ALBERT

Description: This text deals with the geochemistry of iron ores. By means of spectrochemical analyses some significant minor constituents have been determined in samples mainly from the pre-Cambrian iron-ore regions of Sweden. For the sake of comparison some samples of iron ores of different age from non-Swedish regions have been analysed. On the basis of the analytical data available some significant statistical quantities have been computed in iron ores as well as in the main igneous rock series. Special regard has been paid to the relationship between the distribution principles governing some major constituents in the iron ores, on the one hand, and in the igneous rocks on the other. A method is proposed for geochemical investigations of igneous rocks by means of statistical data. With the aid of geochemical premises the endogene relationship between iron ores and their associated igneous rocks has been discussed. A theory on the principles governing the formation of iron ores has been advanced and employed with special regard to the origin of the pre-Cambrian iron ores of Sweden.

Description: The cores described are taken during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 158 from September until October 1949 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A total of 5 cores were recovered and are available at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for sampling and study.

Description: The cores described are taken during the R/V Atlantis Cruise 157 from August until September 1949 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A total of 19 cores were recovered and are available at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for sampling and study.

Description: The cores described are taken during the R/V Caryn Cruise 10 in July 1949 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A total of 14 cores were recovered and are available at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for sampling and study.

Description: The cores described are taken during the USS San Pablo Cruise 3 from July to August 1949 by the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. A total of 49 cores were recovered and are available at Scripps Institute of Oceanography for sampling and study.

Description: The geographical, physical and biological aspects of the submarine canyons of the continental shelf off the coast of southern California have been described in earlier parts of this volume. Isopods were collected in 10 of the 15 canyons. Many benthic species were obtained since the specimens were obtained with a Campbell grab bottom sampler operated from the Hancock Foundation research vessel Velero IV.

Description: New surveys were completed and data from the field sheets were kindly furnished by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for use in dredging and coring operations. This field work, first reported in 1936, was continued from time to time until 1941 as new soundings became available. Rock dredging and coring has been carried out in every major canyon on the slope from Corsair Canyon at the tip of Georges Bank to Norfolk Canyon off the entrance to the Chesapeake. Numerous cores have also been taken from the areas in between; and while the whole slope from Georges to the Chesapeake has not been covered, it is believed that no significant areas have been missed. In the following report the tows and cores will be described by areas from Georges Bank southwards, as the same region was revisited in successive years. The various samples, however, will be referred to by number followed by the year in which they were taken. The material is in storage in the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.

Description: Sediments were collected with Eckman and Petersen dredges from the bottom of Trout Lake, northern Wisconsin, at 221 stations. Sampling was done with a spud sampler at 32 stations, and core samples were obtained with a Jenkins and Mortimer and a Twenhofel sampler at 17 stations. The shore and offshore deposits of the shores of Trout Lake and the shores of the islands are described. Megascopic descriptions are given of the samples collected with the Eckman and Petersen dredges. Sediments on bottoms of about 10 meters or deeper are mainly gyttja, or crusts composed of mixtures of organic matter, ferric hydroxide, and some form of manganese oxide. The latter deposits are extensive. Detailed descriptions of some of the samples of sands are given, and generalizations respecting size and distribution are made. Tables showing quartiles, medians, and coefficients of sorting and skewness of the coarse sediments collected from the bottom are given in tables. Mechanical analyses of all fine sediments, mainly gyttja, were not made, as previous experience seems to have demonstrated that results have no sedimentational value. Organic matter of the gyttja was determined and also the percentages of lignin in the organic matter. Core samples are composed almost entirely of fine materials, mainly gyttja, and determinations were made on these samples in the same way as on the samples obtained with the Eckman and Petersen dredges. Studies of the core samples show that the fine sediments usually contain in excess of 90 per cent moisture and there is very little change in the moisture content from top to bottom of cores. A map shows the distribution of the iron and manganese deposits. These deposits were found to contain 10 to 20 per cent of organic matter, 11 to 16 per cent of metallic iron, and 12 to 30 per cent of metallic manganese. No stratification of any kind was found in any of the deep-water sediments of Trout Lake except in the iron and manganese crusts. Absence of stratification is considered to be due to the slow rate of deposition and the mixing of sediments by organisms which dwell in them. The data indicate that the rate of deposition in the deep waters of Trout Lake is of the order of 1 foot in 15,000 years.