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  • Articles  (326,556)
  • 1985-1989  (172,431)
  • 1980-1984  (154,125)
  • Medicine  (326,556)
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  • Articles  (326,556)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional domains of bacteriophage Mu transposase: properties of C-terminal deletions (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have generated a series of 3’deletions of a cloned copy of the bacteriophage Mu transposase (A) gene. The corresponding truncated proteins, expressed under the control of the λ Pl promoter, were analysed in vivo for their capacity to complement a superinfecting Mu4am phage, both for lytic growth and lysogeny, and for their effect on growth of wild-type Mu following infection or induction of a lysogen. Using crude cell extracts, we have also examined binding properties of these proteins to the ends of Mu. The results allow us to further define regions of the protein important in replicative transposition, establishment of lysogeny and DNA binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00266.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional organization and nucleotide sequence of virulence Region-2 on the large virulence plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The 7kb virulence Region-2 of the large (virulence) plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a encodes several proteins required for invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Insertion and deletion mutagenesis, DNA subcloning and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis of proteins synthesized in minicells demonstrated five genes in this region. They encode 24, 18, 62 (lpaB), 41 (lpaC) and 37 (lpaD)-kiloDalton (kD) proteins. Complementation of Tn5-induced mutations in Region-2 with the above plasmid constructs indicated that Region-2 consists of two operons and that the three lpa proteins are essential for the virulence phenotype. The transcriptional organization determined by Northern blotting, S1 nuclease protection and the effect of Tn5 insertions on expression of the lpa proteins revealed that Region-2 has three promoters that transcribe RNAs of 4.0, 4.5 and 7.5kb. The 4.0 kb RNA was the transcript for the operon encoding the 24, 18 kD, lpaB and C proteins and the 4.5 kb RNA for the ipsD gene. In addition, the full-length RNA of 7.5 kb which covers Region-2 supplemented full expression of the lpa proteins. The 7663 nucleotides of Region-2 were determined to confirm the five open reading frames encoding 23655, 17755, 62168, 41077 and 36660 Dalton proteins, respectively, and their regulatory sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00269.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the virA virulence gene of the nopaline plasmid, pTiC58, of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 4.8 kilobase fragment encompassing the virA locus of the nopaline-type plasmid, pTiC58, of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. virA is composed of a single open reading frame of 2499 nucleotides, capable of encoding a protein of 91.3 kiloDaltons. A trpE::virA gene fusion was used to confirm the reading frame of virA. High nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies were observed between pTiC58 virA and the virA sequences of three octopine-type plasmids. Strong homologies in amino acid sequence were observed between pTiC58 VirA and seven bacterial proteins which control various regulons. Two hydrophobic domains within VirA are also consistent with a model in which VirA acts as a membrane-bound sensor of plant signal molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00274.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane topology of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The β-lactamase fusion vector, pJBS633, has been used to analyse the organization of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. The fusion junctions in 84 in-frame fusions of the coding region of mature TEM β-lactamase to random positions within the PBP3 gene were determined. Fusions of β-lactamase to 61 different positions in PBP3 were obtained. Fusions to positions within the first 31 residues of PBP3 resulted in enzymatically active fusion proteins which could not protect single cells of E. coli from killing by ampicillin, indicating that the β-lactamase moieties of these fusion proteins were not translocated to the peri-plasm. However, all fusions that contained: ≥36 residues of PBP3 provided single ceils of E coli with substantial levels of resistance to ampicillin, indicating that the β-lactamase moieties of these fusion proteins were translocated to the periplasm. PBP3 therefore appeared to have a simple membrane topology with residues 36 to the carboxy-terminus exposed on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. This topology was confirmed by showing that PBP3 was protected from proteolytic digestion at the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane but was completely digested by proteolytic attack from the periplasmic side. PBP3 was only inserted in the cytoplasmic membrane at its amino terminus since replacement of its putative lipoprotein signal peptide with a normal signal peptide resulted in a water-soluble, periplasmic form of the enzyme. The periplasmic form of PBP3 retained its penicillin-binding activity and appeared to be truly water-soluble since it fractionated, in the absence of detergents, with the expected molecular weight on Sephadex G-100 and was not retarded by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Superose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00278.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast 2μm vectors replicate and undergo recombination in Torulaspora delbrueckii (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to develop a procedure for transformation of the industrial yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii, we have constructed a set of recombinant plasmids carrying Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARS and 2μm origin of replication and kanamycin-G418 resistance gene of Tn903(601) as a selective marker. In this paper we show that S. cerevisiae ARS vectors can replicate autonomously and that vectors bearing the whole S. cerevisiae 2 μ sequence yield stable transform ants. We also present evidence to show that 2μm vectors undergo an FLP-mediated inter- and intramolecular recombination, which suggests that T. delbrueckii can support the amplification and partition mechanisms of these plasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00251.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the spoVJ gene (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The process of spore formation in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a simple developmental system controlled by 50 or more genes. The complex pattern of regulatory interactions between these genes is beginning to be elucidated. spoVJ is a poorly characterized locus in which mutations affect spore development at a relatively late stage (Stage V). We have now cloned and physically characterized the SpoVJ locus, and analysed its expression by lacZ fusion. Expression of spoVJ is temporally delayed until about two hours after the initiation of sporulation. Its expression is also spatially restricted to the mother cell compartment; as such, it represents the earliest known mother-cell-specific event. Control of spoVJ transcription is complex: expression is dependent upon the products of all of the spo0 genes and on some of the spoII genes butitis independent of all later genes except spoIIID. As spoIIID mutations do not affect prespore development, this gene must be an important early determinant of mother-cell-specific gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00255.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae to iron restriction: changes in the outer membrane protein profile and the removal of iron from porcine transferrin (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Outer membranes from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae grown under iron-replete and iron-restricted conditions in vitro were analysed by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Iron restriction resulted in the appearance of two or more novel polypeptides in the molecular size range of 96–102 kD and an increased amount of a 79 kD polypeptide. These polypeptides were recognized by porcine immune sera indicating their production by H. pleuropnuemoniae during‘growth in vivo. Although soluble siderophore production could not be detected, growth of the organisms on an iron-restricted medium was enhanced by the presence of porcine transferrin but not by bovine or human transferrin. The results suggest that H. pleuropneumoniae possesses a specific transferrin receptor, perhaps in the form of an iron-regulated outer membrane protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00258.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of enterobacterial cephalosporinase production: the role of a membrane-bound sensory transducer (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, resistance to the newer β-lactam antibiotics often results from overproduction of a cephalosporinase encoded by the β-lactam-inducible ampC gene. Regulation of ampC is controlled by the divergently expressed activator gene, ampR, and a second unlinked locus. In this presentation we show that although Escherichia coli has IQst its ampR gene it has retained the second regulatory locus and that this comprises the bicistronic ampDE operon. Genetic and biochemical studies define the ampD gene as encoding a repressor for amp C transcription whereas the ampE gene product is a cytoplasmic membrane protein. Inactivation of the AmpD protein by mutation causes massive overproduction of cephalosporinase which, in E. cloacae, can terminate in therapeutic failure. In contrast, toss of AmpE results in a total block in induction, despite the presence of the activator, AmpR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00262.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin: the nucleotide sequence of the gene and the mechanism of activation of the protoxin (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gene encoding cytotoxin (ctx) was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 158 and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The structural gene of ctx encodes the procytotoxin of 286 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 31681 Daltons. Procytotoxin was activated by removal of 20 amino acid residues from the C terminus with trypsin. The cloned ctx gene was not expressed in either an Escherichia coli strain or a cytotoxin non-producing strain of P. aeruginosa. An expression system for the ctx gene was constructed by placing the structural gene of ctx downstream of tac promoter on a broad host-range vector plasmid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00235.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Rhizobium phaseoli Sym plasmid regions involved in nodule morphogenesis and host-range specificity (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two nodulation regions from the symbiotic plasmid (pSym) of Rhizobium phaseoil CE-3 were identified. The two regions were contained in overlapping cosmids pSM927 and pSM991. These cosmids, in a R phaseoli pSym-cured strain background, induced ineffective nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris roots.Transconjugants of Rhizobium meliloti harbouring pSM991 induced nodule-like structures on bean roots, suggesting that this cosmid contains host-range determinants.Analysis of deletions and insertional mutations in the sequences of pSM991 indicated that the genes responsible for the induction and development of nodules in P. vulgaris are organized in two regions 20kb apart. One region, located in a 6.8kb Eco RI fragment, includes the common nodABC genes. The other region, located in a 3.5kb EcoRI fragment, contains information required for host-range determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00237.x
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