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  • Chemistry  (50.842)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2.823)
  • Humans  (2.448)
  • 1990-1994  (56.112)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogenetic evidence for multiple Alu source genes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Alu source genes ; Humans ; Gorillas ; Retrotransposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A member of the young PV Alu sub-family is detected in chimpanzee DNA showing that the PV subfamily is not specific to human DNA. This particular Alu is absent from the orthologous loci in both human and gorilla DNAs, indicating that PV subfamily members transposed within the chimpanzee lineage following the divergence of chimpanzee from both gorilla and human. These findings and previous reports describing the transpositional activity of other Alu sequences within the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee lineages provide phylogenetic evidence for the existence of multiple Alu source genes. Sequences surrounding this particular Alu resemble known transcriptional control elements associated with RNA polymerase III, suggesting a mechanism by which cis-acting elements might be acquired upon retrotransposition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160256
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of codon usage in mammals: Selection or mutation bias? (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 442-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Mouse ; Rat ; Codon usage ; Mutation bias ; Selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A new statistical test has been developed to detect selection on silent sites. This test compares the codon usage within a gene and thus does not require knowledge of which genes are under the greatest selection, that there exist common trends in codon usage across genes, or that genes have the same mutation pattern. It also controls for mutational biases that might be introduced by the adjacent bases. The test was applied to 62 mammalian sequences, the significant codon usage biases were detected in all three species examined (humans, rats, and mice). However, these biases appear not to be the consequence of selection, but of the first base pair in the codon influencing the mutation pattern at the third position.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103136
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The evolution of two west African populations (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nuclear polymorphisms ; Heteroplasmy ; Genetic differentiation ; Sickle cell ; Rain forest refuges
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The identification of genetically coherent populations is essential for understanding human evolution. Among the culturally uniform ethnic groups of west Africa, there are two geographically distinct populations with high frequencies of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS). Although the HbS mutation in each group is found on distinguishable chromosomes 11, these populations have been assumed to be parts of a single population. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these populations demonstrated that the two populations identified by alternative chromosomes 11 bearing HbS have distinct distributions of mitochondrial genotypes, i.e., they are maternally separate. These studies also showed that, contrary to expectation, the mtDNA of some individuals is heteroplasmic. For nuclear loci, a comparison of the frequency of alternative alleles established that these populations are genetically distinct. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear data indicate that these populations have been separate for approximately 50,000 years. Although HbS in the two populations is usually attributed to recent, independent mutations, the duration of the separation and the observed geographic distribution of the population allow for the possibility of an ancient origin of HbS. Assuming an ancient mutation and considering the known biogeography, we suggest that HbS protected selected populations from malaria in rain forest refuges during the most recent ice age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160241
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agaricus Bisporus: An assessment of its carcinogenic potency (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Assessment ; Cancer ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Mushroom
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in theAgaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. By adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushroom needed to induce the same effect, it becomes obvious that we have accounted for less than 2% of the carcinogenic components of theAgaricus bisporus mushroom. Since some unavailable data handicapped this assessment, it should be regarded as tentative and subject to further adjustment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103105
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The solar wind and human birth rate: A possible relationship due to magnetic disturbances (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Schlagwort(e): Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045819
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling the constancy of X (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 216 (1994), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Molecular Hydrogen ; Cloud Models
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Observations of the CO J=1-0 line are commonly used as a tracer for molecular material in clouds. The ratio of the H2 column density to the integrated intensity of this line,X, is often taken to be constant, despite theoretical and observational uncertainty. We have tried to identify how this ratio depends on cloud parameters, testing a simple theoretical argument suggesting its invariance with respect to density. The apparent constancy can be understood if clouds are clumpy on scales of Av ≈ 1-2 mag.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982486
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Progress in the research of artemisinin-related antimalarials: An update (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 16 (1994), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Schlagwort(e): Antimalarials ; Artemisia annua L ; Artemisinin ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Clinical trials ; Pharmacology ; Phytochemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; Toxicology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated fromArtemisia annua L., and a number of its semisynthetic derivatives have shown to possess antimalarial properties. They are all eflective againstPlasmodium parasites that are resistant to the newest and commonly used antimalarial drugs. This article gives a survey of the literature dealing with artemisinin-relaled antimalarial issues that have appeared from the end of 1989 up to the beginning of 1994. A broad range of medical and pharmaceutical disciplines is covered, including phytochemical aspects like the selection of high-producing plants, analytical procedures, and plant biotechnology. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of artemisinin derivatives is discussed, as well as their mechanism of action and antimalarial activity, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, sideeffects and toxicology, and biological activities other than antimalarial activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872865
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material (1991)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 13 (1991), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Consumer product safety ; Drug packaging ; Environmental pollution ; Plasticizers ; Polyvinyls
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In this report the state of the art with respect to PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material is described. A general introduction into the applications of PVC is followed by a description of its production process. The metabolic effects of the monomer of PVC, vinyl chloride and of the most commonly used plasticizer diethylhexylphthalate are mentioned. Special attention is given to the pharmaceutical properties of plasticized PVC bags in comparison to other plastics and the environmental aspects of waste PVC disposal. Although there are emotional and political queries regarding the future use of PVC as a (pharmaceutical) packaging material, we conclude that there is no scientific justification for a total or partial ban of PVC. PVC will remain a fact of life as a cheap, versatile, high-performance and well-investigated plastic material for medical and pharmaceutical applications, to be replaced by newer plastics only for certain well-defined indications where the requirements of the plastic to be used are so specific that it will economically and technically be justified to use another polymer. Community and hospital pharmacists have to be prepared for a role in intake of waste plastic disposables, probably against deposit money, in order to fulfil the logistics needed for recycling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981526
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Systematics and evolution within theCompositae, seen with the eyes of a chemist (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 171 (1990), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Compositae ; Chemistry ; systematics ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The broad knowledge of the chemistry of theCompositae allows the discussion of its relevance for the systematics and evolution within the family. Furthermore a separation into subfamilies can be supported by the observed differences in the distribution of the main constituents in the tribes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940593
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling the kinetics of the precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1990), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zur Beschreibung der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit der radikalischen Fallungspolymerisation von Acrylsäure in Toluol wurde ein Modell entewickelt. Die experimentelle Überprüfung des Modells erfolgte durch Messungen in einem isotherm betriebenen Reaktionskalorimeter. Das Modell beschreibt die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit bis zum vollständigen Umsatz in einem Temperaturbereich von 40 bis 60°C.
    Notizen: A kinetic model for the free-radical precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in toluene was developed and verified experimentally by using an isothermal reaction calorimeter. The model predicts the rate of polymerization accurately up to complete conversion in the temperature range of 40 to 60°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051750109
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