ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: "Earthquakes and Animals places in front of the reader the simple laboratory evidence of the behavior of animals, plants and objects when they are subjected to intense electromagnetic pulses - of the kind created by rocks under stress before an earthquake. In many cases they behave in ways that have been recorded for centuries - and are still reported today - as earthquake-related." "Written for both the general public and scientists, Earthquakes and Animals demonstrates, using many experiments, that the old earthquake legends are probably rare natural phenomena. It also adds tantalisingly to the science of earthquake forecasting and cautiously suggests a legitimate new field of study - Electromagnetic Seismology."--BOOK JACKET

Description / Table of Contents: This handbook is for any educator teaching a topic that includes data analysis or computation in order to support learning. It is not just for educators teaching courses in engineering or science, but also data journalism, business and quantitative economics, data-based decision sciences and policy, quantitative health sciences, and digital humanities. It aims to provide an entry point, and a broad overview of Jupyter in education. Whether you are already using Jupyter to teach, you have found learning materials built on Jupyter that piqued your curiosity, or have never heard of Jupyter, the material in this open book can empower you to use this technology in your teaching. Project Jupyter is a broad collaboration that develops open-source tools for interactive and exploratory computing. The tools include: over 100 computer languages (with a focus on Python), the Jupyter Notebook, JupyterHub, and an ecosystem of extensions contributed by a large community. The Jupyter Notebook has exploded in popularity since late 2014, fueled by its adoption as the favorite environment for doing data science. It has also grown as a platform to use in the classroom, to develop teaching materials, to share lessons and tutorials, and to create computational stories. Notebooks are documents containing text narratives with images and math, combined with executable code (many languages are supported) and the output of that code. This marriage of content and code makes for a powerful new form of data-based communication. Educators everywhere are adopting Jupyter for teaching. Educators newly adopting Jupyter can be overwhelmed by having to navigate the ecosystem of tools and content. They could study many examples, or consume a myriad of blog posts and videos of talks to distill the patterns of good practices and technical solutions to serve their students best. Several early adopters, having much experience to share, decided to begin collecting this know-how, and share open documentation about using Jupyter for teaching and learning. The result is this open book: a living document that captures the experiences of community members using Jupyter in education. The Jupyter Community Workshop in Washington, DC (November 2018) began that process, with a book sprint aimed at producing the first version of this handbook. The collaboratively written book consolidates explanations and examples covering key topics, including: what is Jupyter, how to try Jupyter, sharing notebooks with students, locally installing Jupyter, cloud offerings, finding example notebooks, writing lessons in Jupyter, making collections for a course, exporting to other formats with nbconvert, writing textbooks with Jupyter, using Binder and JupyterHub, making assignments and auto-grading, making online courses, teaching with Jupyter in the classroom, active learning and flipped learning pedagogies with Jupyter, and guiding learners to create their own content in Jupyter. This open handbook will grow to encompass all you need to know about Jupyter in teaching and learning.

Description / Table of Contents: 'The Diversity Scorecard' is designed to provide step-by-step instructions, worksheets and examples to help diversity executives and managers analyze and track the impact of their diversity initiatives to mobilize the organization for strategic culture change. Diversity is not a program; it is a systemic process of organizational change that requires measurement for organizational improvement and success. Measuring the progress and results of diversity initiatives is a key strategic requirement to demonstrate its contribution to organizational performance. Diversity executives, professionals and managers know they must begin to show how diversity is linked to the bottom-line in hard numbers or they will have difficulty maintaining funds, gaining support, and obtaining resources to generate progress. Many organizations collect some type of diversity-related data today, even if it focuses only on Affirmative Action statistics. "The Diversity Scorecard" focuses on tools and techniques to make sure diversity professionals are collecting and measuring the right type of data that will help ensure the organization"s success both now and in the future. This book helps the reader spend some time thinking about what they currently measure and adding new measures to a database to track progress towards their diversity vision. The basic premises of this book are that it is important to develop measures that focus on the past, present, and future; and that measures need to consider the needs of the organization"s diverse workforce, its work climate, diverse customers, the community, and shareholders. Part I of "The Diversity Scorecard" identifies the need for diversity measurement highlighting a business case for diversity and providing an introduction to diversity measurement. Part II of the book outlines the diversity return on investment (DROI) process taking you through step-by-step processes and techniques. Part III teaches you how to use measures in six key categories - Diversity Leadership Commitment, Workforce Profile Representation, Workplace Climate, Learning & Growth, Diverse Customer / Community Partnerships, and Financial Impact - to build a diversity scorecard that is aligned and linked with the business strategy of the organization. Finally, in Part IV, Dr. Hubbard discusses implementation issues involving strategic change procedures and techniques to avoid the pitfalls inherent in a diversity-based cultural transition process.

Description / Table of Contents: MARINE CARBON CYCLE --- Global Scale --- Characterization of Ocean Productivity Using a New Physical-Biological Coupled Ocean Model / K. Nakata, T. Doi, K. Taguchi and S. Aoki / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 1-44 --- Natural Radiocarbon Distribution in the Deep Ocean / K. Matsumoto and R. M. Key / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 45-58 --- Equatorial Region --- Variability of Surface Layer CO2 Parameters in the Western and Central Equatorial Pacific / M. Ishii, S. Saito, T. Tokieda, T. Kawano, K. Matsumoto and H. Y. Inoue / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 59-94 --- Settling Particles Flux in Response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Equatorial Pacific / H. Kawahata and L. P. Gupta / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 95-108 --- Particulate Amino Acids and Biogeochemical Processes in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1999-2001 La Niña Event / L. P. Gupta and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 109-120 --- Floral Response of Coccolithophores to Progressive Oligotrophication in the South Equatorial Current, Pacific Ocean / K. Hagino and H. Okada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 121-132 --- Coccolith Carbonate Fluxes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean / Y. Tanaka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 133-146 --- Western Pacfic --- Artificial Radionuclides in the Western North Pacific: A Review / G. H. Hong, M. Baskaran and P. P. Povinec / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 147-172 --- Material Transport Processes on the Continental Margin in the East China Sea / M. Yamada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 173-187 --- Cadmium Distribution in the Western Pacific / K. Abe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 189-203 --- Ocean Environments in Response to Climatic Change --- Climate Reconstructions from Annually Banded Corals / T. Felis and J. Pätzold / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 205-227 --- Reef Water CO2 System and Carbon Production of Coral Reefs: Topographic Control of System-Level Performance / A. Suzuki and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 229-248 --- Chemistry of Benthic Foraminiferal Shells for Recording Ocean Environments: Cd/Ca, d13C and Mg/Ca / K. Tachikawa and H. Elderfield / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 249-263 --- Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Behaved as a Driver of Centennial- to Orbital-Scale Climate Changes? / M. Yamamoto / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 265-278 --- Long Term Variations of Uranium Isotopes and Radiocarbon in the Surface Seawater Recorded in Corals / Y. Yokoyama and T. M. Esat / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 279-309 --- TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE --- A Multi-Scale Analysis of a National Terrestrial Carbon Budget and the Effects of Land-Use Change / C. M. Trotter, K. R. Tate, S. Saggar, N. A. Scott and M. A. Sutherland / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 311-341 --- Global Mapping of Terrestrial Primary Productivity and Light-Use Efficiency with a Process-Based Model / A. Ito and T. Oikawa / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 343-358 --- Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in a Savanna Landscape: Field and Modeling Perspectives / S. Archer, T. W. Boutton and C. R. McMurtry / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 359-373 --- Estimating Dynamics of CO2 Flux in Agro-Ecosystems based on Synergy of Remote Sensing and Process Modeling-A Methodological Study / Y. Inoue and A. Olioso / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 375-390 --- Changes in Productivity of East and South Asian Countries in the 21st Century: Regional Trends According to Climate Change / K. Okamoto, M. Yokozawa and H. Kawashima / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 391-399 --- A Preliminary Study on the Carbon Dynamics of China's Forest Ecosystems in the Past 20 Years / P. Gong, J. Chen and M. Xu / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 401-410 --- Retrieval of Forest Fire History in Far East Asia by Remote Sensing and Its Analysis with Biomass Burning Simulation and Climate Anomalies / J. Kuçera and Y. Yasuoka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 411-424 --- Potential of Woody Carbon Stock Estimation Using High Spatial Resolution Imagery: A Case Study of Spruce Stands / Y. Awaya, S. Tsuyuki, E. Kodani and G. Takao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 425-440 --- Multi-Temporal MODIS Data Product for Carbon Cycles Research / Z. Dafang, L. Ronggao and S. Runhe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 441-451 --- Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mixed Deciduous-Broadleaf Forests from Leaf to Stand / T. Koike, S. Kitaoka, T. Ichie, T. T. Lei and M. Kitao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 453-472 --- Effect of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment on Structures of Weed Communities and CO2 Exchange at the Flood-Water Surface in a Rice Paddy Field / H. Koizumi, T. Kibe, T. Nakadai, Y. Yazaki, M. Adachi, M. Inatomi, M. Kondo and T. Ohtsuka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 473-485

Description / Table of Contents: Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge zur 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, die 2004 das vierte Mal in Göttingen tagte. Das Tagungsthema »Geobiologie« weist zum einen auf die Schlüsselstellung paläontologischer Forschungen in der Geo- und Biosphäre hin wie auch auf die enge Verfl echtung zwischen den einzelnen Disziplinen der Geo- und Biowissenschaften. Die »Geobiologie« als richtungsweisende und moderne Disziplin erfordert die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit vieler Fachrichtungen. Die Tagungsbeiträge vermitteln einen Eindruck vom breitgefächerten Wesen sowie den Aufgaben geobiologischer und paläontologischer Forschung und Wissensvermittlung.

Description / Table of Contents: The wide distribution of dolomite rocks in North American, Middle- and Far-Eastern hydrocarbon reservoirs is reason enough for their intensive study. In this volume dolomite enthusiasts review progress and define the current boundaries of dolomite research, related particularly to the importance of these rocks as reservoirs. As might be expected, reviews provide critical analyses of past ideas on origins and why many are no longer tenable. Discussions range between conceptual models and numerical simulations of the flow paths of dolomitizing fluids, geochemical modelling, and microbial mediation. Case studies from areas as diverse as North America, the Middle East, SE Asia and Australia provide a solid background but illustrate important differences in views on the origins of these enigmatic rocks.

Description / Table of Contents: This book gives an up-to-date overview of the physical geology of sub-volcanic intrusions. Topics covered in this wide-ranging volume include important aspects of the field geology and physical volcanology of sills, laccoliths and sub-volcanic complexes, magma-sediment interaction and numerical and experimental studies aimed at quantifying more precisely the emplacement mechanics of high-level magmatic intrusions. Provocative papers ask whether laccoliths and high-level sills are forming today, and question the nature of the relationship between high-level intrusions and contemporaneous volcanic activity. Several contributions also deal with the more applied aspects of high-level magma emplacement and 3D seismic imaging of sill and laccolith complexes as relevant to the hydrocarbons industry. It is hoped that with the publication of this volume a consensus will emerge that will help to advance our understanding of the more important physical factors governing the emplacement of high-level intrusions in the continental crust, along with their wider geotectonic implications.

Description / Table of Contents: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main compound identified as affecting the stability of the Earth's climate. A significant reduction in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is a key mechanism for mitigating climate change. Geological storage of CO 2, or the injection and long-term stabilization of large volumes of CO 2 in the subsurface in saline aquifers, in existing hydrocarbon reservoirs or in unmineable coal seams, is one of the more technologically advanced options available. A number of studies have been carried out and are reported here. They are aimed at understanding the safety, physical and chemical behaviour and long-term fate of CO 2 when stored in geological formations. Until efficient, alternative energy options can be developed, geological storage of CO 2, the subject of this volume, provides a mechanism to reduce carbon emissions significantly whilst continuing to meet the global demand for energy.

Description / Table of Contents: Forensic geoscience is an increasingly important sub-discipline within geoscience and forensic science. Although minerals, soils, dusts and rock fragments have been used as only begun to be recognized in the last ten years or so. The police and other investigative bodies are keen to encourage such developments in the fight against crime, particularly since many criminals show a high level of forensic awareness with regard to evidence such as fingerprints, blood and other body fluids. The papers in this volume illustrate some of the main principles, techniques and applications in current forensic geoscience, covering research and casework in the UK and internationally. The techniques described range from macro-scale field geophysical investigations to micro-scale laboratory studies of the chemical and textural properties of individual particles. In addition to forensic applications, many of these techniques have broad utility in geological, geomorphological, soil science and archaeological research.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a state of the art look at our understanding of joint development in the crust. Answers are provided for such questions as the mechanisms by which joints are initiated, the factors controlling the path they follow during the propagation process, and the processes responsible for the arrest of joints. Many of the answers to these questions can be inferred from the geometry of joint surface morphology and joint patterns. Joints are a record of the orientation of stress at the time of propagation and as such they are also useful records of ancient stress fields, regional and local. Because outcrop and subsurface views of joints are limited, statistical techniques are required to characterize joints and joint sets. Finally, joints are subject to post-propagation stresses that further localize deformation and are the focus for the development of new structures.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume explores geological boundaries in time and space using palynology and micropalaeontology. Boundaries produce distinct signatures in the micropalaeontological record. Diffuse or sharp, gradual or abrupt, boundaries can tell us much about the response of biotic systems to environmental change in both marine and terrestrial realms. Different microfossil groups and geological contexts require their own approaches, definitions and considerations of boundaries. The papers in this compilation capture the current range of thinking on the methodology of boundary identification from biostratigraphical, ecological and palaeoenvironmental perspectives. Contributions span the Cambrian to Miocene and feature many fossil groups (including pollen, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, ostracodes, conodonts, and diatoms). With a strong Canadian and North American focus, the volume also includes contributions from Poland, Egypt, Belgium, Argentina and the United Kingdom.

Description / Table of Contents: The Cretaceous submarine Ontong Java Plateau, in the western Pacific Ocean, is the most volumnous of the world's large igneous provinces(LIPs), and represents the largest known magmatic event on Earth. LIPs are the products of basaltic volcanism on a scale and at an effusion rate not seen on Earth at the present time, and their formation may have had significant effects on the Earth's climate and biosphere. The currently favoured explanation for LIP formation is the rapid decompression and melting of anomalously hot mantle in the heads of newly ascended mantle plumes. This volume summarizes the results of research aimed principally at testing the plume-head hypothesis for the formation of the Ontong Java Plateau, and presents the results of integrated studies following recent basement drilling on the plateau by the Ocean Drilling Program Nineteen papers cover topics as diverse as petrology, geochemistry, tectonics, volcanology, paleomagnatism and biostratigraphy.

Description / Table of Contents: Recent advancements in the understanding of mountain belts have focused on vertical coupling of the lithospheric layers. This volume describes the extent to which observed or inferred sub-horizontal coupling or attachment zones provide vertical kinematic linkage between rheologically distinct layers in the continental lithosphere. A common theme is whether the deformation, which partitioned differently in each layer, is linked kinematically across attachment zones and driven by flow in the deeper crust and mantle lithosphere. The papers are divided into six sections. The first analyses the extent to which mantle flow controls deformation of the overlying layers. The Vertical axis block rotations section uses geological and palaeomagnetic data to constrain the role and magnitude of basal shear across mid-crustal attachment zones. The Lower crustal flow and topography section addresses the time-dependent development of orogenic plateaux and their role in the orogenic cycle. Multiple examples of the spatial and temporal development of lithospheric coupling are given in both the Orogenic examples and Subduction examples sections. Finally, rheological constraints of vertical coupling in the lithosphere are investigated.

Description / Table of Contents: Faults and their deeper level equivalents, shear zones, are localized regions of intense deformation within the Earth. They are recognized at all scales from micro to plate boundary, and are important examples of the nature of heterogeneous deformation in natural rocks. Faults and shear zones are significant as they profoundly influence the location, architecture and evolution of a broad range of geological phenomenao The topography and bathymetry of the Earth’s surface is marked by mountain belts and sedimentary basins that are controlled by faults and shear zoneso In addition, faults and shear zones control fluid migration and transport including hydrothermal and hydrocarbon systems. Once faults and shear zones are established, they are often long-lived features prone to multiple reactivation over very large time-scales. This collection of papers addresses lithospheric deformation and the rheology of shear zones, together with processes of partitioning and the unravelling of fault and shear zone histories.

Description / Table of Contents: This chapter provides preface of the book Infinite Words: Automata, Semigroups, Logic and Games (Pure and Applied Mathematics). The theory of automata arose as an interdisciplinary field, with roots in several scientific domains, including pure mathematics, electronics, and computer science. This diversity is reflected in the material presented in this book, which covers topics related to computer science, algebra, logic, topology, and game theory. This book presents a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of this theory. It gathers for the first time basic results with advanced ones. Although several surveys have appeared on infinite words, this book is the first manual devoted to the topic.

Description / Table of Contents: The updated Handbook is an essential reference for researchers and students in applied mathematics, engineering, and physics. It provides quick access to important formulas, relations, and methods from algebra, trigonometric and exponential functions, combinatorics, probability, matrix theory, calculus and vector calculus, ordinary and partial differential equations, Fourier series, orthogonal polynomials, and Laplace transforms. Many of the entries are based upon the updated sixth edition of Gradshteyn and Ryzhiks Table of Integrals, Series, and Products and other important reference works.

Description / Table of Contents: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Wolfgang Spyra Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany The demilitarization and conversion of military properties wor- wide has been a topic of growing importance since the end of the Cold War. The slowing of the arms race brought on by weapons treaties and relaxed tensions between NATO and Warsaw Pact nations caused sto- piles of conventional weapons to become superfluous. The need to process and dispose of such weapons began more quickly in NATO countries. This demilitarization process began shortly after the reunification of Germany and was largely completed by the mid to late 1990’s. The remaining process, no small task in itself, of converting lands formerly used by the military into safe and environmentally acceptable landscapes may continue for decades to come. Due to a lack of resources and technology, the process of demilitarization in the former Warsaw Pact countries has launched more slowly. In 2002 both Georgia and Moldova finished projects which destroyed their stocks of liquid ballistic missile components. Both these projects were carried out through the cooperative support of trans-national organizations, private contractors, and research institutions. The Republic of Azerbaijan now finds itself at the beginning of its demilitarization process. Stored at the country’s military depots are over 2000 tons of missile fuels, oxidizer, and chemical additives. This hazardous waste is kept in tanks intended only for temporary transport and storage.

Description / Table of Contents: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.

Description / Table of Contents: District heating can make a substantial contribution to a sustainable energy future in Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is a critical energy source for countries in transition, covering 60 percent of heating and hot water needs. These systems can save energy and boost energy security, but a stronger policy framework is needed to encourage wise management and investment. With such a framework, district heating systems in former Socialist countries could save the equivalent of 80 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year through generation improvements alone. This is roughly the annual natural gas consumption in Germany. Reforming district heating is also essential for social reasons in cold countries in transition. District heating companies need to become more customer-oriented. Policy makers can help propel them in this direction either through new market mechanisms or an improved regulatory framework. Coming in from the Cold: Improving District Heating Policy in Transition Economies provides policymakers with a guide to key district heating issues. Countries need a clear policy on district heating, given the significant economic, social and environmental implications of this sector. This is true for IEA member and non-member countries alike if they are to improve their heat supply.

Description / Table of Contents: With the publication of the present volume, the Handbook of the History of Logic turns its attention to the rise of modern logic. The period covered is 1685-1900, with this volume carving out the territory from Leibniz to Frege. What is striking about this period is the earliness and persistence of what could be called 'the mathematical turn in logic'. Virtually every working logician is aware that, after a centuries-long run, the logic that originated in antiquity came to be displaced by a new approach with a dominantly mathematical character. It is, however, a substantial error to suppose that the mathematization of logic was, in all essentials, Frege's accomplishment or, if not his alone, a development ensuing from the second half of the nineteenth century. The mathematical turn in logic, although given considerable torque by events of the nineteenth century, can with assurance be dated from the final quarter of the seventeenth century in the impressively prescient work of Leibniz. It is true that, in the three hundred year run-up to the Begriffsschrift, one does not see a smoothly continuous evolution of the mathematical turn, but the idea that logic is mathematics, albeit perhaps only the most general part of mathematics, is one that attracted some degree of support throughout the entire period in question. Still, as Alfred North Whitehead once noted, the relationship between mathematics and symbolic logic has been an "uneasy" one, as is the present-day association of mathematics with computing. Some of this unease has a philosophical texture. For example, those who equate mathematics and logic sometimes disagree about the directionality of the purported identity. Frege and Russell made themselves famous by insisting (though for different reasons) that logic was the senior partner. Indeed logicism is the view that mathematics can be re-expressed without relevant loss in a suitably framed symbolic logic. But for a number of thinkers who took an algebraic approach to logic, the dependency relation was reversed, with mathematics in some form emerging as the senior partner. This was the precursor of the modern view that, in its four main precincts (set theory, proof theory, model theory and recursion theory), logic is indeed a branch of pure mathematics. It would be a mistake to leave the impression that the mathematization of logic (or the logicization of mathematics) was the sole concern of the history of logic between 1665 and 1900. There are, in this long interval, aspects of the modern unfolding of logic that bear no stamp of the imperial designs of mathematicians, as the chapters on Kant and Hegcl make clear. Of the two, Hcgel's influence on logic is arguably the greater, serving as a spur to the unfolding of an idealist tradition in logic - a development that will be covered in a further volume, British Logic in the Nineteenth Century. Contents: Preface (D.M. Gabbay, J. Woods). List of Contributors. Leibniz's Logic (W. Lenzen). Kant: From General to Transcendental Logic (M. Tiles). Hegel's Logic (J.W. Burbidge). Bolzano as Logician (P. Rusnock, R. George). Husserl's Logic (R. Tieszen). Algebraical Logic 1685-1900 (T. Hailperin). The Algebra of Logic (V.S. Valencia). The Mathematical Turn in Logic (I. Grattan-Guinness). Schroder's Logic (V. Peckhaus). Peirce's Logic (R. Hilpinen). Frege's Logic (P. Sullivan). Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic marks the initial appearance of the multi-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. Additional volumes will be published when ready, rather than in strict chronological order. Soon to appear are The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege. Also in preparation are Logic From Russell to Godel, The Emergence of Classical Logic, Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century, and The Many-Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic. Further volumes will follow, including Mediaeval and Renaissance Logic and Logic: A History of its Central. In designing the Handbook of the History of Logic, the Editors have taken the view that the history of logic holds more than an antiquarian interest, and that a knowledge of logic's rich and sophisticated development is, in various respects, relevant to the research programmes of the present day. Ancient logic is no exception. The present volume attests to the distant origins of some of modern logic's most important features, such as can be found in the claim by the authors of the chapter on Aristotle's early logic that, from its infancy, the theory of the syllogism is an example of an intuitionistic, non-monotonic, relevantly paraconsistent logic. Similarly, in addition to its comparative earliness, what is striking about the best of the Megarian and Stoic traditions is their sophistication and originality. Logic is an indispensably important pivot of the Western intellectual tradition. But, as the chapters on Indian and Arabic logic make clear, logic's parentage extends more widely than any direct line from the Greek city states. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that for centuries logic has been an unfetteredly international enterprise, whose research programmes reach to every corner of the learned world. Like its companion volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic is the result of a design that gives to its distinguished authors as much space as would be needed to produce highly authoritative chapters, rich in detail and interpretative reach. The aim of the Editors is to have placed before the relevant intellectual communities a research tool of indispensable value. Together with the other volumes, Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic, will be essential reading for everyone with a curiosity about logic's long development, especially researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic in all its forms, argumentation theory, AI and computer science, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, forensics, philosophy and the history of philosophy, and the history of ideas. Contents: Preface (D.M. Gabbay, J. Woods). List of Contributors. Logic before Aristotle: Development or Birth? (J. Moravcsik). Aristotle's Early Logic (J. Woods, A. Irvine). Aristotle's Underlying Logic (G. Boger). Aristotle's Modal Syllogisms (F. Johnson). Indian Logic (J. Ganeri). The Megarians and the Stoics (R. R. O'Toole, R. E. Jennings). Arabic Logic (T. Street). The Translation of Arabic Works on Logic into Latin in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (C. Burnett). Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Geological prior information represents a new and emerging field within the geosciences. Prior information is the term used to describe previously existing knowledge that can be brought to bear on a new problem. This volume describes a range of methods that can be used to find solutions to practical and theoretical problems using geological prior information, and the nature of geological information that can be so employed. As such, this volume defines how geology can be influential far beyond the confines of its own definition.

Description / Table of Contents: Fabric is a ubiquitous and significant feature of geological materials. The processes involved in the formation and deformation of rocks and sediments leave their mark on the orientations of the constituent mineral grains. Petrofabrics thus provide essential keys to understanding the history of geological materials. Magnetic anisotropy is directly related to petrofabric, and has become one of the most rapid, sensitive and widely used tools for its characterization. The relationship between magnetic fabric and petrofabric is complex and depends on various factors including the composition, concentration and grain size of mineral grains. Ongoing research in geological applications is paralleled by studies of the fundamental mineral magnetic phenomena involved. The papers in this book represent the current state of investigations in magnetic anisotropy studies as a discipline that integrates geological interpretations, mineral fabric development, technical advances and rock-magnetic properties.

Description / Table of Contents: Reservoir geochemistry can throw light on the origin of petroleum reservoir fluidheterogeneities at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. This information can be usedto understand the formation and performance of petroleum accumulations, and is avaluable tool for exploration, development and productionstrategies. Key topics covered in this book include: analyticalmethods for the determination of fluid compositionalheterogeneity; physical, chemical and numerical models forinterpreting compositional differences in terms of basin historyand reservoir connectivity; and application case studies. There is now a significant potential for a new wave ofdevelopment focused on component concentrations and amore evolutionary chemical model of reservoired petroleum.When coupled with integrative utilitarian reservoir charge/mixing/production numericalmodels, reservoir geochemistry can provide one of the most significant advances inexploration and production during the 21st century.

Description / Table of Contents: Duncan McIlroy: The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.01 --- Duncan McIlroy: Some ichnological concepts, methodologies, applications and frontiers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:3-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.02 --- S. George Pemberton, James A. MacEachern, and Tom Saunders: Stratigraphic applications of substrate-specific ichnofacies: delineating discontinuities in the rock record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:29-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.03 --- Ingrid Glaub: Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:63-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.04 --- Roland Goldring, Gerhard C. Cadée, Assunta D’Alessandro, Jordi M. De Gibert, Richard Jenkins, and John E. Pollard: Climatic control of trace fossil distribution in the marine realm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:77-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.05 --- Phillip L. Manning: A new approach to the analysis and interpretation of tracks: examples from the dinosauria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:93-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.06 --- Alfred Uchman: Phanerozoic history of deep-sea trace fossils / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.07 --- Kate D. Martin: A re-evaluation of the relationship between trace fossils and dysoxia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:141-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.08 --- M. Gabriela Mángano and Luis A. Buatois: Ichnology of Carboniferous tide-influenced environments and tidal flat variability in the North American Midcontinent / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:157-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.09 --- Kerrie L. Bann, Christopher R. Fielding, James A. MacEachern, and Stuart C. Tye: Differentiation of estuarine and offshore marine deposits using integrated ichnology and sedimentology: Permian Pebbley Beach Formation, Sydney Basin, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:179-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.10 --- Christopher T. Baldwin, P. K. Strother, J. H. Beck, and Eben Rose: Palaeoecology of the Bright Angel Shale in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, incorporating sedimentological, ichnological and palynological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:213-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.11 --- Duncan McIlroy: Ichnofabrics and sedimentary facies of a tide-dominated delta: Jurassic Ile Formation of Kristin Field, Haltenbanken, Offshore Mid-Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:237-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.12 --- Kerrie L. Bann and Christopher R. Fielding: An integrated ichnological and sedimentological comparison of non-deltaic shoreface and subaqueous delta deposits in Permian reservoir units of Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:273-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.13 --- Luis A. Buatois and M. Gabriela Mángano: Animal-substrate interactions in freshwater environments: applications of ichnology in facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis of fluvio-lacustrine successions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:311-333, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.14 --- Richardo N. Melchor: Trace fossil distribution in lacustrine deltas: examples from the Triassic rift lakes of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión basin, Argentina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:335-354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.15 --- Jorge F. Genise, E. S. Bellosi, and M. G. Gonzalez: An approach to the description and interpretation of ichnofabrics in palaeosols / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:355-382, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.16 --- Mary L. Droser, Søren Jensen, and James G. Gehlîng: Development of early Palaeozoic ichnofabrics: evidence from shallow marine siliciclastics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:383-396, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.17 --- Richard J. Twitchett and Colin G. Barras: Trace fossils in the aftermath of mass extinction events / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:397-418, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.18 --- Jorge F. Genise: Ichnotaxonomy and ichnostratigraphy of chambered trace fossils in palaeosols attributed to coleopterans, ants and termites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:419-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.19 --- Richard G. Bromley: A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:455-479, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / John Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, vi, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.01 --- 200 years of British hydrogeology — an introduction and overview / J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 1-13, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.02 --- The water-related work of William Smith (1769–1839) / H. S. Torrens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 15-30, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.03 --- Dr John Snow and an early investigation of groundwater contamination / Michael Price / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 31-49, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.04 --- William Whitaker (1836–1925) — geologist, bibliographer and a pioneer of British hydrogeology / William H. George / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 51-65, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.05 --- Joseph Lucas (1846–1926) — Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology / J. D. Mather, H. S. Torrens and K. J. Lucas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 67-88, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.06 --- 19th century studies of the hydrogeology of the Permo-Triassic Sandstones of the northern Cheshire Basin, England / John H. Tellam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 89-105, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.07 --- Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) — the first groundwater engineer / M. Preene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 107-119, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.08 --- ‘Making water’: the hydrogeological adventures of Britain’s early mining engineers / Paul L. Younger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 121-157, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.09 --- The contribution of geologists to the development of emergency groundwater supplies by the British army / Edward P. F. Rose / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 159-182, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.10 --- Groundwater versus surface water in Scotland and Ireland — the formative years / N. S. Robins, J. R. P. Bennett and K. T. Cullen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 183-191, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.11 --- Bath thermal waters: 400 years in the history of geochemistry and hydrogeology / W. Mike Edmunds / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 193-199, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.12 --- Chalybeate springs at Tunbridge Wells: site of a 17th-century new town / J. G. C. M. Fuller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 201-212, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.13 --- The Scottish hydropathic establishments and their use of groundwater / Iain Spence and Nick Robins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 213-217, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.14 --- British hydrogeologists in North Africa and the Middle East: an historical perspective / J. W. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 219-227, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.15 --- British hydrogeologists in West Africa — an historical evaluation of their role and contribution / Robin Hazell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 229-237, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.16 --- British attempts to develop groundwater and water supply on Gibraltar 1800–1985 / Edward P.F. Rose, John D. Mather and Manuel Perez / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 239-262, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.17 --- The first use of geophysics in borehole siting in hardrock areas of Africa / Ron Barker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 263-269, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.18 --- The development of groundwater in the UK between 1935 and 1965 — the role of the Geological Survey of Great Britain / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 271-282, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.19 --- Jack Ineson (1917–1970) The instigator of quantitative hydrogeology in Britain / R. A. Downing and D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 283-286, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.20 --- Stevenson Buchan (1907–1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator / D. A. Gray and J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 287-293, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.21 --- Groundwater studies in the Institute of Geological Sciences between 1965 and 1977 / D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 295-318, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.22 --- Norman Savage Boulton (1899–1984): civil engineer and groundwater hydrologist / R. A. Downing, W. Eastwood and K. R. Rushton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 319-322, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.23 --- Groundwater in a national water strategy, 1964–1979 / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 323-338, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.24 --- Recollections of a golden age: the groundwater schemes of Southern Water 1970–1990 / H. G. Headworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 339-362, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.25 --- Developments in UK hydrogeology since 1974 / F. C. Brassington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 363-385, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: Our understanding of rock forming geological processes and thereby of geodynamic processes depends largely on a sound basis of knowledge of minerals. Due to the application of new analytical techniques, the number of newly discovered minerals increases steadily, and what used to be a simple mineral may have turned into a complex group. A continuous update is necessary, and the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry series excellently fulfills this requirement. The epidote minerals have not yet been covered and we felt that this gap should be filled. The epidote mineral group consists of important rock-forming minerals such as clinozoisite and epidote, geochemical important accessory minerals such as allanite, and minerals typical for rare bulk compositions such as hancockite. Zoisite, the orthorhombic polymorph of clinozoisite, is included here because of its strong structural and paragenetic similarity to the epidote minerals. Epidote minerals occur in a wide variety of rocks, from near-surface conditions up to high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks and as liquidus phases in magmatic systems. They can be regarded as the low-temperature and high-pressure equivalent of Ca-rich plagioclase, and thus are equally important as this feldspar for petrogenetic purposes. In addition, they belong to the most important Fe3+ bearing minerals, and give important information about the oxygen fugacity and the oxidation state of a rock. Last but not least, they can incorporate geochemically relevant minor and trace elements such as Sr, Pb, REE, V, and Mn. The epidote minerals are undoubtedly very important from a petrogenetic and geochemical point of view, and have received a lot of attention in the last years from several working groups in the field of experimental studies and spectroscopic work. As a result, the thermodynamic database of epidote minerals has been significantly enlarged during the last decade. Recent studies have revealed the importance of zoisite in subduction zone processes as a carrier of H2O and suggested zoisite to be the main H2O source in the pressure interval between about 2.0 and 3.0 GPa. Many studies have shown that an understanding of trace element geochemical processes in high-pressure rocks is impossible without understanding the geochemical influence of the epidote minerals. Recent advances in microanalytical techniques have also shown that epidote minerals record detailed information on their geological environment. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussmann edited the last comprehensive review on this mineral group almost 20 years ago in 1986. In 1990, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the discovery of the famous Knappenwand locality in the Tauern/Austria, an epidote conference was held in Neukirchen/Austria organized by the Austrian Mineralogical Society by V. Höck and F. Koller. In 1999, there was a special symposium at the EUG 10 in Strasbourg, convened by R. Gieré and F. Oberli, entitled Recent advances in studies of the epidote group that highlighted the relevance of the epidote minerals for Earth science. However, there are many open questions in the community regarding the epidote minerals and there is a need for a new overview that brings together the recent knowledge on this interesting group of minerals. The present volume of the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the current state of knowledge on the epidote minerals with special emphasis on the advances that were made since the comprehensive review of Deer et al. (1986). We hope that it will serve to outline the open questions and direction of future research. In the Introduction, we review the structure, optical data and crystal chemistry of this mineral group, all of which form the basis for understanding much of the following material in the volume. In addition, we provide some information on special topics, such as morphology and growth, deformation behavior, and gemology. Thermodynamic properties (Chapter 2, Gottschalk), the spectroscopy of the epidote minerals (Chapter 3, Liebscher) and a review of the experimental studies (Chapter 4, Poli and Schmidt) constitute the first section of chapters. These fields are closely related, and all three chapters show the significant progress over the last years, but that some of the critical questions such as the problem of miscibility and miscibility gaps are still not completely solved. This section concludes with a review of fluid inclusion studies (Chapter 5, Klemd), a topic that turned out to be of large interest for petrogenetic interpretation, and leads to the description of natural epidote occurrences in the second section of the book. These following chapters review the geological environments of the epdiote minerals, from low temperature in geothermal fields (Chapter 6, Bird and Spieler), to common metamorphic rocks (Chapter 7, Grapes and Hoskin) and to high- and ultrahigh pressure (Chapter 8, Enami, Liou and Mattinson) and the magmatic regime (Chapter 9, Schmidt and Poli). Allanite (Chapter 10, Gieré and Sorensen) and piemontite (Chapter 11, Bonazzi and Menchetti), on which a large amount of information is now available, are reviewed in separate chapters. Finally trace element (Chapter 12, Frei, Liebscher, Franz and Dulski) and isotopic studies, both stable and radiogenic isotopes (Chapter 13, Morrison) are considered. We found it unavoidable that there is some overlap between individual chapters. This is an inherited problem in a mineral group such as the epidote minerals, which forms intensive solid solutions between the major components of rock forming minerals as well as with trace elements.

Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.

Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.

Description / Table of Contents: The topics included in this issue deal with many aspects of volcanic and seismic activity, two of the natural hazards of geological origin that have the greatest impact and pose the predominant risk to society. This book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. The papers address geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects caused by seismic and volcanic activity; monitoring of volcanic and seismic processes using space and terrestrial techniques; complementarity of these techniques; theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes; inverse problem; interpretation of observations; hazards; seismicity patterns and application.

Description / Table of Contents: The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment. Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.

Description / Table of Contents: Der Band führt den Grund- und Aufbaukurs der Mathematischen Grundlagen für Biologie und Geowissenschaft zusammen und stellt zahlreiche neue Übungsaufgaben vor. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vorlesung und der Übungsaufgaben soll die Studierenden anregen, über mathematische Probleme nachzudenken, und sie in die Lage versetzen, bei Bedarf weitergehende Fachbuchliteratur studieren zu können.

Description / Table of Contents: Nach den ersten beiden Konferenzen deutschsprachiger Echinodermenforscher in Greifswald (Mai 2001) und Berlin (November 2002) findet das diesjährige Treffen Ende Oktober am Muschelkalkmuseum Ingelfingen in Süddeutschland statt. Mit einer regen Beteiligung zahlreicher Biologen, Paläontologen und Geowissenschaftler, aber auch von Hobby- und Laienforschern aus dem Inund Ausland konnte vorliegender Band zusammengestellt werden. Enthalten sind mehr als 20 Arbeiten sowie Kurzfassungen von Vorträgen und Postern, die aus der Arbeit und Beschäftigung mit fossilen und rezenten Stachelhäutern entstanden sind. Desweiteren enthält er ein Schriftenverzeichnis der wissenschaftlichen Originale (Echinodermata) in den geowissenschaftlichen Sammlungen der Universität Göttingen.

Description / Table of Contents: The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic is designed to establish 19th century Britain as a substantial force in logic, developing new ideas, some of which would be overtaken by, and other that would anticipate, the century's later capitulation to the mathematization of logic. British Logic in the Nineteenth Century is indispensable reading and a definitive research resource for anyone with an interest in the history of logic. Contents: 1. "Bentham's Logic" by Charissa Varma and Gordon McOuat 2. "Coleridge's Logic" by Timothy Milnes 3. "Whately's Logic" by James Van Evra 4. "Hamilton's Logic" by Ralph Jessop 5. "Whewell's Logic" by Laura Snyder 6. "Mill's Logic" by Fred Wilson 7. "DeMorgan's Logic" by Michael Hobards & Joan Richards 8. "Boole's Logic" by Dale Jacquette 9. "French Logique and British Logic: On the Origins of Augustus deMorgan early Logical Enquiries 1805-1835" by Maria Panteki 10. "Lewis Carroll's Logic" by Amirouche Moktefi 11. "Venn's Logic" by James Van Evra 12. "Jevons' Logic" by Bert Mosselmans and Ard Van Moer 13. "MacColl's Logic" by Shahid Rahman 14. "The Idealists" by David Sullivan

Description / Table of Contents: Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing policymakers today. Controlling the emissions that cause global warming will require societies to incur costs now while uncertain benefits accrue in the distant future. These conditions make it hard to created successful policy, yet they longer we wait the more greenhouse gasses accumulate in the atmosphere. Even as a consensus grows that something must be done, there is no agreement on the best course of action. This book takes a fresh look at the issue. It offers three contrasting perspectives, each cast as a presidential speech. One emphasizes the ability of modern, wealthy societies to adapt to the changing climate. A second speech urges reengagement with the Kyoto Protocol while demanding reforms that would make Kyoto more effective. A third speech urges unilateral action that would create a market for low-carbon emission technologies from the "bottom up," in contrast with the top-down international treaties such as Kyoto. A memorandum to the president explains the multidimensional nature of this critical issue and an extensive appendix includes scientific reports, government speeches, legislative proposals, and further readings.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides incentives for further development of sustainable fuel cycles through a novel and interdisciplinary approach to an Earth science-related topic. The main focus is on geochemical concepts in immobilizing, isolating or neutralizing waste derived from energy production and consumption. The book also addresses the issue of using some types of energy-derived waste as alternative raw materials. Moreover, it highlights research on how certain wastes can be used for energy production, an increasingly important aspect of modern integrated waste management strategies. The main objectives are to: (a) identify the most serious environmental problems related to various types of power generation and associated waste accumulation; (b) present strategies, based on natural analogue materials, for the immobilization of toxic and radioactive waste components through mineralogical barriers; (c) discuss modern procedures for reuse of waste or certain waste components; and (d) review the importance of geochemical modelling in describing and predicting the interaction between waste and the environment.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / John Malpas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 1-4, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.01 --- Precambrian --- Determining Precambrian crustal evolution in China: a case-study from Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, demonstrating the application of precise SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology / Simon A. Wilde, Peter A. Cawood, Kaiyi Wang, Alexander Nemchin and Guochun Zhao / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 5-25, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.02 --- Late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: insights from synthesis of existing data from the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt / Guochun Zhao, Min Sun, Simon A. Wilde and Jinghui Guo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 27-55, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.03 --- Precambrian tectonic evolution of the North China Craton / Mingguo Zhai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 57-72, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.04 --- Palaezoic --- The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic / Bor-Ming Jahn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 73-100, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.05 --- Tectonic evolution of Palaeozoic terranes in West Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China / Solomon Buckman and Jonathan C. Aitchison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 101-129, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.06 --- Nb-depleted, continental rift-related Akaz metavolcanic rocks (West Kunlun): implication for the rifting of the Tarim Craton from Gondwana / Chao Yuan, Min Sun, Jingsui Yang, Hui Zhou and Mei-Fu Zhou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 131-143, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.07 --- Basement heterogeneity in the Cathaysia crustal block, southeast China / Chris J. N. Fletcher, Lung. S. Chan, Roderick J. Sewell, S. Diarmad G. Campbell, Donald W. Davis and Jieshou Zhu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 145-155, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.08 --- Mesozoic --- Subduction, collision and exhumation in the ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Dabie orogen / Bradley R. Hacker, Lothar Ratschbacher and J. G. Liou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 157-175, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.09 --- UHP rocks and the Dabieshan Orogenic Belt / Qingchen Wang and Bolin Cong / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 177-192, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.10 --- Jurassic intraplate magmatism in southern Hunan-eastern Guangxi: 40Ar/39Ar dating, geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopes and implications for the tectonic evolution of SE China / Xian-Hua Li, Sun-Lin Chung, Hanwen Zhou, Ching-Hua Lo, Ying Liu and Chang-Hwa Chen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 193-215, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.11 --- Cenozoic-Present --- Evidence for the multiphase nature of the India-Asia collision from the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet / Jonathan C. Aitchison and Aileen M. Davis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 217-233, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.12 --- Conglomerates record the tectonic evolution of the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone in southern Tibet / Aileen M. Davis, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Badengzhu and Luo Hui / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 235-246, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.13 --- Ultra-high pressure minerals in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, and their tectonic implications / Paul T. Robinson, Wen-Ji Bai, John Malpas, Jing-Sui Yang, Mei-Fu Zhou, Qing-Song Fang, Xu-Feng Hu, Stanley Cameron and Hubert Staudigel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 247-271, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.14 --- Cretaceous palaeomagnetism of Indochina and surrounding regions: Cenozoic tectonic implications / Cung Thuong Chi and Steven L. Dorobek / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 273-287, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.15 --- Geology of the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: an enigmatic South China continental fragment? / Graciano P. Yumul, Carla B. Dimalanta, Rodolfo A. Tamayo, Rene C. Maury, Herve Bellon, Mireille Polvé, Victor B. Maglambayan, Cliff L. Querubin and Joseph Cotten / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 289-312, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.16 --- Cenozoic tectonics of the China continental margin: insights from Taiwan / Louis S. Teng and Andrew T. Lin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 313-332, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.17 --- Precisely relocated hypocentres, focal mechanisms and active orogeny in Central Taiwan / F. T. Wu, C. S. Chang and Y. M. Wu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 333-353, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.18

Description / Table of Contents: This publication reflects a growing appreciation of yhe extent to which turbidite depositional system development is fundamentally affected by basin-floor topography. In the many turbidite and turbidite hydrocarbon reservoirs, depositional patterns have been moderately to strongly confined by pre-existing slopes; thus 'submarine fans' may be far from fan-shaped where constrained by significant bathymetric features. This volume examines aspects of sediment dispersal and accumulation in deep-water systems where sea-floor topography has exerted a decisive control on deposition, and explores the associated controls on hydrocarbon reservoir architecture and heterogeneity. The papers presented here offer a global perspective, which is wide-ranging in terms of approach as well as location, including contrasting reviews and case studies of outcrop, subsurface, modern and experimental systems. This book will be of use both to academic geologists and to geoscience professionals in industry dealing with characterization and modelling of deep-water clastic reservoirs.

Description / Table of Contents: The widespread extension occured within the Variscan orogen and its northern foreland during late Carboniferous to Early Permian times. This was associated with magnetism and with a fundamental change, at the Westphalian-Stephanian boundary, in the regional stress field, coincident with the termination of orogenic activity and onset of dextral translation between North Africa and Europe. Rifting propagated across basement terranes with different ages and thermal histories. Most of the roft basins developed on relatively thin lithosphere; however, the highly magnetic Oslo graben initiated within the edge of a craton. Early stephanian regional uplift is contemporaneous with the onset of magmatism; inviting speculation that it might have been induced by a thermal anomaly within the upper mantle. The contributions to this volume suggest that the geodynamic setting in which magmatism occurred was complex, involving wrench tectonics, slab detachment, and delimination or thermal erosion of the base of the lithosphere.

Description / Table of Contents: The Grès d′Annot Formation of SE France constitutes a classic and outstanding example of a sand-rich turbidite system controlled by synsedimentary tectonics, and has often been used as an outcrop analogue for deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs. Over the last 10 years, research efforts by different academic and industrial teams have led to important reappraisals of prevailing ideas on the Gres d′Annot, particularly on the nature and controlling factors of the depositional processes, the small-scale architecture and sequence organization of the deposits, the tectonic regime of the basin and its impact on palaeogeography, and the interaction between sediment gravity flows and basin-floor topography. This volume offers a multidisciplinary overview and draws up the ′state-of-the-art′ of scientific knowledge on this influential turbidite system. Complementary aspects are covered, from structural geology, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, to modelling of sedimentary processes and architectures, geochemistry, reservoir characterization, seismic modelling and uses as analogues for deep-marine hydrocarbon fields. This book will be of use to both academic researchers (geologists and geophysicists) and industry professionals dealing with the characterization and modelling of deep-water sediments.

Description / Table of Contents: VORWORT Dieses Buch möchte Ihnen helfen, ein eigenes Intrusion Detection System (IDS) auf der Basis von Snort aufzubauen. Wir werden auf ca. 250 Seiten nicht sämtliche Aspekte und Möglichkeiten der Einbruchserkennung er örtern können – aber das soll das Buch auch nicht leisten. Vielmehr möchten wir Ihnen eine kompakte, von Fachleuten entworfene und geprüfte Anleitung geben, wie Sie mit möglichst wenig Aufwand möglichst schnell zu einem grundsätzlich ausreichenden IDS kommen. Dieses Buch wendet sich, bildlich gesprochen, an den gestressten Administrator, der partout genug Arbeit auf dem Schreibtisch und keine Zeit hat, sich in Hunderte Seiten dicke Grundlagenwerke einzuarbeiten, daraus das für ihn Wichtige abzuleiten und anschließend mühsam nach dem Trial-and-Error-Verfahren ein eigenes SnortIDS aufzubauen. Wir präsentieren Ihnen eine fertige Lösung, die Sie in kürzester Zeit nachbauen und später weiter verfeinern und anpassen können. Dennoch widmen wir uns selbstverständlich auch den Grundlagen der Intrusion Detection – sozusagen am lebenden Beispiel, am gerade gemeinsam aufgebauten IDSNetzwerk. Eine solche Schritt-für-Schritt-Bauanleitung bringt natürlich Kompromisse und Probleme mit sich: Was in einer SoftwareVersion reibungslos funktionierte, kann sich in einer anderen Version wieder anders verhalten. Parameter und Pfade werden umbenannt, Pakete und Bibliotheken kommen zu einer Distribution hinzu oder werden ersetzt – und nicht zuletzt unterscheiden sich auch SUSE und Debian oft genug grundlegend voneinander. Wir haben die hier geschilderten Bauanleitungen basierend auf Debian Woody und SUSE Version 9.1 entworfen. Es steht Ihnen frei, abweichend davon eine andere (ältere oder neuere) Version oder vielleicht eine ganz andere Distribution einzusetzen, doch müssen Sie damit rechnen, dass dann einiges von unserer Lösung abweichen, anders heißen oder funktionieren kann. Insoweit bitten wir um Verständnis, dass wir weder alle alten Versionen beachten, noch alle zukünftigen änderungen in unserer Kristallkugel vorhersehen können. Am zugrunde liegenden Prinzip dürfte sich jedoch nicht allzu viel ändern, so dass es für Administratoren mit etwas Erfahrung ein Leichtes sein sollte, die hier geschilderten Wege an andere Gegebenheiten anzupassen. Ob Sie SUSE oder Debian einsetzen, spielt prinzipiell keine Rolle – wir gehen jeweils auf beide Varianten ein, sofern Unterschiede bestehen. Bezüglich SUSE Linux möchten wir Ihnen aber empfehlen, mindestens Version 9.1 zu nutzen, da erst diese ein aktuelles Snort 2.1 enthält; SUSE 9.0 würde bereits das eigene Kompilieren von Snort erfordern. Das können Sie tun, das können Sie sich aber auch ersparen...

Description / Table of Contents: The Azores-Tunisia region is formed by the western part of the plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa. This plate boundary presents a complex nature due to its proximity to the pole of rotation of the African plate. This condition produces crustal extensions and normal faulting at the Azores archipelago, transcurrent motion with strike slip faulting at the center part of the Azores-Gibraltar fault and at the eastern end, from the Gulf of Cadiz to Tunisia, plate convergence with reverse faulting. In this last part, the collision of Iberia with northern Morocco produces complex phenomena with intermediate depth and deep earthquakes and an extensional regime at the Alboran sea. Recently, new evidence has been gathered in this region based on observations from geology, geodesy, mainly through GPS measurements, seismology, especially with the installation of broad-band stations, and other fields of geophysics, such as paleomagnetism and gravimetry.

Description / Table of Contents: Im Rahmen der 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, die 2004 zum vierten Mal in Göttingen stattfand, wurden sechs Exkursionen in die nähere Umgebung Göttingens durchgeführt sowie Workshops zu Geo-Histologie, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Ostrakoden angeboten. Der vorliegende Exkursionsführer und Workshop-Begleiter ist mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und Farbseiten ausgestattet. Er bietet zur regionalen Geowissenschaft Niedersachsens und zu den genannten Workshop-Themen aktuelle und fundierte Informationen.

Description / Table of Contents: Science and engineering students depend heavily on concepts of mathematical modeling. In an age where almost everything is done on a computer, author Clive Dym believes that students need to understand and "own" the underlying mathematics that computers are doing on their behalf. His goal for Principles of Mathematical Modeling, Second Edition, is to engage the student reader in developing a foundational understanding of the subject that will serve them well into their careers. The first half of the book begins with a clearly defined set of modeling principles, and then introduces a set of foundational tools including dimensional analysis, scaling techniques, and approximation and validation techniques. The second half demonstrates the latest applications for these tools to a broad variety of subjects, including exponential growth and decay in fields ranging from biology to economics, traffic flow, free and forced vibration of mechanical and other systems, and optimization problems in biology, structures, and social decision making. Prospective students should have already completed courses in elementary algebra, trigonometry, and first-year calculus and have some familiarity with differential equations and basic physics. * Serves as an introductory text on the development and application of mathematical models * Focuses on techniques of particular interest to engineers, scientists, and others who model continuous systems * Offers more than 360 problems, providing ample opportunities for practice * Covers a wide range of interdisciplinary topics--from engineering to economics to the sciences * Uses straightforward language and explanations that make modeling easy to understand and apply New to this Edition: * A more systematic approach to mathematical modeling, outlining ten specific principles * Expanded and reorganized chapters that flow in an increasing level of complexity * Several new problems and updated applications * Expanded figure captions that provide more information * Improved accessibility and flexibility for teaching

Description / Table of Contents: Volcanic eruptions are the clear and dramatic expression of dynamic processes going on in planet Earth. The author, one of the most profound specialists in the field of volcanology, explains in a concise and easy to understand manner the basics and most recent findings in the field of volcanology. Based on plate tectonics and illustrated with more than 300 color figures, the book offers insights into the generation of magmas and the occurrence and origin of volcanoes. The analysis and description of volcanic structures is followed by process-oriented chapters discussing the role of magmatic gases, as well as explosive mechanisms and sedimentation of volcanic material. The final chapters deal with the forecast of eruptions and their influence on climate. Students and scientists from a broad range of fields will find this book an interesting and attractive source of information.From the reviews:"The science of volcanology has made tremendous progress over the past 40 years, primarily because of technological advances and because each tragic eruption has led researchers to recognize the processes behind such serious hazards. Yet scientists are still learning a great deal because of photographs that either capture those processes in action or show us the critical factors left behind in the rock record.Volcanism by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke has photos of the best quality I have ever seen in a text on the subject. I found myself wishing that I had had the photo of Nicaragua's Masaya volcano, which was the subject of my dissertation, but it was Schmincke who was able to include it in his book. In addition, the schematic figures in their wide range of styles are clear, colorful, and simplified to emphasize the most important factors while including all significant features. The book's paper is of such high quality that at times I felt I had turned two pages rather than one.I have really enjoyed reading and rereading Schmincke's book. It fills a great gap in texts available for teaching any basic course in volcanology. No other book I know of has the depth and breadth of Volcanism. I was disappointed that the text did not arrive on my desk until last August, when it was too late for me to choose it for my course in volcanology. I am also disappointed about another fact--the book's binding is already becoming tattered because of my intense use of it! Schmincke is a volcanologist who, in 1967, first published papers on sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin, the direction traveled by lava flows millions of years ago, and the structures preserved in explosive ignimbrites, or pumice-flow deposits, that reveal important details of their formation. Since then, his studies in Germany's Laacher See, the Canary Islands, the Troodos Ophiolite of Cyprus, and many other regions have forged great fundamental advances. Such contributions have been recognized with his receipt of several international awards and clearly give him a strong base for writing the book.However, as a scientist who has focused on the challenges of monitoring the very diverse activities of volcanoes, I think that the text's overriding emphasis on the rock record has its cost. The group of scientists who are struggling with their goals to reduce or mitigate the hazards of the eruptions of tomorrow need to learn more about the options of technology, instrumentation, and methodology that are currently available. More than 500 million people live near the more than 1500 known active volcanoes and are constantly facing serious threats of eruptions. An extremely energetic earthquake caused the horrific tsunamis of 2004. However, the tsunamis of 1792, 1815, and 1883, which were caused by the eruptions of Japan's Unzen volcano and Indonesia's Tambora and Krakatau volcanoes, each took a similar toll. ( Stanley N. Williams, PHYSICS TODAY, April 2005)

Description / Table of Contents: Oil prices have broken $50 a barrel, soaring Chinese demand is rocking energy markets, and climate-destabilising carbon emissions grow apace. The World Energy Outlook 2004 offers the statistical background and analytical insight.

Description / Table of Contents: Until only a few years ago, I would never have imagined that a volume on the stable isotope geochemistry of elements like Mg, Fe or Cu would be written. In fact, a comic book of blank pages entitled The Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Fluorine would have been a more likely prospect. In volume 16 of this series, published in 1986, I wrote: Isotopic variations have been looked for but not found for heavy elements like Cu, Sn, and Fe .... Natural variations in isotopic ratios of terrestrial materials have been reported for other light elements like Mg and K, but such variations usually turn out to be laboratory artifacts. I am about ready to eat those words. We have known for many years that large isotopic fractionations of heavy elements like Pb develop in the source regions of TIMS machines. Nonetheless, most of us held fast to the conventional wisdom that no significant mass-dependent isotopic fractionations were likely to occur in natural or laboratory systems for elements that are either heavy or engaged in bonds with a dominant ionic character. With the relatively recent appearance of new instrumentation like MC-ICP-MS and heroic methods development in TIMS analyses, it became possible to make very precise measurements of the isotopic ratios of some of these non-traditional elements, particularly if they comprise three or more isotopes. It was eminently reasonable to reexamine these systems in this new light. Perhaps atomic weights could be refined, or maybe there were some unexpected isotopic variations to discover. There were around the turn of the present century, reports began appearing of biological fractionations of about 2-3 per mil for heavy elements like Fe and Cr and attempts were made to determine the magnitude of equilibrium isotope effects in these systems, both by experiment and semi-empirical calculations. Interest emerged in applying these effects to the study of environmental problems. Even the most recalcitrant skeptic now accepts the fact that measurable and meaningful variations in the isotopic ratios of heavy elements occur as a result of chemical, biological and physical processes. Most of the work discussed in this volume was published after the year 2000 and thus the chapters are more like progress reports rather than reviews. Skepticism now focuses on whether isotopic variations as small as 0.1 per mil are indeed as meaningful as some think, and the fact that measured isotopic fractionations of these non-traditional elements are frequently much smaller than predicted from theoretical considerations. In fact the large fractionations suggested by the calculations provide much of the stimulus for working in this discipline. Clearly some carefully designed experiments could shed light on some of the ambiguity. My optimism for the future of this burgeoning new field remains high because it is in very good hands indeed.

Description / Table of Contents: The 17 chapters of this book grew out of the tutorial lectures given by leading world-class experts at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure” - ESPRIT, which was held in Rhodes on March 25-29, 2004. All manuscripts were refereed and subsequently meticulously edited by the editor to ensure the highest quality for this monograph. I owe particular thanks to the lecturers of the ESPRIT Advanced Research Workshop for producing these excellent tutorial reviews, which convey the essential knowledge and the latest advances in our field. Due to the breadth, extensive literature citations and quality of the reviews we expect this publication to serve extremely well as a reference book. Multimedia material referring to individual chapters of the book is accessible on the accompanying CD. The aim of ESPRIT was to assess existing knowledge and identify future actions regarding monitoring, forecasting and mitigation of space weather induced malfunction and damage of vital technological systems operating in space and on the ground.

Description / Table of Contents: In the wake of the disastrous tsunami which struck Papua New Guinea in 1998, this volume presents 20 state-of-the-art contributions on landslide tsunamis, including earthquake characteristics and ground motions, modeling of landslides in geotechnical engineering, field surveys on land and at sea, simulations of past, present, and potential future tsunamis, and theoretical studies of tsunami generation by landslides.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume, "Air Quality", contains many original findings on biomasss fires, transboundary pollution and associated haze and their impacts on health, biodiversity and economy and thus is expected to be a source book for research in South East Asia. Many of the results presented in this volume pertain to this region and are thus available under one "roof". Some papers could be discussed in graduate level classes dealing with Air Pollution, Air Quality, Cloud Physics and Biophysics. The scientific community will find this book a useful addition to their personal and institutional libraries.

Description / Table of Contents: Recycling of oceanic plate back into the Earth’s interior at subduction zones is one of the key processes in Earth evolution. Volcanic arcs, which form above subduction zones, are the most visible manifestations of plate tectonics, the convection mechanism by which the Earth loses excess heat They are probably also the main location where new continental crust is formed, the so-called ‘subduction factoiy’ About 400f modern subduction zones on Earth are intra-oceanic. These subduction systems are generally simpler than those at continental margins as they commonly have a shorter history of subduction and their magmas are not contaminated by ancient sialic crust. They are therefore the optimum locations for studies of mantle processes and magmatic addition to the crust in subduction zones. This volume contains a collection of papers that exploit the relative simplicity of intra-oceanic subduction systems to provide insights into the tectonic, magmatic and hydrothermal processes associated with subduction.

Description / Table of Contents: Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts are common tectonic features, particularly at convergent plate boundaries, where they are produced by both oblique convergence and continental indentation. These lithosphere-scale structures, which also occur in other geodynamic environments such as passive margins, are characterized by complex structural architectures, by the occurrence of large earthquakes, and by the fast uplift and/or subsidence of localized crustal sectors. Intraplate strike-slip belts can also control the ascent and emplacement of deeply sourced magmas. In some cases, intraplate strike-slip belts link with oceanic fracture zones and transform faults, transferring transform shear from the ridges to the interior of the plates. This evidence has an important impact of the classical concept of transform faulting. This volume contains 13 papers from an international field of contributors. Studies of intraplate strike-slip deformation belts from Africa, Antarctica, Eurasia, North America and South America are included.

Description / Table of Contents: The study of sediments and sedimentary basins in terms of their tectonic environment requires a multidisciplinary approach and has increasingly drawn both techniques and objectives from fields outside sedimentology. The application of different theoretical, experimental and empirical resources provided by structural geology, geochemistry, geophysics, scale modelling, and field geology, complement sedimentological methods, with the combined aim of achieving a deeper understanding of the origins, evolution and significance of sedimentary sequences in terms of their tectonic history. Studies presented in this volume range across a wide spectrum from the analysis of sedimentary sequence architecture at basin scale down to the chemical properties of individual grains, and include studies from a range of tectonic settings. The volume will be of interest to those involved with, or contemplating, studies involving the linkages between tectonics and sedimentation, as well as a wider audience to whom the results of such studies may provide fresh insight.

Description / Table of Contents: The 32 research papers in this volume examine the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological and biological processes associated with the evolution of ophiolites in Earth's history. Divided into six sections, the book presents a wealth of new data and syntheses from ophiotites around the world. Introductory chapters review the distribution of ophiolites in space and time and present a synoptic discussion on their importance in Earth history. Papers in the second section present diverse data from Tethyan ophiolites and provide refined geodynamic models for their evolution. The following two sections present case studies documenting magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic processes in ophiolite genesis and hydrothermal and biogenic alteration of fossil oceanic crust. Mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement are explored in Section V with a focus on the Semail massif (Oman). The last section examines the regional occurrence and geodynamic significance of ophiolite belts on different continents. The book reflects the contemporary work of the international community in a most up-to-date treatment of process-oriented questions on the evolution of ophiolites.

Description / Table of Contents: Humans have long marvelled at (and feared) the odorous and colourful manifestations of volcanic emissions, and, in some cases, have harnessed them for their economic value. The degassing process responsible for these phenomena is now understood to be one of the key factors influencing the timing and nature of volcanic eruptions. Moreover the surface emissions of these volatiles can have profound effects on the atmospheric and terrestrial environment, and climate. Even more fundamental are the relationships between the history of planetary outgassing, differentiation of the Earth’s interior, chemistry of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the origin and evolution of life. This book provides a compilation of 23 papers that investigate the behaviour of volatiles in magma, the feedbacks between degassing and magma dynamics, and the composition, flux, and environmental, atmospheric and climatic impacts of volcanic gas emissions.

Description / Table of Contents: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is transforming the way earth scientists and engineers describe and interpret near-surface sedimentary environments in the field. Because of recent advances in equipment, GPR now provides continuous, high-resolution data that other geophysical investigative tools cannot achieve. GPR has proven useful in a wide array of environmental, geological, and engineering applications. Included in this book are practical guidelines for data collection and interpretation, from antennae configurations to sequence stratigraphy, together with new advances such as vertical radar profiles and 3-D GPR imaging for hydrocarbon reservoir modelling, designed to assist new and veteran users get the most from GPR. Case studies in this book detail GPR investigations in a wide array of sedimentary environments including alluvial fans, braided rivers, spits, beaches, sand dunes, lakes, bogs, and floodplains. Examples of GPR investigation applied to stratigraphic correlation problems in Holocene, Pleistocene, and ancient sediments; hydrocarbon reservoir modelling; and detection and mapping of contaminants, reservoir infilling, land mines, and fault displacements are included.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume focuses on Late Mesoproterozoic to early Cambrian events related to Gondwana assembly and break up. The nineteen papers provide a comprehensive review including advanced knowledge and new data from all critical areas of East Gondwana. The recent knowledge of the evolution of East Gondwana, which was regarded as an integral part of the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia, is the major theme of the volume, which is reinforced by highlighting this radical and new understanding of the evolution of this region. This volume is of use as both a text and reference book for Earth Science postgraduates, and should appeal worldwide to professional geologists with an interest in Rodinia, Gondwana and that important transition from the Proterozoic to the Phanerozoic Earth.

Description / Table of Contents: Since the dawn of life on earth, organisms have played roles in mineral formation in processes broadly known as biomineralization. This biologically-mediated organization of aqueous ions into amorphous and crystalline materials results in materials that are as simple as adventitious precipitates or as complex as exquisitely fabricated structures that meet specialized functionalities. The purpose of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is to provide students and professionals in the earth sciences with a review that focuses upon the various processes by which organisms direct the formation of minerals. Our framework of examining biominerals from the viewpoints of major mineralization strategies distinguishes this volume from most previous reviews. The review begins by introducing the reader to over-arching principles that are needed to investigate biomineralization phenomena and shows the current state of knowledge regarding the major approaches to mineralization that organisms have developed over the course of Earth history. By exploring the complexities that underlie the "synthesis" of biogenic materials, and therefore the basis for how compositions and structures of biominerals are mediated (or not), we believe this volume will be instrumental in propelling studies of biomineralization to a new level of research questions that are grounded in an understanding of the underlying biological phenomena.

Description / Table of Contents: The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.

Description / Table of Contents: In the two decades since J. Alexander Speer's Zircon chapter in Orthosilicates (Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 5), much has been learned about the internal textures, trace-element and isotope geochemistry (both radiogenic and stable) and chemical and mechanical stability of zircon. The application of this knowledge and the use of zircon in geologic studies have become widespread. Today, the study of zircon exists as the pseudo-discipline of "zirconology" that involves materials scientists and geoscientists from across a range of sub-disciplines including stable and radiogenic isotopes, sedimentology, petrology, trace elements and experimental mineralogy. Zirconology has become an important field of research, so much so that coverage of the mineral zircon in a review volume that included zircon as one of many accessory minerals would not meet the needs or interests of the zirconology community in terms of depth or breadth of coverage. The sixteen chapters in this volume cover the most important aspects of zircon-related research over the past twenty-years and highlight possible future research avenues. Finch and Hanchar (Chapter 1) review the structure of zircon and other mineral (and synthetic) phases with the zircon structure. In most rock types where zircon occurs it is a significant host of the rare-earth elements, Th and U. The abundances of these elements and the form of chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns may provide significant information on the processes that generate igneous and metamorphic rocks. The minor and trace element compositions of igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal zircons are reviewed by Hoskin and Schaltegger in Chapter 2. The investigation of melt inclusions in zircon is an exciting line of new research. Trapped melt inclusions can provide direct information of the trace element and isotopic composition of the melt from which the crystal formed as a function of time throughout the growth of the crystal. Thomas et a!. (Chapter 3) review the study of melt inclusions in zircon. Hanchar and Watson (Chapter 4) review experimental and natural studies of zircon saturation and the use of zircon saturation thermometry for natural rocks. Cation diffusion and oxygen diffusion in zircon is discussed by Cherniak and Watson (Chapter 5). Diffusion studies are essential for providing constraints on the quality of trace element and isotope data and for providing estimates of temperature exposure in geological environments. Zircon remains the most widely utilized accessory mineral for U- Th-Pb isotope geochronology. Significant instrumental and analytical developments over the past thirty years mean that zircon has an essential role in early Achaean studies, magma genesis, and astrobiology. Four chapters are devoted to different aspects of zircon geochronology. The first of these four, Chapter 6 by Davis et a!., reviews the historical development of zircon geochronology from the mid-1950s to the present; the following three chapters focus on particular techniques for zircon geochronology, namely ID-TIMS (Parrish and Noble, Chapter 7), SIMS (Ireland and Williams, Chapter 8) and ICP-MS (Kosier and Sylvester, Chapter 9). The application of zircon chronology in constraining sediment provenance.and the calibration ofthe geologic time-scale are reviewed by Fedo et al. (Chapter 10) and Bowring and Schmitz (Chapter 11), respectively. Other isotopic systematics are reviewed for zircon by Kinny and Maas (Chapter 12), who discuss the application of Nd-Sm and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon to petrogenetic studies, and by Valley (Chapter 13), who discusses the importance of oxygen isotopic studies in traditional and emerging fields of geologic study. As a host of U and Th, zircon is subject to radiation damage. Radiation damage is likely responsible for isotopic disturbance and promotes mechanical instability. There is increasing interest in both the effect of radiation damage on the zircon crystal structure and mechanisms of damage and recrystallization, as well as the structure of the damaged phase. These studies contribute to an overall understanding of how zircon may behave as a waste-form for safe disposal of radioactive waste and are discussed by Ewing et a!. (Chapter 14). The spectroscopy of zircon, both crystalline and metamict is reviewed by Nadsala et a!. (Chapter 15). The final chapter, by Corfu et al. (Chapter 16), is an atlas of internal textures of zircon. The imaging of internal textures in zircon is essential for directing the acquisition of geochemical data and to the integrity of conclusions reached once data has been collected and interpreted. This chapter, for the first time, brings into one place textural images that represent common and not so common textures reported in the literature, along with brief interpretations of their significance. There is presently no comparable atlas. It is intended that this chapter will become a reference point for future workers to compare and contrast their own images against. The chapters in this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry were prepared for presentation at a Short Course, sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) in Freiburg, Germany, April 3-4, 2003. This preceded a joint meeting of the European Union of Geology, the American Geophysical Union and the European Geophysical Society held in Nice, France, April 6-11, 2003.

Description / Table of Contents: Russia is a key energy producer and exporter. IEA co-operation with the Russian Ministry of Energy dates back to the early 1990s; a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 1994. To date, the co-operation has focused largely on gas supply security, energy efficiency, the investment framework and energy sector transparency. Recent developments in Russia’s energy policy have demonstrated an increased interest in renewable energy sources. This publication is intended to support Russian-IEA co-operation by analyzing the prospects for developing a renewable energy market in Russia. By contributing to the evolving discussions on Russian policy in the sphere of renewable energy, this study supplements the “Russian Energy Survey” released by the IEA in March 2002.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Landform Modelling, General Considerations --- The Paradox of Equivalence of the Davisian End-Peneplain and Penckian Primary Peneplain / Hiroo Ohmori / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 3-32 --- Geomorphology: Boundaries between Media / Robert W. Blair, Jr. / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 33-42 --- Evolution of the Ocean Floor Morphostructure: Actualistic Model / Alexander V. Ilyin / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 43-59 --- Scale-Specific Landforms and Aspects of the Land Surface / Ian S. Evans / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 61-94 --- Part 2. Material Transport in Landform Modelling --- Simple Model for the Complex Dynamics of Dunes / Hiraku Nishimori and Hirohisa Tanaka / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 87-100 --- Green's Function of Mass Transport and the Landform Equation / Masashige Hirano / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 101-114 --- Towards Quantitative Modelling of Landform Evolution through Frequency and Magnitude of Processes: A Model Conception / Jochen Schmidt and Nicholas James Preston / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 115-129 --- Part 3. Fluvial Landform Structure: Mathematical and Physical Laws --- Planar Organization of River Networks: A Hidden Gamma Law Structure / Christophe Cudennec, Youssef Fouad and Irianto Sumarjo-Gatot / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 133-145 --- Tiling Properties of Drainage Basins and Their Physical Bases / Eiji Tokunaga / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 147-166 --- Mathematical Modeling of Landforms: Optimality and Steady-State Solutions / Scott D. Peckham / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 167-182 --- Part 4. DEMs, GIS and Modelling in Geomorphology --- A Simple GIS Model for Mapping Landslide Susceptibility / Richard J. Pike, Russell W. Graymer and Steven Sobieszczyk / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 185-197 --- Eigenvector Analysis of Digital Elevation Models in a GIS: Geomorphometry and Quality Control / Peter L. Guth / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 199-220 --- Multiresolution Spline Models and Their Applications in Geomorphology / Jan Rasmus Sulebak and Øyvind Hjelle / Concepts and Modelling in Geomorphology: International Perspectives, / pp. 221-237

Description / Table of Contents: Vorwort Dieses Buch wurde für den Einsteiger geschrieben. Leicht verständlich sollte es sein. Da ich mich oft darüber ärgerte, dass ich von Einsteigerbüchern immer so bald im Regen stehen gelassen wurde, sollte dieses Buch so lange wie möglich nützlich sein. Also sollten zu möglichst vielen Stichworten, die einem Anfänger begegnen können, ein paar erklärende Worte fallen. Na ja, dann kann man ja gerade noch ein paar Worte dazu sagen, wie man das installiert und konfiguriert. Was sollte in das Buch hinein? Klar, die grundlegenden Befehle zum Umgang mit Dateien und Verzeichnissen sind wichtig. Die Editoren vi und emacs und die Shell sind die Standardwerkzeuge eines jeden UNIX-Anwenders und müssen natürlich erläutert werden. Neben diesen klassischen Themen will man aber auch mit einem CD-Brenner arbeiten. Auch die Administration darf nicht fehlen. Immerhin gibt es immer mehr Einzelplatzbenutzer, insbesondere im Bereich Linux und MacOS X, die letztlich ihr System auch selbst administrieren müssen. Wer es im professionellen Umfeld mit UNIX zu tun bekommt, wird schnell in das Umfeld der Administration geraten. Und dann wird man über kurz oder lang auch mal ein paar kleine Skripten zaubern müssen. Wenn man dann als Administrator Perl kennt, ist das nicht verkehrt. Auf der anderen Seite kann man in der heutigen Zeit das Thema grafische Oberflächen nicht mehr weglassen. Und dass eine Maschine ohne Netzwerk betrieben wird, ist im Internet-Zeitalter einfach unglaubwürdig. So kam dann eins zum anderen. Inzwischen ist dieses Buch fast schon eine UNIX-Enzyklopädie, aber immer noch soll es für den Anfänger leicht verständlich sein. Denn Verständlichkeit schätzt nicht nur der Anfänger, sondern auch der Profi, wenn ihm mal ein neues Thema begegnet...