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  • *Biological Evolution
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (43)
  • 1985-1989  (43)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (43)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Species questions in modern human origins (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1666-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; *Paleontology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    What makes bigger brains? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Ecology ; Genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Taxonomic differences in the scaling of brain on body weight among mammals (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Theories for the evolution of brain weight in mammals suggest that closely related species have diverged largely as a result of selection for differences in body weight, but that differences among more distantly related species have arisen due to greater net directional selection on brain weight. This pattern of changing selection causes brain weight to evolve more slowly than body weight among closely related species, such as those in the same genus, than among more distantly related species, such as those from different families or orders; a phenomenon known as the "taxon-level effect." Thus, brain weight differs more for a given difference in body weight as the species compared are more distantly related. An alternative explanation for the taxon-level effect is proposed. Distantly related species are more likely to inhabit different ecological conditions than are more closely related species. Where the taxon-level effect occurs, brain weight appears to have evolved in response to the demands of these different ecological conditions. As a consequence, brain weight differs more among distantly related species, for any given difference in body weight, than among closely related species. This effect, rather than a progressive pattern of changing selection pressures, may account for the taxon-level effect in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pagel, M D -- Harvey, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1589-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Artiodactyla/anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Weight ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Carnivora/anatomy & histology ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Ecology ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Models, Biological ; Organ Size ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Regression Analysis ; Rodentia/anatomy & histology ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Fitness differences among remnant populations of the endangered sonoran topminnow (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: Four correlates of fitness were measured in three stocks of the endangered Sonoran topminnow, Poeciliopsis occidentalis, from Arizona. Survival, growth, early fecundity, and developmental stability were greatest in laboratory-reared fish from the most heterozygous natural population studied. Conversely, all four traits were poorest in fish from a population with no electrophoretically detectable genetic variation. These results emphasize the need for genetic as well as demographic information for the development of comprehensive species recovery programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quattro, J M -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyprinodontiformes/*genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Finite social space, evolutionary pathways, and reconstructing hominid behavior (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Changes in social behavior were a key aspect of human evolution, and yet it is notoriously difficult for paleobiologists to determine patterns of social evolution. By defining the limited number of distributional strategies available to members of each sex of any species and investigating the conditions under which they may occur and change, the social behavior of different hominid taxa may be reconstructed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foley, R A -- Lee, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):901-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Haplorhini/genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Evolution of urea synthesis in vertebrates: the piscine connection (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: Elasmobranch fishes, the coelacanth, estivating lungfish, amphibians, and mammals synthesize urea by the ornithine-urea cycle; by comparison, urea synthetic activity is generally insignificant in teleostean fishes. It is reported here that isolated liver cells of two teleost toadfishes, Opsanus beta and Opsansus tau, synthesize urea by the ornithine-urea cycle at substantial rates. Because toadfish excrete ammonia, do not use urea as an osmolyte, and have substantial levels of urease in their digestive systems, urea may serve as a transient nitrogen store, forming the basis of a nitrogen conservation shuttle system between liver and gut as in ruminants and hibernators. Toadfish synthesize urea using enzymes and subcellular distributions similar to those of elasmobranchs: glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthethase (CPS III) and mitochondrial arginase. In contrast, mammals have CPS I (ammonia-dependent) and cytosolic arginase. Data on CPS and arginases in other fishes, including lungfishes and the coelacanth, support the hypothesis that the ornithine-urea cycle, a monophyletic trait in the vertebrates, underwent two key changes before the evolution of the extant lungfishes: a switch from CPS III to CPS I and replacement of mitochondrial arginase by a cytosolic equivalent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mommsen, T P -- Walsh, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):72-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and Living Resources, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginase/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)/metabolism ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)/metabolism ; Fishes/*metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Urea/*biosynthesis ; Vertebrates/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Chromosomal location and evolutionary rate variation in enterobacterial genes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: The basal rate of DNA sequence evolution in enterobacteria, as seen in the extent of divergence between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, varies greatly among genes, even when only "silent" sites are considered. The degree of divergence is clearly related to the level of gene expression, reflecting constraints on synonymous codon choice. However, where this constraint is weak, among genes not expressed at high levels, divergence is also related to the chromosomal location of the gene; it appears that genes furthest away from oriC, the origin of replication, have a mutation rate approximately two times that of genes near oriC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharp, P M -- Shields, D C -- Wolfe, K H -- Li, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):808-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bias (Epidemiology) ; *Biological Evolution ; *Chromosomes, Bacterial ; Codon/genetics ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Enterobacteriaceae/*genetics/ultrastructure ; Escherichia coli/genetics/ultrastructure ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Mutation ; Regression Analysis ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Human origins (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-22
    Description: New discoveries combine to indicate that all the major steps in human evolution took place in Africa. Skeletal analysis of oldest human forbears around 3 million years ago reveal many anatomical similarities to African Great Apes. These and biochemical resemblances indicate a common ancestry for humans and apes, perhaps only a few million years earlier. Enlarged knowledge through recent recovery of skeletons of several successive stages in the line leading to modern peoples shows that many attributes or skills by which we define humanity arose much more recently in time than heretofore believed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simons, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1343-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke University Center, Durham, NC 27705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Haplorhini/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Intron existence predated the divergence of eukaryotes and prokaryotes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-25
    Description: Nucleotide sequences for the nuclear genes encoding chloroplast (GapA and GapB) and cytosolic (GapC) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDHs) from Arabidopsis thaliana were determined. Comparison of nucleotide sequences indicates that the divergence of chloroplast and cytosolic GAPDH genes preceded the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In addition, some intron-exon junctions are conserved among GapB, GapC, and chicken GAPDH genes. These results provide evidence at the molecular level to support the idea that introns existed before the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shih, M C -- Heinrich, P -- Goodman, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3055302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cells ; Chickens/genetics ; Chloroplasts/enzymology ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Exons ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/*genetics/metabolism ; *Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Plants/genetics ; *Prokaryotic Cells
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    How old is the genetic code? Statistical geometry of tRNA provides an answer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: The age of the molecular organization of life as expressed in the genetic code can be estimated from experimental data. Comparative sequence analysis of transfer RNA by the method of statistical geometry in sequence space suggests that about one-third of the present transfer RNA sequence divergence was present at the urkingdom level about the time when archaebacteria separated from eubacteria. It is concluded that the genetic code is not older than, but almost as old as our planet. While this result may not be unexpected, it was not clear until now that interpretable data exist that permit inferences about such early stages of life as the establishment of the genetic code.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eigen, M -- Lindemann, B F -- Tietze, M -- Winkler-Oswatitsch, R -- Dress, A -- von Haeseler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):673-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2497522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon ; Archaea/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; Computer Simulation ; Eubacterium/genetics ; *Genetic Code ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phylogeny ; *RNA, Transfer ; Statistics as Topic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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