparting from the early types, a description is given, by reference to design criteria, of the development of metal spraying techniques up to modern, more efficient gas-heated wire and powder spray guns. For the spraying of steel and other heavy metals, the electric arc spraying method is cheaper and yields a type of structure of higher quality; the development and practical application of this process is regarded as the most important advance in metal spraying in recent years. Other advances are automatic regulation and control of the spraying devices as well as mechanisation of spraying. The discussion then ranges over the principal criteria concerning the pre-treatment of the base, the mechanical, chemical and thermal post-treatment of the sprayed layers, the properties of these layers and the extent to which these can be influenced. As regards applications, mention is made of protective coatings against rust and corrosion, aluminium plating, sprayed bearing journals, repairs, re-fabrication, etc. In addition, a number of examples for the metal spraying of non-metallic substances are discussed.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den ersten Bauarten Wird die Entwicklung zu bedeutend leistungsfähigeren modernen gasbeheizten Draht- und Pulverspritzpistolen an Konstruktionsmerkmalen beschrieben. Das billigere elektrische Lichtbogenspritzen liefert beim Spritzen Stahl und anderen Schwermetallen einen hochwertigeren Gefügetyp, die Entwicklung und praktische Nutzanwendung dieses Verfahrens ist der bedeutendste Fortschritt der Metallspritztechnik in letzter Zeit. Automatische Regelung und Steuerung der Spritzgeräte sowie Mechanisierung des Spritzbetriebes sind weitere Fortschritte. Für die Haftgrundvorbehandlung, die mechanische, chemische und thermische Nachbehandlung der Spritzschichten sowie ihre Eigenschaften und deren Beeinflußbarkeit werden die wichtigsten Gesichtspunkte erörtert. Die praktische Nutzanwendung beschäftigt sich mit Rost- und Korrosionsschutzüberzügen, der Alumetierung, gespritzten Lagern, Reparaturen, Neufertigungen und an verschiedenartigen Beispielen wird auch die Spritzmetallisierung nichtmetallischer Stoffe beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of large-diameter pipes made of hard polyethyleneWith the aid of numerous illustrations, the applications of polyethylene pipes of relatively large diameters are surveyed. A special account is given of the advantages which such pipes may offer under different installation conditions. Especially in the Scandinavian countries  -  Norway, Finland and Sweden  -  where pipes are laid in the open even during the winter months, the toughness of hard polyethylene, even at low temperatures, is found to be a particular advantage. A special problem is posed by the need for a reliable jointing of large-diameter pipes. It is shown that, if the necessary conditions are adhered to, and if suitable aids are used, it is possible to obtain reliable butt welds, both between one pipe and another, and between pipe and welding collar. Such welding collars can be made in different ways. For instance, a mould is filled with the aid of an extruder and a rough cast prepared which, after cooling, is machined on a lathe. Pipes made of hard polyethylene are used not only for drinking water pipes but also for special purposes, e. g. cable protection pipes. For this purpose, a special technique, known as jetting method, is sometimes used for laying pipes across water.
    Notes: Anhand einer großen Anzahl van Bildern wird über den Einsatz van Rohren relativ großen Durchmessers aus Hart-Polyäthylen berichtet. Dabei wird auch auf die Vorteile, die solche Rohre unter den verschiedensten Verlegebedingungen bieten, näher eingegangen. Gerade in skandinavischen Ländern wie Norwegen, Finnland und Schweden, wo auch während der Wintermonate Rohrverlegungen im Freien stattfinden, erweist sich die gute Zähigkeit von Hart-Polyäthylen auch in der Kälte von besonderem Vorteil. Ein besonderes Problem stellt die zuverlässige Verbindung von Rohren großen Durchmessers der. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Einhaltung der erforderlichen Bedingungen und bei Verwendung geeigneter Hilfsgeräte einwandfreie Stumpfschweißungen sowohl der Rohre untereinander als auch von Rohr und Vorschweißbund erzielt werden können. Die Herstellung solcher Vorschweißbunde kann auf verschiedene Arten vorgenommen werden; z. B. wird mit Hilfe eines Extruders eine Form gefüllt und durch Pressen ein Rohling hergestellt, der nach dem Erkalten auf einer Drehbank bearbeitet wird. Neben der Verwendung van Rohren aus Hart-Polyäthylen für Trinkwasserleitungen werden sie auch für Spezialzwecke, wie z. B. Kabelschutzrohre, eingesetzt. Dabei wird in manchen Fällen eine besondere Verlegetechnik beim Durchqueren van Gewässern, das sog. Einspülverfahren, angewandt.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 70-79 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent research on the passivity of metalsThe anodic dissolution and passivation of metals is discussed from the point of view of a competitive adsorption of activating and passivating anions. It is shown that the concentration and acidity conditions on the surface of the metal differ greatly from those inside the solution; with electrode-kinetic investigations, it is therefore incorrect to reckon with the concentrations or acidities encountered in the solution. It is also shown that, on the one hand, the surface structure or lattice plane may have a considerable influence on the anodic behaviour whilst, on the other hand, the surface structure itself may differ greatly, depending on the anode potential. It follows that a clear determination of the electrode kinetics of the anodic dissolution and passivation of metals is extremely difficult.
    Notes: Die anodische Auflösung und die Passivierung der Metalle werden vom Standpunkt einer Konkurrenzadsorption von aktivierenden und passivierenden Anionen aus behandelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Konzentrations- und Aciditätsverhältnisse an der Oberfläche des Metalls und im Inneren der Lösung außerordentlich stark verschieden sind, so daß man aus dem Grund bei elektrodenkinetischen Untersuchungen nicht mit den Konzentrationen oder Aktivitäten in der Lösung rechnen kann; ferner wird einerseits gezeigt, daß die Oberflächenstruktur bzw. die Gitterebene auf das anodische Verhalten einen wesentlichen Einfluß hat, daß aber andererseits auch die Oberflächenstruktur je nach dem Anodenpotential sehr verschieden sein kann. Aus diesen Erscheinungen ergibt sich, daß die eindeutige Bestimmung der Elektrodenkinetik bei der anodischen Auflösung und Passivierung der Metalle außerordentlich schwierig ist.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 79-84 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The resistance to sulphuric acid of austenitic nickel-chromium steels with molybdenum and copper contentsThe resistance to sulphuric acid, which is very limited with 18/8 Cr—Ni steel, is decisively improved by alloying with molybdenum and copper and by increasing the nickel content. A description is given of tentative investigations into the effect of an increased nickel content on the resistance in general and on the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking in sulphuric acid; the results are compared with those obtained from a nickel-based alloy. A Cr—Ni steel with about 34 pC Ni, alloyed with Mo and Cu, which is discussed in some detail, showed the most favourable behaviour and remained free from cracks.
    Notes: Die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Schwefelsäure, die bei 1818 Cr—Ni-Stahl sehr beschränkt ist, wird durch Zulegierung von Mo und Cu sowie durch Erhöhung des Ni-Gehaltes entscheidend verbessert. Es werden informatorische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung eines erhöhten Ni-Gehaltes auf die allgemeine Beständigkeit und auf die Empfindlichkeit gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion in Schwefelsäure beschrieben; dabei wird ein Vergleich mit einer Nickelbasislegierung angestellt. Ein mit Mo und Cu legierter Cr—Ni-Stahl mit etwa 34% Ni, der näher beschrieben wird, zeigte das günstigste Verhalten und blieb auch frei von Rissen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 84-88 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The weight constancy of laboratory equipment of 3% Iridium-Platinum in analytical operationsIn an effort to improve the mechanical resistance and dimensional stability of platinum laboratory equipment without impairing its chemical resistance, the weight constancy of 3% Iridium-Platinum was tested. This alloy, has higher tensile strength than normal crucible platinum, has been used in analytical laboratories exclusively used in the form of Monroetype Gooch Crucibles. By comparison of the weight constancy of crucibles, after using them for normal analytical ignition and fusing tests, and after exposure to acids, it was found that laboratory equipment of 3% Ir—Pt is equivalent to that of normal crucible platinum, but has a better dimensional stability. This result is confirmed in a great number of analytical laboratories.
    Notes: In dem Bestreben, die mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit und Formbeständigkeit von Laboratoriumsgeräten aus Platin zu verbessern unter voller Erhaltung ihrer chemischen Beständigkeit, wurde die Gewichtskonstanz der Legierung Pt/3% Ir, die eine höhere Festigkeit als normales Geräteplatin besitzt und bisher nur in Form von Filtriertiegeln nach Neubauer im analytischen Labor eingesetzt wird, untersucht. Aus dem Vergleich der Gewichtsänderungen von Tiegeln bei einigen üblichen analytischen Glüh- und Schmelzoperationen sowie bei der Einwirkung von Säuren geht hervor, daß Geräte aus Pt/3% Ir bei guter Formbeständigkeit hinsichtlich ihrer Gewichtskonstanz dem normalen Geräteplatin ebenbürtig sind. Dieser Befund hat sich in der Praxis bestätigt.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 92-93 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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