ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Much progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction studies, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.Structural properties and deformation patterns of evolving strike-slip faults: Numerical simulations incorporating damage rheology.- Segmentation along strike-slip faults revisited.- Influence of outcrop scale fractures on the effective stiffness of fault damage zone rocks.- Effects of off-fault damage on earthquake rupture propagation: experimental studies.- Geometry of the Nojima fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - I. A simple damage structure inferred from borehole core permeability.- Geometry of the Nojima fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II. Microstructures and their implications for permeability and strength.- The energetics of cataclasis based on breakage mechanics.- Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Pulverized Tejon Lookout Granite Adjacent to the San Andreas and Garlock Faults: Implications for Earthquake Physics.- Characterization of damage in sandstones along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault: implications for the shallow extent of damage generation.- Constructing constitutive relationships for seismic and aseismic fault slip.- Non-planar faults: Mechanics of slip and off-fault damage.- Characterization of Fault Roughness at Various Scales: Implications of Three-Dimensional High Resolution Topography Measurements.- Spatio-temporal slip, and stress level on the faults within the western foothills of Taiwan: implications for fault frictional properties.- Landslides, Ice Quakes, Earthquakes: A Thermodynamic Approach to Surface Instabilities.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Executive summary ; PART I - Taking stock of structural policies in OECD countries ; 1. Responding to the crisis while protecting long-term growth ; 2. Responding to the going for growth policy priorities: an overview of progress since 2005 ; 3. Country notes ; 4. Structural policy indicators ; PART II - Thematic studies ; 5. A family affair: intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries ; 6. Getting it right: prudential regulation and competition in banking ; 7. Going for growth in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa

Description / Table of Contents: Reservoir compartmentalization - the segregation of a petroleum accumulation into a number of individual fluid/pressure compartments - controls the volume of moveable oil or gas that might be connected to any given well drilled in a field, and consequently impacts ‘booking’ of reserves and operational profitability. This is a general feature of modern exploration and production portfolios, and has driven major developments in geoscience, engineering and related technology. Given that compartmentalization is a consequence of many factors, an integrated subsurface approach is required to better understand and predict compartmentalization behaviour, and to minimize the risk of it occurring unexpectedly. This volume reviews our current understanding and ability to model compartmentalization. It highlights the necessity for effective specialist discipline integration, and the value of learning from operational experience in: detection and monitoring of compartmentalization; stratigraphic and mixed-mode compartmentalization; and fault-dominated compartmentalization.

Description / Table of Contents: Fjords are glacially over-deepened, semi-enclosed marine basins, but are often neglected as a sedimentary realm. They represent the transition from the terrestrial to the marine environment and as such have the potential to preserve evidence of environmental change. Typically most fjords have been glaciated a number of times and some high-latitude fjords still possess a resident glacier. The stratigraphic record in fjords largely preserves a glacial–deglacial cycle of deposition. Sheltered water and high sedimentation rates potentially make fjords ideal depositional environments for preserving continuous records of climate and environmental change with high temporal resolution. Fjords are also referred to as miniature oceans providing the unique opportunity to study marine processes in great detail. With predictions of warming climates, changing ocean circulation and rising sea levels, this volume is a timely look at these environmentally sensitive coastlines.

Description / Table of Contents: Echinoderms are a vast group of spiny-skinned animals including starfish, brittle-stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, feather stars, sea lilies and sea cucumbers. These relatives of chordates and hemichordates have inhabited the world’s oceans for more than 500 million years. Modern members of the Echinodermata are, with over 7 000 species, an integral part of marine communities from the intertidal to the deep sea. Echinoderms play a major ecological role in marine habitats and are of economic importance in fisheries, aquaculture and biomedicine. The present volume contains the abstracts of lectures and posters presented during the 7th European Conference on Echinoderms (ECE) as well as excursion guides. This year’s conference was held at the northern campus of the Georg-August University in Göttingen, Germany, from October 2-9, 2010. More than 100 biologists, palaeontologists and other scientists from 25 countries participated.

Description / Table of Contents: Für alle Regionen, die auf den Tourismus als ökonomisches Standbein setzen, ist ein marktfähiges Alleinstellungsmerkmal wichtig. Die Kulturlandschaft in ihrer jeweils besonderen Eigenart bietet hierfür ein endogenes Potenzial, das es zu erschließen, aber gleichermaßen auch zu schützen gilt. Doch viele kulturlandschaftliche Charakteristika und Besonderheiten eröffnen sich nicht unmittelbar, sondern müssen erst herausgearbeitet und „interpretiert“ werden. Darin liegt die grundlegende Herausforderung. Der vorliegende Band beinhaltet zum einen theoretische Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Thema Kulturlandschaftsforschung aus der Perspektive verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Fachrichtungen, zum anderen praxisbezogene Fallbeispiele, die aufzeigen, wie die Forschungsergebnisse einem Freizeitpublikum auf interessante Art und Weise vermittelt werden können. Denn die Kulturlandschaft ist beides – wissenschaftliches Forschungsobjekt und Vermittlungsraum im Kontext touristischer Freizeitgestaltung.

Description / Table of Contents: Onshore fold–thrust belts are commonly perceived as ‘difficult’ places to explore for hydrocarbons and are therefore often avoided. However, these belts host large oil and gas fields and so these barriers to effective exploration mean that substantial unexploited resources may remain. Over time, evaluation techniques have improved. It is possible in certain circumstances to achieve good 3D seismic data. Structural restoration techniques have moved into the 3D domain and increasingly sophisticated palaeo-thermal indicators allow better modelling of burial and uplift evolution of source and reservoirs. Awareness of the influence of pre-thrust structure and stratigraphy and of hybrid thick and thin-skinned deformation styles is augmenting the simplistic geometric models employed in earlier exploration. But progress is a slow, expensive and iterative process. Industry and academia need to collaborate in order to develop and continually improve the necessary understanding of subsurface geometries, reservoir and charge evolution and timing; this publication offers papers on specific techniques, outcrop and field case studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Der „World Ocean Review“ erscheint 2010 das erste Mal und soll in Zukunft in regelmäßigen Abständen herausgegeben werden. Entstanden ist ein umfassender und profunder Bericht, der den Zustand der Weltmeere und die Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen dem Ozean und ökologischen, ökonomischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Bedingungen aufzeigt. Die wissenschaftlich gesicherten Erkenntnisse sollen all denen dienen, die sich aktiv und fundiert an den aktuellen Diskussionen im Umfeld der Meeresforschung beteiligen möchten.

Description / Table of Contents: Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low-carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.

Description / Table of Contents: This report synthesizes knowledge about the effects of natural hazards on human welfare, particularly in its economic aspects. It is a remarkable combination of case studies, data on many scales, and the application of economic principles to the problems posed by earthquakes, abnormal weather, and the like. It provides a deep understanding of the relative roles of the market, government intervention, and social institutions in determining and improving both the prevention and the response to hazardous occurrences. The report looks at disasters primarily through an economic lens. Economists emphasize self-interest to explain how people choose the amount of prevention, insurance, and coping. But lenses can distort as well as sharpen images, so the report also draws from other disciplines: psychology to examine how people may misperceive risks, political science to understand voting patterns, and nutrition science to see how stunting in children after a disaster impairs cognitive abilities and productivity as adults much later. Peering into the future, the report shows that growing cities will increase exposure to hazards, but that vulnerability will not rise if cities are better managed. The intensities and frequencies of hazards in the coming decades will change with the climate, and the report examines this complicated and contentious subject, acknowledging all the limitations of data and science.

Description / Table of Contents: This study from the Independent Evaluation Group draws lessons for development and climate change mitigation from the World Bank Group’s far-reaching portfolio of projects in energy, forestry, transport, coal power, and technology transfer. Reviewing what has worked, what hasn’t, and why, the evaluation’s key findings include: Energy efficiency can offer countries direct economic returns that dwarf those of most other development projects, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forest protected areas, on average, significantly reduce tropical deforestation, preserving carbon and biodiversity. Deforestation rates are lower in areas that allowed sustainable use by local populations than in strictly protected areas. Deforestation rates were lowest of all in indigenous forest areas. For renewable energy projects, long-duration loans have been important in making projects financially viable.. But at prevailing carbon prices, carbon offset sales had little impact on most renewable energy projects’ rate of returns, and did not address investors’ need for up-front capital. Technology transfer – broadly understood to include diffusion of technical and financial innovations related to low-carbon development – has worked well when the logic of piloting and demonstration is well thought out, and when grants are used to mitigate the risk of pioneering efforts.

Description / Table of Contents: “Extreme City - Climate change and the transformation of the waterscape” is the book about the results of the Intensive Learning Programme held recently at the Iuav University (Venice, 3rd – 15th April 2010) with the projectual explorations of the EMU students and the teachers contributions. The goals of the intensive programme have been to deal with changes in the water space in climate change conditions. A “research by design” approach was chosen as the starting point of a reflection on techniques and forms of knowledge which use the project to tackle complex issues. A multidisciplinary approach has been proposed to deal with the vulnerability of a dispersedly inhabited region.

Description / Table of Contents: The Berlin Workshop Series 2010 presents selected papers from meetings held September 28-30, 2008, at the eleventh annual forum co-hosted by InWEnt and the World Bank in preparation for the Bank's annual World Development Report. At the 2008 meetings, key researchers and policy makers from Europe, the United States, and developing countries met to explore the problems that climate governance poses for development, which are later examined in depth in the World Development Report 2010. This volume presents papers from the Berlin workshop sessions on climate governance and development, covering climate change as a development priority; policies and technologies for energy and development; natural resource governance for adaptation, mitigation, and development; non-state actors and climate governance; financing adaptation and mitigation in an unequal world; and changing institutions of governance for climate change.

Description / Table of Contents: Three-dimensional climate models with a fully interactive representation of stratospheric ozone chemistry — otherwise known as stratosphere-resolving chemistry-climate models (CCMs) — are key tools for the attribution and prediction of stratospheric ozone changes arising from the combined effects of changes in the amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG) and ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These models can also be used to infer potential effects of stratospheric changes on the climate of the troposphere. In order to know how much confi dence can be placed in the results from the CCMs, both individually and collectively, it is necessary to assess their performance by comparison with observations and known physical constraints. The Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) core project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) initiated the CCM Validation (CCMVal) activity in 2003 to coordinate exactly such an evaluation. The CCMVal concept (see Chapter 1) takes as a starting point the premise that model performance is most accurately assessed by examining the representation of key processes, rather than just the model’s ability to reproduce long-term ozone trends, as the latter can be more easily tuned and can include compensating errors. Thus a premium is placed on high-quality observations that can be used to assess the representation of key processes in the models. This Report does not provide a detailed assessment of the quality of the observational databases; the compilation and assessment of data sets suitable for model evaluation is the focus of a future SPARC activity, which has been motivated by this Report. The fi rst round of CCMVal (CCMVal-1) evaluated only a limited set of key processes in the CCMs, focusing mainly on dynamics and transport. This Report, which describes the second round of CCMVal (CCMVal-2), represents a more complete effort by CCMVal to assess CCM performance. As with CCMVal-1, it also includes an assessment of the extent to which CCMs are able to reproduce past observations in the stratosphere, and the future evolution of stratospheric ozone and climate under one particular scenario. A key aspect of the model evaluation within this Report is the application of observationally-based performance metrics to quantify the ability of models to reproduce key processes for stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate. The Report is targeted at a variety of users, including: (1) international climate science assessments, including the WMO/ UNEP Ozone Assessments and the IPCC Assessment Reports; (2) the CCM groups themselves; (3) users of CCM simulations; (4) measurement and process scientists who wish to help improve CCM evaluation; (5) space agencies and other bodies involved in the Global Climate Observing System. The Report was prepared by dozens of scientists and underwent several revisions and extensive peer review, culminating in a Final Review Meeting in Toledo, Spain on November 9-11, 2009.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of 19 excellent works presenting different applications of several MATLAB tools that can be used for educational, scientific and engineering purposes. Chapters include tips and tricks for programming and developing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), power system analysis, control systems design, system modelling and simulations, parallel processing, optimization, signal and image processing, finite different solutions, geosciences and portfolio insurance. Thus, readers from a range of professional fields will benefit from its content.

Description / Table of Contents: Umfassender geht es nicht! Hier erfahren Sie alles, was man mit Ubuntu anstellen kann, aktuell zur Version 10.04 LTS 'Lucid Lynx'. Von der Installation, der Paketverwaltung über Optimierung, Programmierung, Migration und Kernelkompilierung bis hin zur Virtualisierung und Netzwerktechnik finden Sie alle wichtigen Fragen zu Ubuntu Linux in diesem Buch beantwortet. Darüber hinaus profitieren Sie von mehr als 250 eigens gekennzeichneten Tipps und Tricks sowie von zahlreichen Praxisworkshops. Dieses Buch macht Sie zum Ubuntu-Profi!

Description / Table of Contents: This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is one of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008. The volumes honor Frank Evison's interest in earthquake generation and forecasting. A biography of Frank Evison and a list of his publications is included, as well as review papers and new research papers in the field. The volume includes papers related to Frank's most abiding interest of precursory earthquake swarms. The research contributions cover a range of current forecasting methods such as the Epidemic-Type Aftershock model, the Every Earthquake a precursor According to Scale model, Pattern Informatics, Reverse Tracing of Precursors, stochastic models of elastic rebound, and methods for handling multiple precursors. The methods considered employ a variety of statistical approaches to using previous seismicity to forecast future earthquakes, including regional and global earthquake likelihood models and alarm-type forecasts. The forecast time-frames of interest range from the short time-frame associated with clustering of aftershocks to the long time-frame associated with recurrence of major earthquakes. A recurring theme is the assessment of forecasting performance, whether by likelihood scores, skill scores, error diagrams, or relative operating characteristic tests. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the earthquake preparation process and in converting that understanding into forecasts of earthquake occurrence.

Description / Table of Contents: This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is the second of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008. The volumes honor Frank Evison's interest in earthquake generation and forecasting. This volume includes descriptions of earthquake forecasting test centers through the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) program and the first results from the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Model (RELM) experiment in California. Other papers discuss methods of testing predictions, in particular by the use of error diagrams. There is discussion of prediction methodologies using seismicity, including an application of the statistical technique of Hidden Markov Models to identify changes in seismicity and a new technique for identifying precursory quiescence. Several papers employ other data besides seismicity, such as geologically determined faults, calculations of stress changes via Coulomb stress modeling, tomographically determined velocity structure, groundwater, crustal deformation, and comparisons of real earthquakes to synthetic seismicity determined from hypothesized earthquake physics. One paper focuses on the prediction of human casualties in the event that a large earthquake occurs anywhere on the globe. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the earthquake preparation process and in converting that understanding into forecasts of earthquake occurrence.

Description / Table of Contents: Climate events, storms, damage. Dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, presque tous les événements naturels extrêmes pourraient être qualifiés de désastre. Sur les 25 catastrophes les plus couteuses depuis 1970, toutes sont survenues après 1987 et 23 d'entre elles sont liées aux conditions climatiques. Et cela n'arrive pas qu'aux autres. La France, elle non plus, n'est pas épargnée : 88 morts et 9 milliards d'euros de dégats pour les tempêtes de décembre 1999, près de 15000 décès pour la canicule du 1er au 20 aout 2003. La récente tempête Xynthia, avec ses ruptures de digues, a provoqué 53 morts, s'ajoutant à tant d'autres tragédies survenues dans des zones inondables, et nous interrogeant. Sommes-nous prêts par exemple à affronter une crue comparable à celle de 1910 dans le Paris de demain? Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, nous savons que nous devons nous préparer à des événements extrêmes plus dangereux, quelquefois inédits. Ces événements voient leurs effets amplifiés par le développement urbain, le surpeuplement des zones littorales et l'anthropisation des milieux naturels. Ils représentent de véritables « trappes à pauvreté » pour les pays les plus pauvres de la Planète. C'est l'objet de ce rapport de l'Académie des Sciences qui analyse la question de ces événements climatiques extrêmes et de leurs conséquences prévisibles sur les systèmes économiques, sociaux, sanitaires et de sécurité.Un réel besoin d'anticipation existe donc : notre pays est-il prêt à y répondre? Participe-t-il suffi samment aux actions internationales visant à réduire les risques? Dispose-t-il d'une information scientifique appropriée?

Description / Table of Contents: This book explores how efficiency is measured and reported at coal-fired power plants. Armed with this information, policy makers would be in a better position to monitor and, if necessary, regulate how coal is used for power generation. The tools and techniques described will be of value to anyone with an interest in the more sustainable use of coal. Coal is the biggest single source of energy for electricity production and its share is growing. The efficiency of converting coal into electricity matters: more efficient power plants use less fuel and emit less climate-damaging carbon dioxide. This book explores how efficiency is measured and reported at coal-fired power plants. With many different methods used to express efficiency performance, it is often difficult to compare plants, even before accounting for any fixed constraints such as coal quality and cooling-water temperature. Practical guidelines are presented that allow the efficiency and emissions of any plant to be reported on a common basis and compared against best practice. A global database of plant performance is proposed that would allow under-performing plants to be identified for improvement. Armed with this information, policy makers would be in a better position to monitor and, if necessary, regulate how coal is used for power generation. The tools and techniques described will be of value to anyone with an interest in the more sustainable use of coal.

Description / Table of Contents: Scaling-up investment in energy efficiency is essential to achieving a sustainable energy future. Despite energy efficiency’s recognised advantages as a bankable investment with immense climate change mitigation benefits, most of the energy efficiency potential remains untapped and the investment gap to achieve climate goals is tremendous. This report seeks to improve understanding as to why this is so, and what can be done about it.

Description / Table of Contents: Tetracycline Resistance Gene in Asian Aquatic Environments / S. Suzuki / pp. 1-8 --- Effects of Veterinary Medicines Introduced via Manure into Soil on Microbial Communities / H. Heuer, C. T. T. Binh, C. Kopmann, U. Zimmerling, E. Krögerrecklenfort and K. Smalla / pp. 9-13 --- Abundance of Sulfonamide-resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes in Integrated Aquaculture-agriculture Ponds, North Vietnam / P. T. P. Hoa, S. Managaki, N. Nakada, H. Takada, D. H. Anh, P. H. Viet, P. T. Hien and S. Suzuki / pp. 15-22 --- Bacterial Mercury Resistance of TnMERI1 and Its' Application in Bioremediation / C.-C. Huang, M.-F. Chien and K.-H. Lin / pp. 23-29 --- Distribution of Mercury Resistance Determinants in a Highly Mercury Polluted Area in Taiwan / M.-F. Chien, K.-H. Lin, J.-E. Chang, C.-C. Huang, G. Endo and S. Suzuki / pp. 31-36 --- Aeromonas molluscorum Av27: A Potential Natural Tool for TBT Decontamination / A. Cruz, I. Henriques, A. Correia, S. Suzuki and S. Mendo / pp. 37-46 --- Distribution of Aerobic Arsenite Oxidase Genes within the Aquificales / N. Hamamura, R. E. Macur, Y. Liu, W. P. Inskeep and A.-L. Reysenbach / pp. 47-55 --- The Effect of Zinc Exposure on the Bacteria Abundance and Proteolytic Activity in Seawater / C. W. Bong, F. Malfatti, F. Azam, Y. Obayashi and S. Suzuki / pp. 57-63 --- Biodiversity of Bacteria that Dechlorinate Aromatic Chlorides and a New Candidate, Dehalobacter sp. / N. Yoshida and A. Katayama / pp. 65-76 --- PAH Degrading Bacteria in an Estuarine System / F. J. R. C. Coelho, S. Sousa, L. Santos, A. L. Santos, A. Almeida, N. C. M. Gomes and Â. Cunha / pp. 77-87 --- Isolation of Surfactant-Resistant Bacteria from the Surface Microlayer / A. Louvado, A. L. Santos, F. Coelho, S. Sousa, A. Moreira, F. Gomes, A. Almeida, N. C. M. Gomes and Â. Cunha / pp. 89-95 --- Bacterial Degradation of Microcystin / P. M. Manage, C. Edwards and L. A. Lawton / pp. 97-104 --- Risk Assessment of Dioxins in Wild Birds by the Combination of Contamination Level and Species-Specific Response of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor / H. Iwata and E.-Y. Kim / pp. 105-112 --- Interindividual Variation in Arsenic Metabolism in a Vietnamese Population: Association with 17 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in AS3MT / T. Agusa, H. Iwata, J. Fujihara, T. Kunito, H. Takeshita, T. B. Minh, P. T. K. Trang, P. H. Viet and S. Tanabe / pp. 113-119 --- Endocrine Disruption, Reproductive Cycle and Pollutants in Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis / C. M. Ciocan, M. A. Puinean, E. Cubero-Leon, E. M. Hill, C. Minier, M. Osada, N. Itoh and J. M. Rotchell / pp. 121-126 --- Novel Potential Molecular Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination in Dicentrarchus labrax and Liza aurata / P. Nogueira, M. Pacheco, M. L. Pereira, S. Mendo and J. M. Rotchell / pp. 127-138 --- The Use of Biomarkers to Evaluate the Toxicity of Metaldehyde and Methiocarb Baits to the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellionides pruinosus Brandt, 1833 / M. J. G. Santos, N. G. Ferreira, A. M. V. M. Soares and S. Loureiro / pp. 139-147 --- Experimental Mercury Bioaccumulation Trends in Sea Anemone Actinia equina Exposed to Chlor-Alkali Industry Effluent Contaminated Water / J. R. Gadelha, V. A. M. Ferreira, S. N. Abreu, A. M. V. M. Soares and F. M. R. Morgado / pp. 149-157 --- Mercury Depuration in Pomatoschistus microps during Acclimatation / S. N. Abreu, A. C. M. Rodrigues, J. R. Gadelha, F. Morgado and A. M. V. M. Soares / pp. 159-164 --- Mercury Distribution in Key Tissues of Caged Fish (Liza aurata) along an Environmental Mercury Contamination Gradient / S. Guilherme, M. E. Pereira, M. A. Santos and M. Pacheco / pp. 165-173 --- Combination of Field Monitoring and Laboratory Bioassays for the Assessment of TBT Pollution in Ria de Aveiro / F. M. G. Laranjeiro, A. C. A. Sousa, S. Takahashi, S. Tanabe and C. M. M. Barroso / pp. 175-188 --- Involvement of Retinoid X Receptor in Imposex Development in Nucella lapillus and Nassarius reticulatus—Preliminary Results / A. C. A. Sousa, C. M. Barroso, S. Tanabe and T. Horiguchi / pp. 189-196 --- Heavy Metals in Urban Channel Sediments of Aveiro City, Portugal / M. R. Pastorinho, T. C. Telfer and A. M. V. M. Soares / pp. 197-204 --- The Effects of Binary Combinations of Cadmium, Carbendazim and Ultraviolet Radiation on Daphnia magna / F. Ribeiro, A. M. V. M. Soares and S. Loureiro / pp. 205-211 --- Microevolution in a Natural Population of Daphnia longispina Exposed to Acid Mine Drainage / R. M. Silva, F. Pereira, J. Carneiro, O. Sobral, R. Ribeiro, A. Amorim, A. M. V. M. Soares and I. Lopes / pp. 213-218 --- Measurement of Genotoxic Endpoints in Earthworms Exposed to Radioactive Wastes from an Abandoned Uranium Mine / J. Lourenço, R. Pereira, A. C. Silva, J. M. Morgado, J. Oliveira, F. Carvalho, A. Paiva, S. Mendo and F. Gonçalves / pp. 219-225 --- Acetylcholinesterase Characterization in the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellionides pruinosus / N. G. C. Ferreira, F. Rosário, I. Domingues, C. F. Calhôa, A. M. V. M. Soares and S. Loureiro / pp. 227-236 --- Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) Exposed to Several Toxicants: Effects on Survival, Reproduction and Avoidance Behaviour / S. C. Novais, A. M. V. M. Soares and M. J. B. Amorim / pp. 237-242 --- Combined Effects of Soil Moisture and Carbaryl on Earthworms and Plants / M. P. R. Lima, A. M. V. M. Soares and S. Loureiro / pp. 243-247

Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Specimen Bank (es-BANK) of Ehime University, Japan — Current Status and Future Perspectives — / S. Tanabe and K. Ramu / pp. 1-5 --- Thirty Years of Progress in Environmental Specimen Banking / P. R. Becker and S. A. Wise / pp. 7-14 --- Specimen Banking for Marine Animal Health Assessment / J. Kucklick, R. Pugh, P. Becker, J. Keller, R. Day, J. Yordy, A. Moors, S. Christopher, C. Bryan, L. Schwacke, C. Goetz, R. Wells, B. Balmer, A. Hohn and T. Rowles / pp. 15-23 --- Environment Canada's National Wildlife Specimen Bank: A Valuable Resource for Monitoring and Research / B. M. Braune, G. Savard, B. J. Wakeford and D. J. McGoldrick / pp. 25-32 --- The Marine Environmental Specimen Bank (Marine ESB): A Research and Environmental Monitoring Resource / R. S. Pugh, A. J. Moors, L. B. Rust, B. J. Porter and P. R. Becker / pp. 33-41 --- A Method for Analysis of Thyroid Hormones in Perchlorate-administered Rats by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Potential Application to Samples Stored in es-Bank of Ehime University / T. Kunisue, K. Kannan, J. W. Fisher and S. Tanabe / pp. 43-50 --- Concentrations of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers and Polycyclic Musks in Wastewater Treatment Plant Samples in Japan / H. Nakata and R. Shinohara / pp. 51-59 --- Retrospective Assessment of Environmental Pollution by PBDEs and HBCDs Using Sediment Core from Manila Bay, the Philippines / T. Isobe, A. Amano, K.-H. Chang, R. H. Maneja, P. B. Zamora, M. L. San Diego-McGlone, F. P. Siringan, M. Prudente, T. W. Miller and S. Tanabe / pp. 61-65 --- Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Blood of Toothed and Baleen Whales Stranded along Japanese Coastal Waters / K. Nomiyama, S. Murata, T. Kunisue, T. K. Yamada, H. Mizukawa, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 67-74 --- Environmental Monitoring of Trace Elements Using Marine Mammals as Bioindicators—Species-specific Accumulations and Temporal Trends— / S. Horai Hirata, Y. Yasuda, S. Urakami, T. Isobe, T. K. Yamada, Y. Tajima, M. Amamo, N. Miyazaki, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 75-79 --- Retrospective Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Archived Herring Gull Eggs / H. Rüdel, J. Müller, H. Jürling and C. Schröter-Kermani / pp. 81-86 --- Research Strategies and Development Possibilities of a Marine Mammal Tissue Bank: Conservation Biology and Biomolecular Science / A. Peruffo, M. Panin, M. Suman, S. Mazzariol, C. Ballarin, M. Giurisato and B. Cozzi / pp. 87-93 --- Climate Impact Research—Contributions and Options of the German ESB / M. Paulus, M. Quack, D. Teubner, M. Bartel-Steinbach, R. Klein, K. Tarricone, G. Wagner, A. Körner and M. Veith / pp. 95-101 --- Temporal Trends of Organochlorines and Trace Elements in Marine Mammals from Hong Kong / M. B. Murphy, L. Jin and P. K. S. Lam / pp. 103-110 --- Pollution Trends in India—Evidence for the Need of an Environmental Specimen Bank / A. Subramanian, G. Devanathan, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 111-118 --- Why are there Different Age Related Trends for Different Chemicals? / J. F. Mueller and L.-M. L. Toms / pp. 119-124 --- The National Environmental Specimen Bank in Korea: Establishment and Standard Operating Procedures / M. Kim, T. Choi, A. Han, J. Shin and J. Lee / pp. 125-132 --- Molecular Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Isoforms from the Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica) / H. Ishibashi, E.-Y. Kim, S. Tanabe and H. Iwata / pp. 133-139 --- Development of an in vitro Reporter Gene Assay for Screening the Ecdysone Receptor Agonists in Mysid Crustacean / M. Hirano, H. Ishibashi, E.-Y. Kim, K. Arizono and H. Iwata / pp. 141-147 --- Toxic Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) on Peripheral Nervous System of Developing Red Seabream (Pagrus major) Embryos / M. Iida, E.-Y. Kim, Y. Murakami, Y. Shima and H. Iwata / pp. 149-154 --- Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Genes in Xenopus tropicalis / K. T. Suzuki and H. Iwata / pp. 155-160 --- Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediments from Leachate and Control Wells of Benowo Dumping Site, Surabaya, Indonesia: A Preliminary Report / M. Ilyas, A. Sudaryanto, I. E. Setiawan, T. Isobe, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 161-166 --- Organohalogen and Metabolite Contaminants in Human Serum Samples from Indian E-Waste Recycling Workers / A. Eguchi, K. Nomiyama, A. Subramanian, P. Parthasarathy, K. A. Bulbule, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 167-174 --- Accumulation Features of Hydroxylated-PCBs (OH-PCBs) in the Blood of Pigs Collected from a Dumping Site for Municipal Wastes in India / H. Mizukawa, K. Nomiyama, T. Kunisue, M. X. Watanabe, A. Subramanian, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 175-181 --- UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Ultraviolet Absorbers in River Water and STP Effluent Samples / J.-W. Kim, T. Isobe and S. Tanabe / pp. 183-189 --- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Cow Milk Samples from Ghana / K. A. Asante, A. Sudaryanto, G. Devanathan, M. Bello, S. Takahashi, T. Isobe and S. Tanabe / pp. 191-198 --- Biomagnification of Arsenic Species in the Deep-sea Ecosystem of the Sagami Bay, Japan / D. Hayase, T. Agusa, S. Toyoshima, S. Takahashi, S. Horai Hirata, T. Itai, K. Omori, S. Nishida and S. Tanabe / pp. 199-204 --- Utilization of es-BANK of Ehime University for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants in Indonesia: A Case Study for Brominated Flame Retardants in Biota, Human and Environmental Samples / A. Sudaryanto, I. E. Setiawan, A. S. Riyadi, M. Ilyas, Y. Anantasena, R. Djamaluddin, T. Isobe, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 205-213 --- Specific Accumulation of BFRs in Finless Porpoises from Japan / T. Oshihoi, T. Isobe, H. Hamada, T. K. Yamada, Y. Tajima and S. Tanabe / pp. 215-222

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Key messages ; 1 The state of the environment in Europe ; 2 Climate change ; 3 Nature and biodiversity ; 4 Natural resources and waste ; 5 Environment, health and quality of life ; 6 Links between environmental challenges ; 7 Environmental challenges in a global context ; 8 Future environmentla priorities: some reflections

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - 1The world oceans, global climate driver. - Earth's climate system - a complex framework. - The great ocean currents - the climate engine. - Conclusion: Time to act. - 2 How climate change alters ocean chemistry. - The oceans - the largest CO2-reservoir. - The consequences of ocean acidification. - Oxygen in the ocean. - Climate change impacts on methane hydrates. - Conclusion: Material fluxes - getting the full picture. - 3 The uncertain future of the coasts. - Sea-level rise - an unavoidable threat. - How nature and humankind alter the coasts. - The battle for the coast. -Conclusion: The future of the coast - defence or orderly retreat?. - 4 Last stop: The ocean - polluting the seas. - Over-fertilization of the seas. - Organic pollutants in the marine environment. - Litter - pervading the ocean. - Oil pollution of marine habitats. - Conclusion: Much to be done .... - 5 Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. - Biological systems under stress. - Disruption to the plankton cycle. - Species encroaching on alien territories. - Marine biodiversity - a vital resource. - Conclusion: Impacts and repercussions. - 6 Exploiting a living resource: Fisheries. - Marine fisheries - the state of affairs. - The causes of overfishing. - Classic approaches to fisheries management. - Toward more sustainable fisheries. - Conclusion: Is sustainable fishing feasible?. - 7 Marine minerals and energy. - Fossil fuels. - Marine minerals. - Methane hydrates. - Renewable energies. - Conclusion: Pressure on the ocean floor is growing. - 8 Maritime highways of global trade. - Global shipping - a dynamic market. - Obstacles to global shipping: Piracy and terrorism. - Conclusion: A look at the future. - 9 Medical knowledge from the sea. - Active substances from marine creatures. - Searching for the causes of desease. - Legal issues in marine medical research. - Conclusion: The dawn of a new era?. - 10 The law of the sea: A powerful instrument. - A constitution for the seas. - The limits to the law of the sea. - Conclusion: The future of the law of the sea. - Overall conclusion. - Glossary. - Abbreviations. - Authors and partners. - Bibliography. - Index. - Table of figures. - Publication details.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Vorderer Orient und Ägypten: Wassertechnik und Landwirtschaft im Süden Mesopotamiens von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn der Antike ; Wasser für die assyrischen Metropolen ; Vom irdischen und himmlischen Nil - Wasser im Alten Ägypten ; Bewässerungstechniken in Südarabien: Das Reich von Saba (Jemen) ; Antike: Das Wassertunnelsystem von Khirbet Bal'ama, Palästina ; Die Wasserversorgung im Imperium Romanum ; Baden wie die Römer - Badespaß, Saunagenuss und Wellness pur ; Pisces natare oportet - Fisch muss schwimmen ; Teiche, Becken & Zisternen ; Islam: Zur Wasserversorgung islamischer Städte - Ein Überblick ; Zur Geschichte der städtischen Wasserversorgung im islamischen Jemen ; Wissenschaft und Wassertechnik der Antike und ihre Tradition im Mittelalter ; Die Uhr des Archimedes - Zur Rezeption antiker Technik in arabischen Quellen ; Wunder, Wollust, Wohlbefinden - Das türkische Bad als Utopie - Ein Kulturvergleich

Description / Table of Contents: Table des matières: Éditorial. - Les pôles. - La participation de la Marine aux activités des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises. - L'Union européenne et l'Arctique. - Activités françaises en Antarctique. L'exploration, la science et l'État. - Le statut de l'Antarctique, cinquante ans après la signture du traité de Washington. - L'Antarctique en 2010: brève approche géopolitique du sixième continent. - Les enjeux militaires de l'Arctique. - Le Canada, pays nordique, pays arctique. - La conquête des pôles. - Dans les pas de Paul-Émile Victor. - Le rechauffement climatique et les écosystèmes polaires. - Une aventure humaine et technologique. Le défi de l'Arctique. - La réalité économique des voies maritimes du nord. - La prospection et l'exploitation de nouvelles réserves d'hydrocarbures en Arctique. - Le tourisme polaire en vitesse de croisière.

Description / Table of Contents: Base de l'analyse géographique, le commentaire de paysage nécessite de s'entraîner : le présent manuel permet d'y réussir grâce à sa méthodologie claire et efficace. Cinquante fiches étudient chacune un type de paysage en offrant une photographie, son croquis d'interprétation, une présentation de documents, des pistes de réflexion pour l'analyse paysagère et des mots clefs, regroupés et définis dans un lexique général.

Description / Table of Contents: Informationsgesellschaft und allgegenwärtiges Internet, Information als Wettbewerbs- und Standortfaktor, diese Stichworte verdeutlichen die unternehmerische und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung von Information. Doch nicht nur Information allein, sondern auch die Systeme, die Informationen verarbeiten, speichern und übertragen und die Techniken, auf denen sie beruhen, verdienen Aufmerksamkeit. Informationsmanagement hat die Aufgabe, den im Hinblick auf das Unternehmensziel bestmöglichen Einsatz der Ressource Information zu gewährleisten. Das Buch vermittelt die zentrale Einsicht, dass Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken nicht nur Rationalisierungsmöglichkeiten eröffnen, sondern vor allem Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für Organisation und neue Geschäftsmodelle bieten. Die sich daraus ergebenden Chancen stehen im Mittelpunkt des Buches. Unterstützung leistet eine an die Struktur des Buches angelehnte Übungsfallstudie. Weitere Fallstudien und Unterlagen sind unter www.informationsmanagement-online.de zu finden.

Description / Table of Contents: Stress re-distribution as a result of exploitation of mineral, hydrocarbon, geothermal, and water resources cannot be eliminated. The effort must be directed to a better understanding of the underlying processes for the management of the hazard and risk associated with these operations. The study of induced seismicity has continually evolved over the past couple of decades, as underlined by both the number and complexity of applied studies required to satisfy the increased economic demands, assure the safety of the workforce and equipment, and protect the environment. A considerable effort has been put into the development of passive monitoring technology, specialized products and services being available for a wide range of applications. The recording of substantial high quality seismic data has stimulated the work on theoretical and practical aspects related to these applications, involving not only seismological knowledge, but also elements of rock mechanics, and an understanding of mining, geotechnical, and petroleum engineering. Pure and Applied Geophysics has largely contributed to raising the profile of induced seismicity research and its credibility. The range of specific analyses included in the present collection of studies expresses how powerful and resourceful passive seismic monitoring has become to so many applications. Seismic data are routinely evaluated for a series of development activities specific to each application. Engineering practice is continually improved based on trials and analyses of the ground response and stress levels, confirmed through the monitoring of seismicity. We are better equipped than ever to provide management decisions based on formalized, quantitative, and thus objective assessment.

Description / Table of Contents: Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction, dynamic rupture experiments, and analyses of earthquake and fault zone data.

Description / Table of Contents: Limestone is a highly successful and widely used building material, found in many important historic buildings and new monuments around the world. Whilst its success reflects its durability under a wide range of environmental conditions, there are still important questions surrounding the selection, use and conservation of building limestones. In order to make best use of new limestone today, and to conserve old limestone most effectively, we need to bring modern research methods to bear on understanding the characteristics of different limestones, what mortars to use, and how key limestones have responded to polluted atmospheres. This volume brings together recent inter-disciplinary research on these issues, illustrating the diversity of innovative techniques that are now being applied to furthering our understanding of building limestones.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains a collection of stratigraphic and diagenetic case studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate sequences from the Tethyan realm. High levels of industry and academic interest in the region have generated numerous multi-disciplinary studies of these sequences, a selection of which are presented in this volume. The studies presented are based on both comprehensive subsurface datasets from important hydrocarbon-bearing strata of the Middle East and the excellent surface exposures in the region of interest. The studies presented in this volume may serve as suitable starting points in the development of age and architecture specific carbonate reference models. Such models can form the basis of internally consistent models for carbonate deposition, sequence development and reservoir performance. Ideally such models, suitably scaled, will be equally applicable to academic studies, the exploration and development phases of the field life cycle and in the prediction of future reservoir performance.

Description / Table of Contents: Sie möchten Visual Basic oder ganz allgemein programmieren lernen? Dann führt Sie dieses Buch schnell und sicher zum Ziel. Angefangen bei den absoluten Grundlagen zu Variablen, Operatoren, Schleifen und Co. über objektorientierte Programmierung und Fehlerbehandlung bis hin zu Datenbankanwendungen mit ADO.NET und Internetanwendungen mit ASP.NET werden alle wichtigen Themen anhand anschaulicher Beispiele gut verständlich erläutert. Ausführliche Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitungen und regelmäßige Zusammenfassungen sichern dabei Ihren Lernerfolg. Ihr neu gewonnenes Wissen können Sie zudem an einer Vielzahl von Übungsaufgaben unter Beweis stellen und an Musterlösungen überprüfen, so dass Sie schon bald in der Lage sein werden, selbstständig eigene Windows-Programme zu entwickeln.

Description / Table of Contents: Wenn Sie ein Buch suchen, dass Ihnen bei allen Fragen der C#-Entwicklung zuverlässig mit Rat und Tat zur Seite steht, dann ist unser bewährtes Kompendium genau das Richtige für Sie. Mittlerweile in der 5. Auflage erschienen, dient es ambitionierten Ein- und Umsteigern durch seine strukturierte Vorgehensweise und die zahlreichen Anwendungsbeispiele als praxisorientierte Einführung; Fortgeschrittene und Profis unterstützt es als Nachschlagewerk optimal bei ihrer täglichen Arbeit. In den ersten Kapiteln werden zunächst die Grundlagen von C#, .NET und der objektorientierten Programmierung vermittelt. Es folgen Kapitel zur effizienten Entwicklung mit Visual Studio 2010, zur Fehlerbehandlung sowie zu fortgeschrittenen C#-Themen wie LINQ, Multithreading, Serialisierung u.v.m. Den größten Themenblock bildet die Entwicklung von grafischen Benutzeroberflächen. Neben einer fundierten Einführung in die WPF und XAML erfahren Sie hier alles Notwendige, um auch komplexe Anwendungen zu gestalten. Anschließend wird die Datenbankprogrammierung mit ADO.NET ausführlich behandelt und zu guter Letzt die Weitergabe von .NET-Anwendungen thematisiert. So sind Sie für Ihren Arbeitsalltag bestens gerüstet!

Description / Table of Contents: This is a collective volume on present-day globalisation with nine chapters from authors of several academic disciplines. It covers wide aspects, ranging from the nature, impact, challenges and implications of globalisation to responses from a country or community when facing globalisation today or tomorrow. Policy suggestions are also made. This book will hence help the reader to understand the currently debated issues.

Description / Table of Contents: Vibration is a phenomenon that we can perceive in many systems. Their effects are as diverse as the personal discomfort that can produce the unevenness of a road or the collapse of a building or a bridge during an earthquake. This book is a compendium of research works on vibration analysis and control. It goes through new methodologies that help us understand and mitigate this phenomenon. This book is divided into two sections. The first one is devoted to new advances on vibration analysis while the second part is a series of case studies that illustrate novel techniques on vibration control. The applications are varied and include areas such as vehicle suspension systems, wind turbines and civil engineering structures.

Description / Table of Contents: The chapters in this volume represent an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Theoretical and Computational Methods in Mineral Physics held prior (December 10-12, 2009) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held at the Doubletree Hotel & Executive Meeting Center in Berkeley, California. Mineral physics is one of the three pillars of geophysics, the other two being geodynamics and seismology. Geophysics advances by close cooperation between these fields. As such, mineral physicists investigate properties of minerals that are needed to interpret seismic data or that are essential for geodynamic simulations. To be useful, mineral properties must be investigated in a wide range of pressures, temperatures, and chemical compositions. The materials and conditions in the interior of Earth and other terrestrial planets present several challenges. The chemical composition of their mantles is complex with at least five major oxide components and tens of solid phases. Today, these challenges are being addressed by a combination of experimental and computational methods, with experiments offering precise information at lower pressures and temperatures, and computations offering more complete and detailed information at conditions more challenging to experiments. While bulk properties of materials are fundamental to understanding a planet’s state, atomistic inspection of these complex materials are fundamental to understanding their properties. A connection is then established between atomic and planetary scale phenomena, which mineral physicists are in a unique position to appreciate. This book presents a set of review articles offering an overview of contemporary research in computational mineral physics. Fundamental methods are discussed and important applications are illustrated. The opening chapter by John Perdew and Adrienn Ruzhinszky discusses the motivation, history, and expressions of Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (DFT) and approximations for exchange and correlation. This is the established framework for investigation of a condensed matter system’s ground state electronic density and energy. It also discusses the recent trend to design higher-level semi-local functionals, with solid state applications in mind. It presents arguments in favor of semi-local approximations for condensed matter and discusses problematic cases where fully non-local approximations are needed. The following article by Yan Zhao and Donald Truhlar, demonstrates current research in search of appropriate exchange and correlation energy functionals. It reviews the performance of families of local, semi-local, and fully non-local exchange and correlation functionals: the so-called “Minnesota” functionals. These new functionals have been designed to give broad accuracy in chemistry and perform very well in difficult cases where popular functionals fail badly. The prospects for their successful applications are encouraging. Stefano Baroni, Paolo Gianozzi, and Eyvaz Isaev, introduce Density Functional Perturbation Theory, a suitable technique to calculate vibrational properties of extended materials using a combination of density functional theory and linear response techniques. This method gives very accurate phonon frequencies which, in combination with the quasi-harmonic approximation, allow one to study thermal properties of materials. The next chapter by Renata Wentzcovitch, Yonggang Yu, and Zhongqing Wu review the applications of density functional perturbation theory to the investigation thermodynamic properties and phase relations in mantle minerals. The series of studies summarized in this review have explored the accuracy of DFT within its most popular approximations for exchange and correlation energy in combination with the quasiharmonic approximation to offer results with useful accuracy for geophysical studies. The following article by Renata Wentzcovitch, Zhongqing Wu, and Pierre Carrier, summarizes the combination of the quasiharmonic approximation with elasticity theory to investigate thermoelastic properties of minerals at conditions of the Earth interior. Some unfamiliar but essential aspects of the quasiharmonic approximation are discussed. Thermoelastic properties of minerals are essential to interpret seismic observations. Therefore, some examples of interpretation of seismic structures are reviewed. The article by David Ceperley, returns to the fundamental theme of calculations of ground state energy in condensed matter and introduces Quantum Monte Carlo methods. These methods treat exactly the quantum many-body problem presented by a system of electrons and ions. They treat electrons as particles rather than a scalar charge-density field, as done by DFT. These are computationally intensive methods but the only exact ones. The following article by Lubos Mitas and Jindrich Kolorenc, reviews applications of these methods to transition metals oxides, materials that have some aspects in common with mantle minerals. One of the examined systems, FeO, is a most important component of mineral solid solutions. Matteo Cococcioni continues exploring the same theme. He discusses a modified density functional useful for addressing cases like FeO, which are untreatable by standard DFT. The DFT + Hubbard U method (DFT+U) is a practical approximate method that enables investigations of electronically and structurally complex systems, like minerals. The application of this method to a contemporary and central problem in mineral physics, pressure and temperature induced spin-crossovers in mantle minerals, is reviewed in the next chapter by Han Shu, Koichiro Umemoto, and Renata Wentzcovitch. The geophysical implications of the spin-crossover phenomenon, an electronic transition, are still unclear but some possibilities are suggested. Michael Ammann, John Brodholt, and David Dobson discuss simulations of bulk ionic diffusion. This property plays an important role in chemical exchange between and within crystalline and melt phases. It plays an important role in the kinetics of phase transitions, compositional zoning, mineral growth, and other important geochemical processes. It can also control rheological properties, especially in the diffusion creep regime, and thus the time scale of mantle convection. This is a very difficult property to investigate at combined pressures and temperature conditions of the mantle, therefore, calculations play a very important role in this area. Phillip Carrez and Patrick Cordier discuss modeling of dislocations and plasticity in deep Earth materials. This article focuses on recent developments in dislocation modeling and applications to our understanding of how the direction of mantle flow is recorded in polycrystalline texture. Next, the article by Stephen Stackhouse and Lars Stixrude, discusses theoretical methods for calculating lattice thermal conductivity in minerals, which controls the cooling of Earth’s core. Measurements of thermal conductivity at lower mantle conditions are very challenging to experiments and calculations are a valuable alternative to learning about this property. This article describes the most common methods to calculate this property and presents a review of studies of the lattice thermal conductivity of periclase. Artem Oganov discusses the prediction of high pressure crystal structures. A genetic algorithm for structural prediction is described and numerous applications predicting new phases with novel properties and phases that can explain experimental data so far not understood is presented. This is a most recent development on the subject of structural predictions, a subject that has been pursued by simulations for several decades now. The possibility of predicting structure and composition by this method is also pointed out. Koichiro Umemoto and Renata Wentzcovitch continue on the same theme of structural prediction by a different approach: combination of phonon calculations and variable cell shape molecular dynamics. The former indicates unstable displacement modes in compressed structures; the latter searches for structures resulting from the superposition of these unstable modes to the compressed lattice. This approach is illustrated with the search of mineral structures at multi-Mbar pressures that are still challenging to static or dynamic compression experiments, but have great interest in view of the discovery of terrestrial exoplanets with several Earth masses. The following chapter by Koichiro Umemoto is on simulations of phase transitions on a different class of planet forming material: H2O-ice. Ice has a rich phase diagram but many of its phase relations are unknown: large hysteresis precludes their direct measurements in manageable time scales. Therefore, calculations acquire special significance but they are also challenging, the main reasons being the description of hydrogen bond by DFT and hydrogen disorder. Dario Alfè presents a review of first principles calculations of properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions. This chapter includes examples of applications of multiple techniques used in studies of high temperature properties, structure, and melting lines. Results from Quantum Monte Carlo are compared with those from DFT, and results from molecular dynamics simulations are contrasted with predictions of quasiharmonic theory. These comparisons are instructive and illustrate the breadth of research in computational mineral physics. The following chapter by Bijaya Karki turns to DFT based simulations of another type of melt: ionic silicates and oxides. The article discusses the methodology used in these simulations and specially developed methods to analyze the results. The properties of interest are high temperature equations of state, thermodynamics properties, atomic and electronic structure, and self-diffusion and viscosity. Visualization of atomic motion is one of the valuable approaches discussed to gain insight into changes in melt structure with pressure and temperature. These studies are illustrated for 3 melts along the MgO-SiO2 join. The following three articles are devoted primarily to the introduction of inter-atomic potentials of broad applicability and relatively high accuracy, and applications to large scale simulations. The first article by Julian Gale and Kate Wright describes the current status of the derivation of force-fields and their applications to static and lattice dynamic calculations in mineral physics. This is done in the context of the General Utility Lattice Program (GULP), which has become quite popular. A selection of applications illustrating the possibilities of this code is then presented. Victor Vinograd and Bjoern Winkler illustrate another important type of application of force-field models: an efficient cluster expansion method to investigate binary mineral solid solutions. The article focuses on a rock-salt system but the technique is general. This type of problem is central to mineral physics and ingenious combinations of first principles methods, force-field models, and purely parameterized free energy expressions, combined with molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo techniques are necessary to address this problem. The predictive treatment of properties of ionic solid solutions is a major challenge in mineral physics. Mark Ghiorso and Frank Spera discuss long duration large scale molecular dynamics simulations using empirical pair-potentials. This article illustrates the concrete requirements on the number of atoms and time scales necessary to obtain information on transport properties such as shear viscosity and lattice thermal conductivity using Green-Kubo theory. These more than 1000-atom and pico-second simulations also improve the statistics in the estimation of equilibrium properties. Finally, the article by Lars Stixrude and Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni on the thermodynamics of Earth’s mantle, gives an overview of how the elucidation of materials behavior governs planetary processes. It explains how the complexity of the Earth’s mantle demands methods that are complementary to first principles calculations and experiments. These methods must allow one to interpolate among and extrapolate from results on minerals with limited compositions to the full chemical richness of the silicate mantle. It then illustrates how the derived properties of multi-phase multi-component systems are used to address mantle heterogeneity on multiple length scales, ranging from that of the subducting slab to the possibility of mantle-wide radial variations in bulk composition.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper is part of the IEA ongoing analysis of global renewable energy markets and policies. It focuses on six Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The report investigates the potentials and barriers for scaling up market penetration of renewable energy technologies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors in the six countries.

Description / Table of Contents: This paper looks at three clean energy product categories: equipment energy efficiency; low-carbon transport, including high-efficiency vehicles and electric/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EV/PHEVs); and solar photovoltaic (PV) power. Each section identifies ways to enhance global co-operation among major economies through case studies and examples, and ends with specific suggestions for greater international collaboration on market transformation efforts. An annex with more detailed case studies on energy-efficient electric motors, televisions, external power supplies and compact fluorescent lights is included in the paper.

Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of worldwide efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA has estimated that the broad deployment of low-carbon energy technologies could reduce projected 2050 emissions to half 2005 levels – and that CCS could contribute about one-fifth of those reductions. Reaching that goal, however, would require around 100 CCS projects to be implemented by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050.

Description / Table of Contents: Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are set to double by 2050 unless decisive action is taken. International Energy Agency (IEA) analysis demonstrates, however, that it is possible – in the same timeframe to 2050 – to reduce projected greenhouse-gas emissions to half 2005 levels, but this will require an energy technology revolution, involving the aggressive deployment of a portfolio of low-carbon energy technologies.

Description / Table of Contents: The Global Redesign Initiative was a global, multistakeholder dialogue on the future of international cooperation. Set up in the midst of the global financial crisis, its purpose was to stimulate thinking and debate about how the international community and its institutions and organizations in their widest sense can be adapted to contemporary challenges. The distillation of this process has helped the Forum's many communities to develop proposals that seek to highlight potential responses to the challenge of adapting to a new global business and social environment.

Description / Table of Contents: "An interdisciplinary study of democratic theory, empirical political science, psychology, and philosophy. Proposes a multidimensional process model of empathy that incorporates both affective and cognitive features to demonstrate the importance of empathy in fulfilling democracy's promise of giving equal consideration to all citizens in collective decisions"--Provided by publisher

Description / Table of Contents: Viele sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen beruhen auf Rekonstruktionen von Situationen oder Prozessen. Das Lehrbuch vermittelt anhand zweier Beispieluntersuchungen anwendungsbereites Wissen über alle Phasen solcher rekonstruierender Untersuchungen und stellt je eine Erhebungs- und eine Auswertungsmethode ausführlich vor. Die Interviewpartner werden als Experten aufgefasst, die über spezifisches Wissen über die zu rekonstruierenden Sachverhalte verfügen. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ermöglicht eine systematische Extraktion relevanter Informationen aus den Interviews und ist zugleich offen für nicht erwartete Befunde. Mit Lernfragen nach jedem Kapitel und einer übersichtlichen Gliederung eignet sich das Buch als praxisorientierte Einführung.

Description / Table of Contents: "The world's polar regions are attracting more interest than ever before. Once regarded as barren, inhospitable places where only explorers go, the north and south polar regions have been transformed into high profile tourism destinations, increasingly visited by cruise ships as well as becoming accessible with direct flights. Tourism is seen as one of the few economic opportunities in these regions but at the same time the polar regions are being opened up to tourism development they are being affected by a number of new factors that are interconnected to travel and tourism. Climate change, landscape and species loss, increasing interest in energy resources and minerals, social changes in indigenous societies, and a new polar geopolitics all bring into question the sustainability of polar regions and the place of tourism within them

Description / Table of Contents: Das Abschmelzen der Polkappen und der Anstieg des Meeresspiegels sowie die daraus resultierenden Veränderungen des Planeten gehören zu den Hauptängsten der Menschheit im 21. Jahrhundert. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass sich Philosophie und Ethik bislang noch nicht intensiver mit der Problematik beschäftigt haben. James Garvey liefert mit seinem nun auch auf Deutsch vorliegenden Werk eine grundlegende philosophische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Klimawandel. Eindringlich beschreibt er zunächst die ökologischen Probleme, die uns in den nächsten Jahrzehnten beschäftigen werden, sowie die daraus resultierenden philosophisch-ethischen Fragen. Dann entwickelt er mit zahlreichen Beispielen eine Ethik, die den neuen Herausforderungen gerecht werden kann. Auf lebendige und stilistisch ansprechende Weise zeigt er, dass ein Wandel im gesellschaftlichen Denken und Handeln auch und gerade von der Philosophie ausgehen muss, um nachhaltige Wirkung zeigen zu können.

Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of Illustrations; Preface; PART ONE: What Has Controlled Earth's Climate?; CHAPTER ONE: Climate and Human History; PART TWO: Nature in Control; CHAPTER TWO: Slow Going for a Few Million Years; CHAPTER THREE: Linking Earth's Orbit to Its Climate; CHAPTER FOUR: Orbital Changes Control Ice-Age Cycles; CHAPTER FIVE: Orbital Changes Control Monsoon Cycles; CHAPTER SIX: Stirrings of Change; PART THREE: Humans Begin to Take Control; CHAPTER SEVEN: Early Agriculture and Civilization; CHAPTER EIGHT: Taking Control of Methane

Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER NINE: Taking Control of CO[sub(2)]CHAPTER TEN: Have We Delayed a Glaciation?; CHAPTER ELEVEN: Challenges and Responses; PART FOUR: Disease Enters the Picture; CHAPTER TWELVE: But What about Those CO[sub(2)] "Wiggles"?; CHAPTER THIRTEEN: The Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Which One?; CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Pandemics, CO[sub(2)], and Climate; PART FIVE: Humans in Control; CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Greenhouse Warming: Tortoise and Hare; CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Future Warming: Large or Small?; CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: From the Past into the Distant Future; EPILOGUE; CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Global-Change Science and Politics

Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER NINETEEN: Consuming Earth's GiftsAfterword to the Princeton Science Library Edition; Bibliography; Figure Sources; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Y

Description / Table of Contents: The impact on climate from 200 years of industrial development is an everyday fact of life, but did humankind''s active involvement in climate change really begin with the industrial revolution, as commonly believed? Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum has sparked lively scientific debate since it was first published--arguing that humans have actually been changing the climate for some 8,000 years--as a result of the earlier discovery of agriculture. The ""Ruddiman Hypothesis"" will spark intense debate. We learn that the impact of farming on greenhouse-gas levels, thousands of years before the i

Description / Table of Contents: Появившиеся в последние десятилетия новые данные (множественные радиометрические определения возраста памятников, в том числе их ряды, для памятников голоценового каменного века Северо-Восточной Азии), а также новые геоархеологические объекты (например, палеолитическая Янская стоянка - самый северный памятник раннего верхнего палеолита мира), позволяют обратиться к рассмотрению проблем хронометрии последовательностей культурноисторического развития Северо-Востока Азии в позднем неоплейстоцене и голоцене, в эпохи, предшествовавшие формированию современной этнической карты этих территорий. Наибольшее внимание в предлагаемой работе уделено проблемам радиоуглеродной хронологии и хроностратиграфии памятников верхнего палеолита, документирующих на настоящий момент древнейшие достоверные этапы расселения человека на Северо-Востоке Азии. Для археологов, специалистов в области четвертичной геологии, геоморфологов, палеогеографов.

Description / Table of Contents: В книге рассматриваются два природных объекта, определяющие многие особенности природы России - климат и вечная мерзлота. Представлена сложная многоплановая связь вечной мерзлоты ( ее температуры, распространения, криогенных процессов) с климатом, динамика мерзлоты под влиянием неоднократных изменений климата на протяжении последних этапов геологической истории Земли и в наше время. Изложены современные представления об изменениях климата и его причинах (естественного и антропогенного характера), периодичности колебаний. Исследуется реакция вечной мерзлоты на изменения климата - естественные (колебательные, с разными периодами колебаний) и антропогенные, включая техногенное воздействие (направленного характера). Книга написана для широкого круга специалистов - географов, геологов, инженеров, преподавателей, студентов, чья профессиональная деятельность связана с районами распространения вечной мерзлоты, а также для всех тех, кто интересуется науками о Земле.

Description / Table of Contents: Translation of the abstract: The book deals with two natural objects that determine many of the features of Russia's nature - climate and permafrost. The complex multifaceted relationship of permafrost (its temperature, distribution, cryogenic processes) with climate is presented, the dynamics of permafrost under the influence of repeated climate changes during the last stages of the geological history of the Earth and in our time. Present-day ideas about climate change and its causes (natural and anthropogenic) and periodicity of fluctuations are presented. The reaction of permafrost to climate change - natural (oscillatory, with different periods of fluctuations) and anthropogenic, including technogenic impact (directional nature) is being studied. The book is written for a wide range of specialists - geographers, geologists, engineers, teachers, students whose professional activities are related to permafrost areas, as well as for all those who are interested in the Earth sciences.