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  • Articles  (16)
  • Oryza sativa
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in DTPA-iron and management of iron chlorosis in rice nurseries (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: DTPA-iron ; Green manure ; Iron chlorosis ; Oryza sativa ; Rice nursery ; Sesbania cannabina ; Upland rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary On a Typic Ustochrept soil incorporation of 10 tons/ha of a green manure plus submergence for 10 days followed by raising upland nursery checked iron chlorosis. In contrast, presubmergence with and without FYM and iron sulfate or pyrite were a failure. Nor weekly sprays with 3.0% iron sulfate were found very effective. The success of green manure plus submergence was associated with the mobilization of soil iron as a result of intense reduction and its subsequent retention in available form at a sufficient high level during the growth of upland nursery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185711
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feasibility of selection for traits associated with cold tolerance in rice under rapid generation advance method (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; cold tolerance ; rapid generation advance ; selection for growth ; tolerance and plant height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variability of the hybrid population can be preserved through generations during the process of rapid generation advance (RGA). Effective selection can be done in an early generation for those traits having high heritability value like growth duration and plant height. But selection is not advantageous for traits having low heritability. Thus, selection for panicle exsertion, cold tolerance at seedling stage and panicle length would not be wise during the early generations. However, in the low temperature areas growth duration and plant height are two important factors which determine varietal suitability. As selection of these two characters are possible through RGA, it should be a standard parctice during RGA to eliminate the plants with long growth duration and select plants with optimum plant height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of ammonium and nitrate uptake by young rice plants (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Nutrient interactions ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Solution culture ; Uptake kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An important process which affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to a rice crop is crop N uptake. This uptake rate is controlled by many factors including the N-ion species and its concentration. In this study the relation between N concentration at the root surface and N uptake was characterized using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation considers two parameters, Vmax and Km, which are measures of the maximum rate of uptake and the affinity of the uptake sites for the nutrient, respectively. Uptake rates of intact rice plants growing in a continuously flowing nutrient solution system were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model using a weighted regression analysis. For NH4−N the Km values for 4- and 9-week-old rice plants indicated a high affinity for the ammonium ions relative to concentrations reported for rice soils after fertilization. The Vmax values expressed on a unit-root-mass basis decreased with plant age, indicating a reduction in the average density of uptake sites on the root surface. The kinetics of NO3−N uptake was similar to that of NH4−N when NO3−N was the only N source. However, if NH4−N and NO3−N were present simultaneously in the solution the Vmax for the uptake of NO3−N was severely reduced, while the Km was affected very little. This inhibition appears to be noncompetitive. Fertilization of young rice plants leading to concentration of N at the root surface above approximately 900 μM will not increase crop uptake and may contribute to inefficient N recovery by the crop. The existence of NH4−N and NO3−N simultaneously at the root surface may also lead to inefficient N recovery because of reduced uptake of NO3−N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374517
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of deep placement and surface application of urea on the yield of wetland rice in pot trials (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Deep placement ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Surface application ; Urea ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of deep placement and surface application of urea fertilizer on the yield of rice grown in pots of alluvial clay soil covered with 5 cm water was studied under controlled conditions. Application of two levels of urea supergranules and prills (2 g and 4 g urea/0.1 m2) on the surface of submerged soil increased the vegetative growth and enhanced the grain yield as much as 85%. However, no difference in yield was found between urea prills applied in three split doses and one application of urea supergranules. Deep placement of two levels of urea supergranules in the soil at four different depths (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm) resulted in the highest yields. The fertilizer was most efficient when the highest concentration was placed in the soil at a depth of 5.0 cm. This application method increased the grain yield by 20% as compared with the soil surface application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203399
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of Fe, Mn and P in a calcareous vertisol and yield of upland rice as influenced by presowing soil water treatments (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Iron ; Manganese ; Oryza sativa ; Phosphate ; Rice ; Vertisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted on a calcareous vertisol at Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri to study the release of Fe, Mn and P in soil and yield of two rice cultivars due to different soil water treatments for 15 days prior to sowing. Soil saturation (daily two irrigations) for 15 days prior to sowing increased the supply of Fe, Mn and P in soil at sowing as a result of reduction in pH and Eh. Dry matter yield at different growth stages as well as grain yields of Karjat 184 (dwarf) and Tuljapur 1 (tall) also increased due to presowing soil saturation treatment. Tuljapur 1 yielded more than Karjat 184 when grown under upland conditions. Laboratory incubation studies showed reduction in soil pH (from 8.6 to 7.5) and Eh (from +501 to +362 mv) at the end of 15 days under soil submergence treatment. Availability of Fe, Mn and P was also found to be increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374723
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil temperature on nitrogen fixation on roots of rice and reed (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Phragmites communis ; Reed ; Rhizosphere ; Rice ; Roots ; Soil temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relation of nitrogenase activity (ethylene evolution) to soil temperature or incubation temperature of roots was determined on two genera of swamp plants, namely rice (Oryza sativa) cultivated in tropical climate and reed (Phragmites communis) grown in temperate regions. For both intact rice plants and excised rice roots the optimum temperature was 35°C. On excised roots nitrogenase activity responded more sensitivity to changes in temperature. In contrast to intact rice plants no ethylene evolution occurred on excised roots at 17 and 44°C. On reed roots temperature optimum was between 26 and 30°C which is clearly lower than on rice (35°C). The temperature range in which nitrogen fixation occurred was, however, similar to that of rice, although on a lower level. The results suggest a higher potential of the tropics for associative N2 fixation, while in cooler climates the lower temperatures appear to be a major limiting factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Klebsiella ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Phyllosphere ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The beneficial effect of spraying some highly active phyllosphere N2-fixing microorganisms on high and low yielding cultivars of rice plants as compared with that of urea applied at different doses are described. The dry weight, N-content, 1000 grain weight, and yield were remarkably increased in all cases with the application of phyllosphere microorganisms. The performance of two isolates KUP4 and KUPBR2 with IR-8 and IR-26 rice, was better than that of 52 kg urea-N per hectare. IR-579 rice leaves in association with some phyllosphere bacteria reduced acetylene at the rate of 664–816 nmoles/g leaf/h. In IR-26 rice the effect of application of bacterial suspension at three phases of plant growth corresponded very well with that of urea application in three split doses under identical conditions. Recommended fertilizer rates produced the same yield as the half dose plus bacterial spray in the cultivars Pankaj and Rupsail. Fertilizer application in Pankaj and Rupsail rice reduced nitrogenase activity and the beneficial effects of phyllosphere N2-fixation was reduced by 40–55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of grain threshability in rice (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 815-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritence ; threshability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of grain threshability was studied in a cross between two indica rice varieties. Hard threshability was found to be completely dominant over easy threshability. The segregation pattern indicated threshability to be monogenically controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039222
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening rice genotypes for tolerance to alkalinity and zinc deficiency (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; adverse soils ; mineral deficiency ; salinity ; alkalinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A preliminary investigation on the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency and the inter-relationship of tolerances to Zn deficiency and alkalinity was made. Three generations of 2 crosses involving parents tolerant (IR20 and IR30) and sensitive (E425) to Zn stress were screened in IRRI concrete beds. One hundred genotypes (varieties and breeding lines) were screened for injury from alkalimity and Zn deficiency. The results of this experiment and earlier mass screening experiments were subjected to association analyses. The results in general indicated that tolerance to different mineral stresses behave nearly independently. The frequency distribution of ratings for 3 generations indicated that the trait tolerance to Zn deficiency is under polygenic control showing continuous variation and transgression in F2. Tolerance seems to be dominant. The heritability varied between crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033985
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of salt tolerance in rice (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; salt-tolerance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic behavior of salt tolerance was studied in artificially salinized conditions at the International Rice Research Institute. Divergent selection, carried out at a salinity level where the ECe was 15.2 mmhos/cm at 25 C in F3 lines from two crosses confirmed the effects of salt tolerance on F4 progeny with realized heritability values of 0.39 and 0.62, respectively. In a cross between two tolerant cultivars there was clear over-dominance for tolerance, despite the high environmental fluctuation which resulted in a low genetic response as indicated by a low but significant repeatability of 0.20–0.25, and many progeny lines more tolerant than the parents were recovered. The superior tolerance of these progenies compared to the parents was confirmed subsequently at 3 different salt levels. In the same experiment a cross between tolerant and susceptible cultivars produced some progeny of comparable tolerance with tolerant sources. In a 6×6 diallel cross experiment with two tolerant, moderate, and susceptible varieties each, both general and specific combining ability were significant. The findings indicate the possibility of breeding rices more tolerant than existing tolerant cultivars through cumulative crosses of tolerant cultivars. Further improvement can be attained by crossing highly tolerant lines with donors of good agronomic traits and pest and disease resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033990
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a simple technique for characterizing rice root systems in relation to drought resistance (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; root pulling force ; drought resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Drought is a constraint to rice yields in much of Asia's rainfed rice crop. Although genotypic variation for root system characteristics is well documented in this semiaquatic species, little improvement of rice for drought resistance has been attempted. No simple method to evaluate root systems exists. In this paper we report the development and testing of a simple device to measure the pulling force required to uproot rice seedlings. The force required to pull rice seedlings from the paddy soil was correlated with root weight, root branching and thick root number. The capability to separate rice cultivars by this technique and relationship of the root pulling force to other drought screening methods are illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033989
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage of genes for anthocyanin pigmentation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 747-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; pigmentation ; panicle density ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of anthocyanin pigmentation and the interrelationship between genes governing anthocyanin pigmentation in different parts of the rice plant and genes governing panicle density were studied in the cross Suma × Wanar-1. A ratio of 45 pigmented: 19 non pigmented was realised for anthocyanin accumulation in sheath, nodal ring, internode, leaf tip, leaf margin and apiculus whereas a ratio of 3 normal:1 laxy was observed for panicle density. Pleiotropic action of a basic gene (A) and each of the two complementary duplicate genes (P a or P b) was detected. A linkage group of genes localising pigment in six plant parts was identified, the sequence of genes being P nr-P lm-P la-P a-P sh-P in. This may form part of the III ‘S p’ group of Misro et al. (1966), in which case the genes P nr and P la are proposed to be additions to this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038804
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Flowering, awning and awn colour, panicle density and exsertion, liguleless, bent node and pigmentation (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 771-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; flowering ; awning ; awn colour ; panicle density ; panicle exsertion ; liguleless ; bent node ; pigmentation ; linkage ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The cross of two indica types of rice T9 and M35, provided scope for the inheritance study of 16 characters such as flowering, awning and awn colour, panicle density and panicle exsertion, presence of ligule, bent node, and pigmentation in ten other characters. Besides the purple colour, yellow and chalky white were studied for their inheritance. Two to five pairs of factors were found to govern the 16 characters under study. Complementary, duplicate, complementary duplicate, inhibitory complementary and inhibitory duplicate action of genes was observed. Independent dominant action of individual genes which is equivalent to the action of two or three genes is recorded in respect of panicle density and awning and awn colour. Inheritance of the 16 characters shows the involvement of 59 genes unreported in the past. Out of them 19 are inhibitors. Combined segregation data have revaled the existence of many pleiotropic genes acting on two or more characters and exhibiting differential expression in some of them, which is an interesting part of the present study. Linkage analysis has resulted in the assignment of the record number of 17 genes to a single group, nine of them being inhibitors. The linkage map constructed in the order of genes as suggested by the cross over values shows a good agreement. This linkage group is concluded not to form part of any group propounded by Misro et al. (1966) in indica rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038807
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transfer of a gene for glutinous endosperm to Oryza glaberrima Steud. From a japonica variety of O. sativa L. (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; Oryza sativa ; common rice ; non-glutinous character ; glutinous character ; gene symbol ; cytoplasm substitution line ; fertility-restoring gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In common rice, Oryza sativa L. (n=12), the gene Am for ‘non-glutinous’ is dominant over the gene am for ‘glutinous’. In African rice, O. glaberrima Steud. (n=12), no spontaneous glutinous strain has been found, but recently a glutinous strain of glaberrima was induced by EMS-treatment. The interspecific cytoplasm substitution line with sativa cytoplasm and glaberrima nucleus is male sterile. It has been confirmed that the complete restoration of pollen fertility in this male sterile line is attributed to a single dominant nuclear gene Rf j.Trial to transfer gene am from sativa to glaberrima was commenced with backcrosses of the F1 hybrid (glutinous sativa cv. Iwai-mochi ♀ × glaberrima ♂) to glaberrima type plants of the substitution line homozygous for Rf j,using the latter as the pollen parent. At the B1 step, highly fertile glaberrima type Am/am plants were obtained. Thereafter plants of this type were backcrossed to normal glaberrima as the recurrent pollen parent to complete the nuclear substitution. It was confirmed that the EMS-induced glutinous character of glaberrima was a monogenic recessive and that the same gene controls the expression of glutinous character in the different rice species, sativa and glaberrima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038817
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anther and pollen grain culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; anther culture ; isolated pollen grain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Factors favouring callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration of plants from pollen grains of rice anthers (Oryza sativa L., cvx. Bahia, Girona, Balilla × Sollana and Sequial) were determined. Cultivar differences in response were found, such as a high rate of haploid plant regeneration. In addition, isolated pollen grain culture was used to induce tissue proliferation outside the anther walls. The frequency of callus formation from isolated pollen grains was very low. It was necessary to preculture the anthers before pollen grain separation, in order to accomplish a successful development later. Root differentiation was observed in some of the obtained callus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038780
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield of submerged paddy and uptake of Zn, P and N as affected by liming and Zn fertilizers (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: CaCO3 ; Oryza sativa ; Submerged paddy ; Zinc sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of CaCO3, Zn sources and levels on the yield of submerged paddy and uptake of Zn, P and N to paddy were studied in green-house at Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar. Powdered CaCO3 was mixed at 0,4 and 8 per cent and Zn was added at 0,5 and 10 ppm through ZnSO4.7H2O, ZnO and Zn EDTA separately. Dry weight at tillering and heading and grain and straw at maturity decreased significantly with 4 and 8 per cent CaCO3 in comparison to the control. Increasing Zn application increased the dry weight and grain yield. Zn EDTA gave highest yield of paddy followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. Increasing the application of CaCO3 from 0–8 per cent decreased the concentration and uptake of Zn and increasing Zn application from 0–10 ppm increased concentration and uptake of Zn in paddy at tillering, heading and maturity. Zn EDTA gave the highest concentration and uptake of Zn followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. There was interaction between Zn sources and CaCO3. The concentration and uptake of N and P in paddy dry matter at tillering and heading and straw and grain at maturity decreased as compared to control with increasing CaCO3 addition. The concentration and uptake of N increased and that of P decreased in paddy dry matter straw and grain with increasing Zn application. The highest concentration of N was observed with ZnO, followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn EDTA. But highest uptake of N was observed with Zn EDTA followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. As regards concentration and uptake of P, it was highest with ZnO followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn EDTA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197955
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