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  • evolution
  • Springer  (20)
  • 1975-1979  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zoogeography and the predator-prey ‘arms race:’ A comparison of eriphia and nerita species from three faunal regions (1977)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 56 (1977), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: zoogeography ; predation ; evolution ; coevolution ; allometry ; Eriphia ; Nerita ; Gulf of California ; competition ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We measured maximum shell diameters and thicknesses of Nerita funiculata Menke and N. scabricosta Lamarck (Gastropoda: Neritidae), and claw sizes and carapace widths of the predatory crab Eriphia squamata Stimpson (Brachyura: Xanthidae), from the Gulf of California (Eastern Pacific). We also tested the ability of E. squamata to crush Nerita shells of various sizes. We compared this data on predator-prey counteradaptations with previously published data for congeneric species from the Western Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific regions. In relative abilities of the crabs to crush gastropod shells, and of the gastropod shells to resist such crushing, the Eastern Pacific species were ‘stronger’ than their counterparts in the Western Atlantic, but ‘weaker’ than their Indo-West Pacific congeners, indicative of an intermediate level of ‘faunal dominance’ or predator-prey ‘arms race’ escalation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023286
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeleton weight allometry in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates (1977)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 56 (1977), S. 35-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: allometry ; skeleton weight ; vertebrates ; whales ; fishes ; bones ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relation of skeleton weight to body weight with increasing size is compared for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. Due to the buoyancy of water, the skeleton weights of aquatic vertebrates (fishes and whales) vary in nearly direct proportion (exponent 1.0) to body weight; while the skeletons of terrestrial vertebrates occupy an increasingly greater proportion of total body weight as size increases (exponent greater than i. i) due to the necessity of supporting their weight on land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic evidence for the origin of teosinte (Zea mays ssp. Mexicana) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays spp. ; mexicana ; teosinte ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cytogenetic evidence has shown that teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrad.) Iltes) and maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) are conspecific. They hybridize readily and their offspring are generally fertile. Teosinte could not have originated as a byproduct of maize-Tripsacum hybridization. Such introgression gave rise to plants that are phenotypically maize or Tripsacum, depending on which parent was used as a pollen donor. Compartive morphological and genetical studies indicated that it is more probable that maize originated from a teosinte-like ancestor under domestication, than that a maize-like plant gave rise to teosinte through a series of mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041578
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2n gametes in potato species and their function in sexual polyploidization (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 585-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum ; potato ; polyploidy ; 2n gametes ; sexual polyploidization ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The extent and pattern of polyploidy in the tuber-bearing Solanums varies among the many taxanomic series that have been identified in this subsection of Solanum. While several series appear to be entirely diploid, others exhibit a range of ploidy levels from 2x to 6x, and some contain only polyploid species. In many diploid, triploid and tetraploid species 2n gametes (gametes or gametophytes with the sporophytic chromosome number) have been detected. Both 2n eggs and 2n pollen occur. 2n gametes provide the opportunity for unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization. The genetic determination and consequences of sexual polyploidization strongly suggest that 2n gametes have been the major instrument in the polyploid evolution of the tuber-bearing Solanums. Somatic doubling of species and interspecific hybrids appears to be of very limited importance. New evidence for the occurrence of 2n eggs and 2n pollen in many species is reported, and data from the literature are added to illustrate the widespread distribution of 2n gametes throughout the subsection. A very high correlation is found between polyploidy and 2n gametes, and its significance is discussed. Proof is presented for the occurrence of alleles governing 2n pollen production in the cultivated tetraploids, providing additional evidence for the hypothesis that 2n gametes have been involved in their origin. Multiple unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidizations are proposed for the origin of the cultivated tetraploids: this accounts for the large variability encountered in this group, which closely resembles that of the related diploids. Similar evolutionary pathways are hypothesized for the other polyploid complexes in the subsection. A scheme is proposed in which participation of both 2n and n gametes link together all ploidy levels in the tuber-bearing Solanums, thus overcoming the ploidy barriers and providing for gene flow throughout the sympatric species of the subsection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021684
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene action in fish of tetraploid origin. IV. Ribosomal DNA amount in clupeoid and salmonoid fish (1976)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: evolution ; polyploidy ; ribosomal RNA genes ; Isospondyli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetically tetraploid species of the fish order Isospondyli generally have twice the mean ribosomal gene content as closely related species on the phylogenetically diploid level. Considerable intraspecific variation of rDNA amount was observed. These findings are discussed in view of the hypothesis that selective loss of ribosomal genes may account for diminishing genic activity in phylogenetically tetraploid organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484768
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental specificity and evolution of the acid phosphatase isozymes of Triticum aestivum and its progenitor species (1976)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 595-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Triticum ; acid phosphatase ; isozymes ; developmental genetics ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The tissue and developmental specificities of the acid phosphatase (ACPH) isozymes of Triticum aestivum and its progenitor species T. turgidum and T. tauschii have been determined and compared using the zymogram technique. Tissue and/or developmental variation in relative staining intensity, suggestive of variation in the quantity of active enzyme present, was observed for each of the seven major isozymes expressed. Isozymes homologous to each of the major isozymes of the hexaploid were detected in one or the other of the progenitor species. No difference in the pattern of developmental or tissue specificity was observed between the species for any isozyme. However, ACPH-4, encoded by Acph4, a structural gene linked to chromosome 4A, differs in electrophoretic mobility between T. aestivum and T. turgidum, indicating that divergence has occurred between these species at the Acph4 locus since the origin of the hexaploid. The molecular weight of each of five ACPH isozymes of the hexaploid was determined to be approximately 58,000. This finding, plus the results of the developmental study and the earlier demonstration that the structural genes for six isozymes (including four of those whose molecular weight was determined) are linked to homoeologous chromosomes, provides evidence in support of the suggestion that the ACPH structural genes of hexaploid wheat are homoeologously related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00485838
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues in the genetics of social behavior (1976)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 6 (1976), S. 391-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: social behavior ; genetic analysis ; evolution ; developmental genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The genetics of social behavior presents special difficulties because the phenotype is the product of an interaction between two or more individuals. Social interactions are of two kinds: (1) cooperative, in which the probabilities of transmission of the genes of all participants are similarly affected by the outcome, and (2) agonistic, in which the probabilities for the participants are affected in opposite directions. The latter are of particular interest for evolutionary theory. Three major types of designs for measuring social behavior in genetic experiments are available: (1) homogeneous sets, (2) standard tester and (3) tester panel representing a reference population. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. Important areas for future development include the relationship of genetic and experiential factors in early life to social status as an adult and the extension of the genetic analysis of social behavior to natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065697
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene action in fish of tetraploid origin. II. Cellular and biochemical parameters in clupeoid and salmonoid fish (1975)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 13 (1975), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: cell size ; evolution ; gene action ; isoenzymes ; polyplodiy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By use of cell size, protein and hemoglobin content, and enzyme activities as markers, it becomes apparent that in the course of evolution the gene expression of anciently tetraploid fish of the order Ostariophysi was diploidized, but no such regulatory mechanism has evolved in the phylogenetically tetraploid species of the order Isospondyli. This finding is discussed in terms of possible selective neutrality of tetraploid expression and the phylogenetic age of Isospondyli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00485815
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum esterase genetics in rabbits. IV. The prealbumin and β-globulin systems (1977)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 15 (1977), S. 989-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: genetics ; esterases ; evolution ; rabbit ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Discontinuous starch gel electrophoresis revealed a fourth allele of rabbit prealbumin serum esterase at locus Est-2. This allele is designated Est-2 f and appears to be silent. In addition to the prealbumin serum esterases, another serum esterase system was studied in rabbits. This system is localized in the β-globulin region. Genetic analysis indicated that one locus with two codominant alleles controls the variation in this region. Linkage of this system with Est-1 and Est-2 of the prealbumin serum esterases was demonstrated. Comparison of the arrangement of these esterase loci on linkage group VI with the esterase loci on chromosome 8 of the mouse gives additional support for the theory of evolutionary conservation of chromosomal segments coding for mammalian esterases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483993
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative immunochemical studies of primate hemoglobins (1975)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 13 (1975), S. 743-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: primate hemoglobins ; antigenicity ; evolution ; radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antigenic properties of a number of chromatographically purified primate hemoglobins were compared to those of normal human hemoglobin using a sensitive radioimmunochemical procedure. The degree of inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction with heterologous hemoglobins appeared to be related to the structural similarity of these proteins to the normal human hemoglobin immunogen. With the exception of the baboon hemoglobin, the antigenicity of the hemoglobins paralleled the phylogeny of the primates. The gorilla and chimpanzee hemoglobins were antigenically identical to normal human hemoglobin, whereas the gibbon and orangutan hemoglobins were substantially more variable. Of the Old World monkey hemoglobins examined, the baboon produced lower inhibition values, suggesting a greater degree of structural dissimilarity than other Cercopithecoidea hemoglobins, which is compatible with a greater rate of evolutionary change occurring in this protein. Using the known amino acid sequences of human and other primate hemoglobins, we have attempted to identify antigenic determinant areas of the proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484406
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