ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (1,410)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1,410)
  • Animals
  • 1980-1984  (1,410)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (1,410)
Collection
  • Articles  (1,410)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introductory remarks (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editor's note (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 2-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulk modulus and thermal expansivity of melt polymer composites: Statistical versus macro-mechanics (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Physical properties of composites as a function of filler content have been described in the past through models requiring the solution of macroscopic equations of motion for an elastic continuum or, on a more empirical level, by the assumption of various compositional averaging schemes. We discuss a model drawn from our molecular mixture theory. This allows us to avoid the formal problems attending concentrated suspensions and introduces molecular filler-medium interaction parameters. Comparisons with experimental material and empirical equations involving bulk modulus and thermal expansivity will be given. The theory opens the possibility of determining interfacial strengths from appropriate mechanical and thermal measurements and of predicting one set from another set of data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of coupling agent monolayers on the surface of mica (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The interaction of very dilute solutions of a cationic vinylbenzyl silane (CVBS), a methacrylate functional silane (γ-MPS), and an isopropyl-tri-(dioctylpyrophosphato) titanate (IDT) with a mica surface has been studied by carbon analysis. For all three coupling agents the dependence of adsorption with time of treatment follows a step-like curve, where each step corresponds to a monolayer coverage on the mica. Under the operating conditions used it was noted that a particular monolayer is always completed before the next is started. The adsorption of γ-MPS was found to be very sensitive to the time allowed for hydrolysis of the silane, while the adsorption of CVBS was relatively independent of the hydrolysis time when it is varied from 0 to 5400 s. The results indicate that γ-MPS and CVBS near the mica surface form a dense structurally regular multilayer phase with the silane molecules oriented normal to the surface. IDT molecules occupy a surface area on mica which is characteristic of their branched nature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of glass fibers on the rheological behavior of polypropylene melts between rotating parallel plates (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer has been employed in the parallel plate mode to study the rheological behavior of pure polypropylene resin and melts filled with 10, 20, 30, and 40 percent by weight glass fibers. Steady-state shear data show that, for loadings above 20 percent fiber, increasing fiber loading leads to an increase in viscosity of the melt. The effect of increasing fiber content becomes smaller at higher shear rates. For the same loading range, fiber addition increases the first normal stress difference, and the effect of fiber loading becomes smaller with increasing shear rate. At 10 percent loading, the viscosity of the filled polymer melt is lower than that of the pure resin melt. These results require further confirmation.Strain sweeps employing dynamic measurements in conjunction with the parallel plate mode of the Mechanical Spectrometer were carried out. In general, it was found the dynamic properties are strain dependent. Steady shear data employing the cone-and-plate mode were not repeatable.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the simulation of silane coupling agent structures on particulate fillers; the pH effect (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 18-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The molecular structure of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) deposited on the surfaces of particulate mineral fillers was modeled by adjusting the pH of an aqueous alcoholic solution of the silane in absence of a substrate. Hydrolyzates obtained from the solution were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and found to be polymethacryloxypropylsilsesquioxanes whose configuration and molecular-weight distribution were dependent on the solution pH. In acidic environments (below pH 4) the polycondensation mechanism appeared to proceed in a selective manner to form polycyclic blocks which resemble a beaded chain following condensation between blocks. Under more neutral and basic conditions (at or above pH 4) the polycondensation mechanism, resulted in polymethacryloxypropylsilsesquioxanes with the more equilibrated double chain ladder configuration. The molecular weight distribution of these structures was dependent on the stability of the silanol or the silanolate ion. Extremely high-molecular-weight and polydisperse polymethacryloxypropylsilsesquioxanes were generated at near neutral pH due to the formation of the double chain ladder configuration and the high silanol instability in this pH range. The two different polymethacryloxypropylsilsesquioxane configurations were also observed on γ-MPS modified metal oxide substrates. The structures help explain some of the previously observed trends with respect to γ-MPS adsorption on particulate mineral fillers. In strongly basic environments the methacrylate function of γ-MPS partially hydrolyzes to form sodium carboxylate, and carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and reacts to form sodium carbonate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensional flow of mica-filled polyethylene (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 44-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Extensional flow of mica-filled high density polyethylene was studied at 150°C in a Rheometrics elongational rheometer. The constant strain-rate mode at a rate of 10-3 to 1.0 s-1, and the constant stress mode were used. The mica content was 0, 25, 40, and 60 weight percent. In both testing modes, the steady state elongational viscosities were obtained; those for the filled samples were about ten to twenty times larger than the shear viscosity at corresponding (low) rates of deformation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical property enhancement in short-fiber composites through the control of fiber orientation during fabrication (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 60-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of plastics and elastomers reinforced by short fibers are generally dictated by the selection of matrix and reinforcement. However, the high tensile properties attainable in these systems through laboratory processing techniques are frequently not obtained in conventional fabrication operations. To gain a wider latitude in meeting economic and performance constraints, the control of composite structure in the fabrication step should not be overlooked. Tool geometry and processing conditions can be manipulated specifically to control the fiber orientation distribution in the product. A study of fiber orientation in composite compounds during flow through runners, gates, and dies leads to recommendations for optimizing the directional strength and stiffness according to a kinematic model. Performance data on parts fabricated from various short-fiber composite materials bear out these projections.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation design for short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 72-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stiffness matrices are predicted, using the Halpin-Tsai laminate analogy, at different locations in 4 short glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic moldings, and the resulting anisotropy and inhomogeneity discussed, relative to quasi-isotropic values. The predictions are based on actual material structure as obtained from contact microradiographs. Considerable anisotropy and inhomogeneity are noted. The response of the materials to tensile, flexure, and shear loads is calculated and it is shown that this deviates to a lesser degree from a quasiisotropic response. Finally the load deformation behavior in plate bending and twisting are predicted using both a quasiisotropic model and the stiffness properties based on actual structure and compared with previously available experimental data. It is concluded that, in the absence of a predictive approach to fiber orientation in short-glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic moldings, the use of quasi-isotropic stiffness data provides an acceptable means of performing deformation design analysis. Based on the analysis of the moldings considered, the quasi-isotropic assumption could be expected to introduce errors of less than 20 percent in deformation predictions for planar moldings.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050112
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General discussion (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050115
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing and flammability parameters of bismaleimide and some other thermally stable resin matrices for composites (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of processing variables on the flammability and mechanical properties of state-of-the-art and advanced resin matrices for graphite composites were studied. Resin matrices which were evaluated included state-of-the-art epoxy, phenolic-novolac, phenolic-Xylok, two types of bismaleimides, benzyl, polyethersulfone, and polyphenylsulfone. Comparable flammability and thermochemical data on graphite-reinforced laminates prepared with these resin matrices are presented, and the relationship of some of these properties to the anaerobic char yield of the resins is described.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical experiments for probing process-structure-property relations in amine-cured epoxies (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 124-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical experiments were performed on an amine-cured high performance epoxy system containing two types of epoxies and one amine. The system approximates a commercial resin system used widely as matrix material for graphite composites and whose main ingredients and composition are 88.5 percent of tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) and 11.5 percent of polyglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A Novalac epoxy with varying compositions of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), ranging from 19 to 40 PHR. Specifically, the effects of DDS and Novalac content as well as processing conditions including the particle size of solid components, the mixing speed, mixing temperature, and the mixing duration of the components on the dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy polymer were investigated. A viscoelastic transition in the dynamic spectrum which was observed to be quite sensitive to the sample's Tg in conjunction with incomplete crosslinking reactions allowed for interrelating the composition and processing variables to the structure and bulk properties of this epoxy system.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jute reinforced polyester structures (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Large diameter pipes and structures are manufactured with jute reinforced polyester resin. A modified filament winding machine is used to take the jute cloth on the rotating mold acting as a collapsible mandrel. The effect of calendering, fillers and poly(vinyl acetate) on jute reinforcing cloth and the results on the ultimate mechanical properties of the composite are studied. The effect of load during the curing of polyester and its effect on the strength of structure is reported. These findings are used in manufacturing of large diameter structures with improved mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of recent progress in the studies of molecular and microstructure of coupling agents and their functions in composites, coatings and adhesive joints (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 101-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent progress in the studies of molecular and microstructure of interfaces and interphases in composites, coatings, and adhesive joints is reviewed. Remarkable progress has been made in elucidating the structure of silane coupling agents and their function with respect to dry and wet strengths of multiphase systems. Aminosilanes attracted major effort in the past. It is now understood that the structure of partially cured hydrolyzate is complicated. When adsorbed from a natural pH solution and dried in air at room temperature, approximately half of the amine groups form amine bicarbonate salt with the CO2 in air. The rest of the amine groups are either intra- and intermolecularly hydrogen bonded to neighboring silanol groups or free from hydrogen bonding. There exists chemical bonding at the glass/silane or metal/silane interfaces. The surface characteristics, including acidity, topology and homogeneity, influence the structure of the coupling agent. The coupling agent interphase shows a gradient in various properties. Silanes tend to be ordered in the interphase and the degree of organization depends largely on the organofunctionality. The orientation and organization of the silane affects the reinforcement mechanism. There are chemisorbed and physisorbed silanes in the interphase. The coupling agent/matrix interface is a diffuse boundary where intermixing takes place due to penetration of the matrix resin into the chemisorbed silane layers and the migration of the physisorbed silane molecules into the matrix phase. With proper selection of the organofunctionality and the curing conditions, silanes can chemically react with the matrix to form copolymers. The existence of the matrix interphase is now well accepted and the effect of the interphase on the mechanical properties has been studied. It has been recognized that modification of the matrix interphase, such as a coating applied on the fiber using a similar resin as the matrix, has a complex effect on the mechanical performance. It is noteworthy that attempts to synthesize new coupling agents and to utilize the existing coupling agents more effectively still continue. Based on the molecular understanding, new concepts in the reinforcement mechanism have appeared which recognize the importance of interpenetrating networks, the structure of silane in the treating solution, and the microheterogeneity of the glass surfaces. The knowledge obtained through the studies of composites can be applied to organic coatings and adhesive joints provided that the geometrical factors are taken into consideration.
    Additional Material: 48 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation properties of some reaction injection molded (RIM) and reinforced RIM systems (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study examined the stress relaxation properties of six urethane reaction injection molded (RIM) systems, both reinforced and non-reinforced RIM systems from room temperature to 100°C. Data is presented which shows the dynamic mechanical (DMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), physical properties, and stress relaxation data. The major conclusion from this work is that the state of hard segment (amorphous or crystalline) makes a vast difference in the polymer's reaction to stress.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processability of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) compounds I. Evaluation of extrusiometer data (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 2-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of the extrusiometer measurements made on a great number of different rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compositions are analyzed. The laboratory extruders used in the experiments can be considered to be isothermic. The output rate is proportional to the extrusion speed and almost independent of the composition. The other characteristics - torque, die and back pressure - significantly depend on the composition of the compounds. The back pressure proved to be proportional to the die pressure, and thus does not give additional information. Processability is well characterized by the dissipated energy which can be calculated from the difference of the total introduced mechanical energy and the energy required to transport the melt through the capillary. The dissipated energy is closely related to the fusion characteristics of the compounds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060103
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) - the ultimate rigid vinylOriginally presented at the 38th Annual Conference, Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, Society of the Plastics Industry, February 7 to 11, 1983, Session 15-E. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 22-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rigid poly(vinyl chloride) was reinforced with 10 to 40 phr of 1/4-inch glass fiber. This improved flexural modulus up to 140 percent, flexural strength 40 percent, and heat-deflection temperature 8°C; and reduced creep by 90-95 percent, and the coefficient of thermal expansion by 50 percent. Thus a typical Type I rigid vinyl with glass reinforcement had flexural modulus 1,164,000 psi, flexural strength 16,500 psi, notched Izod impact strength 5.1 fpi; creep only 12 percent of normal unreinforced material, coefficient of thermal expansion only 50 percent of normal unreinforced material, and heat-deflection temperature 79°C. Such balance of properties elevates rigid vinyl from a commodity plastic up to an engineering thermoplastic, capable of much wider and more economical utilization in high-performance applications.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of mass PVC (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evolution of the morphology of the PVC grains during the mass polymerization of vinylchloride monomer (VCM) has been studied. After nucleation of primary particles, a rapid flocculation step occurs that leads to grains. Continued polymerization inside the grains results in a progressive reduction in the pore volumes. Continuing the reaction to completion, if appropriate by adding a further amount of monomer, causes densifying of the grains leading, in some cases, to vitreous grains, which therefore are related to the cleanliness of the reactors used. The changes in the size of the constituent compartment affect both the process of preparation and the processing of the final product: degassing rate of monomer, and plasticizing rate. Thus, control of the degrees of conversion, associated with perfect cleaning of the reactor, which is easy in the case of the new vertical reactors, constitutes the key factors in the reproducibility of the process and the quality of the PVC produced.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060111
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of light-stable PVC stabilizer systems for rigid weatherable applications (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 162-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are technical, as well as economical, advantages to employ light-stable polyvinyl chloride heat stabilizers for rigid weatherable applications. The desirable stabilizer systems should also be less or non-toxic, without sulfur staining problem, with acceptable odor, with stable and competitive economics. Our research effort has been targeted towards worldwide applicability. Our earliest effort was to search for an active metal from the periodic table! Considerations were given to the fate of the metal chlorides formed in the PVC resin. Preliminary compounds were synthesized for screening. Subsequently, organic ligands were designed to control and to activate the molecule in the stabilization of polyvinyl chloride. Co-additives, mostly conventional, were added to form stabilizer packages. Accelerated indoor light-stability tests demonstrated the desired light-stability against current stabilizer systems. Preliminary outdoor weathering data further supported the conclusion. The primary stabilizer has the following general structure: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm (controlling ligand)}-{\rm (divalent metal)}-{\rm (activating ligand)}$$\end{document} The chemistry and stabilization mechanism will be discussed. The above patent pending technical innovation is revealed as a contribution of our research effort to the Vinyl Industry. The eventual product commercialization will be of interest to all, especially those involved in the rigid weatherable applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma radiation stabilization of PVC (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new class of additives combining heat and radiation stabilization has been shown to prevent the discoloration and associated undesirable hydrogen chloride formation encountered when PVC is exposed to sterilizing doses of gamma radiation. Various mechanisms that lead to the decomposition are described and the free radical processes that cause changes in physical and mechanical properties are discussed. The performance of the new additives demonstrates that rigid PVC can be exposed to high (〉 5MRad) radiation with little or no discoloration and loss of physical properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060206
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the microstructure and the dynamical mechanical properties of rigid PVC modified by chlorinated polyethylene (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical properties of biphasic PVC/CPE polymer blends of different micromorphology were studied. It was revealed that a considerable interaction existed between the polymers involved in the high-impact polymer blends. It was established that the most favorable cold impact strength of the high-impact PVC/CPE alloy was obtained when a structure of mixed morphology had been formed in the course of processing. As indicated by the DMA spectra, more marked plasticizing effect of CPE appeared at a lower thickness of CPE layer among the primary globules, i.e., at a higher extent of wetting the PVC globules by CPE molecules. This phenomenon is manifested by splitting the β-relaxation transition of PVC.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric breakdown of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)/glass composite (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The voltage lifetime of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)/glass composite is measured for two different orientations of short fiber with respect to the applied electric field (perpendicular and parallel). The difference in the voltage lifetime between two configurations is attributed to the microstructural features at the (fiber/matrix) interface, particularly microvoids. The morphological observations by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), and optical microscopy reveal the presence of microvoids as well as the crazed matrix and consequent erosion channel. The tree initiation site is identified and the nature of tree propagation is explained. A theoretical model based on such microstructural features is constructed, which explains the voltage lifetime vs fiber orientation in a relative framework. It is concluded that the graseous discharge at microvoids is the main mechanism for electrical breakdown and the site of such gaseous discharge is the (fiber/matrix) interface. Therefore, the orientation dependence of the electrical breakdown is the geometrical effect of the interface voiding with respect to the direction of the applied electric field.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050310
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic phenomena and molecular motion at interfaces of glass/polymer composites (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 224-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A boundary zone of filler-affected polymeric network is a possible element in the microstructure of composites. The intensity of adsorption potentials for polymeric material on the filler and therefore its surface energy should be an important variable in boundary zone properties. This work has involved the modification of surface energy in a glass filler material through the introduction of externally induced electrostatic charge that is through the creation of a ‘synthetic’ zeta potential on filler particles. The interactions of charged and uncharged glass surfaces with a polymeric matrix were studied by thermally stimulated discharge (TSD), and also by contact angle measurements. The experimental system studied was an aluminosilicate glass as the filler material, and poly(tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as the organic matrix. Contact angle measurements revealed enhanced wettability for the matrix-forming monomer on glass surfaces charged negatively by electric fields. TSD analysis was also carried out on pure polymer, and composite materials containing either uncharged or bipolar filler particles (particles exposed to an external electrical potential). TSD spectra suggest a suppressed level of molecular motion in composites with fillers of high electrostatic surface energy. Also, activation energies calculated from TSD data are higher in bipolar filler composites. The higher activation energies are consistent with the possibility that a less mobile interfacial zone polymerizes around higher surface energy filler particles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050311
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack propagation in composites with spherical fillers-II effect of the size of the filler (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of the effect of spherical glass beads of mean diameters of 46 microns, 89 microns, and 133 microns, on fatigue crack propagation rates, was carried out at ten and thirty weight-percent beads. The resin was a low-molecular-weight [Mn = 8200, (MwMn) = 2.04] Bisphenol A-terephthalate/isophthalate thermoplastic copolyester. Fatigue crack-grwoth rates were measured using compliance method. The relationship between logarithm of stress intensity factor change and logarithm of crack-growth rate is linear for 46 micron beads. For the 89 micron beads, the relationship is still approximately linear. The incorporation of 133 micron beads, however, results in large fluctuations in crack-growth rates with changes in stress intensity factor range. A mechanism is proposed to explain this behavior. A relationship between interparticle distance and fatigue crack-growth resistance is also observed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050312
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel technique for the study of coupling agent phenomena (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 258-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A modification of the Internal Reflection Spectroscopy (IRS) technique for infrared (IR) spectroscopy is described, where the surface of the IRS element is modified by a thin (100 to 1000 å) layer of metal oxides, silanes or Kevlar so as to model the surface of reinforcements in composite materials. The modified IRS element is then brought into contact with the matrix material and chemical changes in the first 2000 to 3000 å of matrix examined by IR spectroscopy. Examples of the technique include a study of the effect of various surfaces on the crosslinking of an anhydride-cured epoxy resin. The kinetics of the crosslinking process and the final ester crosslink concentration are shown to be significantly affected by, for example, a silica or Kevlar surface. The advantages and limitations of this modified IRS technique are discussed relative to other surface characterization techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical degradation of mica during processing with polypropylene (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 264-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mechanical degradation of reinforcing fillers during processing is a problem that has been seldom studied due to a lack of particle size determination techniques. Using phlogopite mica as an example, a method allowing a rapid and accurate characterization of flake size and aspect ratio will be described. The influence of several parameters on the mechanical degradation of mica flakes in a mica/polypropylene system has been studied using a laboratory roller blade mixer. The degradation was found to occur in two stages. The first stage takes place immediately after the addition of mica, where the average flake size decreases very rapidly by as much as 20 percent. In the second stage, the particle size remains essentially constant with the time of mixing at low concentrations (2 percent wt); at higher concentrations (40 percent wt) there is a slow reduction in the flake size. The influence of other parameters such as system viscosity, mode of mica addition, silane treatment, and the initial particle size is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic and steady state flow of polypropylene/mica systems (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Six compositions containing commercial polypropylene, PP, and monodispersed, untreated phlogopite mica were prepared. Their rheological properties were determined at 180°C in dynamic and capillary flows. The results are discussed in terms of strain-induced orientation of mica flakes. Two critical volume fractions were found to affect the flow: ψc defined as a concentration of flakes overlap and ψm as a concentration of maximum packing of freely sedimenting particles. At ψ 〉 ψc yield stress and at ψ 〉 ψm non-linearity in dynamic response were observed.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050407
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the surface texture in extruded mica-polypropylene composites (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Taylor-Hobson Talysurf instrument was used to quantify the surface roughness of phlogopite mica-polypropylene extrudates. The rate of feeding and the speed of rotation of the screw were found to have a significant effect on the surface texture. Under the appropriate conditions of extrusion the roughness of 40 percent (by weight) mica-filled polypropylene extrudates could be reduced by a factor of three. This effect was found to be independent of the extrusion rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damping of composite materials (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 334-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A rule of mixture for the prediction of the loss factor of hybrid laminates of graphite/epoxy and kevlar/epoxy composite materials is developed. The theoretical values agree reasonably with the experimental values for ten samples. An optimal laminate having the modulus of aluminium and twice the loss factor of graphite/epoxy laminates is achieved.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050414
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomeric plasticizers for PVC medical devices: Safety and regulatory status (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As the data base for phthalates and other monomeric plasticizer classes is broadened, and our understanding of toxic mechanisms and potential risks improves, it is anticipated that industry and government agencies alike will demonstrate that these products can be safely used. Progress will depend heavily on advancements in predictive animal testing science, and extrapolation of animal data to meaningful risk assessment in humans.Future directions for testing initiatives are being determined, with a leadership role being played by CMA. Much exploratory work remains, but the focus will continue to narrow on areas critical to human risk assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling static electricity in PVC packaging (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The importance of establishing a more sophisticated approach for the control of static electricity in PVC packaging has been underscored by the microelectronics industry and its need for protecting products from electrostatic discharge. Four basic classifications; conductive, static dissipative, antistatic, and insulative, as well as a series of acceptable definitions are now available. Insulative PVC is made conductive by the inclusion of conductive carbon blacks. Antistatic PVC is prepared by the incorporation of an antistatic additive in the compound or by topical application of an antistat from solution. There are no static dissipative additives as such. A more sophisticated approach, such as lamination of different materials is required to prepare a static dissipative product.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060203
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for plateout using the torque rheometer (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 82-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability to predict the occurrence of plateout in PVC processing with a simple laboratory test which can be used to evaluate complete formulations before manufacture would be of significant benefit. Such a test is described and illustrated. A proposed mechanism for the induction of plateout based on attractive forces is advanced to supplement mechanisms based on solubiliity and phase equilibria. The test procedure can be extended to study other polymer systems and applied to the design of effective mold release systems for processes other than extrusion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process and material considerations in the industrial application of lubricants in rigid PVC extrusion (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The proper lubrication of rigid PVC compounds often plays an important role in the successful operation of a rigid PVC extrusion plant. Changes in a particular lubricant system can have a substantial effect on the fusion rates of a rigid PVC compound and on the thermodynamics of the fusion process. Recently published research on the morphology of PVC resin and rigid PVC finished products has provided new insights into the morphological changes rigid PVC undergoes during processing. Lubricants can have a substantial impact on the rates and extent of morphological changes of rigid PVC during processing. Successful industrial optimization of a lubricant system involves balancing the rheological characteristics of the compound against the shearing and heating characteristics of the extruder and die tooling. Changes in the extruder and die tooling or lubricant system will result in changes in the work and energy balance. The impact of increases in fusion promoting lubricants, as well as increases in fusion delaying lubricants, on the work and energy balance for a twin screw extruder is explained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lubrication mechanism of calcium stearate/paraffin wax systems in PVC compounds (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The lubrication mechanism in PVC was studied using calcium stearate and paraffin wax lubricants. Based on the results of the differential thermal analyses, percent haze, microscopy, metal release, Brabender fusion, and extrusion studies we have developed a new theory of PVC lubrication based on molecular structure. Lubricants containing polar groups, which preferentially wet the metal surface in the presence of PVC, such as calcium stearate, are excellent metal lubricants. Non-polar lubricants which do not wet the metal surface, such as paraffin wax, allow PVC to stick to the metal surface. However, these lubricants work in combination with the metal wetting lubricants to make the lubricant layer more fluid, providing a better lubricating system than either lubricant alone. Lubrication between PVC primary particle flow units is similar to that at the metal surface with the polar PVC surface acting in a similar manner as the metal surface. We find the common classification of lubricants as internal or external to be deficient in explaining performance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulating for rigid PVC using multivariate analysis (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 120-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The wide range of lubricants available for rigid PVC, and their complex interactions or synergisms, has meant that the formulator has often had to rely more on quantitative experience, however incomplete, rather than on quantitative data. Multivariate analysis offers the possibility of investigating lubricants and fillers with a relatively small number of rheological experiments and defining their role in a wide range of formulations. A computer program and associated methodology has been developed that allows up to five formulations or fusion parameters to be examined with a maximum of just thirty-three torque rheometry experiments. The technique generates both first and second order coefficients for each parameter, coefficients that quantify all possible pair interactions, and applies statistical techniques to evaluate the significance of each coefficient. The levels of “internal” and “external” lubricants and fillers, as well as the charge volume and shear rate in the rheometer, have been correlated with fusion peak time and torque, equilibrium torque and melt temperature and other features of the fusion curve. The data are also presented in a series of graphs so that subsequent formulation can be done by interpolation, without further experimentation. The result have sometimes been unexpected and can help in understanding the role of the various additives in the extrusion of rigid PVC.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric studies of poly(vinyl chloride)The experimental part of this paper was performed at the Shawinigan Chemicals Research Center, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.Presented during CAN-AM Chemical Congress, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 3-6, 1984. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the dielectric constant and loss factor of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) have been made over a wide range of temperature and frequency. Maxima in dielectric loss were observed at a temperature corresponding to the α or glass transition temperature and secondary β transition temperature. The sensitivity of these maxima to both frequency and thermal pretreatment was investigated. It was found that the position of the β peak on the temperature axis changed markedly with frequency, while the glass transition or α peak showed only small variations. Neither the α nor the β peak were very sensitive to thermal pretreatment, but interesting changes in the minimum between these peaks were observed. In quenched samples a distinct shoulder peak at Tβ 〈 Ts 〈 Tα was observed; it was possible to eliminate it by a slow cooling of the samples. The effect of plasticizer content was also studied.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060209
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction effects and property retention in poly(vinyl chloride) compoundsPaper presented in part at 31 International Wire and Cable Symposium, Cherry Hill, PA, 1982. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of thermodynamic interactions among the components of a polymer system on mechanical properties and their retention on aging has been investigated. The systems considered involve plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC), and CaCO3 fillers. Inverse gas chromatography was used to measure interaction parameters, and to express these in terms of acid-base concepts. Interaction data were obtained over a wide temperature range. It was shown that the volume of plasticizers retained by the PVC correlates with the measured interaction parameters. Similarly, the interaction parameters identify a CaCO3 filler preferred for reinforcing rigid PVC, and a different CaCO3 filler for use in given PVC-plasticizer combinations. The mechanical properties of filled PVC (up to 40 phr CaCO3), and particularly the ultimate properties of the compounds, correlate with interaction concepts, as do property retention data after accelerated aging of the compounds at 100°C. It is concluded that component interaction parameters may provide useful guidelines to the formulation of compounds with superior properties and reduced property losses due to aging.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A semimicro brittleness test to monitor weathering of plasticized PVC (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a test method, by modification of ASTM D 1790, to follow the changes in brittleness temperature Tb of plasticized PVC during weathering and to produce a profile of the changes in a composition. It may also be used to measure the change in brittleness temperature at the end of a specific weather test. Few and small specimens are used to avoid the exposure of prohibitively large sheets that otherwise would be required and to make short the unacceptably long time otherwise demanded. It therefore makes programs practical that involve many formulations aimed at superior performance. It gives greater confidence than mere visual and tactile observations that a given compounding ingredient or a total composition can or cannot do the job that is required of it.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060204
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigments for PVC applications (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Skillful selection and evaluation of pigments for use in PVC compositions demands careful recognition and interpretation of side effects. These include possible interfering effects due to additives such as lubricants, heat and light stabilizers, U.V. screeners, etc. In addition, it has been observed that pigments can chemically react with polymers (PVC included) initiating degradative processes or catalyzing oxidation of PVC or its additives. Other changes affecting pigment performance in PVC include its solvation by the polymer at high processing temperatures and particle size reduction by abrasion during high intensive premixing. Also, in applications where amount of heat build-up of dark vinyls due to light absorption is important, inorganic pigments are shown to be superior to their organic counterparts. However, care in controlling processing temperatures to preclude polymer-pigment reactions needs to be exercised when inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, cadmium yellow pigments, and any other mixed metal oxides are evaluated, for use in PVC compounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 97-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy and plastic processing I. Effect of lubricants in formulation (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the fusion process of rigid PVC formulations. The results suggest that fusion involves chain entanglement across the resin grain boundary brought about by shear and heat. Heat comes from the processing machine as well as from friction when the resin particle are made to rub against each other during processing. The mechanism of lubricants, therefore, is to control the frictional heat build-up. The level of lubricants should be just enough to prevent thermal degradation from frictional heat build-up but not so much as to retard the chain entanglement process. Since this heat balance encompasses the total system, including the machine, the formulation and the articles being shaped, an optimum formulation has to be evolved for each case with all the system variables taken into consideration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of calcium stearate dispersion in dryblends (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 114-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flowable grades of calcium stearate have coarser particle sizes in order to reduce dusting and improve bulk handling properties. This study shows that in many cases, some flowable grades of calcium stearate will disperse as homogeneously as a powdered grade and under these conditions the two grades of calcium stearate could be used interchangeably. Under some conditions, however, some flowable grades of calcium stearate will not completely disperse and so the use of flowable grades of calcium stearate must be considered on a case by case basis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of plate-out problems in barium-cadmium-zinc stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) wire coating compounds (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory two-roll mill technique and chemical analysis procedures were used to determine the source of plate-out problems associated with plasticized, barium-cadmium-zinc stabilized, poly(vinyl chloride) extrusion wire coating compounds. The results of this study indicated that the barium-cadmium-zinc heat stabilizer was the main contributor to the plate-out problem. It was further shown that the plasticizer participated in the plate-out process while a secondary heat stabilizer system did not. Using the two-roll mill technique, it was possible to optimize the poly(vinyl chloride) compound to minimize plate-out while maintaining optimum physical properties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 133-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress cracking of rigid polyvinyl chloride by plasticizer migration (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (failure caused by crack and craze formation at a stress less than the yield stress) reduces the service life of many plastic products. This paper is concerned with ESC of rigid PVC products which are in contact with a plasticized PVC material. The ESC affect (as measured by elongation to break) is reduced at faster strain rates and by higher plasticizer viscosity, which suggests a mechanism requiring flow of plasticizer into a growing craze. Well fused (gelled) PVC made at a higher melt temperature slowed but did not eliminate environmental stress cracking. Rubber impact modifier added to the rigid PVC had no effect on ESC. Environmental stress cracking can be avoided by using flexible PVC that has a non-migrating plasticizer or by designing the product so that rigid PVC is not stressed while in contact with plasticized PVC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060407
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mica as filler for PVC compounds: Effects of particle size and surface treatment (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this study, natural, delaminated and silane-treated micas were screened to give fractions passing 60 to 325 screen mesh sizes. The micas were used as fillers (to 80 wt. percent) in plasticized PVC compounds, their dispersion behavior and their effects on mechanical properties of compounds being noted, and compared with the performance of similarly compounded PVC with CaCO3 fillers. The fusion and dispersion performance of these solids was contrasted strongly. While fusion time and maximum torque in Brabender mixing responded only weakly to the presence of CaCO3, in the presence of ≳40 wt. percent mica both of these parameters increased sharply. The elastic modulus of filled compounds indicated little reinforcement by CaCO3, while mica raised the modulus as much as 150 percent, suggesting significant bonding at the filler-matrix interface. This bonding appeared unable to withstand shear strain, elongations at rupture of mica-filled compounds falling catastrophically when compared with CaCO3-filled controls. The tested micas appear of questionable value as substitutes for inexpensive commodity fillers. As expected, at given loading, finer-particle micas gave increased values of the elastic modulus, but particle size did not strongly affect ultimate mechanical properties. Torque maxima and equilibria in mixing correlated well with particle size. Silane-treated micas produced compounds with properties only mildly different from those using untreated versions. Thus, in PVC (and possibly in other chloride-group containing polymers) interfacial conditions seem only mildly influenced by conventional coupling technology.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060405
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilizer comparison exterior PVC profile applications (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper compares the performance of Estertin mercaptide, alkyltin mercaptide, barium/cadmium carboxylate, inorganic lead, and organotin carboxylate PVC heat stabilizers for exterior PVC profile applications. These stabilizers were all evaluated for heat stability performance, exterior and accelerated weatherability, and lubrication and processability. Since their lubrication characteristics vary greatly, several formulation modifications were employed including European and U.S. types. While all stabilizers could be processed acceptably into exterior rigid profiles, with the possible exception of the tin carboxylate, the Estertin mercaptide and the alkyltin mercaptide exhibited fewer processing difficulties. The barium/cadmium carboxylate provided the best weatherability at low titanium dioxide loadings. At high titanium dioxide loadings, only small differences could be detected between all types of stabilizers evaluated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060406
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processability of rigid PVC compounds II. Comparions of extrusiometric and mixing head data. Effect of composition variables (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various formulations of unplasticized PVC dry blends were investigated by extrusiometer and laboratory batch mixer (mixing chamber). Torque versus time curves of the mixing chamber experiments were characterized by three, essentially independent data: fusion time, equilibrium torque, and stability time, corresponding to the three distinct phases of the processing. Fair correlation was found between fusion characteristics of the compound and the energy required for its processing in the extrusiometer. The effect of composition on extrusiometric and mixing chamber data was investigated by multiple linear regression technique. The results allow prediction of the effect of recipe changes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060105
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mexico's PVC industry (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 8-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060104
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoke suppressants for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)Originally presented at the Amer. Chem. Soc. Org. Coatings and Appl. Polym. Sci. Proc. 48, 806, March 24, 1983. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 25-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Addition of plasticizers to poly(vinyl chloride) generally increases its flammability and frequently increases smoke production during its burning. Flame retardants added to plasticized PVC can reduce flammability, but increase smoke production. This study shows that proper choice of combined use of other polymers, phosphate plasticizers, fillers and other flame retardants, produces measured synergistic improvements in flame retardance and smoke suppression which could benefit applications such as PVC wire and cable insulation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060109
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Today's PVC resins (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 53-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060202
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycaprolactone as a permanent plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)Originally presented at Amer. Chem. Soc. Organic Coatings and Applied Polymer Sci. Pro, 48, 799, March 24, 1983. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polycaprolactone at moderate usage levels has been determined to provide desirable modifications of both rigid and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). In rigid PVC it effected significant improvement in melt processing as well as good modulus, tensile strength, and kerosene resistance. Impact strength was not measurably altered, but heat-distortion temperature was appreciably lowered. In flexible PVC, polycaprolactone contributed increased tensile strength and ultimate elongation, reduced volatility, and kerosene extraction. Lowering of modulus and flex temperatures were similar to conventional liquid polymeric plasticizers, but melt processability was not as good as lower-molecular-weight plasticizers.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060107
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of PVC primary particles (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microstructure of suspension PVC primary particles has been revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The primary particles are composed of agglutinated domains which resemble linked sausage and in some cases are branched. Use of highly polished thin sections and special ion etching techniques appears responsible for revealing these microstructural features not previously reported by other investigators.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060404
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic modelling of the continuous emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloridePresented in the PVC Symposium, CAN-AM Chemical Congress, 67th Canadian Chemical Conf. of the CIC, Montreal, Canada, June 1984. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 134-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A dynamic model for the continuous emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride (VCM) in a train of stirred tank reactors has been developed. This model can predict monomer conversion, polymer particle size distribution (PSD), molecular weight distribution and long and short chain branching frequencies under non-steady reactor operation during startup, reactor switching and during unstable operation when conversion and polymer and polymer particle properties oscillate with time. The model has been used to design a flexible reactor train configuration which operates in a stable mode and can produce latexes with a wide range of properties including a bimodal polymer particle size distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time effects during capillary flow of a rigid PVC formulationPresented in part at the 54th. Annual Meeting Society of Rheology, 1982. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A typical rigid PVC formulation was rheologically characterized using capillary and parallel plate rheometers within regular processing temperatures and deformations. At 190°C and in an intermediate range of shear rates (10 to 100 l/s) the stress response was a function of the flowing time in the capillary. This behavior was not observed at other temperatures (170 and 210°C). Small amplitude oscillary shear experiments for the same compound but with various thermomechanical histories showed a different behavior as compared to the results of the capillary flow. The specific results of the capillary experiments are consistent with the hypothesis of particulate flow of PVC and also point out the influence of the stabilizers and lubricants in the flow behavior of the compound. The time dependent effect is analyzed in terms of the coupling of thermal and mechanical stresses with the unmelted particles present in the flow field.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060205
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size analysis of plasticized PVC dispersion resins using the photometric centrifugal sedimentation method (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6 (1984), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are many known methods for determining the particle size distribution of PVC dispersion resins. Most of these methods require that the resin be in an aqueous medium. PVC dispersion resins are used primarily in a plasticizer medium. The shearing action that takes place when the resin is mixed in plasticizer and the subsequent solvating action of the plasticizer affect the particle size distribution of the dispersion resin. It is advantageous to be able to determine the particle size distribution of the plasticized resin since it can affect various properties such as rheology, gloss and foam quality. It is the purpose of this paper to show that a fast zonal sedimentation technique can be used to analyze the less than 20 μ particle size fraction of a dispersion resin after it has been mixed in a plasticizer system. This can be accomplished in less than 90 minutes. This technique can be used to relate particular dispersion resin properties to the particle size distribution of the resin. The method can also be used as a quality control test.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730060409
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050101
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paper-like filled polyethylene films (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Filled high-density-polyethylene (HDPE) films for packaging applications have been developed. These films are of low permeability, are water and grease resistant, and can be heat-sealed like HDPE films but have stiffness, deadfold, cuttability, and appearance similar to those of paper. The films are produced in thicknesses of 10 to 100 + μm by the standard film blowing technique. The effect of the filler type, resin parameters, and film blowing process variables on the resultant filled film properties is discussed. The commercialization of filled films and the market acceptance of the products is also briefly elaborated upon.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050113
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050201
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers: Composites: Materials and engineering (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 100-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050116
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments in sheet molding compound technology (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The molding of fiber-reinforced thermoset components is a complex process involving a highly exothermic chemical reaction, which takes place in the presence of flow and thermal gradients. The flow in turn is complicated by time- and temperature-dependent rheological characteristics. The industry has grown largely on the basis of empirical developments. However, numerous problems do remain which require increased understanding for solution. This report reviews work underway in numerous laboratories to characterize the flow and cure of sheet molding compounds and phenomena associated with these processes such as orientation, mechanical properties, residual internal stresses, mold fill, and surface defects.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050114
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of thermal and mechanical properties of glass-epoxy composite laminates (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper provides an experimental test of the validity of laminate theory used for calculating thermoelastic properties of a unidirectional composite laminate. Theoretically calculated values of elastic moduli and coefficients of thermal expansion for unidirectional glass/epoxy laminates were compared with the measured values. Laminates (8″ × 8″ × 1/4″) as a function of ply orientation were made and their elastic moduli, thermal expansion coefficients, fiber volume, and void contents were measured.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050303
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design concepts for the tallest free-standing fiberglass stack (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents design and materials considerations involved in the production of large, free standing glass reinforced plastic (GRP) industrial stacks. Because of large wind loads, such stacks must be designed with sophisticated structural analysis techniques, especially at load transfer points. This paper details such considerations for the world's tallest GRP stack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050305
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Off-axis tensile properties and fracture in a unidirectional graphite/polyimide composite (celion 6000/PMR 15) (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Tensile properties of unidirectional Celion 6000 graphite/PMR 15 polyimide composites prepared by hot molding and cold molding processes were measured at room temperature and 316°C, the upper use temperature of the polyimide resin, at both 45 and 90° to the fiber axis. The resulting fractures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and materialographic techniques. Variation in tensile properties with processing history occurred in the elastic modulus and strain to failure for specimens loaded at 90° at 316°C, and in the fracture stress, and hence the in-plane shear stress, for those loaded at 45° at room temperature. Significant plastic deformation was observed in the 45° orientation at 316°C for material produced by both processing methods. In general, fracture occurred by both failure within the matrix and at the fiber-matrix interface; the degree of interfacial failure increased with temperature. Secondary cracking below the primary fracture surface also was observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050304
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous fiber rearrangements during the molding of fiber composites. II. Flat cloth to a rounded cone (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This report is the second in a series in which we attempt to develop rapid computational procedures for determining the rearrangement of continuous fibers that occurs during the molding of fiber composite components from flat precursors. This report considers the shaping of a balanced cloth into a cone with a rounded top. The numerical procedure developed predicts that a cloth can be shaped into rounded cones with all but the smallest cone angles without wrinkling. The predictions are compared with experiment for a particular cone angle, and various parameters connected with the shaping calculation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050306
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of epoxy-reinforced glass-cloth composites with a perfluorinated alkyl ether elastomer (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 198-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A perfluorinated alkyl ether diacyl fluoride prepolymer (molecular weight about 1500) was coreacted with Epon 828 epoxy resin and diamino diphenyl sulfone to obtain an elastomertoughened, glass-cloth composite. Improvements in flexural toughness, impact resistance, and water resistance, without loss of strength, modulus of elasticity or a lowering of the glasstransition temperature, were realized over those of the unmodified composite. Factors concerning optimization of the process are discussed. Results suggest that a simultaneously interpenetrating polymer network may be formed which gives rise to a measured improvement in composite mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050307
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene composites. Talc-filled, elastomer-modified polypropylene (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 202-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The balance of impact strength and rigidity of polypropylene can be significantly improved by physical blending of the polypropylene with a talc filler and a variety of elastomer types. Unsaturated elastomers were found to be effective impact strength improvers in 70/15/15 percent PP/elastomer/talc composites, whereas saturated elastomers gave rise to a high stiffness of such compounds. This is attributed primarily to different tendencies of the elastomers to coat the filler surface. Studies on a wider range of compositions, using a butadienestyrene-butadiene (SBS) block copolymer and a ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) terpolymer as representatives of the two elastomer classes, indicated that at high stiffness levels (flexural modulus 〉 1.6 GN/m2), the composites with SBS show the best balance of properties, whereas at higher impact levels EPDM leads to a higher rigidity and impact strength. On the basis of morphological studies such differences can be explained qualitatively, in spite of the complex structure of these composites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-rupture lifetime of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)/glass composite under an alkaline solution environmentResearch supported by the University-Industry Research Program, Center for Composite Materials (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 208-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stress corrosion testing of injection molded, short-fiber (E-glass) reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), in a 10 weight percent NaOH solution, indicated that a PET-matrix degradation mechanism was operating. This is in direct contrast to the fiber degradation observed in acidic (10 weight percent HCl solution) stress corrosion tests on this material. Stress-rupture lifetime in the alkaline solution was shorter than that in the acidic solution, suggesting that the alkaline attack on the PET matrix is more aggressive than the acidic attack on the E-glass fibers. In both environments, fiber/matrix interface deterioration was also observed. Alkaline lifetime versus toughness behavior has been analyzed by established statistical methodology, using the empirical lifetime expression and the Weibull distribution function.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050309
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introductory remarks (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 241-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis and condensation of silanes in aqueous solutions (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 242-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aminosilanes hydrolyze rapidly in aqueous acidic solutions and exhibit good stability; however 1H NMR measurements indicate that γ-MPS (γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane) hydrolyzes slowly and condenses rapidly under similar conditions. The rate constant of these two reactions depends upon the pH of the solution, and the rate constant of the condensation reaction also depends upon the initial γ-MPS concentration. The hydrolysis is faster and the condensation slower at low pH's. These factors explain why an induction period is observed before the adsorption of γ-MPS onto mica takes place and why it does not occur if the induction period is too long. Using the Lentz technique, it is also shown that the main species resulting from the condensation of a concentrated γ-MPS solution is a cyclic trimer or tetramer, in agreement with literature results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elongational behavior of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene melts (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Rheometrics Elongational Rheometer was employed to study the uniaxial extensional flow of glass fiber filled polypropylene melts, in which the fiber concentration, c, varied between zero and 40 weight percent. The constant strain rate mode was used for strain rates, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^. $\end{document}, between 0.003 and 0.6 s-1. Steady state elongational viscosities were observed in most cases for fiber filled polypropylene melts, even at rates at which the stress continued to increase for unfilled polypropylene. The rate of relative stress growth increased with \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^. $\end{document} and was affected by the addition of fibers. The steady elongational viscosity of the fiber reinforced melts was found to decrease with increasing \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^. $\end{document} and to increase with increasing c. Yield stresses were observed in elongational flow at high concentrations, although there was no clear evidence of yield in steady shear.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050408
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of silica on the crystallization of isotactic poly(propylene oxide) (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The addition of one part, by weight, of fine particle silica to one hundred parts isotactic poly(propylene oxide) causes a retardation in the rate of radial growth of spherulites at all temperatures between 268 and 313 K. The results have been fitted empirically by use of the Hoffman-Lauritzen equation suitably modified to account for effects due to the presence of the silica. At certain temperatures the presence of the silica also causes a change in the morphology of the spherulites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050410
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of interaction of fillers with matrix polymers via transition maps (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surface modifications of fillers can be detected via dielectric relaxation spectroscopy with surface coatings that interact with the matrix polymer resulting in higher glass transition temperatures of the matrix polymer. Increasing the surface area of filler present by increasing the amount of filler systematically shifts the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer to higher values. Increasing the surface area of the filler by making the surface microporous improves many mechanical properties but may not immobilize as many matrix polymer molecules if a weak boundary layer is present.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050412
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamic mechanical method for the characterization of solid composite polymers (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Information and parameters obtainable from the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis test method are defined. The sensitivity of the technique in detecting the presence of separate phases is emphasized. The Polymer Laboratories DMTA instrumentation is briefly described and its various modes of operation, such as frequency multiplexing, discussed. The theory of the mechanical response of two phase systems is presented via the Takayanagi model approach. Series and parallel coupling constants are derived for a few systems as examples of the definition of phase morphology. Examples are given of the results for ethylene-propylene random copolymer, block copolymer elastomers, rubber toughened poly(styrene), carbon fiber reinforced expoxies with different orientations of fiber, and carbon black filled rubbers. The engineering properties of composites are available directly from the PL-DMTA, which provides sensitive detection of non-linear mechanical behavior, frequently found in multi-phase polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of mica-reinforced polyethylene meltsBased on the presentation given at the symposium on Rheological Properties of Polymers, held during 65th CIC Chemical Conference, Toronto, May 31 through June 2, 1982. (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Seven samples of HDPE containing 0, 2, 5, 10, 25, 40 and 60 weight percent of mica were prepared on a roll mill at 200°C. The samples were tested at T = 150, 170, 190 and 210°C for a wide range of rate of deformation from 10-2 to 2 × 104 s-1. Both capillary and rotational rheometers were used. The samples were found to be thermally stable. The results indicate that η, G′, and G″ increase with mica content for the whole range of deformation rates. The relaxation time spectrum for the sample containing 60 weight percent of mica showed a particulate contribution. The zero shear viscosity was discussed in terms of suspension theories.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle flow and sintering processes in extrusion (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 52-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flow mechanism of particulate polymers during processing is reviewed. The extrusion of starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate) polymers is a good example of this type of processing, since graft copolymers retain their granular appearance and do not melt, even at high temperature, due to the rigid starch matrix. The formation of a continuous plastic by extrusion is accomplished by the sintering of heat-deformed granules in the high-pressure zone of the extruder die. Photomicrographs confirm this mode of formation. Plots of flow rate through the extruder die versus pressure in the die are presented. Tensile strengths and percent elongation of extruded specimens are not greatly affected by variations in flow rate. The equilibrium moisture content (about 5 percent) of starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate) plasticizes the starch component and thus reduces the operating pressure in the die. Tensile strengths, however, are unaffected by the presence of equilibrium moisture. Final traces of residual acid (resulting from initiator solution) are difficult to remove from starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate), and prolonged heating of the graft copolymer in the presence of this acid results in polymer degradation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050110
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of particulate reinforcement on creep behavior of polyurethane foams (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The compressive creep behavior of rigid unreinforced and particulate reinforced polyurethane foams at different densities, filler contents, temperatures, and loads was investigated. The creep behavior could be described by a power function of time and its temperature dependence by an Arrhenius type relation. The addition of particulate rigid fillers enhances the creep resistance as well as the foam elastic modulus. Particulate reinforcement of polyurethane foams was found to be efficient for the higher foam densities, especially for higher filler levels.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-phase syntactic foams (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three-phase syntactic foams consisting of a close-packed microballoons bed, binding resin, and air voids are reported. Preparation methods varied from simple dry-blending with a solid powdery resin-to-resin coating of spheres from polymer solutions. By holding the hollow spheres volume fraction constant and at the maximum packing, a property studied was a function of a single variable, namely, resin volume fraction, void content or density. Mechanical properties are reported as function of one of these variables. The temperature effect was investigated on polyimide based foams. The dielectric constant is shown to obey a logarithmic rule of mixtures. Modified modulus-composition equations are shown to be applicable for prediction of moduli values of the three-phase systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050208
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050301
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic vs. thermosetting structural composites (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High performance composites are normally fabricated from continuous fiber and fabric reinforcements embedded in a thermosetting resin. Currently, thermoplastics are receiving considerable attention as matrix materials in structural composites. These thermoplastic composites can be fabricated by novel techniques which are less cumbersome and potentially faster than curing in an autoclave. In this paper, fabrication techniques and physical properties of thermosetting composites will be compared. Applications where thermoplastic composites are particularly well suited will be presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of processing aids and coupling agents in mica-reinforced polypropylene (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 250-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Low molecular weight waxes prepared by the maleation of thermally degraded polypropylene are effective substitutes for silane coupling agents in filled polypropylene resins. The addition of 1 to 5 percent maleated polypropylene wax increased the tensile and flexural strength of mica-filled polypropylenes without significant changes in the modulus or fracture toughness. The waxes also aided dispersion, reduced melt viscosity, and permitted direct injection molding of powder blends without precompounding. The influence of maleated polypropylene wax coupling agents on the mechanical properties is similar to the published behavior of chlorinated paraffin waxes, but without the undesirable corrosiveness. The efficient utilization of untreated micas as reinforcing fillers for general purpose polypropylene homopolymers can have important cost savings in the fabrication of mica-reinforced automotive components.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050404
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of aspect ratio of inclusions on the elastic properties of unidirectionally aligned composites (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper examines the influence of aspect ratio α, from zero to infinity, on the effective elastic moduli of a transversely isotropic composite. The reinforcing inclusions, which could be flakes or short fibers, are assumed to be spheroidal and unidirectionally aligned. Of the five independent elastic constants, the longitudinal Young's modulus E11 and in-plane shear modulus μ12 appear to increase with increasing aspect ratio, while the transverse Young's modulus E22, out-plane shear modulus μ23, and plane-strain bulk modulus K23, generally decrease. It is further noted that E11 is more sensitive to α when α 〉 1 but the others are more so when α 〈 1. The present analysis was carried out by the combination of Eshelby's and Mori-Tanaka's theories of inclusions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050413
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of endless-fiber reinforced polymers (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 347-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Both in aircraft and automobile construction, the transition from metals to fiber reinforced polymer resins is taking place with increasing regularity. Beginning with the wide selection of possible materials, definite examples of the mechanical properties of construction parts are discussed in this article. Different production possibilities based on fiber winding technology are shown. The application of robots in production is also considered.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050416
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optimum property concept - part II the relative order in failure property maxima with increasing filler levels (1984)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 5 (1984), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Properties are identified which pass through a maximum when the filler loading in a polymer is increased; all are failure properties. Under standard test conditions of strain rate and temperature, the order of the failure property maxima with increasing filler loadings is identical in different polymers. The optimum level for maximum tear strength is higher than the optimum level for tensile strength. In general, the optimum level is even higher for abrasion resistance. The order in which these maxima develop is different when the degree of crosslinking is increased. The optimum level depends on characteristics of the polymer, e.g., the glass transition temperature. It can be shown that an increase in the pore volume of silica fillers, or an increase in the length of the crystalline segment in thermoplastic elastomers, leads to similar property trends as increased filler levels. Thus, the property trend which was established for increasing filler levels provides a scheme against which polymer or compound modifications can be assessed. The implications of the observed property trends on several generalizations in the literature are assessed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750050415
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polymer conformation and morphology through small-angle neutron scattering - A literature review (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering, SANS, stands forth as one of the most important of the new tools for evaluating polymer chain conformation and morphology. This paper reviews the SANS literature through 1982, with a few early 1983 references added. The theory of SANS is outlined and compared to light scattering. SANS values of polymer molecular weights and radii of gyration obtained in the bulk state were found to be in agreement with values obtained from dilute solutions by light scattering. In each case, deuterated fractions of polymer were inserted into the hydrogeneous matrix, or vice versa, to provide contrast. Several new research areas are then discussed, including unidirectional stretching of elastomers, stress-relaxation, polymer-polymer miscibility, crystallization from the melt compared with crystallization from dilute solutions, nonclassical aggregation during bulk polymerization of thermoset systems, morphology of polymer blends, block copolymers and ionomers, the core-shell structure of latexes and polymer blocks, and grafts as surfactants in emulsions and latexes. Much new and sometimes unexpected information is being provided by the SANS research now in progress.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240102
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of prestrain on the subsequent thermal crystallization of a copolyester of lactic and glycolic acid (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation was carried out in order to study the effect of prestrain on the subsequent crystallization of a specific copolyester based on lactic and glycolic acid. This polymer, which can be easily quenched into an amorphous glass, has a Tg of 43°C and when in crystalline form has a melting point of 210°C. Using amorphous films, samples were prestrained to various levels at temperatures not far above Tg. In some cases films were immediately quenched at the prestrain level so as to retain the elongation while others were allowed to immediately retract whereby they showed a relatively small degree of permanent Set. Utilizing birefringence, quenched samples whose initial elongation was maintained showed linear behavior with prestrain while those that retracted showed essentially zero birefringence until a prestrain of about 150 percent after which a small degree of positive birefringence resulted. Wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS) showed no signs of crystallinity in all cases. These same films were then quickly taken to 150°C and rapidly crystallized. Again, one series of the prestrained samples were in the elongated state during crystallization whereas the second series was unrestrained during crystallization. Using microscopy and small angle light scattering (SALS), the morphological textures of these crystallized films were investigated. In all cases, spherulitic textures were observed of equivalent size up to a value of about 200 percent elongation the spherulite size systematically decreased with the prestrain an increase in clearly showing that prestrain had a pronounced effect upon the nucleation density. Increasing draw rate displayed a similar effect on nucleation density. Since spherulite size was noted to be the same in either series, it indicated that nucleation was induced as a result of the prestrain and remained irrelevant of whether the sample was allowed to relax or not. The morphology above the transitional state was similar to row structure common to polymers crystallized in the oriented state. WAXS and birefringence was applied to the crystallized materials and it was found that up until the transitional zone, no crystal orientation was observed in either series indicating that although nucleation density was strongly affected up until that point, no orientation was retained within the sample upon crystallization. A simplified model is used to explain the observed results.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240506
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheo-optical study on the reformation of structure in racemic poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) liquid crystals (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transmitted light intensities were measured by means of the polarized light technique for the nematic liquid crystal phase of racemic poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) (PBG) in m-cresol at 25°C after cessation of steady flow at shear rates ranging from 0.2 to 110 s-1. Weight-average molecular weights of PBG used were 1.5, 2.1, and 2.6 × 105, while the concentrations varied between 20, 30, and 40 wt percent. Transmitted light intensities with crossed and parallel polarizers, Ix and I|, show wavy changes with time after cessation of steady flow, indicating the retardation decreases with time. An attempt was made to explain experimental results on the basis of a simple model, in which not only relaxation of molecular orientation but also effects of the wall and disclination were taken into account.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240510
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation studies of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 376-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper discusses the results of a detailed study of the relationships between molecular orientation, physical properties, and molecular weight of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and their dependence on orientation variables. The molecular weight range of the samples used in this study included weight average molecular weights, Mw, between 29,000 and 65,000 which correspond to inherent viscosities, I.V., from 0.5 to 0.9. The orientation temperatures investigated were between 80 and 120°C. The extent of molecular ordering imparted by the orientation process was studied by birefringence, density, light scattering, and depolarized light intensity techniques. The results show that the degree of molecular orientation and the physical properties are strongly dependent on strain rate, extension ratio, molecular weight, and orientation temperature. The mechanical and transport properties, of PET are directly related to the degree of orientation as measured by birefringence. It is found that at a comparable level of orientation, the mechanical properties are also dependent on molecular weight, whereas the transport properties are independent of molecular weight. The degree of orientation varies according to the molecular weight of PET and stretch temperature. It is shown that for the same stretch ratio and stretch speed, the birefringence decreases with increasing stretch temperature. The light scattering results indicate that biaxial orientation of PET can lead to strain-induced crystallization. The amount and form of the crystalline structures are dependent on strain rate and orientation temperature.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240513
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle scattering from ampholytic styrene ionomersSome of these results were presented at the American Physical Society March Meeting, Dallas, 1982, and at the IUPAC Macro 82 Meeting, Amherst, July, 1982. (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Small angle neutron scattering experiments were made on an ionomer synthesized from perdeuterostyrene and an ion pair comonomer. A Debye plot based on data from the sample with lower ion concentration gave a correlation length of 5.3A. Clustering is not significant in this sample. With a higher concentration of ionic groups a peak in the scattering curve is interpreted as due to clusters about 20A in diameter. These studies along with X-ray scattering and electron microscopy also indicate the presence of larger ion rich domains.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240514
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow analysis of rubber transfer molding (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study has been carried out on rubber I transfer molding. It reveals that the filling is frequently limited more by the resistance of flow across the transfer pot than by resistance of flow through the sprue holes into the cavities. A mathematical model has been derived, which predicts semi-quantitatively the molding behavior observed. The mode1 predicts that fill time is proportional to the ratio of compound viscosity divided by molding pressure raised to about the fourth power. For the common cases where most of the fill time is from the resistance to the transverse flow on the top of the sprue plate, the fill time is proportional to about the fifth power of the ratio of transverse distance divided by the charge thickness. Experimental results showed that preheating and mastication of the compound reduced transfer time substantially. The charge pattern did not seem to have a major influence on transfer time.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240604
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain scission and mechanical degradation of polystyrene (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extent of molecular degradation of amorphous polystyrene when subjected to mechanical grinding at cryogenic temperature has been investigated using electron spin resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and viscometry. Essentially identical concentrations of chain ruptures in the degraded samples were found from infrared spectroscopic determinations of molecular end group concentrations and by the changes in the viscosity-average molecular weights. The chain-scission concentration was from two to four times the free-radical concentrations, indicating that free-radical-propagation reactions play a much less dominant role in the degree of molecular damage associated with mechanically induced chain scission in glassy polymers. In addition, experiments were carried out as a function of molecular weight and these indicated a virtual independent behavior with molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240606
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240701
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drying of plastics with time-varying surface concentration: Experiments on slabs and application to equipment analysis (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 460-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Drying of hygroscopic plastics in preparation for molding or extrusion is characterized by very low moisture levels in the polymers and by very low humidity in the drying air. In these circumstances, diffusivity is essentially independent of moisture concentration but surface concentration will vary with time in the general case. An exponential surface concentration/time function is derived from fundamentals and applied to the solution of the diffusion equations for slabs and spheres. Under ideal drying conditions, the solutions reduce to the elementary case in which cs = cf for θ 〉 0. For non-ideal drying, the exponential factor b̃ in the surface concentration function appears in the solutions of the diffusion equations. Experiments on slabs were used to verify the analysis since ideal or non-ideal drying conditions could readily be set up with molded slab samples. Experimental drying curves are in agreement with theory. To complete the analysis for engineering applications, equations for counter flow heat transfer in the dryer hopper are derived and combined with the diffusion solutions to generate dryer performance data.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240703
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The form and origin of some non-equilibrium morphologies in multicomponent polymer blends-a brief report (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 541-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240806
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...