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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An environmental input-output model with multiple criteria (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 54 (1994), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Input-output ; multiple criteria decision making ; environmental policy ; JEL C44 ; C67 ; Q28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract It is often claimed that there is a trade-off between economic goals and the quality of the environment. For this reason, an environmental input-output optimization model with multiple objectives is formulated. The criteria are the minimization of factor costs to produce the Gross National Product and the minimization of net pollution for a given level of final demand. Using the LeChatelier-Samuelson principle, we analyze the changes in the production of the sectors and in the prices of the goods (described by the dual model) due to the change in the preferences of the decision makers. It can be shown that higher weights for the environmental objectives imply — in tendency —non-decreasing production of the sectors andnon-decreasing abatement activities. The changes of prices are ambiguous. The condition for increasing prices is given. To some degree, the opposite results can be achieved, if maximization of the value of final demand (or of private consumption) and minimization of net pollution under the constraints for primary input are taken as objective functions. In this case, increasing weights for environmental goals will leadin tendency tonon-increasing final demand and tonon-increasing net pollution. Under given conditions, higher environmental quality will be achieved bynon-increasing gross production and abatement activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031730
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural change in the United States: Social accounting estimates for 1982–1988 (1994)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 19 (1994), S. 429-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C67 ; O51
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract During the 1980's, extensive structural adjustments took place in the U.S. economy. This paper uses estimates of sectorally detailed social accounting matrices to evaluate the changes in receipt and expenditure patterns, including interindustry linkages, over the 1982–1988 period. Among other effects, our results reveal increasing service orientation, shifts in energy use, and increased import and foreign investment dependence. Detailed evidence on direct and indirect demand linkages indicates large shifts in the composition of government expenditure and private investment, the latter being intensified by declines in the rate of domestic capital formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205947
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology, innervation and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 141-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Aplysia californica ; R15 ; Egg-laying ; Artery ; Vasomotor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology, innervation, and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica were investigated. Immunocytochemical and histochemical techniques generated positive reactions in the anterior arterial system for several neuroactive substances, including SCPB, FMRFamide, R15α1 peptide, dopamine and serotonin. Three neurons were found to innervate the rostral portions of the anterior arterial tree. One is the identified peptidergic neuron R15 in the abdominal ganglion, and the other two are a pair of previously unidentified neurons, one in each pedal ganglion, named pedal arterial shorteners (PAS)- The endogeneously bursting neuron R15 was found to innervate the proximal anterior aorta. It also innervates a branch of the distal anterior aorta, the left pedal-parapodial artery. Activity in R15 causes constriction of the left pedal-parapodial artery. This effect is presumed to direct hemolymph towards the genital groove and penis on the right side in vivo. This vasoconstrictor action of R15 is mimicked by the R15α1 peptide. The PAS neuron pair causes longitudinal contraction of the rostral anterior aorta and the pedal-parapodial arteries. In vivo, the pair is active during behaviors involving head withdrawal and turning. By adjusting the length of the arteries during postural changes, the PAS neurons may prevent disturbances in blood flow due to bending or kinking of the arterial walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188923
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