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  • Nature Publishing Group  (29,689)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1995-1999  (16,975)
  • 1980-1984  (21,818)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defining protein interactions with yeast actin in vivo (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 2 (1995), S. 28-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Using the two-hybrid protein interaction reporter system, actin, profilin, Srv2p and two SH3-containing proteins are found to bind yeast actin in vivo. When tested for ability to interact with 35 actin mutations distributed over the monomer surface, distinct subsets of mutations characteristic for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0195-28
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The allosteric ligand site in the V max -type cooperative enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 2 (1995), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The crystal structure of the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Eschehchia coli is unique among dehydrogenases. It consists of three clearly separate domains connected by flexible hinges. The tetramer has approximate 222 symmetry with the principal contacts between the subunits forming between ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0195-69
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron diffraction analysis of the solvent accessible volume in cubic insulin crystals (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 2 (1995), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The average contact distance between protein and solvent surface atoms in cubic insulin crystals has been determined from two sets of 15 Å resolution neutron diffraction data. A contact distance between the water hydrogen sites and the protein surface that is significantly shorter than the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0195-77
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND REGULATION OF INTESTINAL MOTILITY (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 117-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The enteric nervous system exerts local control over mixing and propulsive movements in the small intestine. When digestion is in progress, intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) are activated by the contents of the intestine. The IPANs that have been physiologically characterized are in the intrinsic myenteric ganglia. They are numerous, about 650/mm length of small intestine in the guinea pig, and communicate with each other through slow excitatory transmission to form self-reinforcing assemblies. High proportions of these neurons respond to chemicals in the lumen or to tension in the muscle; physiological stimuli activate assemblies of hundreds or thousands of IPANs. The IPANs make direct connections with muscle motor neurons and with ascending and descending interneurons. The circular muscle contracts as an annulus, about 2-3 mm in minimum oral-to-anal extent in the guinea pig small intestine. The smooth muscle cells form an electrical syncytium that is innervated by about 300 excitatory and 400 inhibitory motor neurons per mm length. The intrinsic nerve circuits that control mixing and propulsion in the small intestine are now known, but it remains to be determined how they are programmed to generate the motility patterns that are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.117
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    GENETIC DISEASES AND GENE KNOCKOUTS REVEAL DIVERSE CONNEXIN FUNCTIONS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 283-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intercellular channels present in gap junctions allow cells to share small molecules and thus coordinate a wide range of behaviors. Remarkably, although junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates use unrelated gene families to encode these channels. The recent identification of the invertebrate innexin family opens up powerful genetic systems to studies of intercellular communication. At the same time, new information on the physiological roles of vertebrate connexins has emerged from genetic studies. Mutations in connexin genes underlie a variety of human diseases, including deafness, demyelinating neuropathies, and lens cataracts. In addition, gene targeting of connexins in mice has provided new insights into connexin function and the significance of connexin diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.283
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  • 6
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    ATP-SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNELS: A Model of Heteromultimeric Potassium Channel/Receptor Assemblies (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 337-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) play important roles in many cellular functions by coupling cell metabolism to electrical activity. By cloning members of the novel inwardly rectifying K+ channel subfamily Kir6.0 (Kir6.1 and Kir6.2) and the receptors for sulfonylureas (SUR1 and SUR2), researchers have clarified the molecular structure of KATP channels. KATP channels comprise two subunits: a Kir6.0 subfamily subunit, which is a member of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel family; and a SUR subunit, which is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily. KATP channels are the first example of a heteromultimeric complex assembled with a K+ channel and a receptor that are structurally unrelated to each other. Since 1995, molecular biological and molecular genetic studies of KATP channels have provided insights into the structure-function relationships, molecular regulation, and pathophysiological roles of KATP channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOTHELIN IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 391-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this article, we review the basic pharmacological and biochemical features of endothelin and the pathophysiological roles of endothelin in cardiovascular diseases. Development of receptor antagonists has accelerated the pace of investigations into the pathophysiological roles of endogenous endothelin-1 in various diseases, e.g. chronic heart failure, renal diseases, hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, and pulmonary hypertension. In chronic heart failure, the expression of endothelin-1 and its receptors in cardiomyocytes is increased, and treatment with an endothelin receptor antagonist improves survival and cardiac function. Endothelin receptor antagonists also improve other cardiovascular diseases. These results suggest that the interference with endothelin pathway either by receptor blockade or by inhibition of endothelin converting enzyme may provide novel therapeutic drugs strategies for multiple disease states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.391
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    GENE INTERACTIONS IN GONADAL DEVELOPMENT (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 417-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acquisition of a sexually dimorphic phenotype is a critical event in mammalian development. Although the maturation of sexual function and reproduction occurs after birth, essentially all of the critical developmental steps take place during embryogenesis. Temporally, these steps can be divided into two different phases: sex determination, the initial event that determines whether the gonads will develop as testes or ovaries; and sexual differentiation, the subsequent events that ultimately produce either the male or the female sexual phenotype. A basic tenet of sexual development in mammals is that genetic sex-determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome-directs the embryonic gonads to differentiate into either testes or ovaries. Thereafter, hormones produced by the testes direct the developmental program leading to male sexual differentiation. In the absence of testicular hormones, the pathway of sexual differentiation is female. This chapter reviews the anatomic and cellular changes that constitute sexual differentiation and discusses SRY and other genes, including SF-1, WT1, DAX-1, and SOX9, that play key developmental roles in this process. Dose-dependent interactions among these genes are critical for sex determination and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.417
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    MODULATION OF VASOPRESSIN-ELICITED WATER TRANSPORT BY TRAFFICKING OF AQUAPORIN2-CONTAINING VESICLES1 (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 61 (1999), S. 683-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vasopressin or AVP regulates water reabsorption by the kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) through the insertion and removal of aquaporin (AQP) 2 water channels into the IMCD apical membrane. AVP-elicited trafficking of AQP2 with the apical membrane occurs via a specialized population of vesicles that resemble synaptic vesicles in neurons. AQP2 vesicles and the IMCD apical membrane contain homologs of vesicle-targeting and signal transduction proteins found in neurons. Expression studies of AQP2, including human AQP2 mutants, suggest that the carboxyl-terminal domain of AQP2 is important in AQP2 trafficking, particularly as a site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. These present data reveal that IMCD cells possess a complex integrated-signaling and vesicle-trafficking machinery that provides integration of AVP-elicited water transport with many other parameters within the IMCD cell as well as kidney.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.683
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Inhibin, Activin and the Female Reproductive Axis (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 219-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.001251
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  • 11
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    Molecular Pathology of the Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channel (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 355-385 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.002035
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  • 12
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    Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone in the Perinatal Period (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 115-134 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.000555
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Chemical Regulation of Pulmonary Airway Tone (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 151-170 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.001055
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  • 14
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    In Defense of the Oral Cavity: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function of Salivary Mucins (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 547-564 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.002555
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  • 15
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    Cell Biology of Atherosclerosis (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 791-804 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.004043
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  • 16
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    Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 805-826 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.004105
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  • 17
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    Traffic Signals on Endothelium for Lymphocyte Recirculation and Leukocyte Emigration (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 57 (1995), S. 827-872 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.004143
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  • 18
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    A personal View of Muscle and Motility Mechanisms (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 1-19 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000245
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  • 19
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    Morphogenesis of the Lung: Control of Embryonic and Fetal Branching (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 93-113 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000521
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  • 20
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    Formation of Pulmonary Alveoli and Gas-Exchange Surface Area: Quantitation and Regulation (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 73-92 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000445
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  • 21
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    Molecular Mechanisms of Beta-Adrenergic Relaxation of Airway Smooth Muscle (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 115 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.000555
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  • 22
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    Transgenic Approaches to Salivary Gland Research (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 209-229 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001233
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  • 23
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    The Trefoil Peptide Family (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 253-273 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001345
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  • 24
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    Low-Threshold Calcium Currents in Central Nervous System Neurons (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 329-348 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001553
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  • 25
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    Intestine-Specific Gene Transcription (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 275-297 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001423
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  • 26
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    Persistent Sodium Current in Mammalian Central Neurons (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 349-362 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.002025
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  • 27
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    Inherited Diseases of the Vasculature (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 58 (1996), S. 483-507 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.002411
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  • 28
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    SPECIAL TOPIC: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MECHANOTRANSDUCTION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 59 (1997), S. 573-574 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.573
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  • 29
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    TENSEGRITY: THE ARCHITECTURAL BASIS OF CELLULAR MECHANOTRANSDUCTION (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 59 (1997), S. 575-599 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Physical forces of gravity, hemodynamic stresses, and movement play a critical role in tissue development. Yet, little is known about how cells convert these mechanical signals into a chemical response. This review attempts to place the potential molecular mediators of mechanotransduction (e.g. stretch-sensitive ion channels, signaling mollecules, cytoskeleton, integrins) within the context of the structural complexity of living cells. The model presented relies on recent experimental findings, which suggests that cells use tensegrity architecture for their organization. Tensegrity predicts that cells are hard-wired to respond immediately to mechanical stresses transmitted over cell surface receptors that physically couple the cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix (e.g. integrins) or to other cells (cadherins, selectins, CAMs). Many signal transducing molecules that are activated by cell binding to growth factors and extracellular matrix associate with cytoskeletal scaffolds within focal adhesion complexes. Mechanical signals, therefore, may be integrated with other environmental signals and transduced into a biochemical response through force-dependent changes in scaffold geometry or molecular mechanics. Tensegrity also provides a mechanism to focus mechanical energy on molecular transducers and to orchestrate and tune the cellular response.
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  • 30
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    MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNELS OFESCHERICHIA COLI:The MscL Gene, Protein, and Activities (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 59 (1997), S. 633-657 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although mechanosensory responses are ubiquitous and diverse, the molecular bases of mechanosensation in most cases remain mysterious.MscL, a mechano-sensitive channel of large conductance of Escherichia coli and its bacterial homologues are the first and currently only channel molecules shown to directly sense mechanical stretch of the membrane. In response to the tension conveyed via the lipid bilayer, MscL increases its open probability by several orders of magnitude. In the present review we describe the identification, cloning, and first sets of biophysical and structural data on this simplest mechanosensory molecule. We discovered a 2.5-ns mechanosensitive conductance in giant E. coli spheroplasts. Using chromatographies to enrich the target and patch clamp to assay the channel activity in liposome-reconstituted fractions, we identified the MscL protein and cloned the mscL gene. MscL comprises 136 amino acid residues (15 kDa), with two highly hydrophobic regions, and resides in the inner membrane of the bacterium. PhoA-fusion experiments indicate that the protein spans the membrane twice with both termini in the cytoplasm. Spectroscopic techniques show that it is highly helical. Expression of MscL tandems and covalent cross-linking suggest that the active channel complex is a homo-hexamer. We have identified several residues, which when deleted or substituted, affect channel kinetics or mechanosensitivity. Although unique when discovered, highly conserved MscL homologues in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have been found, suggesting their ubiquitous importance among bacteria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.633
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  • 31
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    REGULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF SOLUTES ACROSS TIGHT JUNCTIONS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 143-159 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The intercellular tight junction is the rate-limiting barrier in the paracellular pathway for permeation by ions and larger solutes. A variety of widely used electrical and flux approaches are used in the analyses of solute permeation through this pathway; however, each has limitations in practice. It is now clear that solute permeation across tight junctions is dynamically regulated by intracellular events with a common effector mechanism apparently tied to the cytoskeleton. These pathways, which regulate tight junction solute permeability, are targets that produce epithelial barrier dysfunction in a variety of disease states. However, regulation of solute permeation across the junctional barrier may also represent a potential means to improve bioavailability of orally administered bioactive solutes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.143
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  • 32
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    ROLE OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS IN ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING CELL POLARITY (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 161-177 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The tight junction (TJ) is not randomly located on the cell membrane, but occupies a precise position at the outermost edge of the intercellular space and, therefore, is itself considered a polarized structure. This article reviews the most common experimental approaches for studying this relationship. We then discuss three main topics. (a) The mechanisms of polarization that operate regardless of the presence of TJs: We explore a variety of polarization mechanisms that operate at stages of the cell cycle in which TJs may be already established. (b) TJs and polarity as partners in highly dynamic processes: Polarity and TJs are steady state situations that may be drastically changed by a variety of signaling events. (c) Polarized distribution of membrane molecules that depend on TJs: This refers to molecules (mainly lipids) whose polarized distribution, although not the direct result of TJs, depends on these structures to maintain such distribution.
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    ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS IN INTESTINE, KIDNEY, LIVER, AND BRAIN (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 243-266 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review focuses on sodium-independent transport systems for organic cations in small intestine, liver, kidney, and brain. The roles of P-glycoproteins (MDR) and anion transporters (OATP) in organic cation transport are reported, and two members of the new transporter family OCT are described. The OCT transporters belong to a superfamily that includes multidrug-resistance proteins, facilitative diffusion systems, and proton antiporters. They mediate electrogenic transport of small organic cations with different molecular structures, independently of sodium and proton gradients. The current knowledge of the distribution and functional properties of cloned cation transport systems and of cation transport measured in intact plasma membranes is used to postulate identical or homologous transporters in intestine, liver, kidney, and brain.
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    CODEPENDENCE OF RENAL CALCIUM AND SODIUM TRANSPORT (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 179-197 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Calcium and sodium absorption by the kidney normally proceed in parallel. However, a number of physiological, pharmacological, pathological, and genetic conditions dissociate this relation. In each instance, the dissociation can be traced to the distal convoluted tubule, where calcium and sodium transport are inversely related. Based on the identification of the relevant sodium transporters in these cells and on analysis of the mechanism of calcium transport, an explanation for this inverse relation can be developed. Apical membrane calcium entry is mediated by voltage-sensitive calcium channels that are activated upon membrane hyperpolarization. Basolateral calcium efflux is effected primarily by Na+/Ca2+ exchange. According to the model, inhibition of sodium entry through either the Na-Cl cotransporter or the Na+ channel hyperpolarizes the cell, as does parathyroid hormone, thereby activating the calcium entry channel and increasing the driving force for diffusional entry. Membrane hyperpolarization also increases the driving force of calcium efflux through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Thus sodium-dependent changes of calcium transport are indirect and occur secondarily through effects on membrane voltage.
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    AQUAPORIN-2 AND -3: Representatives of Two Subgroups of the Aquaporin Family Colocalized in the Kidney Collecting Duct (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 199-220 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Since the molecular identification of the first aquaporin in 1992, the number of proteins known to belong to this family has been rapidly increasing. These members may be separated into two subgroups based on gene structure, sequence homology, and function. Regulation of the water permeability of the collecting ducts of the kidney is essential for urinary concentration. Aquaporin-2 and -3, which are representative of these subgroups, are colocalized in the collecting ducts. Understanding these subgroups will elucidate the differences between aquaporin-2 and -3. Aquaporin-2 is a vasopressin-regulated water channel located in the apical membrane, and aquaporin-3 is a constitutive water channel located in the basolateral membrane. In contrast to aquaporin-3, which appears to be less well regulated, many studies have now identified multiple regulational mechanisms at the gene, protein, and cell levels for aquaporin-2, thus reflecting its physiological importance. Evidence of the participation of aquaporin-2 in the pathophysiology of water-balance disorders is accumulating.
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    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF PROSTAGLANDIN TRANSPORT (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 221-242 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Despite the fact that prostaglandins (PGs) have low intrinsic permeabilities across the plasma membrane, they must cross it twice: first upon release from the cytosol into the blood, and again upon cellular uptake prior to oxidation. Until recently, there were no cloned carriers that transported PGs. PGT is a broadly-expressed, 12-membrane-spanning domain integral membrane protein. When heterologously expressed in HeLa cells or Xenopus oocytes, it catalyzes the rapid, specific, and high-affinity uptake of PGE2, PGF2alpha, PGD2, 8-iso-PGF2alpha, and thromboxane B2. Functional studies indicate that PGT transports its substrate as the charged anion. The PGT substrate specificity and inhibitor profile match remarkably well with earlier in situ studies on the metabolic clearance of PGs by rat lung. Because PGT expression is especially high in this tissue, it is likely that PGT mediates the membrane step in PG clearance by the pulmonary circulation. Evidence is presented that PGT may play additional roles in other tissues and that there may be additional PG transporters yet to be identified molecularly.
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    ROLE OF CARDIAC NEURAL CREST CELLS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 267-286 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The discovery in the chick embryo that a specific region of the neural crest, termed the cardiac neural crest, is essential for septation of the cardiac outflow tract and for aortic arch artery development has led to the classification of a whole series of human cardiac defects as neural crest-associated. Recently, several mouse genetic models have been effectively employed to yield new insights into the relationship between cardiac neural crest and structural heart development. In all the animal models of neural crest-related heart defects, prenatal mortality is too high to be attributed to structural defects of the heart alone, and there are obvious signs of severe cardiac dysfunction. The evidence indicates that poor viability is from impaired cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and contractile function at the myocyte level. The continued study of experimental and genetically defined models with neural crest-associated heart defects will prove useful in identifying the common pathways by which the neural crest contributes to normal heart development.
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    MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 287-308 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent discoveries have led to a greater appreciation of the diverse mechanisms that underlie cardiac morphogenesis. Genetic strategies (primarily gene targeting approaches in mice) have significantly broadened research in cardiovascular developmental biology by illuminating new pathways involved in heart development and by allowing the genetic evaluation of pathways that have previously been implicated in these events. Advances have also been made using biochemical and cell- and tissue-based approaches. This review summarizes the author's interpretation of current trends in the effort to understand the molecular basis of cardiac development, with an emphasis on insights obtained from genetic models.
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    SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF AVIAN BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR: Current Views on Gonadal Hormone-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 407-429 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gonadal hormones are known to act during development to establish permanent sex differences in the anatomy and function of the vertebrate brain. They also act on the adult brain to activate reproductive behaviors. However, there are wide gaps in our understanding of how sexually dimorphic neural circuits translate into sex differences in behavior and other CNS functions. Moreover, not all sexually dimorphic properties of the adult brain can be attributed to known effects of gonadal hormones during development or adulthood, and factors other than gonadal steroids may contribute to these sex differences. This paper reviews sexual differentiation and the role of gonadal steroids and non-gonadal factors on sexually dimorphic development of the avian brain.
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    SEX IN THE 90s: SRY and the Switch to the Male Pathway (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 497-523 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract In mammals the male sex determination switch is controlled by a single gene on the Y chromosome, SRY. SRY encodes a protein with an HMG-like DNA-binding domain, which probably acts as a local organizer of chromatin structure. It is believed to regulate downstream genes in the sex determination cascade, although no direct targets of SRY are clearly known. More genes in the pathway have been isolated through mutation approaches in mouse and human. At least three genes, SRY itself, SOX9, and DAX1, are dosage sensitive, providing molecular evidence that the sex determination step operates at a critical threshold. SRY initiates development of a testis from the bipotential cells of the early gonad. The dimorphic male and female pathways present a rare opportunity to link a pivotal gene in development with morphogenetic mechanisms that operate to pattern an organ and the differentiation of its cells. Mechanisms of testis organogenesis triggered downstream of SRY include pathways of cell signaling controlling cell reorganization, cell proliferation, cell migration, and vascularization.
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    SPECIAL TOPIC: APOPOTOSIS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 525-532 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.525
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    THE LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR1 (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 461-496 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a member of the subfamily of glycoprotein hormone receptors within the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)/seven-transmembrane domain receptors. Over the past eight years, major advances have been made in determining the structure and function of the LHR and its gene. The hormone-binding domain has been localized to exons 1-7 in the extracellular (EC) domain/region of the receptor, which contains several leucine-rich repeats. High-affinity binding of LH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) causes secondary hormone or receptor contacts to be established with regions of the EC loop/transmembrane module that initiate signal transduction. Models of hormone-receptor interaction have been derived from the crystal structures of hCG and of the ribonuclease inhibitor, which also contains leucine-rich repeats. Such models provide a framework for the interpretation of mutational studies and for further experiments. The extracellular domain of the receptor has been overexpressed in vitro, which will facilitate crystallographic resolution of the structure of the receptor-binding site. The transmembrane domain/loop/cytoplasmic module transduces the signal for couplingto G proteins. Several constitutive, activating mutations that cause human disease have been found in helix VI and adjacent structures. These mutations have provided valuable information about mechanisms of signal transfer and G protein coupling. The structure of the LHR gene has been elucidated, and the regulation of its transcription is beginning to be understood. Valuable insights into receptor evolution have been derived from analysis of sequence homologies, the gene structure of glycoprotein hormone receptors and other members of the GPCR family, and the glycoprotein hormone receptor-like precursors identified in several invertebrate species.
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    PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITIES THAT MEDIATE APOPTOSIS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 533-573 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Since the discovery that cells can activate their own suicide program, investigators have attempted to determine whether the events that are associated with this form of cell death are genetically determined. The discovery that the ced-3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a cysteine protease essential for developmentally regulated apoptosis ignited interest in this area of research. As a result, we now know that cell death is specified by a number of genes and that this biologic process contributes significantly to development, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune disease. In this review I summarize what is currently known about signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, with particular emphasis on the function of the cysteine proteases known as caspases. However, there is also evidence that protease-independent cell death pathways exist. Is there a relationship between these two distinct mechanisms? If so, how do they communicate? Finally, even though the involvement of tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor family of receptors and cysteine proteases has been elegantly established as a component of many apoptotic signaling pathways, what happens downstream of these initial events? Why are only a selected group of cellular proteins-many nuclear-the targets of these proteases? Are nuclear events essential for apoptosis in vivo? Are the cellular genes that encode products involved in apoptotic signaling frequent targets of mutation/alteration during tumorigenesis? These are only a few questions that may be answered in the next ten years.
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    THE MANY ROLES OF c-Myc IN APOPTOSIS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 575-600 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The proto-oncogene c-myc encodes a transcription factor c-Myc, which is of great importance in controlling cell growth and vitality. The quantity of c-Myc is carefully controlled by many mechanisms, and its actions to induce and repress genes are modulated by interactions with other regulatory proteins. Understanding the kinetic and quantitative relationships that determine how and what genes c-Myc regulates is essential to understanding how Myc is involved in apoptosis. Reduction of c-myc expression and its inappropriate expression can be associated with cellular apoptosis. This review outlines the nature and regulation of the c-myc gene and of c-Myc and presents the systems and conditions in which Myc-related apoptotic events occur. Hypotheses of the mechanisms by which expression and repression of c-myc lead to apoptosis are discussed.
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    CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND APOPTOSIS1 (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 601-617 
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    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue homeostasis requires a balance between cell proliferation and death. Apoptosis and proliferation are linked by cell cycle regulators, and apoptotic stimuli affect both cell proliferation and death. Glucocorticoids induce G1 arrest and apoptosis in transformed lymphoid cells. Decreased expression of the cell cycle components c-myc and cyclin D3 is essential for glucocorticoid-induced growth arrest and death in dividing cells. Other G1 regulators, such as p53, pRb, and E2F, have also been implicated in apoptosis. Mice lacking either p53 or E2F display aberrant cell proliferation and tumor formation, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the elimination of abnormal cells through apoptosis. In contrast, pRb induces G1 arrest and suppresses apoptosis in cultured cells. Mice that lack pRb are nonviable and show ectopic mitosis and massive cell death, suggesting that pRb is an apoptotic suppressor. Further analysis of common components of apoptotic and cell cycle machinery may provide insight into the coordinated regulation of these antagonistic processes.
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    Clocking the First Americans (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 21-45 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000321
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    The Persistent Power of "Race" in the Cultural and Political Economy of Racism (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 47-74 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000403
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    Consumption and Commodities (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 141-161 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001041
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    Biological Changes in Human Populations with Agriculture (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 185-213 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001153
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    Kinship Studies in Late Twentieth-Century Anthropology (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 343-372 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002015
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    Tasmanian Archaeology: Establishing the Sequences (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995), S. 423-446 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002231
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    THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PHARMACEUTICALS: A Biographical Approach (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996), S. 153-178 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review discusses pharmaceuticals as social and cultural phenomena by following their "life cycle" from production, marketing, and prescription to distribution, purchasing, consumption, and finally their efficacy. Each phase has its own particular context, actors, and transactions and is characterized by different sets of values and ideas. The anthropology of pharmaceuticals is relevant to medical anthropology and health policy. It also touches the heart of general anthropology with its long-time interest in the concepts of culture vs nature, symbolization and social transformation, and its more recent concerns with the cultural construction of the body and processes of globalization and localization. The study of transactions and meanings of pharmaceuticals in diverse social settings provides a particularly appropriate empirical base for addressing these new theoretical issues.
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    SOME RECENT TRENDS IN GRAMMATICALIZATION (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996), S. 217-236 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Grammaticalization-the transformation of lexical items and phrases into grammatical forms-has been the focus of considerable study. Two chief directions can be identified. The first involves etymology and the taxonomy of possible changes in language, in which semantic and cognitive accounts of words and categories of words are considered to explain the changes. The second involves the discourse contexts within which grammaticalization occurs. Some researchers have questioned the standard idea of a stable synchronic a priori grammar in which linguistic structure is distinct from discourse, and have sought to replace this with the idea of "emergent grammar" in which repetitions of various kinds in discourse lead to perpetual structuration.
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    THE FOSSIL EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN EVOLUTION IN ASIA (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996), S. 275-301 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the number of fossil human specimens discovered in China. A better understanding of the tempo and mode of human evolution in Asia during the Pleistocene can be gained as a result. This new evidence has important implications for understanding the course of human evolution not only in Asia but throughout the world. Major issues in human evolutionary studies such as the timing of the initial hominid dispersal event and the factors behind major transitions in the fossil record are addressed in light of these recent finds.
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    LANGUAGE AND SPACE (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996), S. 353-382 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review describes some recent, unexpected findings concerning variation in spatial language across cultures, and places them in the context of the general anthropology of space on the one hand, and theories of spatial cognition in the cognitive sciences on the other. There has been much concern with the symbolism of space in anthropological writings, but little on concepts of space in practical activities. This neglect of everyday spatial notions may be due to unwitting ethnocentrism, the assumption in Western thinking generally that notions of space are universally of a single kind. Recent work shows that systems of spatial reckoning and description can in fact be quite divergent across cultures, linguistic differences correlating with distinct cognitive tendencies. This unexpected cultural variation raises interesting questions concerning the relation between cultural and linguistic concepts and the biological foundations of cognition. It argues for more sophisticated models relating culture and cognition than we currently have available.
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    THE CONSTRUCTION OF POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS IN US CITIES (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996), S. 411-435 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The review focuses on analyses of the creation of culture among poor populations in the United States whose lives have been structured by residing at the center of the global economy. Literature is examined concerning the changing construction of labor, space, time, and identity in the new poverty. Throughout, the review examines the generation of poverty and questions of gender, race, political mobilization, and resistance. This outline of current research provides a framework for an analysis of the violence and conflict generated by the lowering of wages and the reduction of leisure time.
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    RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 47-71 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effort to know and interact with an otherworld tends to demand highly marked uses of linguistic resources. In contrast to less marked speech situations, in religious contexts the sources of words, as well as the identity, agency, authority, and even the very presence of participants in an interaction, can be especially problematic. Different religious practices alter any of a variety of formal and pragmatic features of everyday language in response to their distinctive assumptions about the world, otherworlds, and the beings they contain. These practices are also mediated by speakers' assumptions about the nature and workings of language. Because such assumptions bear on the presumed nature of human and nonhuman subjects, religious debates often dwell on details of verbal and textual practice. The study of religious language touches on more general problems concerning relations among performance, text, and context. It also reveals chronic tensions between transcendence and the situated nature of practices, with implications for the nature of agency and belief.
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    LANGUAGE POLICIES AND LANGUAGE RIGHTS (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 73-85 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review is an overview of the newly developing field of language rights. It distinguishes between (a) historical/descriptive studies where language rights are treated as the resultant variable with no attempt to predict consequences, and (b) exhortatory and ideologically based studies in which language rights are considered a causal variable. An attempt at definitions follows, set within the field of language planning. Principal concerns, such as territoriality versus personality principles and individual versus collective rights, are discussed. The review ends with an argument to consider language rights as emic rights, which is to say culture-language-context-specific rights, rather than to consider linguistic human rights from a universal rights perspective which overstates issues and masks rights to as also being rights against. We need a careful exploration of the nature of language rights and their consequences.
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    THE ARTS OF GOVERNMENT IN EARLY MESOAMERICA (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 211-234 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review addresses issues of governmentality for Mesoamerica's earliest kingdoms. About 3200 years ago the Olmecs instituted stratified society based upon sacred kingship. Supervision of public works projects, the creation and deployment of monumental art, and control of ritual and ideology were the kings' principal means of governance within their kingdoms. Evidence for Olmec governance outside their region is equivocal. Olmecs may have conquered the societies of the Mazatan region, but they interacted with societies in the Mexican Highlands on a less coercive and more equitable basis.
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    ANTIEVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM IN THE UNITED STATES (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 263-289 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evolution is considered controversial by a substantial minority of Americans. Religious opposition explains this, but this opposition is comprised of a broad continuum of religious views. It runs from "young earth creationism" through "old earth creationism" (including "day-age," "gap," and "progressive creationism") to "theistic evolutionism." Historically, antievolutionists have attempted to ban evolution and to present it on an equal footing with "creation science." Scholars largely ignored antievolutionism until efforts to pass "equal time for creation and evolution" laws stimulated both political and scholarly activism. Lately, there are efforts to discourage the teaching of evolution by requiring teachers to read disclaimers before teaching it, to teach it as "theory, not fact," or to present fancied "evidence against evolution." Recently, "intelligent design theory," a restatement of William Paley's Argument from Design, has surfaced. Although rejected by scientists, intelligent design arguments and publications are appearing at the college level (in nonscience courses) as accurate representations of scientific scholarship.
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    WHAT MAKES THE HUMAN BRAIN DIFFERENT? (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 337-357 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Despite decades of research that has revolutionized the neurosciences, efforts to explain the major features of human brain evolution are still mostly based on superficial gross neuroanatomical features (e.g. size, sulcal patterns) and on theories of selection for high-level functions that lack precise neurobiological predictions (e.g. general intelligence, innate grammar). Beyond its large size we still lack an account of what makes a human brain different. However, advances in comparative neuroanatomy, developmental biology, and genetics have radically changed our understanding of brain development. These data challenge classic ideas about brain size, intelligence, and the addition of new functions, such as language, and they provide tools with which we can test hypotheses about how human brains diverge from other primate brains.
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    PROGRAMME TO PRACTICE: Gender and Feminism in Archaeology (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997), S. 411-437 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the past decade, archaeologists have given considerable attention to research on gender in the human past. In this review, we attempt to acknowledge much of this diverse and abundant work from an explicitly feminist perspective. We focus on reviewing a selection of approaches to gender that are anchored to specific theoretical standpoints. In addition, we highlight several approaches that challenge an archaeology of gender that does not explicitly engage with the implications of this topic for research, practice, and interpretation. From our perspective, we suggest the value of situating gender research within an explicitly feminist framework, and we draw attention to some of the important insights for archaeology from the wider field of feminist critiques of science. Last, we draw attention to the crucial implications for the practice of archaeology.
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    THE HUMAN ADAPTATION FOR CULTURE (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 28 (1999), S. 509-529 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human ontogeny at approximately 1 year of age, as infants begin to engage with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool-use practices, and other conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural learning allow human beings to, in effect, pool their cognitive resources both contemporaneously and over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal kingdom.
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    INTRODUCING OPTIMALITY THEORY (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 28 (1999), S. 531-552 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Optimality theory was introduced in the early 1990s as an alternative model of the organization of natural human language sound systems. This article provides an introduction to the model for the nonlinguist. The basic principles of optimality theory are introduced and explained (GEN, CON, and EVAL). Three important constraint families are explored (Faithfulness, Alignment, and Markedness). Illustrations are provided involving syllabification and vowel harmony in Tibetan and prosodic phonotactics in Tonkawa. The article closes with two general discussions. The first addresses recurring issues in phonological and linguistic analysis and sketches how optimality theory might account for these. The second points out how the explanations arrived at through optimality theory are providing new answers to familiar questions, as well as raising new questions for study.
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    EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 28 (1999), S. 553-575 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studying human behavior in the light of evolutionary theory involves studying the comparative evolutionary history of behaviors (phylogeny), the psychological machinery that generates them (mechanisms), and the adaptive value of that machinery in past reproductive competition (natural selection). To show the value of a phylogenetic perspective, I consider the ethology of emotional expression and the cladistics of primate social systems. For psychological mechanisms, I review evidence for a pan-human set of conceptual building blocks, including innate concepts of things, space, and time, of number, of logic, of natural history, and of "other minds" and social life, which can be combined to generate a vast array of culture-specific concepts. For natural selection, I discuss the sexual selection of sex differences and similarities, and the social selection of moral sentiments and group psychology.
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    AFRICA, EMPIRE, AND ANTHROPOLOGY: A Philological Exploration of Anthropology's Heart of Darkness (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 28 (1999), S. 577-598 
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    ISSN: 0084-6570
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
    Notes: Abstract As an artifact of imperial culture, Africanist anthropology is historically associated with the colonization of Africa in ways that undermine the subdiscipline's claims of neutrality and objectivity. A critical literature on the ideological and discursive inventions of Africa by the West challenges the very possibility of Africanist anthropology, to which a variety of responses have emerged. These range from historical reexaminations of imperial discourses, colonial interactions, and fieldwork in Africa, including dialogical engagements with the very production of ethnographic texts, to a more dialectical anthropology of colonial spectacle and culture as it was coproduced and reciprocally determined in imperial centers and peripheries. Understood philologically, as an imperial palimpsest in ethnographic writing, the colonial legacy in Africanist ethnography can never be negated, but must be acknowledged under the sign of its erasure.
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    Adaptive Strategies in Peasant Agricultural Production (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 9 (1980), S. 545-573 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.09.100180.002553
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    Nomadic Pastoralism (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 9 (1980), S. 15-61 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Rates of Biogeochemical Processes in Anoxic Sediments (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 11 (1983), S. 269-298 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Prehistoric Skeletal Record of Man in South Asia (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Anthropology 9 (1980), S. 391-432 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Biology
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    Theory of Hydrothermal Systems (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 155-177 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Phanerozoic Oolitic Ironstones--Geologic Record and Facies Model (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 10 (1982), S. 441-457 
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    Strain Accumulation in Western United States (1983)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 11 (1983), S. 11-41 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Tectonics of Venus (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 411-443 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Oceanic Intraplate Seismicity (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 11 (1983), S. 195-214 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Double-Diffusive Convection Due to Crystallization in Magmas (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 11-37 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Kimberlites: Complex Mantle Melts (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 133-153 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Thirteen Years of Deep-Sea Drilling (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 10 (1982), S. 109-128 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Rheological Properties of Magmas (1984)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 337-357 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Blancan-Hemphillian Land Mammal Ages and Late Cenozoic Mammal Dispersal Events (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 445-488 
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    Oceanography from Space (1984)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 61-82 
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    The Origin of Allochthonous Terranes: Perspectives on the Growth and Shaping of Continents (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 107-131 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Sedimentation in Large Lakes (1984)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 12 (1984), S. 179-204 
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    The Origin of Life in the Solar System: Current Issues (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23 (1995), S. 215-249 
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    Radar Investigation of Mars, Mercury, and Titan (1995)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23 (1995), S. 337-374 
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    CHEMICALLY REACTIVE FLUID FLOW DURING METAMORPHISM (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 255-287 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
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    Notes: Abstract Stable isotopic, mineralogical, and chemical alteration in metamorphic terranes is evidence for reactive fluid flow during metamorphism. In many cases, the amount and spatial distribution of the alteration can be quantitatively interpreted using transport theory in terms of fundamental properties of metamorphic flow systems such as time-integrated flux, flow direction, and Peclet number. Many estimates of time-integrated flux in the upper and middle crust are surprisingly large, 105-106 cm3 fluid/cm2 rock; estimates for the lower crust are much smaller. Rather than pervasive and uniform, reactive fluid flow in all metamorphic environments is channelized on scales of 〈1-104 m. Channelization results from heterogeneous permeability structures controlled by features such as lithologic layering, contacts, folds, fractures, and faults. Consequently flow may be in the direction of either decreasing or increasing temperature or isothermal. Site-specific thermal-hydrologic models of metamorphic terranes that explicitly consider chemical reactions and dynamic permeability structures will help resolve outstanding questions with regard to the driving forces and duration of flow, metamorphic permeability distributions, and how deformation controls fluid flow.
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    THE PLATE TECTONIC APPROXIMATION: Plate Nonrigidity, Diffuse Plate Boundaries, and Global Plate Reconstructions (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 615-642 
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    Notes: Abstract The central assumption of plate tectonics, that plate interiors are rigid, remains a useful but uncertain approximation. Strain rates of stable plate interiors are bounded between 10-12-10-11 year-1 and ~4 x 10-10 year-1. The narrowness of all plate boundaries, the other main assumption of plate tectonics as originally conceived, is contradicted by many observations, both in the continents and in the oceans. Some diffuse plate boundaries in both continents and oceans exceed dimensions of 1000 km on a side. Diffuse plate boundaries cover ~15% of Earth's surface. The maximum speed of relative plate motion across any one diffuse plate boundary ranges from ~2 to ~15 mm/year, which is faster than some upper bounds on intraplate motion across stable plate interiors (〈=2 mm year-1). Strain rates in diffuse plate boundaries can be as high as ~10-8 year-1, ~25 times higher than the upper bound on strain rates of stable plate interiors, but ~600 times lower than the lowest strain rates across typical narrow plate boundaries. The poles of rotation of the plates flanking a diffuse oceanic plate boundary tend to be located in the diffuse boundary, which is a consequence of the strong coupling across the boundary.
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    EARLY HISTORY OF ARTHROPOD AND VASCULAR PLANT ASSOCIATIONS1 (1998)
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    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 329-377 
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    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Although research on modern plant-arthropod associations is one of the cornerstones of biodiversity studies, very little of that interest has percolated down to the fossil record. Much of this neglect is attributable to dismissal of Paleozoic plant-arthropod interactions as being dominated by detritivory, with substantive herbivory not emerging until the Mesozoic. Recent examination of associations from some of the earliest terrestrial communities indicates that herbivory probably extends to the Early Devonian, in the form of spore feeding and piercing-and-sucking. External feeding on pinnule margins and the intimate and intricate association of galling are documented from the Middle and Late Pennsylvanian, respectively. During the Early Permian, the range of external foliage feeding extended to hole feeding and skeletonization and was characterized by the preferential targeting of certain seed plants. At the close of the Paleozoic, surface fluid feeding was established, but there is inconclusive evidence for mutualistic relationships between insect pollinivores and seed plants. These data are gleaned from the largely separate trace-fossil records of gut contents, coprolites, and plant damage and the body-fossil records of plant reproductive and vegetative structures, insect mouthparts, and ovipositors. While these discoveries accentuate the potential for identifying particular associations, the greatest theoretical demand is to establish the spectrum and level of intensity for the emergence of insect herbivory in a range of environments during the Pennsylvanian and Permian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.329
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    K-Ar AND 40Ar/39Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF WEATHERING PROCESSES (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 183-229 
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    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent developments in the application of K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of continental weathering process demonstrate the method's suitability for dating minerals present in weathering profiles. Alunite-group sulfates and hollandite-group manganese oxides, which often precipitate through weathering reactions, were first analyzed by the K-Ar method 30 years ago. Recently these minerals were shown to be suitable to 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, despite their fine-grained habits. The bulk nature of the K-Ar technique and the complex mineral assemblages in weathering profiles restrict K-Ar dating of weathering processes. The single-crystal approach possible with the 40Ar/39Ar method allows the study of weathering profiles where alunite- and hollandite-group minerals occur as minor phases. Step-heating analysis possible with the 40Ar/39Ar method provides information about the Ar and K retention histories, the presence of hypogene contaminants, and possible 39Ar recoil during sample irradiation. Fully automated, modern 40Ar/39Ar systems enable analysis of several samples, providing a comprehensive weathering database. These results are useful in the study of continental paleoclimates and the geochemical, geomorphological, and tectonic histories of an area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.183
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    LINKING THERMAL, HYDROLOGICAL, AND MECHANICAL PROCESSES IN FRACTURED ROCKS1 (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 359-384 
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    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, an overview is presented of coupled processes linking thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) effects in fractured rocks. A formulation is first presented to show the linkage mathematically, which can be used as a basis for numerical solutions and for further developments. Two simple examples of hydromechanical (HM) and thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled processes are discussed to convey physical insight into such couplings. Finally, three large-scale, long-term experiments currently under way are described. These are being conducted specifically to study coupled processes in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.359
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    STROMATOLITES IN PRECAMBRIAN CARBONATES: Evolutionary Mileposts or Environmental Dipsticks? (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 313-358 
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    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stromatolites are attached, lithified sedimentary growth structures, accretionary away from a point or limited surface of initiation. Though the accretion process is commonly regarded to result from the sediment trapping or precipitation-inducing activities of microbial mats, little evidence of this process is preserved in most Precambrian stromatolites. The successful study and interpretation of stromatolites requires a process-based approach, oriented toward deconvolving the replacement textures of ancient stromatolites. The effects of diagenetic recrystallization first must be accounted for, followed by analysis of lamination textures and deduction of possible accretion mechanisms. Accretion hypotheses can be tested using numerical simulations based on modern stromatolite growth processes. Application of this approach has shown that stromatolites were originally formed largely through in situ precipitation of laminae during Archean and older Proterozoic times, but that younger Proterozoic stromatolites grew largely through the accretion of carbonate sediments, most likely through the physical process of microbial trapping and binding. This trend most likely reflects long-term evolution of the earth's environment rather than microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.313
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    MAJOR PATTERNS IN THE HISTORY OF CARNIVOROUS MAMMALS (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 27 (1999), S. 463-493 
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    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The history of carnivorous mammals is characterized by a series of rise-and-fall patterns of diversification in which declining clades are replaced by phylogenetically distinct but functionally similar clades. Seven such examples from the last 46 million years are described for North America and Eurasia. In three of the seven turnover events, competition with replacement taxa may have driven the decline of formerly dominant taxa. In the remaining four this is less likely because inferred functional similarity was minimal during the interval of temporal overlap between clades. However, competition still may have been important in producing the rise-and-fall pattern through suppression of evolution within replacement taxa; as long as the large carnivore ecospace was filled, the radiation of new taxa into that ecospace was limited, only occurring after the extinction of the incumbents. The apparently inevitable decline of incumbent taxa may reflect the tendency for clades of large carnivorous mammals to produce more specialized species as they mature, leading to increased vulnerability to extinction when environments change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463
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    SATELLITE ALTIMETRY, THE MARINE GEOID, AND THE OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 219-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For technical reasons, the general circulation of the ocean has historically been treated as a steady, laminar flow field. The recent availability of extremely high-accuracy and high-precision satellite altimetry has provided a graphic demonstration that the ocean is actually a rapidly time-evolving turbulent flow field. To render the observations quantitatively useful for oceanographic purposes has required order of magnitude improvements in a number of fields, including orbit dynamics, gravity field estimation, and atmospheric variability. With five years of very high-quality data now available, the nature of oceanic variability on all space and time scales is emerging, including new findings about such diverse and important phenomena as mixing coefficients, the frequency/wavenumber spectrum, and turbulent cascades. Because the surface elevation is both a cause and consequence of motions deep within the water column, oceanographers soon will be able to provide general circulation numerical models tested against and then combined with the altimeter data. These will be complete three-dimensional time-evolving estimates of the ocean circulation, permitting greatly improved estimates of oceanic heat, carbon, and other property fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.219
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    FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 26 (1998), S. 519-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fission track analysis as a geological dating tool was first proposed in the early 1960s. The past 10 years has seen a major expansion in application to more general geological problems. This reflects advances in understanding the temperature dependence of fission track annealing and of the information contained in fission track length distributions. Fission track analysis provides detailed information on the low-temperature thermal histories of rocks, below ~120oC for tracks in apatite and below ~350oC for zircon. Fission track analysis has been applied to a variety of geological problems, including sedimentary provenance, thermal history modeling of sedimentary basins, structural evolution of orogenic belts, and long-term continental denudation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.519
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    Cratering Mechanics-Observational, Experimental, and Theoretical (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 65-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.000433
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    The Dynamics of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 169-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.001125
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    Affairs of the Sea (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.000245
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    Deformation of Mantle Rocks (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 119-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.001003
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    Geologic Pressure Determinations from Fluid Inclusion Studies (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 263-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.001403
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    Quaternary Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminifers and Bottom Water Masses (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 343-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.002015
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