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  • Articles  (20,697)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,307)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5,390)
  • 1975-1979  (17,061)
  • 1950-1954  (3,636)
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  • Articles  (20,697)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ermittlung von Potentialbereichen der Anfälligkeit für Spannungsrißkorrosion durch elektrochemische Messungen sowie durch Spannungsrißkorrosionsversuche mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit und konstanter LastDie Ermittlung kritischer Potentialbereiche der Anfälligkeit von Werkstoffen für Spannungsrißkorrosion (SpRK) ist sowohl für die Voraussage möglicher Korrosionsschäden infolge von SpRK als auch für den anodischen oder kathodischen Korrosionsschutz von großer praktischer Bedeutung. Hierzu wurde im Schrifttum ein Kurzzeit-Prüfverfahren beschrieben, welches auf der Vorstellung beruht, daß kritische Potentialbereiche der SpRK durch stärkere Unterschiede im Verlauf von stationär und nichtstationär gemessenen Strom-Potential-Kurven gekennzeichnet sind.Die Gültigkeit dieser Vorstellung wurde für zwei Systeme untersucht: (a) 18/8 Chrom-Nickel-Stahl/siedende 42%ige Magnesiumchlorid-Lösung und (b) niedriglegierter Kohlenstoff-Mangan-Stahl/3 M Na2CO3-Lösung (40 bis 70 °C). Versuchsergebnisse wurden erhalten aus (a) potentiodynamisch mit niedriger und hoher Potentialänderungsgeschwindigkeit gemessenen Strom-Potential-Kurven; (b) SpRK-Versuchen unter konstanter Last und (c) SpRK-Versuchen unter konstanter Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit. Die SpRK-Versuche wurden unter potentiostatischer Kontrolle durchgeführt und die geprüften Proben anschließend an die Versuche sorgfältig metallografisch untersucht.Aus den Versuchsergebnissen ist zu schließen, daß Unterschiede im Verlauf von mit niedriger und hoher Potentialänderungsgeschwindigkeit gemessenen Strom-Potential-Kurven keine notwendige Voraussetzung für das Auftreten von SpRK sind. Sie können zwar möglicherweise Hinweise für Versuchsbedingungen geben, unter denen SpRK erwartet werden kann, jedoch sind derartige Versuche kein Ersatz für herkömmliche Untersuchungsverfahren zum Ermitteln einer Anfälligkeit von Werkstoffen für SpRK.
    Notes: For the prediction of possible failures due to SCC as well as for corrosion prevention by anodic or cathodic protection, the evaluation of critical potential ranges for susceptibility to SCC is of great practical importance. For this purpose, accelerated testing techniques have been described in the literature basing on the conception that critical potential ranges for SCC are characterized by marked differences of the slope of the stationary and nonstationary measured current-potential-curves.The validity of this conception was investigated for two systems: (i) 18/8 stainless steel/boiling 42% MgCl2 and (ii) low-alloy C-Mn-steel/3M Na2CO3 (40 to 70 °C). Experimental data were obtained by (i) potentiodynamically with high and low potential sweep rates measured current-potential-curves; (ii) constant-load and (iii) constant strain rate SCC experiments. The SCC experiments were run under potentiostatic control and followed by careful metallografic investigation of the specimens.From the experimental results one has to conclude that differences in the slope of the current-potential-curves measured with variable, high and low potential sweep rates, are no necessary precondition for the occurence of SCC. Possibly they can give indication for experimental conditions under which SCC might be expected, but they are no substitute for conventional test methods to investigate susceptibility of materials to SCC.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 34-37 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Importance of ions of strong acids and bases for the corrosion of coated and uncoated unalloyed steelsNeutral salts can deteriorate the formation of protective layers in water. Furthermore, formation of corrosion cells due to different pH-values is possible. Low pH-values and anodes resp. high pH-values and cathodes are related to reactions of the ions of strong acids resp. strong bases. Similar reactions are responsible for blistering of coated steel being anodically or cathodically polarized.
    Notes: Neutralsalze beeinträchtigen die Schutzschichtbildung in neutralen Wässern. Ferner ermöglichen sie die Ausbildung von Korrosionselementen durch Unterschiede im pH-Wert. Niedrige pH-Werte und Lokalanoden bzw. hohe pH-Werte und Lokalkathoden sind an die Gegenwart der Ionen starker Säuren bzw. Basen gebunden. In gleicher Weise erzeugen diese Ionen auch Blasen in Beschichtungen bei anodischer oder kathodischer Belastung.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 9-34 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of pH-value, oxygen content and flow velocity of cold drinking water on corrosion behaviour and surface layer forming of galvanized steel tubesDuring a test program of 28 months determinations of weight loss, metallographical examinations and chemical analysis data of surface layers showed clearly that in the chosen variation range mainly the pH is important for the longterm behaviour and the expected working life of galvanized steel tubes. Lower pH-values of 6.9 lead to increased rates of Zinc attack and to inhomogene, disturbed surface layers, whereas higher pH-values of 7.9 show decreased Zinc loss and favour the forming of well protecting layers. Oxygen content and flow velocity become important only in the early stage of Zinc corrosion. Additional electrochemical measurements gave a good impression of Zinc corrosion rate development, corrosion attack morphology and properties of surface layers.
    Notes: Im Verlauf eines 28monatigen Versuchsprogramms zeigten Bestimmungen des Massenverlustes, metallographische und Deckschichtuntersuchungen, daß im Rahmen der gewählten Variationsbreite hauptsächlich der pH-Wert für das langfristige Verhalten und die zu erwartende Lebensdauer feuerverzinkter Stahlrohre von Bedeutung ist. Niedrige pH-Werte von 6,9 führen zu schnellem Zinkabtrag und schlecht schützenden Deckschichten, während erhöhte pH-Werte von 7,9 neben geringeren Korrosionsraten die Ausbildung wirksamer Schutzschichten begünstigen. Sauerstoffgehalt und Strömungsgeschwindigkeit spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Anfangsphase der Zinkkorrosion. Durch ergänzende elektrochemische Messungen konnte ein qualitativer überblick über den Verlauf des Zinkabtrags, die Form des Korrosionsangriffs und die Eigenschaften der sich bildenden Deckschichten gewonnen werden.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 46-49 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 50-54 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 43-46 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of hydrogen sulphide on the corrosion of iron in acid solutionsA considerable change of the polarisation behaviour of iron electrodes in acidic perchlorate and sulphate solutions was observed if they where saturated with hydrogen sulfide gas. H2S markedly increased the anodic current densities and increases the corrosion rates by a factor of ten. The anodic Tafel slopes d log iA/dE are only about half as steep as those in the absence of hydrogen sulphide. It is probable that the SH--ions behave as catalysts of the iron dissolution reaction in a similar manner as the OH--ions, but are adsorbed almost to saturation.
    Notes: An Eisenelektroden wurden in angesäuerten Perchlorat und Sulfatlösungen nach Einleiten von Schwefelwasserstoff erheblich veränderte Stromdichte-Potentialkurven beobachtet. Gegenüber den reinen Lösungen ergeben sich mit Schwefelwasserstoff stark erhöhte anodische Stromdichten und bis um den Faktor 10 erhöhte Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten. Dabei sind die anodischen Tafelgeraden log iA = f (E) mit H2S nur rund halb so steil wie ohne H2S. Wahrscheinlich wirken die SH--Ionen ähnlich wie die OH--Ionen als Katalysator der Eisenauflösung, sind aber bis fast zur Sättigung absorbiert.
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 38-42 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit, Betauungsdauer und relative Feuchtigkeit bei atmosphärischer KorrosionDer Einfluß der relativen Feuchtigkeit auf die Geschwindigkeit der atmosphärischen Korrosion wurde im Laboratorium mit rostbedecktem Stahl in Luft und Luft + 1 ppm Schwefeldioxid untersucht. Die Gleichung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log {\rm\; r = log\; r}_{{\rm crit}} + {\rm b''}\left({\frac{{{\rm RH } - {\rm RH}_{{\rm crit}} }}{{100 - {\rm RH}_{{\rm crit}} }}} \right) $$\end{document} beschreibt die experimentellen Ergebnisse. Dabei ist rcrit die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit bei der kritischen Relativitätsfeuchte RHcrit und b″ ist die normierte Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit bei 100% relativer Feuchtigkeit. Während der Einfluß von Natriumchlorid als Verunreinigung im Rost ziemlich groß ist, konnte keine Wirkung des Schwefeldioxids nachgewiesen werden. Die Betauungsdauer wurde bei Freibewitterung unter Verwendung eines früher beschriebenen „atmospheric corrosion monitor“ bestimmt. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß bei Bewitterung in Thousand Oaks, Cal., die Betauungsdauer RH 40% entspricht.
    Notes: The effect of relative humidity (RH) on atmospheric corrosion rates r has been studied in laboratory experiments for rust covered steel in air and air + 1 ppm SO2. The expression: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log {\rm\; r = log\; r}_{{\rm crit}} + {\rm b''}\left({\frac{{{\rm RH } - {\rm RH}_{{\rm crit}} }}{{100 - {\rm RH}_{{\rm crit}} }}} \right) $$\end{document} describes the experimental results, where rcrit is the corrosion rate at the critical relative humidity RHcrit and b″ is the normalized corrosion rate at RH = 100%. While a large effect of NaCl impurities in rust was found, no effect of SO2 was observed. Time-of-wetness was determined in outdoor exposure using the previously described atmospheric corrosion monitor (ACM). It was found that for exposure at a site in Thousand Oaks, California, the time-of-wetness corresponds to RH 〉 40%.
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 54-64 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 65-66 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 66-69 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 83-84 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 84-85 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 85-86 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 86-87 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 87-88 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion in Alkali Metal Circuits. II - Test MethodsThe test apparatus for liquid alkali metal corrosion studies of metallic materials are described. The relations between the problems to be studied and the test methods are discussed. Simple and cheap test rigs cause the restriction to stagnant melts and low temperature gradients. However, interesting results can be gained, particularly if the test pots contain instruments. Mock-up tests of technologic problems demand for control and measurement of the most important parameters as flow velocity, temperature gradients, and purity of the melt, if the results should be of value for technical use. The circuits used for this type of experiments can contain up to tons of the alkali metal melts. They may be highly expensive in this case. The experiences gained in the liquid alkali metals experimental techniques may be introduced for corrosion studies in other liquid metals.
    Notes: Die zur Untersuchung der Korrosion durch flüssige Alkalimetalle an metallischen Werkstoffen gebräuchlichen Versuchsaufbauten werden beschrieben und ihre Beziehungen zu den Fragstellungen der Versuche diskutiert. Einfache und billige Versuchsaufbauten bedingen stagnierende Metallschmelzen und nur kleine Temperaturgradienten, lassen aber vor allem in instrumentierten Behältern durchaus interessante Versuchsergebnisse erwarten. Für anwendungsnahe Untersuchungen müssen die technisch wichtigen Parameter wie Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Temperaturgradienten und Reinheit der Schmelzen einstellbar und meßbar sein, will man auf die Technik übertragbare Ergebnisse erhalten. Die für solche Versuche üblichen Kreisläufe können bis zu Tonnen der Metallschmelzen aufnehmen und sehr aufwendig werden. Aus den hier gewonnenen Erfahrungen lassen sich Korrosionsuntersuchungen in anderen Metallschmelzen in ihrer Versuchstechnik befruchten.
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  • 26
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 100-104 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation eines 18/8 Stahls in KohlendioxidDas Oxidationsverhalten von 18/8-Stahl wurde im Temperaturbereich 873-1258K (600-985°C) durch kontinuierliche Messung der Gewichtszunahme, metallographische Methoden und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Auf eine anfänglich hohe Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit folgt eine Periode mit wesentlich geringerer Oxidation. Im Anfangsstadium entsteht ein zweischichtiger Zunder. weshalb die Abnahme der Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit wahrscheinlich durch die Bildung eines geordneten, chromreichen Spinells an der Grenzfläche Oxid/Metall bedingt sein dürfte.Wenn unter Verwendung des Modells von Hales die Bildung von „heilenden„ Phasen berücksichtigt wurde, ergab sich eine echte parabolische Zeitkonstante: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_p = {\rm 1}{ .8\,\, exp}\left({\frac{{ - {\rm 230}}}{{RT}}} \right)g^2\,\, cm^{ - 4} \,\,\sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}Hierin ist die Aktivierungsenergie in KJ. mol-1 (55 kcal · mol-1) ausgedrückt.
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of an 18/8 type stainless steel has been studied in the temperature range 873-1258 K (600-985 °C) by continous weight gain measurements, metallography and scanning electron microscopy. An initial high oxidation rate was followed by a much slower rate. Duplex scales formed at an early stage of oxidation and the decrease in oxidation rate is probably due to the formation of an ordered chromium rich spinel at the oxide/metal interface.A ture parabolic rate constant (kp) was obtained taking into account the formation of the “healing” phase using the Hales model. This gave: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_p = {1.8\,\, exp}\left({\frac{{ - {\rm 230}}}{{RT}}} \right)g^2\,\, cm^{ - 4} \,\,\sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}. where the activation energy is expressed in KJ · mole-1. (55 Kcals mole-1).
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  • 27
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrelation von elektrochemischen Messungen mit und ohne Außenpotential bei der Lochkorrosion von Aluminium in chloridhaltigen MedienDie Lochkorrosion von Aluminium in Natriumchloridlösungen wurden durch Messung des freien Korrosionspotentials und der Polarisation in 3%igen Natriumchloridlösungen unter sucht. Dabei wurde die zeitliche Abhängigkeit des Potentials für verschiedene Aluminiumlegierungen bestimmt; überwiegend wurden die handelsübliche reine Legierung 1 S (Al 99, 5) und höchstreines Aluminium verwendet. Außerdem wurden Polarisationsmessungen mit der Legierung 1 S unter potentiostatischen und galvanostatischen Bedingungen in entlüfteten Lösungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Auslösung, das Wachstum und die Repassivierung der Löcher einen reproduzierbaren Verlauf in Abhängigkeit von Potential und Zeit aufweisen. Die Löcher entstehen nur oberhalb eines kritischen Potentials und repassivieren sich unterhalb eines aktiveren Schutzpotentials, was die klassischen Theorien stützt. Das Lochwachstum erfolgt entweder Makroskopisch an einer Gesamtfront oder interkristallin; Welcher der beiden Mechanismen auftritt, hängt davon ab, ob das Potential oberhalb oder unterhalb des Lochfraßpotential liegt. Die gemessenen freien Potentialwerte und die Polarisationsdaten stimmen für alle Phasen der Aluminiumkorrosion vollständig überein.
    Notes: Pitting of aluminium in NaCl solutions has been investigated by open-circuit and polarization studies in 3% NaCl solutions. The variation of the corrosion potential has been measured with respect to time for various Al alloys; however, the emphasis has been on the commercially-poure 1 S (Al 99,5) and the super-pure metal. In addition, polarization data have been obtained for the 1S alloy under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions in deaerated solutions. The results indicate that pit initiation, propagation, and repassivation show certain reproducible trends as a function of potential and time. Pits initiate only above a critical pitting potential and repassivate below a more active protection potential in support of the classical theories. Pit propagation occurs on a macroscopic front or exhibits intercrystalline nature depending on whether the potential is, respectively, above or below the pitting potential. Open-circuit and polarization data are in full correspondence regarding all phase of aluminium corrosion.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 114-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Beständigkeit von α-Bronzen gegen HochtemperaturkorrosionDie Oxidation von CuSn-Legierungen mit bis 13 Gew.-% Zinn in Sauerstoff (1 atm) wurde im Temperaturbereich 550 bis 800 °C im Abstand von jeweils 50 °C untersucht; dabei wurden die kinetischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten sowie die Morphologie und das Gefüge des Zunders mit physikalischen Methoden ermittelt, um die beiden Aspekte des Oxidationsverhaltens zu korrelieren. Die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit einer Legierung mit 3% Zinn liegt bei 550 und 600 °C unter der von Kupfer, oberhalb 600 °C jedoch darüber. Der Einfluß des Zinnzusatzes erstreckt sich auf die Wechselbeziehung zwischen verschiedenen die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit beeinflussenden Faktoren, wobei aber das Gesamtergebnis von der Temperatur abhängig ist. Bei höheren Zinngehalten ist die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit immer geringer als die von reinem Kupfer; als Ursache hierfür wird die Bildung einer Zinndioxidschicht als unterste Zone im Zunder angenommen. Diese Schicht ist zwar dünn und gewöhnlich auch diskontinuierlich, doch verlangsamt sie die Diffusion des Kupfers nach außen. Auch die höchste unter Berücksichtigung den Hochtemperaturlöslichkeit in Kupfer erreichbare Zinnkonzentration reicht noch nicht aus, um eine kontinuierliche, dicke und ausheilungsfähige Zinndioxidschicht auf der Legierungsoberfläche zu erzeugen; trotzdem wird dadurch eine deutliche Abnahme der Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit erreicht.
    Notes: The oxidation of Cu-Sn alloys containing up to 13 wt% Sn in oxygen (1 atm) has been studied in the temperature range 550 °C to 800 °C at 50 °C intervals; the investigation involved the study of the kinetics and of the morphology and structure of the scales by appropriate physical methods, with the aim of correlating the two aspects of the oxidation behaviour. The oxidation rate of a 3 wt% Sn alloy is lower than for pure Cu at 550 and 600 °C, but higher above 600°C. The effect of the tin addition is related to the interplay of many different factors affecting the reaction rate, the overall result depending on temperature. The rate of oxidation of the more concentrated alloys, however, is always lower than that of pure Cu. This result is attributed to the formation of an SnO2 layer at the base of the scale which, although thin and usually discontinous, slows down the outward diffusion of copper. The highest tin concentration allowed by its high temperature solubility in copper is not sufficient to produce a continous thick healing layer of SnO2 at the alloy surface, but nevertheless it produces a pronounced decrease of the oxidation rate.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 128-133 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 133-133 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Comparability of the dependence of corrosion and corrosion inhibition on chloride ion and inhibition on chloride ion and inhibitor concentration on the example of pure iron and steel 1405 (also phosphated)The rates of uptake of O2 under standard conditions were measured for iron powder shaken with and without added inhibitor in dependence on the amount of iron and the chloride ion concentration. The results show that the standard procedure used allows a trustworthy measure of the inhibitor efficiency to be drawn from the observed effect. The relationship between the results for DAB 6 iron powder with 1405 steel plates was confirmed by experiments performed on filings from the plates.The rate of corrosion of phosphatized 1405 steel plate is efficiently suppressed by inhibitors with phosphonic acid groups.A treatment of the unphosphatized steel plates with phosphonic acid containing inhibitors in an analogous manner to phosphatizing leads to unsatisfactory results.The conclusion was drawn that the pH value of the inhibitor at the surface layer is important for the attainment of optimal effect.
    Notes: Die Abhängigkeit der „unter Standardbedingungen“ im Schüttelversuch ohne und mit Inhibitoren ermittelten O2-Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit von der Chloridionenkonzentration und der Menge an Eisenpulver wird ermittelt. Ergebnis: die von uns bisher eingehaltenen Standardbedingungen vermitteln an Hand der Schutz werte ein qualitativ verläßliches Bild über die Inhibitorwirksamkeit.Die Vergleichbarkeit der im Schüttelversuch mit DAB 6-Eisenpulver ermittelten Werte mit den im Schüttelversuch mit 1405-Stahlblechen gefundenen Werten wird durch Versuche mit 1405-Stahlblechraspel abgesichert.Die Korrosionsrate phosphatisierter Stahlbleche 1405 wird durch Inhibitoren mit Phosphonsäuregruppen wirksam unterdrückt.Eine der Phosphatierung analoge Vorbehandlung der Stahlproen mit phosphonsäuregruppenhaltigen Inhibitoren führt zu unbefriedigenden Resultaten. Auf die Bedeutung des pH-Wertes für eine optimale Wirkung von Inhibitoren als Deckschichtbildner wird hinge wiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 133-144 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 148-155 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 155-163 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 145-146 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 146-148 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 163-164 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 164-166 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 168-168 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 179-185 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Die Korrosion von Eisen in reinem SO2 unter verschiedenen Drücken bei 700°CDie Reaktion zwischen Eisen und reinem SO2 wurde unter verschiedenen Drücken bei 700 °C untersucht. Die Versuche unter statischen Bedingungen zeigten eine große Streuung der kinetischen Daten; umgekehrt lieferten die Versuche unter Normaldruck in strömendem SO2 weitgehend reproduzierbare Ergebnisse. Diese Ergebnisse unterschieden sich jedoch in einigen Punkten von denen früherer Untersuchungen. Mögliche Deutungen werden diskutiert. Schließlich wurde die Bildung von Eisensulfid außerhalb der Bedingungen thermodynamischer Stabilität untersucht, wobei die Möglichkeit einer direkten Reaktion des Metalls mit SO2 statt mit dessen Dissoziationsprodukten betrachtet wird.
    Notes: The reaction between iron and pure SO2 under different pressures at 700 °C has been studied. The experiments carried out under static conditions showed a large scatter of kinetic data while the runs in flowing SO2 at atmospheric pressure produced fairly reproducible results under convenient conditions. They differ, however, in some aspects from previous results for the same system; possible reasons for this effect are discussed. Finally, the formation of iron sulfide beyond the conditions of thermodynamic stability is examined by considering the possibility of the direct reaction of the metal with SO2 rather than with the dissociation products of the latter.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 185-189 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spannungskorrosionsprüfung und AuswertungUntersucht wurden Werkstoffe mit dem Ziel, den Einfluß von Vorspannungen auf die Bruchfestigkeit zu ermitteln. Dabei wurden die Wirkung von Natriumchlorid auf Aluminium und nichtrostendem Stahl und die von Ammoniumhydroxid auf Messing und Kupfer geprüft. Die Bruchfestigkeit nimmt danach mit zunehmender Vorspannung ab. Für die Auswirkung wurde ein „Spannungskorrosionsindex“ definiert, der vom zu Beginn vorliegenden Vorspannungszustand abhängt; zwischen diesem Index und der prozentualen Vorspannung besteht eine lineare Beziehung.
    Notes: Experiments have been carried out on structural materials to investigate the effect of pre-straining on the rupture strength. The effect of sodium chloride on aluminium and stainless steel and that of ammonium hydroxide on brass and copper has been analysed. It hat been found that the rupture strength decreases with increasing pre-strain. A stress corrosion index has been defined and this index has been found to depend on the initial pre-strain; a linear relation exists with the percentage of pre-strain.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 169-179 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Hot dip galvanizing of silicon containing steels - the problem and some attempts to its solutionHot dip galvanizing of silicon containing steels, which are increasingly used today, involves the danger of very thick, poorly adherent, unsightly zinc coatings forming on the steel surface. Quite a number of attempts have been made to prevent this drawback. Chemical surface treatments of the steels to be galvanized did not yield the desired success, whilst mechanical surface treatments by shot blasting gave positive results in certain cases only. Galvanizing in the upper temperature range of conventional working practice (475-485 °C) appears appropriate for steels containing 0.15-0.20% Si, whereas low-temperature galvanizing at 430-440 °C using conventional galvanizing baths should be universally applicable provided that suitable methods are found for pre-heating parts of larger dimensions.Galvanizing with inhibited attack of the zinc caused by small additions of aluminium (less than 0.2%) did not yield coating thicknesses independent of the Si content of the steel. High-temperature galvanizing at more than 530 °C gives satisfactory coatings irrespective of the Si content of the steel; saturation of the galvanizing bath with iron should, however, be avoided.Low-temperature galvanizing at less than 430 °C is possible on principle, provided that the melting point of the zinc is reduced by adding alloying elements such as tin (10-30%), magnesium (3%), or aluminium (4-5%). However, tin is expensive, magnesium deteriorates the wetting properties of the steel, and aluminium requires a very careful pre-treatment, the coatings obtained exhibiting low thicknesses and dependency on the Si content of the steel with iron-saturated baths.Galvanizing with reduced zinc concentrations in zinc-saturated lead baths gave zinc coatings independent of the Si content, while currentless galvanizing in zinc-saturated salt baths was not successful.
    Notes: Beim Feuerverzinken der zunehmend Verwendung findenden siliziumhaltigen Stähle besteht die Gefahr der Bildung sehr dicker, schlecht haftender und unansehnlicher Verzinkungsschichten. Eine Vielzahl von Gegenmaßnahmen wurde erprobt. Chemische Oberflächenvorbehandlungen der zu verzinkenden Stähle waren nicht erfolgreich, mechanische Oberflächenvorbehandlungen durch Strahlen nur zum Teil. Eine Verzinkung im oberen Temperatur-Grenzbereich der konventionellen Stückverzinkung stellt als 475°/485° Verzinkung nur für Stähle mit 0,15-0,20% Si eine Hilfsmaßnahme dar, universell anwendbar sollte dagegen das Tieftemperatur- Verzinken bei 430-440 °C in konventionellen Verzinkungsbädern sein, sofern geeignete Verfahren zum Vorwärmen von Verzinkungsgut größerer Abmessungen gefunden werden. Verzinken mit inhibiertem Zinkangriff, herbeigeführt durch geringe Aluminium-Zusätze (weniger als 0,2%) zum Zink ergab keine vom Si-Gehalt des Stahles unabhängigen Schichtdicken. Hochtemperatur- Verzinken bei mehr als 530 °C ergibt eine vom Siliziumgehalt des Stahles unabhängige Verzinkung, eine Sättigung des Zinkbades an Eisen muß aber vermieden werden. Ein Tiefsttemperatur- Verzinken bei weniger als 430 °C ist im Prinzip möglich, wenn der Schmelzpunkt des Zinks durch größere Zusätze von Legierungselementen, wie z. B. Zinn (10-30%), Magnesium (3%) oder Aluminium (4-5%) abgesenkt wird. Zinn ist aber teuer, Magnesium führt zu schlechter Benetzung des Stahls, Aluminium erfordert eine äußerst sorgfältige Vorbehandlung bei zugleich geringen und in eisengesättigten Bädern vom Si-Gehalt des Stahles abhängigen Schichtdicken. Verzinken mit verminderter Zink-Konzentration in zinkgesättigten Bleibädern ergab eine vom Siliziumgehalt unabhängige Zinkauflage, stromlose Verzinkungsversuche in zinkgesättigten Salzbädern waren nicht erfolgreich.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 189-197 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Wärmebehandlung auf die Lochkorrosion von austenitischen CrNiMo-Stählen in Natriumchlorid-LösungDie Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit von Cr 17 Ni 12 Mo 2,5-Stahl in Natriumchloridlösung bei potentiostatischer Polarisation wird durch vorherige Wärmebehandlung ungünstig beeinflußt. Obwohl die Reproduzierbarkeit und Genauigkeit der Messungen wegen des statistischen Charakters der Lochkorrosion begrenzt sind, ergab sich eine systematische Abhängigkeit der Lochkorrosion von Wärmebehandlungstemperatur und -dauer sowie der Oberflächenrauhigkeit. Korrosionsstrom, Lochzahl (bzw. mittlere Fläche der Lochöffnungen) sowie die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit im Inneren der Löcher werden durch vorheriges Erhitzen auf 550-750 °C (1-100 Std.) erhöht. Die höchsten berechneten Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten ergaben sich bei Wärmebehandlungen, die für interkristalline Korrosion sensibilisierten. Der Flächenanteil der Lochöffnungen sowie die Lochwachstumsgeschwindigket waren bei mechanisch bearbeiteten Oberflächen um ein mehrfaches höher als bei polierten. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die Lochkorrosion durch den C-Gehalt nur wenig beeinflußt wird und daß Molybdänverarmung der Korngrenzenbereiche der für die verringerte Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit ursächliche Faktor ist.
    Notes: The pitting corrosion resistance of Cr 17 Ni 12 Mo 2,5 type steel under potentiostatic polarization in a sodium chloride solution is adversely affected by previous annealing. Even though the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements are limited due to the statistical nature of pitting, the data obtained were systematically dependent on annealing temperature, time and surface roughness. The corrosion current, the number of pits or the mean area of pit opening and the corrosion rate within the pits were increased by previous annealing at 550 to 750 °C for 1-100 hrs. The highest corrosion rate estimated corresponded to heat treatments provoking severe sensitization to intergranular corrosion. The percentage area of corrosion pit openings and the estimated pit penetration rates were several times higher for as-machined than for polished surfaces. It can be assumed that pitting corrosion is little affected by the carbon content and that molybdenum depletion of grain-boundary zones is responsible for the reduced pitting resistance of annealed steels.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 211-219 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 197-205 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Technico-economical evaluation of corrosion losses of steel structures in Northern BohemiaThe corrosion rates of structural steel, zinc and aluminium are estimated for the region of Northern-Bohemia on the basis of several years' weathering in 15 atmospheric weathering-stations; in addition the useful life of three-layer paint systems was evaluated in factories and electricity distribution systems in the vicinity of such weathering stations. In this context the cost are compared for replacement of corroded steel parts (thickness reduction by 50%) and by the use of corrosion protection systems (hot-galvanizing, aluminium sprayed cating and three-layer paint system including repainting at defined intervals). Hot-dip galvanizing appears to be the optimum solution with respect to cost as well as the amount of work required.
    Notes: Aufgrund von mehrjährigen Bewitterungsversuchen in 15 Bewitterungsstationen in Nord-Böhmen (ČSSR) wurden die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Baustahl, Zink und Aluminium ermittelt; außerdem wurde in Produktionsbetrieben sowie an Elektrizitätsverteilungssystemen in der Nähe der Bewitterungsstationen die Lebensdauer von dreischichtigen Anstrichsystemen ermittelt. Dabei wird eine Gegenüberstellung der Kosten vorgenommen, die sich durch Ersatz von korrodierten Stahlteilen (Abnahme auf 50% der ursprünglichen Dicke) sowie bei der Verwendung von Korrosionsschutzsystemen (Feuerverzinkung, Aluminiumspritzüberzug und dreischichtiges Anstrichsystem einschließlich der Anstricherneuerung in bestimmten Zeitabständen) ergeben. Sowohl im Hinblick auf die Kosten als auch auf den Arbeitsaufwand ist eine Feuerverzinkung die optimale Lösung.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 220-222 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 206-210 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von Kupfer in Schwefelsaure bei WärmeübergangsbedingungenBei spontaner Konvektion von der oberen horizontalen Fläche von scheibenförmigen Kupferelektroden wurde die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Kupfer in einer Lösung von 1 N Schwefelsäure + 0,001 M Kaliumdichromat gemessen. Dabei wurden die Einflüsse der Oberflächentemperatur des korrodierenden Metalls und der Einfluß der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Metalloberfläche und der Lösung ermittelt. Der beschleunigende Einfluß des Wärmeübergangs wird der zusätzlichen Strömung zugeschrieben, die durch den Temperaturgradienten erzeugt wird. Die Ergebnisse können durch die Gleichung Sh = 0.163 (Sc - GRh)0.33 wiedergegeben werden, worin Sh = Sherwood-Zahl, welche die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit unter Wärmeübergang ausdrückt, GRh = kombinierte Grasshof-Zahl für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur, und Sc = Schmidt-Zahl.
    Notes: Under the conditions of the spontaneous convection from the upper horizontal surface of disk-type copper electrodes the copper corrosion rate in a solution of 1 N H2SO4 +0.001 M K2Cr2O7 was measured. The effects of the surface temperature of the corroding metal and the effect of the temperature difference between the surface and the solution were determined. The accelerating effect of the heat transfer is attributed to the additional free flow induced by the temperature gradient. Results can be correlated by the equation Sh = 0.163 (Sc · GRh)0.33, where Sh is the Sherwood number expressing the corrosion rate at the heat transfer, GRh is the combined Grashof number for the pressure effect of concentration and temperature, and Sc is the Schmidt number.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 223-223 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 223-224 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 231-232 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 232-232 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 241-245 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of various chloride ion concentrations on the active-passive corrosion susceptibility of steel in saturated calcium hydroxide solutionThe corrosion of steel in concrete is caused mainly by the presence of chlorides. This effect was investigated by measuring potentiodynamic current-voltage-curves and by potentiostatic experiments of stressed (55 or 77% σB) plain steel electrodes in saturated Ca(OH)2-solution with varying chloride concentrations. The results show that down to Cl′-concentrations of 100 mg/l there is a significant statistical probability of corrosion within 48 hours, and that for longer times the threshold concentration may be even lower. The microscopical examination of corroded samples shows that under the experimental conditions only pitting corrosion is the cause of failure and that this pitting is promoted by the applied stress.
    Notes: Durch potentiostatische Halteversuche und Aufnahme potentiodynamischer Strom-Spannungskurven an vorgespanntem Stahldraht in luftfreier gesättigter Kalziumhydroxidlösung, die verschiedene Gehalte an Natriumchlorid enthielt, wurde gezeigt, daß schon eine Chloridionenkonzentration von 100 mg/l bei einem Potential von + 200 mV/GKE Aktiv-Passiv-Korrosion auslösen kann. Weiters wurde festgestellt, daß auch Chloridionenkonzentrationen, die unter der oben angeführten liegen, nicht als ungefährlich betrachtet werden dürfen. Die Untersuchung korrodierter Drahtelektroden ergab, daß nicht Spannungsrißkorrosion (= SpRK) sondern Lochfraßkorrosion eingetreten war.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on mass transport and chemical reactions in the system LDPE/H2SO4-The question of stress corrosion cracking in plastic materials-Investigations on mass transport and chemical reactions in the system LDPE/H2SO4 reveal different kinds of damage and chemical attack both with bulk specimen containing internal stresses only and with pipes examined in creep tests under pressure.Evaluating light microscopy and electron scanning microscopy pictures it was found that the microstructure specific to the material as well as the macrostructure determined by the production process influence the character of damage. These structural parameters combined with internal or external stresses and a critical medium lead to a kind of failure which for polymers is called “stress corrosion cracking”.
    Notes: Untersuchungen des Stofftransports und der chemischen Reaktionen im System Polyäthylen-weich/Schwefelsäure zeigen, daß sowohl an eigenspannungsbehafteten Vollproben ohne äußere Belastung, als auch an im Zeitstandinnendruckversuch geprüften Rohrproben verschiedene Schadens- und Reaktionsabläufe zu registrieren sind. Licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Ergebnisse führen zu dem Schluß, daß sowohl die werkstoffspezifische Mikrostruktur als auch die herstellungsbedingte Makrostruktur in Verbindung mit inneren und äußeren Spannungen und einem kritischen Medium zu einem Schadensbild führen, das man bei Polymerwerkstoffen als „Spannungsrißkorrosion“ bezeichnet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 255-257 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Halidionen auf die Keimbildung von Lochstellen in EisenDie Kinetik der Lochbildung auf Eisen wurde in bromid oder iodidhaltigen (0,01 n-0,5 n) Boratpufferlösungen untersucht; die Versuchsergebnisse werden mit denen für chloridhaltige Lösungen verglichen. Das kritische Lochkorrosionspotential, Ecp, nimmt linear mit dem Logarithmus der Konzentration der Halogenide ab. Bei konstantem Potential besteht ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Logarithmus der Induktionszeit und dem reziproken Potentialabstand von Ecp. Die Einwirkung der aggressiven Halogenide auf die Passivschicht wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The kinetics of the pit nucleation in iron in borate buffer solution containing bromides and iodides (0.01 n-0.5 n) has been investigated, and the results have been compared with those obtained for chloride solutions. It has been found that the critical pitting potential, Ecp, decreases linearly with the logarithm of the halide concentration. At constant potential, E, the logarithm of the induction period of pit nucleation decreases linearly with the reciprocal of the potential difference ΔE = E-Ecp. The mechanism of the aggressive action of the halide ions on the passive film is discussed.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 246-254 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation von Spalten in Flußstahl durch HochdruckkohlendioxidDie Oxidation von Spalten in Flußstahl durch Hochdruckkohlendioxid mit geringen Anteilen an Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserstoff und Wasser wird mathematisch analysiert. Im Falle von Gas, das bezogen auf das Gleichgewicht der Wassergasreaktion wasserstoffreich ist, erfolgt die Umwandlung von Wasserstoff zu Wasser an Magnetit sehr rasch. Dadurch und durch die Differentialdiffusion von Wasserstoff und Wasser ergeben sich in den Spalten Gaszusammensetzungen, die sich sehr stark von der Zusammensetzung der Gasmasse unterscheiden. In engen Spalten führt die schützende Oxidation zu einer Erhöhung der Kohlenmonoxidkonzentration, während in weiteren Spalten höhere Wasserkonzentrationen möglich sind. In beiden Fällen ist die Zeit bis zur „break-away oxidation“ kürzer als bei Einwirkung des Gesamtgases. Diese „break-away“-Geschwindigkeiten in Spalten können bei entsprechender Spaltform um den Faktor 1,7 beschleunigt sein, wenn das Gesamtgas am Spalteneingang nicht im Gleichgewicht vorhanden ist; in engeren Spalten ist die Geschwindigkeit geringer. Diese theoretisch abgeleiteten Vorhersagen werden untermauert durch Versuche zur Oxidation von Flußstahlproben in Glaskapseln mit einem engen Durchlaß. Derartige Kapseln bieten eine bequeme Möglichkeit zur Prüfung von Werkstoffen in Kontakt mit Gasen verschiedener Zusammensetzung in ein und demselben Autoklaven.
    Notes: The oxidation of mild steel crevices in pressurized carbon dioxide containing small amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water is analysed mathematically. For bulk gas which is hydrogen-rich with respect to the water-gas shift reaction equilibrium, conversion of hydrogen to water on magnetite surfaces is rapid. This, and the differential diffusion of hydrogen and water, lead to crevice gas compositions very different from the bulk gas.In restricted crevices, protective oxidation causes enhanced carbon monoxide concentration. In less restricted crevices, enhanced water concentrations are possible. Both situations lead to shorter times to breakaway oxidation than in the bulk gas.Crevice breakaway oxidation rates may be enhanced by a factor of 1.7 for suitable crevice geometry, provided that the bulk gas is not equilibrated at the crevice mouth. In more restricted crevices the rate is depressed.These predictions of the analysis are substantiated by experimental oxidation of mild steel specimens within inert glass capsules having a leak path. Such capsules provide a convenient method of exposing material to a wide range of gas compositions within the same autoclave.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 257-259 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Apparatus for continuous measurement of corrosion rate by oxygen reductionAn equipment is described for continuous measurement of corrosion rates by oxygen reduction. The basic principle involves the measurement of quantity of oxygen produced in electrolysis to compensate the quantity consumed during the corrosion. The quantity of electricity consumed for oxygen evolution can be conveniently measured and thus shows the progress of the corrosion process.
    Notes: Eine Vorrichtung zum Messen der mit Sauerstoffreduktion verbundenen Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit ist beschrieben. Nach dem Grundprinzip des Verfahrens wird der während der Korrosion verbrauchte Sauerstoff durch elektrolytisch hergestellten Sauerstoff ersetzt. Die zur Herstellung des Sauerstoffs benötigte Ladungsmenge ist bequem meßbar und gibt gleichzeitig Aufschluß über das Fortschreiten der Korrosion.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 270-274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 266-270 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 259-265 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanismus der Inhibierung der Korrosion einer Aluminium-Silicium-Magnesium-Legierung in 0,1 N NaOH bei 60 °CDer Mechanismus der Korrosionsinhibierung wurde mit einer Aluminium-Silicium-Magnesium-Legierung in 0,1 N NaOH bei 60 °C unter Verwendung billiger, nichttoxischer Stoffe als Inhibitoren untersucht. Die Wirkung von Kalzium- und Tartrat-Ionen wird voneinander getrennt betrachtet und gezeigt, daß ein unlösliches Kalzium-Aluminium-Tartrat vorliegt. Ebenso wird gezeigt, daß eine amorphe Aluminium-Silicat-Phase hoher Stabilität vorliegt; durch elektrochemische Messungen, gravimetrische Bestimmungen, Röntgen und IR-Spektroskopie wird gezeigt, daß Al3+ eine große Bedeutung besitzt.
    Notes: The mechanism of corrosion inhibition has been studied for an Al-Si-Mg alloy in a 0.1 N NaOH medium at 60 °C with cheap, non toxic substances. The effects of Ca2+ and tartrate ions are differentiated and the presence of an insoluble calcium alumino tartrate is evidenced. The greater stability of an amorphous alumino silicate phase is also emphasized, and with electrochemical measurements, weighing tests, X-ray diagrams and IR spectroscopy, the importance of AlIII is revealed.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 276-278 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 278-286 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 286-290 
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 290-292 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 293-294 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 87
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 294-294 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 88
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 292-293 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 89
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 296-296 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of non-metallic materials for reducing corrosion damageThis paper discusses the application of non-metallic materials for corrosive working conditions. With regard to composite systems metal/non-metal many non-metallic materials nowadays have gained considerable importance. The paper concentrates on non-metallic coatings to protect metals against corrosion hazards. In particular, the groups of materials available, their properties, and the latest developments relating to coating processes are described in detail. It is demonstrated that composite structures have combined the properties of both groups of materials and thus opened up new possibilities for the future.
    Notes: Die Anwendung nichtmetallischer Werkstoffe bei einem Einsatz unter korrodierenden Betriebsbedingungen wird erörtert. Im Verbund mit metallischen Werkstoffen haben heute viele Nichtmetalle erhebliche Bedeutung erlangt. Besondere Beachtung im vorliegenden Bericht findet daher der Schutz von Metallen durch Nichtmetalle. Im einzelnen wird auf Werkstoffe, ihre Eigenschaften und auf den Stand der Technik bei ihrer Verarbeitung eingegangen. Hierbei wird gezeigt, daß Verbundsysteme dieser Art aufgrund der Kombination hervorragender Eigenschaften beider Systempartner neue Perspektiven für die Werkstoffauswahl eröffnet haben.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 308-321 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Interrelationship between structure and corrosion behaviour of zirconiumDue to plant failures caused by the break-down of zirconium grade 702 subjected to sulphuric acid the structure and corrosion behaviour of welded and as delivered specimens were tested for various heat treatments. After annealing for 0.5 to 9 hours at temperatures from 650 to 1000 deg centigrade the specimens were cooled down in water, air, or furnace. The corrosion resistance was tested intentionally under extremely critical conditions, i.e. in boiling 65 pct sulphuric acid.It was shown by structure investigations and electron microprobe analysis that the corrosion behaviour of zirconium is strongly influenced by the structure, which in its turn is dependent on the grade of purity and the prehistory of the material. Type, amount, and distribution of residual elements or precipitations caused by them are responsible for the corrosion resistance. This is valid particularly for the element iron.The plant failures mentioned here coincided with the examination results. Measures to improve the chemical resistance of pure zirconium subjected to extremely aggressive media were derived as follows: 1Annealing of the welded and as delivered state for several hours at 750 deg centigrade2If an improvement of the weld meets the demands welding should be conducted in at least two layers. The first layer should be in contact with the aggressive environment3Application of zirconium with a superior grade of purity as well for the base metal as for the filler material.Practicability, economy, and success of the measures mentioned depend on the individual case to a high degree. In this regard practical experiences still have to be gained.
    Notes: Veranlaßt durch Betriebsschäden an Zirkonium 702 in schwefelsauren Medien wurden an ungeschweißtem und an geschweißtem Werkstoff dieses Reinheitsgrades die Gefügebeschaffenheit und das Korrosionsverhalten in den verschiedensten Wärmebehandlungszuständen untersucht. Geglüht wurde verschieden lang (0,5 bis 9 h) bei Temperaturen zwischen 650 und 1000 °C mit anschließender unterschiedlicher Abkühlung (in Wasser, Luft oder im Ofen). Das Korrosions-verhalten wurde unter bewußt an der Grenze der Korrosionsbeständigkeit liegender Beanspruchung - in siedender 65% iger Schwefelsäure - verfolgt.Aus den Gefügeuntersuchungen, die durch Mikrosondenuntersuchungen ergänzt wurden, und den Korrosionsversuchen ging hervor, daß das Korrosionsverhalten des Zirkoniums erheblich von der Gefügebeschaffenheit beeinflußt wird, die ihrerseits vom Reinheitsgrad und Behandlungszustand des Werkstoffes abhängt. Verantwortlich sind die Art, Menge und Verteilung von Begleitelementen - vornehmlich von Eisen - bzw. der durch sie bedingten Ausscheidungen.Die Schäden der Praxis ließen sich damit erklären. Als Maßnahme zur Verbesserung des Korrosionsverhaltens von Reinzirkonium im Grenzfall der chemischen Beanspruchung konnten aus den Untersuchungen abgeleitet werden: (1) ein mehrstündiges Glühen bei 750 °C so wohl des ungeschweißten wei auch des geschweißten Werkstoffes, (2) ein mindestens zweilagiges Schweißen, wenn es genügt, nur das Verhalten des Schweißgutes zu verbessern; dabei muß die erste Schweißlage auf der Seite der kritischen Beanspruchung liegen, (3) Einsatz eines Zirkoniums mit höherem Reinheitsgrad sowohl für den Grundwerkstoff wie auch für den Schweißzusatzwerkstoff. Durchführbarkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Erfolg solcher Maßnahmen hängen selbstverständlich sehr vom Einzelfall ab. Dazu müssen noch praktische Erfahrungen gesammelt werden.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Short-duration test for evaluating the influence of heat-treatment and chemical composition on the corrosion resistance of low carbon martensitic chromium nickel (molybdenum) steelsThe following procedures were examined and compared for their suitability as rapid corrosion tests in comparative investigations on the influence of heat treatment and other production parameters on martensitic chromium-nickel-(molybdenum) steels of low carbon content: -Measurement of the mass loss in boiling 20% acetic acid, and in some cases 5% nitric or 1% hydrochloric acid.-Immersion in sulphuric acid/copper sulphate solution (modified Strauss test).-Current density/voltage curves in 1 N sulphuric acid.-Measurement of pitting potential und activation pH in 3% sodium chloride solution (on limited scale).The test materials employed contained 0.032-0.082% carbon, 11.6-16.4% chromium, 3.8-5.9% nickel and 0.31-1.6% molybdenum.The most suitable testing procedures were selected according to the steel type. Up to a mass loss rate of ≥ 0.05 mg · cm-2 · h-1 (materials with resistance inferior to steel type 13-6-1) the acetic acid test provides an excellent basis for comparison. Provided the optimal testing temperature is adopted, current density/voltage curves and immersion in sulphuric acid/copper sulphate solution yield usable results with all steel types investigated. The value of the information yielded by the test procedures is generally enhanced by metallographic characterization of the corroded surfaces; in particular the localization of chromium-depleted structure zones is made possible by this.
    Notes: Folgende Verfahren wurden auf ihre Eignung als Korrosionsschnelltest für vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von Wärmebehandlungs- und anderen Herstellungsparametern bei martensitischen Chrom-Nickel-(Molybdän)-Stählen mit tiefem Kohlenstoffgehalt geprüft und einander gegenübergestellt: -Massenverlustmessung in siedender 20%iger Essigsäure und z.T. in 5%iger Salpeter-bzw. 1%iger Salzsäure-Auslagerung in Schwefelsäure-Kupfersulfat-Lösung (modifizierter Strausstest)-Stromdichte-Spannungskurven in 1 N Schwefelsäure-Lochfraßpotential- und Aktivierungs-pH-Messungen in 3%iger Natriumchloridlösung (in beschränktem Umfang).Als Testmaterial dienten Werkstoffe mit 0,032-0,082% Kohlenstoff, 11,6-16,4% Chrom, 3,8-5,9% Nickel und 0,31-1,6% Molybdän.Die günstigsten Prüfverfahren sind je nach Stahltyp auszuwählen. Der Essigsäuretest ergibt bis zu einer Massenverlust rate von ≥ 0,05 mg · cm-2 · h-1 (Werkstoffe mit niedrigerer Beständigkeit als Stahltyp 13-6-1) eine hervorragende Vergleichsbasis. Stromdichte-Spannungskurven sowie Auslagerung in Schwefelsäure-Kupfersulfat-Lösung bei optimal gewählter Prüftemperatur liefern bei allen untersuchten Stahltypen brauchbare Ergebnisse. Durch metallographische Charakterisierung der korrodierten Oberflächen wird die Aussagekraft der Testmethoden allgemein erhöht, wobei insbesondere die Lokalisation chromverarmter Gefügebereiche ermöglicht wird.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 322-340 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress corrosion cracking on austenitic chromium nickel steels during active corrosion in chloride containing electrolytesAustenitic stainless steels may suffer from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride containing environments not only in the passive state of the materials and at elevated temperatures, but also under the conditions of active corrosion at ambient temperatures. This type of active SCC was investigated for 18/8 CrNi-steel in sulphuric acid-sodium chloride solutions by potentiostatically controlled experiments with stressed specimens. Critical potential ranges of susceptibility to SCC were evaluated. Comparison with potentiodynamically measured current-potential-curves shows that these critical potential ranges of SCC are identical with the potential ranges of active dissolution of unstressed specimens.Also in boiling 42% MgCl2, active SCC is observed in a narrow potential range more negative than the critical limiting potential of passive SCC. This range becomes more narrow by addition of Mo, but is extended by Ni. Incoloy 800 with about 32 wt.-% Ni shows exclusively active behaviour in the potential range interesting for testing the material in 42% MgCl2.Active SCC is at last caused by the formation of an incomplete protecting layer of adsorbed chloride ions which allows local differences of anodic dissolution, hereby in the presence of mechanical stresses making SCC failures possible. At potentials sufficiently negative, the thickness of the adsorption layer can increase and a macroscopic salt-layer is formed. The chemical composition of such a layer, formed in magnesium chloride, was investigated. The layer consists nearly exclusively of nickel chloride.
    Notes: Nichtrostende austenitische Stähle erfahren in chloridhaltigen Angriffsmitteln Spannungsrißkorrosion nicht nur im passiven Zustand bei erhöhter Temperature, sondern auch im Zustand der aktiven Korrosion bei Umgebungstemperatur. Diese aktive Spannungsrißkorrosion wurde für 18/8 Chrom-Nickel-Stähle in schwefelsauren Natriumchlorid-Lösungen durch potentionstatische Halteversuche mit gespannten Proben untersucht, wobei kritische Potentiale der Spannungsrißkorrosion ermittelt wurden. Ein Vergleich mit potentiodynamisch gemessenen Strom-Potential-Kurven zeigt, daß diese kritischen Potentialbereiche der Spannungsrißkorrosion mit den Potentialbereichen der aktiven Auflösung des Stahles bei Abwesenheit mechanischer Spannungen identisch sind.Auch in siedender 42%iger Magnesiumchlorid-Lösung erfolgt aktive Spannungsrißkorrosion in einem schmalen Potentialbereich bei Potentialen, die negativer sind als das kritische Grenzpotential der Spannungsrißkorrosion im passiven Zustand. Durch Zusatz von Molybdän wird der Potentialbereich der aktiven Spannungsrißkorrosion eingeengt, durch Nickelzusätze erweitert. Werkstoff Incoloy 800 mit 32 Gew.-% Nikkel ist in dem bei der Prüfung in 42% iger Magnesiumchlorid- Lösung interessierenden Potentialbereich ausschließlich aktiv, wird jedoch in diesem Zustand nur schwach durch Spannungsrißkorrosion angegriffen.Ursache der Spannungsrißkorrosion im aktiven Zustand ist die Ausbildung einer unvollständig schützenden Schicht von adsorbierten Chloridionen, die örtliche Unterschiede des anodischen Verhaltens ermöglicht. Bei hinreichend negativen Potentialen kann diese Adsorbtionsschicht ein Dickenwachstum erfahren, so daß makroskopische Salzdeckschichten entstehen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung einer solchen, in Magnesiumchlorid-Lösung gebildeten Deckschicht wurde untersucht, sie besteht praktisch ausschließlich aus Nickelchlorid.
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