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  • Ecology
  • 2005-2009  (66)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Deapartment of Ocean Development (DOD), Government of India
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: open
    Keywords: Tsunami ; India ; Ecology ; Sedimentology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Amadiba Coastal Community at Xolobeni in the Eastern Cape are caught in a tug-of-war between an Australian company, Mineral Commodities, which is planning to mine in the area, and environmentalists who are opposed to both the coastal dune mining and the N2 toll road, which will cut through the area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Tourism ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 55343 bytes
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Caribbean encrusting and excavating sponges Cliona aprica, C. caribbaea, C. delitrix and C. tenuis (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae), aggresively undermine and displace live coral tissue. At San Andrés island and Islas del Rosario (Colombian Caribbean), in all 145 observed cases of direct contact of the sponges C. aprica, C. caribbaea and C. tenuis with 17 coral species, corals showed unhealthy signs in their tissue. It was also noticed that the surface of these sponges is colonized by few organisms and that they are rarely preyed upon. To establish the possible use of chemical substances by these sponges in competition for space with corals (allelopathy), as inhibitors of larval settlement (antifouling), and as feeding deterrents against generalist fish (antipredatory), the activity of crude organic extracts was experimentally evaluated. Extracts were prepared in methanol and 1:2 metanol:dichloromethane and incorporated in experimental media at the natural concentration within the sponges. Using an unpublished method being developed by J. Pawlik (University of North Caroline at Wilmington) and M. Ilan (Tel Aviv University), PhytagelTM disks with crude extracts of each of the four sponge species, placed on the coral Montastrea cavernosa, produced a greater degree of polyp mortality than control gels without extract. Gels with extracts of the sponges C. aprica and C. caribbaea + C. tenuis, served in Petri dishes and used as substratum in the field, inhibited significantly the settlement of fouling organisms, in comparison to control gels. In laboratory trials, wheat flour pellets with extracts C. delitrix and C. caribbaea + C. tenuis were significantly rejected by the omnivore reef damselfish, Stegastes partitus, whereas pellets with extract of C. aprica did not deter feeding. These results suggest that substances present in the crude organic extracts of these sponges may be responsible in part for their ability to compete for reef substrata and to defend themselves from potential aggressors.
    Description: Published
    Description: Cliona, Encrusting excavating sponges, Space competition, Allelopathy, Antifouling, Antipredatory
    Keywords: Ecology ; Sponges ; Sponges ; Coral ; Ecology ; Competitive behaviour ; Associated species ; Antifouling substances
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.43-67
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Human activities adjacent to and within a wetland, influence its ecological status. An understanding of the social and economic conditions in the communities within and adjacent to the Godineau Swamp is fundamental to its sustainable use. The effective functioning of wetland resources is centered on the sustainable management of human activities and traditional uses. The Godineau Swamp is the second largest wetland system found on the Gulf of Paria of Trinidad. Traditionally the wetland has supported a fish and shellfish industry and provided land for agriculture livestock farming and housing. Oil exploration has taken place in the Godineau Swamp for the last fifty years and the Swamp continues to provide several opportunities for ecotourism.
    Description: The following groups assisted Communities of Godineau Swamp Central Statistical Office (CSO) Community Development Division
    Keywords: Ecology ; Swamps ; Ecology ; Swamps ; Baseline studies ; Socioeconomic aspects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
    Format: 1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses. In spite of the efforts that are currently underway, researchers still do not have a detailed understanding of the impact that bycatch produces on sea turtle populations in the SWA. We have a long way to go before its effects can be minimized. Further research is needed regarding the biology and ecology of the various turtle species as well as the effective application of mitigation measures. The life cycles of sea turtles are long and complex. Turtles occupy various ecosystems (nesting beaches, coastal, neritic and oceanic zones, as well as pelagic and demersal areas) throughout their lifetimes, transcending various Exclusive Economic Zones and International Waters. The five species that inhabit the SWA region perform vast feeding and reproductive migrations, traveling through areas where many different fishing fleets operate. Therefore, sea turtles in the SWA interact with virtually all fisheries. These circumstances make it necessary to carry out biological, fishing related and conservation studies on a regional level. The efficiency of the existing international and national legal instruments has yet to be determined, in terms of their effectiveness in protecting sea turtles. In some cases, legislation that is specifically related to the interaction between fisheries and turtles does exist, such as those laws requiring the mandatory use of turtle excluding devices (TEDs). There are also explicit bans on sea turtle capture. Nevertheless, none of these regulations prevent sea turtle bycatch. Although some regional legal instruments are needed, these and the existing legislation will only be effective if they are accompanied by a broader range of permanent education and control measures, to achieve the commitment of all the parties involved. The ecosystem approach is gaining popularity among fishery administration organizations. Research and conservation efforts should also be moving in that direction. A regional and international effort is required in order to compile information regarding the bycatch produced by the various types of fisheries and fleets operating in the area. The enormous increase in fishing pressure that these fleets are exerting in this area has not been accompanied by an increase in information regarding the bycatch of species that have no commercial value. Pelagic longlining is one of the fishing methods, which must be most closely monitored, due to the high levels of bycatch that it produces, as well its ample distribution throughout the region, and the high level of fishing effort that it accounts for. Coastal trawlers and gillnetters must also be considered critical players, because they too produce a large rate of bycatch. These are the three types of fisheries that are most broadly distributed throughout the region, accounting for the majority of the fishing effort. Most of the institutions that work toward sea turtle conservation in the area have only begun to address the issue of bycatch over the last decade. This timeframe is reflected in the scope and quantity of the available publications, as well as the progress of activities directed at mitigating this problem. All of the institutions that have been mentioned in this report have made the gathering of information regarding interaction between sea turtles and fisheries one of their top priorities. Some institutions are even developing working programs for monitoring fisheries and testing mitigation measures. Many of these institutions have managed to develop adequate relationships with fishermen, ship owners and administrators. Nevertheless, limited access to funding is an obstacle to the development and testing of mitigation measures. The SWA network, which is a very valuable instrument that was created in 2003, has allowed the region’s institutions and researchers to exchange information and share their experience, in addition to lending each other support in carrying out joint activities, thus strengthening sea turtle conservation efforts. The capacity demonstrated so far by the region’s researchers and institutions, testifies to their ability to continue to make progress in knowledge generation and tests of bycatch mitigation measures.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71 pp
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The mean objetives ofthe present study were to establish the existence of demersal fish associations in the shelf and superior slope of the Colombian Caribbean northern zone and determine if the biotical patterns determineted by these associations are correlationed with the patterns structured by the environmental conditions evaluated. Data were taken from three demersal resources assessment surveys of the INPA-VECEP/UE Program, carried out during the period 1995-1996. The station groups were not consistent in terms of species composition along the different periods. The dominant characteristics of demersal species associations was the absence of temporal persistence. Only it was possible to find some partial associations which remain during a maximum oftwo sampling periods: Rhomboplites aurorubens/Priacanthus arenatus, Lutjanus analis/Lutjanus synagris y Eucinostomus argenteus/Upeneus parvus. It were observed seasonal changes in the set of environmental variables which better explain the community structure, but depth always appears in the optimal correlation set. Apparently, species co-existence is rather due to a common answer to environmental gradients, than to species interactions: Nevertheless, the relatively low correlations seem to indicate that other factors, like migrations for biological reasons, could also affect the structure and composition of demersal fish associations, on a smaller time scale.
    Description: El presente estudio se centró en los objetivos de establecer la existencia de asociaciones de peces demersales en la plataforma y el talud superior de la zona norte del Caribe colombiano, y determinar si los patrones bióticos determinados por estas asociaciones se correlacionan con los patrones estructurados por las condiciones ambientales evaluadas. Los datos del estudio provinieron de tres campañas de evaluación de recursos demersales del Programa INPA-VECEP/UE, efectuadas durante el período 1995-1996. La característica dominante de los grupos de estaciones y de las asociaciones de peces demersales fue la carencia de persistencia temporal. Únicamente fue factible establecer la persistencia de algunas asociaciones parciales durante un máximo de dos períodos de muestreo, como fue el caso de Rhomboplites aurorubens/Priacanthus arenatus, Lutjanus analis/Lutjanus synagris y Eucinostomus argenteus/Upeneus parvus. Se presentaron cambios estacionales en el conjunto de variables ambientales que explicaron de mejor forma la estructura comunitaria, a excepción de la profundidad, que siempre figuró en la combinación que produjo la correlación óptima. Los cambios en los patrones bióticos parecen señalar que la co-existencia de las especies se debe básicamente a una respuesta común a los radientes ambientales, antes que a interacciones entre especies. Sin embargo, el hecho de que estas correlaciones fuesen relativamente bajas parece indicar que a una escala de tiempo menor otros factores, tales como posibles migraciones por razones biológicas,también podrían afectar la estructura y composición de las asociaciones de peces demersales.
    Description: Published
    Description: Assemblages; Lutjanidae
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Ecology ; Demersal fisheries ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Este documento, dirigido al sector pesquero, investigadores, conservacionistas y administradores de las pesquerías, surge como respuesta de investigadores pertenecientes al Grupo de Especialistas en Investigación y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas en el Atlántico Sud Occidental (ASO) a la urgente necesidad de evaluar el impacto de las pesquerías sobre las tortugas marinas. Históricamente, los esfuerzos referidos a la conservación de las tortugas marinas se han dirigido casi exclusivamente a proteger las playas de anidación. Sin embargo en la última década se ha podido comprobar que una de las mayores amenazas es la mortalidad incidental causada por las pesquerías. Esta interacción no implica únicamente un problema para las tortugas, sino que también genera pérdidas económicas para los pescadores y las empresas.
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses.
    Description: Cont. fotografías
    Description: Published
    Description: Sea Turtle, keeping
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71
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  • 8
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    Mar del Plata: Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main life history characteristics, ecology and fishing interest of bivalve and gastropod species from the Argentine Sea are described. Exploited bivalve species are: mussel Mytilus edulis platensis, cholga Aulacomya ater, tehuelche scallop Aequipecten tehuelchus, Patagonian scallop Zygochlamys patagonica. Bivalve species irregularly exploited are: yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides, purple clam Amiantis purpurata, hard shell clam Ameghinomya antiqua and wedge shell Donax hanleyanus. It is also presented information on species of potential interest: clams Eurhomalea exhalbida and Pitar rostratus, half naked pen shell Atrina seminuda, 'geoduck' Panopea abbreviata, razor shells Solen tehuelchus, Ensis macha, Tagelus plebeius, and flat oyster Ostrea puelchana. Gastropods considered are: volutids Adelomelon (Pachycymbiola) brasiliana, Adelomelon (Pachycymbiola) ancilla, Adelomelon beckii, Zidona dufresnei and Odontocymbiola magellanica, small gastropods (families Nassariidae, Muricidae, Buccinidae and Olividae) and limpets and keyhole limpets (families Patellidae and Fissurellidae).
    Description: Lasta, M.L.; Ciocco, N.F.; Bremec, C.; Roux, A. 1998. Moluscos bivalvos y gasteropodos. En: Boschi, E.E.; ed. Los moluscos de interés pesquero. Cultivos y estrategias reproductivas de bivalvos y equinoideos. Mar del Plata: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, (El Mar Argentino y sus recursos pesqueros, 2) p.115-142.
    Description: Published
    Description: Mollusca, bivalvia, gastropoda, Mytilus edulis platensis, Aulocomya ater, Aequipecten tehuelchus, Zygochlamys patagonica, Mesodesma mactroides, Amiantis purpurata, Ameghinomya antiqua, Donax hanleyanus, mejillón, berberecho, cholga, navaja, navajuela, ostra, caracol, distribución geográfica, ecología, historia de vida, revisión bibliográfica, recursos potenciales, moluscos marinos
    Keywords: Life history ; Ecology ; Geographical distribution ; Marine molluscs ; Potential resources ; Life history ; Ecology ; Geographical distribution ; Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (Argentina)
    Description: Tesis (Doctorado). Copia en PDF: portada, índice, resumen, referencias bibliográficas. Copia impresa en Biblioteca UNMdP (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata)
    Description: Uca uruguayensis, Cangrejo violinista, Ecología, densidad, distribución, conducta reproductiva, relaciones interespecíficas, abundancia, relaciones tróficas, predación, condiciones ambientales, sedimentos
    Keywords: Distribution ; Reproductive behaviour ; Ecology ; Predation ; Density ; Environmental conditions ; Ecology ; Density ; Distribution ; Reproductive behaviour ; Interspecific relationships ; Abundance ; Trophic relationships ; Predation ; Environmental conditions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations
    Format: 128
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El sector pesquero de la I y II Regiones, comprende un importante segmento de la economía nacional, contribuyendo fuertemente con el empleo en las zonas costeras y al abastecimiento de materia prima. En esta macrozona la pesca está representada por dos sectores: industrial y artesanal y a su vez está constituída por tres segmentos principales de recursos: pesquerías bentónicas, pesquerías de peces y recolección de algas. Dada la importancia de la actividad extractiva artesanal e industrial en la franja de las 5 millas de la I y II Regiones, en el presente informe se describe y analiza la actividad extractiva de las principales pesquerías. Además se entrega una completa revisión de los principales antecedentes eco-pesqueros del litoral de las regiones I y II, los cuales en conjunto con la información generada en el marco del proyecto, permitió generar una base de información georreferenciada, actualizada e integrada, para la franja de las 5 millas.
    Description: Fondo de Investigación Pesquera (FIP)
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fishery resources ; Artisanal fishing ; Coastal zone ; Ecology ; Fishery resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 490 pp
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  • 11
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    Conservation InternationalInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is designed to safeguard the world's threatened biodiversity hotspots in developing countries. It is a joint initiative of Conservation International (CI), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF supports projects in hotspots, areas with more than 60 percent of the Earth’s terrestrial species in just 1.4 percent of its land surface. A fundamental purpose of CEPF is to ensure that civil society is engaged in efforts to conserve biodiversity in the hotspots. An additional purpose is to ensure that those efforts complement existing strategies and frameworks established by local, regional and national governments. CEPF aims to promote working alliances among community groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government, academic institutions and the private sector, combining unique capacities and eliminating duplication of efforts for a comprehensive approach to conservation. CEPF is unique among funding mechanisms in that it focuses on biological areas rather than political boundaries and examines conservation threats on a corridor-wide basis to identify and support a regional, rather than a national, approach to achieving conservation outcomes. Corridors are determined through a process of identifying important species, site and corridor-level conservation outcomes for the hotspot. CEPF targets transboundary cooperation when areas rich in biological value straddle national borders, or in areas where a regional approach will be more effective than a national approach.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Ecology ; Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Coral reefs along the entire coast of Kenya suffered widespread bleaching and mortality of corals during the first half of 1998 (Wilkinson, 1998; Obura, 1999; McClanahan et al., 1999). This status report summarises findings relating specifically to coral bleaching, mortality and effects on benthic community structure. In addition, preliminary results from a number of research projects investigating different aspects of the bleaching event are reported here. In shallow waters, on a per-area basis, most of Kenya’s southern fringing reefs have lost between 66% and 80% of their live corals. Coral reefs in deeper water suffered less mortality due to lesser exposure to higher temperatures. Reefs on the northern part of the coast, influenced by cold water currents from Somalia, also suffered less mortality of corals. Coral recruitment appears to be low on Kenyan reefs except for some minor shallow patch reefs. It is likely that alterations in reef ecology due to overfishing (McClanahan & Muthiga, 1988) and consequent rapid growth of fleshy algae may have delaying effects on coral and reef recovery. Effects of the coral mortality on other components of the reef community, such as on algae, invertebrates and fish are only just beginning to be noticed, 1.5 years after the bleaching event. These components are the subject of ongoing research in an integrated study of the Mombasa Marine Park by scientists at the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Ecotourism promises to be of one of the the main tourist growth areas in Egypt following the current interest in new tourist activities and the development of infrastructures, such as airports, hotels, and roads to facilitate and encourage tourist visits to Egyptian deserts, hills, and coastal regions.
    Keywords: Tourism ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Even though Mozambique has the greatest reported diversity of butterflyfishes (24 species) of the continental states of the Western Indian Ocean region, aspects of the ecology and distribution of this group in Mozambique are poorly documented. The distribution, diversity and community structure of butterflyfishes were studied on nine reefs in southern Mozambique using the point count method. Nineteen species from four genera were identified. Three with generalist feeding habits (i.e. Chaetodon auriga, C. guttatissimus and C. interruptus) were the most abundant with a wide distribution range. The butterflyfish communities of intertidal reefs at Inhaca Island differed from those of the offshore, subtidal reefs, as shown by uni- and multivariate analysis of abundance and diversity data. This is attributed to differences in habitat structure and food availability. However, most species occurred on both reef types. The butterflyfish diversity of the area is considered high and comparable to other high latitude reef areas in the world. These results emphasize the high biodiversity of the region and constitutes a latitudinal biodiversity peak. These findings also highlight the need for effective conservation measures.
    Description: Published
    Description: C. interruptus;butterflyfish
    Keywords: Mozambique ; Chaetodon auriga ; Chaetodon guttatissimus ; Chaetodontidae ; Distribution ; Community diversity ; Distribution ; Fish ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 15
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    Alexandria : National Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Description: Three shallow reef sites were investigated during four seasons Autumn, 2003, Winter, Spring and Summer, 2004) off the Marine Biological Station at Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. Thirty-eight scleractinian coral species were recorded at the studied sites. Generally, Twenty-six species were affected by more than one factor (such as high temperature, solar radiation, sedimentation and algae), while the last twelve species remained healthy. The affected species (26 species) were divided into the following: five species were affected by combination of high temperature and direct exposure to solar radiation during the neap tide, eleven species only were affected by sedimentation and increasing algal cover and ten species were affected by high temperature, solar radiation, sedimentation and algae all together. Coral bleaching and death in some cases were due to these factors. Galaxea fascicularis, Seriatopora hystrix and Millepora dichotoma were partially bleached but recovered during the high tide time within weeks. Few species such as Acropora granulosa, Montipora venosa, Goniastrea pectinata and Porites solida were completely bleached and could not recover but died. Repeated leaching events in the future may expose corals to an increasingly hostile environment.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Algal cover ; Solar radiation ; Sea level ; Sedimentation ; Red Sea ; Sediments ; Coral reefs ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: WIOMSA/MARG-I/2002/01
    Description: This study has been carried out over a period of four months (August, November 2001 and January, March 2002). The study aimed at establishing the magnitude of parasitization in different fish species as well as quantifying the relationship between the parasites and their fish hosts. Fish samples were collected from five main landing beaches: Vanga, Shimoni, Gazi, Mombasa and Kilifi. Fish samples examined for Parasites included: Siganus sutor, Plectorhynchus flavomaculatus, P. Sordidus, Lethrinus nebulosus, Sardinella gibosa, Scarus horrid, Sellar crumenophthalmus, Rastrelliger kanarguta, Parupeneus indicus, Mugil cephalus, Scombromorus commerson, Epinephelus macrospilas, Thunnus sp, Leptoscarus viagensis, L. sordidus and Hemiramphus far. Fish samples were purchased from fishermen who used a variety of fishing gears mainly gillnets, traps (madema), hand lines and cast nets. Results of this study have revealed that out of the 16 fish species examined, only 8 species were infected with parasites. These were the rabit fish (Siganus sutor), the mackerels (Selar crumenophthalmus, Scormbromorus commerson and Ratrelliger Kanarguta), Parrot Fish (Leptoscarus vagiensis,), the sardine (Sardinella gibosa), the tuna (Thunnus sp,), and the needle fish (Hemiramphus far). Of the eight species, S. sutor was the most heavily infected with helminth parasites while Sardinella and Leptoscarus were the main species infected with ectoparasites. Intensity of infection increased with age (size) especially in Siganus sutor where very young fish were rarely infected while adults were heavily infected (P〈0.01).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Parasites ; Commercial species ; Ecology ; Parasites
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Thèse pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université de Bretagne Occidentale spécialité océanologie biologique
    Description: RESUME: Les eaux océaniques mauritaniennes sont au carrefour d'eaux froides et salées provenant du Nord, et d'autres chaudes et moins salées du Sud. L'interaction de ces eaux est à l'origine d'un régime hydrologique à 4 saisons: une saison froide de janvier à mai, une saison de transition froide-chaude de juin à juillet, une saison chaude d'août à octobre et enfin une saison de transition chaude – froide de novembre à décembre. La présente étude met en relation ces variations hydrologiques saisonnières, la distribution et la biologie de Mustelus mustelus. La distribution spatiale et temporelle de M. mustelus sur le plateau continental mauritanien a été suivie en analysant les données récoltées au cours de 20 campagnes de prospections scientifiques, 13 hauturières et 7 côtières, réparties sur les 4 saisons hydrologiques qui caractérisent cette zone géographique. La population d'émissoles est concentrée au Nord du Cap Timiris. L'espèce ne semble pas effectuer de migration latitudinale, mais un déplacement côte - large et inversement a été mis en évidence. Durant la saison froide, cette espèce à affinité tropicale est repoussée vers la côte, dans la Baie du Lévrier et le Nord Est du Banc d'Arguin par les basses températures venant du Nord qui persistent sur le plateau continental mauritanien de janvier à mai. Ce sont surtout les mâles matures qui rejoignent alors, pour l'accouplement, les femelles, de distribution plus côtière. Entre juin et octobre, avec le réchauffement des eaux, les mâles commencent à se déplacer vers des eaux plus profondes. Mais dès le début du refroidissement, un nouveau mouvement vers la côte s'amorce. Un échantillonnage mensuel des débarquements de la Pêche Artisanale a permis de collecter, en 2 ans, 2510 séries de données individuelles exploitées pour les études de l'alimentation, de la reproduction et de la croissance. L'étude des contenus stomacaux n'a pas montré de différence significative entre les femelles et les mâles, l'analyse a été faite sans distinction des sexes. Le nombre d'estomacs vides est de 10,3 % des estomacs examinés. La distribution Nord de M. mustelus pourrait être liée à l'abondance des principales proies de l'espèce, les bernard-l'hermites (Anomoures). En effet, ces proies qui seraient abondantes dans sa zone de répartition sont dominantes aussi bien en termes de nombre que de poids et d'occurrence dans les contenus des estomacs examinés. Les proies secondaires sont des Poissons, des Mollusques et des Annélides. Ainsi, l'émissole serait une espèce opportuniste qui se nourrit principalement de proies les plus vulnérables et accessoirement de proies de capture plus difficiles. L'étude du régime alimentaire chez l'émissole lisse en Mauritanie témoigne d'un comportement en rapport étroit avec le fond. La distribution différentielle des deux sexes influence le sex ratio qui est en faveur des femelles dans la zone côtière et des mâles dans la zone hauturière. La taille de première maturité sexuelle de M. mustelus en Mauritanie est de 67 cm pour les mâles et 72 cm pour les femelles. Chez les femelles, l'activité vitellogénique est continue et dure toute l'année chez les femelles matures (y compris gestantes) sauf en période de fécondation, période pendant laquelle elle est arrêtée. Le nombre d'ovocytes vitellogèniques de grand diamètre (supérieur ou égal à 10 mm) atteint un maximum en mai dans l'unique ovaire droit présent chez les émissoles lisses. La chute de leur nombre dans l'ovaire en juin et juillet annonce l'ovulation. Les mâles s'accouplent avec les femelles entre janvier et mai; les spermatozoïdes sont alors stockés dans le tiers inférieur des glandes nidamentaires jusqu'à la période de fécondation (juillet-août). L'organogenèse dure jusqu'aux mois d'octobre – novembre; elle aboutit alors à des embryons qui ressemblent morphologiquement aux adultes, au-delà de ces mois, le développement embryonnaire se limite à une augmentation de taille et de poids. Les embryons sortent de leurs capsules, les réserves vitellines se résorbent et sont remplacées par le placenta. Chez les femelles, la durée de la gestation est de 7 à 10 mois. Les femelles commencent à mettre bas à partir de février, la parturition se poursuit jusqu'en juin, mois pendant lequel les rares femelles encore gestantes mettent bas. A la naissance les juvéniles ont des tailles comprises entre 240 et 320 mm. La fécondité utérine maximale observée au cours de cette étude est 13 embryons; la moyenne est de 4 embryons par portée. Les bandes de croissances observées dans des coupes de vertèbres de femelles de 45 à 99 cm et de mâles de 50 à 85 cm de longueur totale ont été utilisées pour l'estimation de l'âge des poissons. Les données d'âge et de longueur ont permis d'établir les équations de croissances selon les modèles de Von Bertalanffy et de Holden. Ces modèles conduisant à des résultats différents; celui de Von Bertalanffy a été retenu en raison de sa flexibilité qui rend son application plus courante dans les pêcheries. Les paramètres de ce modèle sont, pour les femelles K=0,21, L∞=113,4 et t0=-2,03, pour les mâles K=0,26; L∞=91,3 et t0= -2,43. Les femelles ont donc des croissances plus rapides que les mâles et les âges à la première maturité sexuelle sont de 2,6 ans pour les mâles et de 2,8 pour les femelles. #
    Description: ABSTRACT: Mauritanian coastal waters are crossroads between cold and salted northern waters, and warmer and less salted southern waters. The interaction of these waters is at the origin of four hydrological seasons: cold (January to May), cold-to-warm transition (June-July), warm (August to October) and warm-to-cold transition (November-December). The present study connects these seasonal hydrological variations with the distribution and biology of Mustelus mustelus. Spatial and temporal distribution of M. mustelus on the Mauritanian continental shelf was followed while analyzing data collected during 20 scientific campaigns, 13 deep-sea and 7 coastal, distributed over the 4 hydrological seasons which characterize this geographical area. Smoothound sharks population is concentrated North of Cape Timiris. The species does not seem to carry out of latitudinal migration, but a coast to deep sea displacement - and conversely a deep sea to coast - was found. During the cold season, this species with tropical affinity is pushed back towards the coast, in Baie du Lévrier and Northeast of the Banc d’Arguin by cold water temperatures coming from the North which persist on the Mauritanian continental shelf from January to May. Mature males then join, for the coupling, females, which are of more coastal distribution. Between June and October, with the reheating of water, males start to move towards deeper water. But from the very start of cooling, a new movement towards the coast starts. A monthly sampling of the artisanal fishery catches made it possible to collect, in 2 years, 2,510 individual specimen data for the study of food, reproduction and growth. The study of stomach contents did not show a significant differences between females and males. The analysis was made regardless of gender. The number of empty stomachs is 10,3 % of the examined stomachs. The Northern distribution of M. mustelus could be related to the abundance of the principal prey species, the hermit crab (Anomoura). Indeed, these preys which would be abundant in its zone of distribution are dominant in terms of number, biomass and occurrence in the contents of the examined stomachs. The secondary preys are of fish, molluscs and annelids. Thus, smoothound shark would be an opportunist species which feeds mainly on the most vulnerable preys and incidentally on more difficult preys of capture. The study of the smoothound shark diet in Mauritania testifies to a behavior in close connection with the bottom. The differential distribution of the two sexes influences the sex ratio which is in favor of females in the coastal zone and males in the deep-sea zone. Size at first sexual maturity of M. mustelus in Mauritania is 67 and 72 cm for males and females, respectively. For females, the vitellogenic activity is continuous year-round for mature females (including gestating ones), except during the period of fecundation. The number of vitellogenic ovocytes of large diameter (greater or equal to 10 mm) reaches a maximum in May in the single right ovary of the smoothound shark. The fall of their number in June and July announces ovulation. Males couple themselves with females between January and May; spermatozoids are then stored in the nidamental glands lower third until the period of fecundation (July-August). Organogenesis lasts until October - November; it then leads to embryos which resemble to the adults morphologically. Afterwards, the embryonic development is limited to an increase in size and weight. The embryos leave their capsules, vitellogenic reserves reabsorb and are replaced by the placenta. Gestation period is 7 to 10 months for females. The females start to put low as from February, parturition continues until June, month during which the rare still gestating females give birth. With birth the youthful ones have sizes ranging between 240 and 320 mm. The maximum observed fecundity during this study is 13 embryos; the average is of 4 embryos per litter. Growth bands observed in cuts of vertebrae on females and males of total length ranging from 45 to 99 cm and from 50 to 85 cm, respectively, were used to estimate fish age. Age and length data made it possible to establish growth equations according to Von Bertalanffy and Holden’s models. These models lead to different results; Von Bertalanffy model was retained because of its flexibility which makes its application more current in fisheries. The parameters of this model are K=0.21, L∞=113.4 for females and t0= -2.03, and K=0.26 L∞=91.3 and t0 = -2.43 for males. The females tend to grow faster than males and the age at the first sexual maturity is 2.6 and 2.8 years for males and females, respectively.
    Description: IMROP
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Mauritania ; Croissance ; Biologie ; Biology ; Physical environment ; Mauritanie ; Ecology ; Fecundity ; Growth ; Emissole lisse ; Alimentation ; Smouthound shark ; Mustelus mustelus ; Fécondité ; Reproduction ; Milieu physique ; Ecologie ; Distribution ; Shark fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cette thèse étudie le problème de la gestion des pêches au sein d’une AMP, en tenant compte du système économique global ainsi que des transformations structurelles qui affectent celui ci, et en diversifiant les critères de gestion. Le cas d’étude est la RBDS (Sénégal). Une enquête de terrain montre que la population de cette localité diversifie ses activités essentiellement entre l’agriculture, la pêche et le tourisme. Une analyse économétrique indique que la démographie, la sécheresse et la baisse du prix de l’arachide sur le marché mondial sont les principales causes de la crise agricole dans la région. Cette crise favorise la diversification vers la pêche. Un modèle théorique étudiant ce processus montre qu’il conduit la pêche à l’équilibre de libre accès. Le chômage et /ou l’émigration se développent. Un second modèle montre que le développement d’une nouvelle activité basé sur un usage non extractif des ressources naturelles telle que l’écotourisme, permet de lutter contre le chômage et de générer une rente positive même si la rente halieutique est totalement dissipée. Un troisième modèle indique que la création de nouvelles réserves, telles qu’envisagées dans la RBDS, peut, dans certaines circonstances, développer l’emploi à la pêche, améliorer la conservation des ressources et favoriser le développement de l’écotourisme.
    Description: aire marine protégées, gestion des pêches, écotourisme, ressource naturelle, développement économique ; diversification, Delta du Saloum, pêche artisanale, agriculture, sécheresse,
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Fishery management ; Ecology ; Tourism ; Fishery resources ; Marine environment ; Fishery management ; Ecology ; Tourism ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations
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  • 19
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    Unknown
    National Institute of Oceanograhy and Fisheries (NIOF)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Diel vertical migration of different zooplankton groups in Dekhaila Harbor was studied monthly from May 2003 to April 2004. Generally, more groups were found in the surface layer (0-10 m.) than the deeper one (10-20 m.). Some zooplankton groups undergo significant vertical migration at certain time of the year, others showed no clear differences in distribution patterns and exhibited no directed movement patterns. Some species stayed a part of the day within certain layer of the water column, others were randomly dispersed in the whole water column during different hours. Responses appear to depend also on the life stages of each zooplankton group, as well as other ecological conditions such as temperature, light and amount of food. Population budget indicates that the abundance of some groups was greater at the morning time, others at the sunset time. While the noon time often showed lower density. The time of the day which showed the lowest count of each group is known as the day deficit, which is probably due to diel horizontal migrations.
    Description: استهدف البحث دراسة الهجرة الرأسية اليومية لمجتمع الهائمات الحيوانية في ميناء الدخيلة الذي يقع داخل خليج المكس على ساحل البحر المتوسط غرب الإسكندرية , حيث أجريت هذه الدراسة على عينات شهرية جمعت لمدة عام في الفترة من مايو 2003 إلي إبريل 2004 من عمقين 0-10 ,10-20متر كل ساعتين خلال ساعات النهار و ذلك من محطة ثابتة . و قد تميز مجتمع الهائمات الحيوانية بكثافة عالية في الطبقة العليا0-10م أكبر من الطبقة العميقة 10-20م و يرجع ذلك إلي زيادة شدة الأستضاءة و التركيز العالي للكلوروفيل في هذه الطبقة و بينت بعض المجاميع هجرة رأسية واضحة في وقت معين من العام بينما لم تبد أخري أي نوع من الهجرة الرأسية. كما أن بعض الأنواع تركزت في وقت معين من النهار في طبقة معينة من الماء بينما تواجدت أنواع أخري على عمق معين طوال ساعات النهار المختلفة و يعزي ذلك إلي الاختلاف في كمية الضوء و درجة الحرارة . كما أظهرت بعض هذه الكائنات كثافة عالية خلال ساعات الصباح و البعض الآخر عند ساعات الغروب بينما كان وقت الظهيرة غالبا يمثل الكثافة المنخفضة . وكذلك فقد دلت النتائج على وجود وقت معين من النهار تكون فيه كثافة كل مجموعة أقل ما يمكن و علل ذلك بسبب الهجرة الأفقية اليومية , كما أبدت بعض المجاميع توزيعا معين اعتمد على المرحلة العمرية لها و أيضا على الظروف البيئية السائدة مثل الحرارة و الضوء و كمية الغذاء الموجود بالماء. وعموما فقد اعتمدت الهجرة الرأسية لكل كائن على سرعته والاختلافات الفسيولوجية بين الأجيال المختلفة.
    Description: The Chief Editor: Prof. Fatma Aly Abd El-Razek E-mail: fatma_abdelrazek@hotmail.com
    Description: Published
    Description: Ecological factors, Diel migration
    Keywords: Hydrobiology ; Zooplankton ; Vertical migrations ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Historic environmental, faunal, floral and socioeconomic data of Gazi Bay in coastal Kenya were collated and integrated into a GIS environment and data of impacts due to various factors were then related to remotely sensed data. Rhizophora mucronata, a valuable mangrove species, was investigated. Very low values of basal area (7.7 m2/ha and 4.9 m2/ha) and complexity indices (1.86 and 1.12) at Makongeni and Kinondo 1, respectively, reflected intense human pressure in these areas. Areas that were easily accessible or close to human settlements appeared more vulnerable. Accrued information from a socioeconomic survey carried out over the same period corroborates the hypothesis that human influence was a major contributor to these changes. Historic aerial photographs together with satellite imagery indicate less than 20% decrease in coverage of R. mucronata between 1965 and 1992, but an increase of almost 35% in sand cover over the same period. The approach that was used in this study, one largely unprecedented in the East African region, was useful in drawing the conclusion that human influence was the most probable trigger of the observed changes.
    Description: Published
    Description: floral; socioeconomic;Rhizophora mucronata
    Keywords: Environmental impact ; Ecology ; Environmental monitoring ; Mangroves ; Fauna ; Satellite imagery
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Résumé : Après avoir exposé les connaissances sur la distribution géographique du crabe profond (Geryon maritae) dans les eaux mauritaniennes et abordé quelques aspects de son écologie, ce travail s’est intéressé à la biologie de l’espèce (croissance, sex-ratio, période de ponte et fécondité).
    Description: Abstract: Having reviewed what is known of the geographic distribution of the deep crab (Geryon maritae) in Mauritanian waters, and outlined some aspects of its ecology, this paper cowhides the biological parameters of this species (growth, sex-ratio, spawning period and fecundity).
    Description: IMROP
    Description: Published
    Description: Mauritanie, Crabe profond, Ecologie, Geryon maritae, Distribution géographique, Paramètres biologiques
    Keywords: Biological data ; Ecology ; Geographical distribution ; Crab culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 22
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    Unknown
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006
    Description: Marine thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates likely play an important role in the consumption of primary productivity and in the trophic structure of the plankton, yet we know little about these species. This thesis expanded our understanding of the autecology and evolutionary history of the Protoperidinium and diplopsalids. The distributions of Protoperidinium species off the southwestern coast of Ireland were influenced by physical oceanographic conditions coupled with the availability of preferred prey. The distributions of individual Protoperidinium species varied widely from the distribution of total Protoperidinium, indicating differences in ecologies among species. Certain species of Protoperidinium co-occurred with known preferred phytoplankton prey species. Concentrations of other Protoperidinium species were not related to those of any particular phytoplankton species, indicating that these Protoperidinium may rely on phytoplankton or other food sources beyond those already known, may not be species specific selective feeders, or may have become uncoupled from their preferred prey. The description of the sexual and asexual life history of Protoperidinium steidingerae provided the first account of the life history of any Protoperidinium species. Asexual division occurred by eleutheroschisis within a temporary, immotile cyst, yielding two daughter cells. Daughter cells were initially round and half to two-thirds the size of parent cells, then rapidly increased in size, forming horns before separating. Sexual reproduction was constitutive in clonal cultures, indicating that the species may be homothallic. Fusing gametes were isogamous, and resulted in a planozygote with two longitudinal flagella. Hypnozygotes had a mandatory dormancy period of ca. 70 days. Germination resulted in planomeiocytes with two longitudinal flagella. Nuclear cyclosis may occur in the planomeiocyte stage. A high level of morphological diversity among life history stages of P. steidingerae has led to mis-classification and taxonomic inaccuracy of Protoperidinium species identified from field samples. The large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) molecular phylogeny of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates revealed that the genus Protoperidinium appeared to be recently diverged within the dinoflagellates. In maximum parsimony and neighbor joining analysis, Protoperidinium formed a monophyletic group, evolving from diplopsalid dinoflagellates. In maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, however, Protoperidinium was polyphyletic, as the lenticular, diplopsalid heterotroph, Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh, was inserted within the Protoperidinium clade basal to Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech, and Preperidinium meunieri (Pavillard) Elbrächter fell within a separate clade as a sister to the Oceanica section and Protoperidinium steidingerae Balech. In all analyses, the Protoperidinium were divided into two major clades, with members in the Oceanica group and subgenus Testeria in one clade, and the Excentrica, Conica, Pellucida, Pyriforme, and Divergens sections in another clade. The LSU rDNA molecular phylogeny supported the historical morphologically determined sections, but not a simple morphology-based model of evolution based on thecal plate shape. LSU rDNA gene sequences are frequently used to infer the phylogeny of organisms. The many copies of the LSU rDNA found in the genome are thought to be kept homogenous by concerted evolution. In Protoperidinium species, however, there was high intragenomic diversity in the D1-D6 region of the LSU rDNA. For each species, the clone library was usually comprised of one highly represented copy and many unique sequences. Sequence differences were primarily characterized by single base pair substitutions, single base pair insertion/deletions (indels), and/or large indels. Phylogenetic analysis of all clones gave strong support for monophyly of the polymorphic copies of each species, and recovered the same species tree as an analysis using just one sequence per species. Analysis of LSU rDNA gene expression in three species by RT-PCR indicated that copies with fewer substitutions and fewer and smaller indels are expressed, and that 50% or more of the copies are pseudogenes. High intraspecific and intraindividual LSU rDNA sequence variability could lead to inaccurate species phylogenies and over-estimation of species diversity in environmental sequencing studies. This thesis has explored the ecology, life history, molecular phylogeny, and intraspecific DNA sequence variability of marine thecate heterotrohic dinoflagellates using a wide range of methodologies, including field sampling, culturing, microscopy, morphological analyses, histological staining, and molecular biology. The work here has broadened our understanding of the Protoperidinium and diplopsalids, providing new insights into the ecological and evolutionary relationships of these heterotrophs with other plankton species.
    Description: This thesis could not have taken its current form without the financial freedom allowed me by Gary Comer’s generous gift six years ago. Additional financial support was provided by the Carroll Wilson Award from the MIT Entrepreneurship Society, the Cove Point Foundation, and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0136861.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Dinoflagellates
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June, 1980
    Description: Eastern mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta) in densities of zero, six or twelve snails were placed in flow-through-laboratory microcosms (765 cm2) and incubated for five weeks. Other tanks were raked daily to a depth of 10 mm. Grazing by low densities of snails significantly increased chlorophyll standing stock, respiration and gross photosynthesis as measured by light and dark exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide compared to untreated tanks. The standing stocks of algal pigments, respiration and photosynthesis were depressed in the microcosms which received the 12-snail or the raking treatments. Simulating snail excretion by fertilization with ammonium increased chlorophyll standing stock by a similar magnitude, but this effect could be inhibited by raking the sediments daily. At low densities Ilyanassa's acceleration of nutrient cycling stimulates algal growth, but this effect is overwhelmed at higher densities by overgrazing and stirring inhibition. The dominant benthic algal group in the containers were pennate diatoms. Grazed containers contained a larger percentage of the non-motile classes of diatoms, as compared to the motile forms which predominated in the untreated microcosms. The snails are able to selectively graze these mobile species. Their gut contents are enriched in carbon. nitrogen and algal pigment content by 20-40 times over the surface sediments. A small, non-significant, growth effect can be seen in the snails' response to density changes, but another marsh consumer, Fundulus heteroclitus, grows faster at low snail densities when snails are absent.
    Description: Financial support for my research was provided by the WHOI Education Department, the Pew Memorial Trust and the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant 04-8-MOI-149 and 04-7-158-44104.
    Keywords: Marine ecology ; Fishes ; Ecology ; Growth ; Diatoms ; Benthos
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 192 (2006): 449-459, doi:10.1007/s00359-005-0085-2.
    Description: Signal source intensity and detection range, which integrates source intensity with propagation loss, background noise and receiver hearing abilities, are important characteristics of communication signals. Apparent source levels were calculated for 819 pulsed calls and 24 whistles produced by free-ranging resident killer whales by triangulating the angles-of-arrival of sounds on two beamforming arrays towed in series. Levels in the 1-20 kHz band ranged from 131-168 dB re 1μPa @1m, with differences in the means of different sound classes (whistles: 140.2 ± 4.1 dB; variable calls: 146.6 ± 6.6 dB; stereotyped calls: 152.6 ± 5.9 dB), and among stereotyped call types. Repertoire diversity carried through to estimates of active space, with “long-range” stereotyped calls all containing overlapping, independently-modulated high-frequency components (mean estimated active space of 10-16km in sea state zero) and “short-range” sounds (5-9 km) included all stereotyped calls without a high-frequency component, whistles, and variable calls. Short-range sounds are reported to be more common during social and resting behaviors, while long-range stereotyped calls predominate in dispersed travel and foraging behaviors. These results suggest that variability in sound pressure levels may reflect diverse social and ecological functions of the acoustic repertoire of killer whales.
    Description: Funding was provided by WHOI’s Ocean Ventures Fund and Rinehart Coastal Research Center and a Royal Society fellowship.
    Keywords: Communication ; Ecology ; Whistle ; Pulsed call ; Repertoire
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 53 (2006): 451-458, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.019.
    Description: A decade long Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP) was conducted as the final element of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). The SMP goal was to synthesize knowledge gained from field studies into a set of models that reflect our current understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle. Specific, innovative aspects of the project included the close partnership among scientists conducting field, laboratory, remote sensing, and numerical research and the strong emphasis on data management and web-based, public release of models and data products. Several recurrent science themes arose across the SMP effort including: the development of a new generation of ocean ecosystem and biogeochemistry models that include iron limitation, flexible elemental composition, size structure, geochemical functional groups and particle composition; the application of inverse models and data assimilation techniques to marine food-web data; the creation of whole-ocean synthesis products from the JGOFS global CO2 survey and other studies; and the analysis and modeling of ecosystem and biogeochemical responses to climate and CO2 system perturbations on time-scales ranging from seasonal and interannual variability to anthropogenic climate warming and longer.
    Description: The U.S. JGOFS SMP management effort was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF/NCAR 97-142 and NSF OCE-0335589).
    Keywords: Marine ; Biogeochemistry ; Ecology ; Modeling
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Systematic and Applied Microbiology 31 (2008): 258-268, doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2008.08.004.
    Description: Thirty years have passed since Carl Woese proposed three primary domains of life based on the phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA genes. Adopted by researchers worldwide, ribosomal RNA has become the “gold-standard” for molecular taxonomy, biodiversity analysis and the identification of microorganisms. The more than 700,000 rRNA sequences in public databases constitute an unprecedented hallmark of the richness of microbial biodiversity on earth. The International Workshop on Ribosomal RNA Technology convened on April 7-9, 2008 in Bremen, Germany (http://www.arb-silva.de/rrna-workshop) to summarize the current status of the field and strategize on the best ways of proceeding on both biological and technological fronts. In five sessions, 26 leading international speakers and ~120 participants representing diverse disciplines discussed new technological approaches to address three basic ecological questions: “Who is out there?” “How many are there?” and “What are they doing?”
    Description: The workshop was a joint collaborative effort of the Max Planck Institute in Bremen and the Ribocon GmbH Bremen, the Technical University Munich, the International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM) and the European Census of Marine Life (EuroCoML). The workshop was further sponsored by the Operon and BioCat biotechnology companies.
    Keywords: Ribosomal RNA ; Workshop proceedings ; Databases ; Phylogeny ; Biogeography ; Technology ; Diversity ; Ecology
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 58-43, series later renamed WHOI- .
    Description: During the summers of 1956 and 1957 an investigation was made of certain ecological relations involving light in Duck Pond, Wellfleet, Massachusetts, because of the unusually high clarity of the water. The maximum transparency observed (extinction coefficient, k = 0.11) was far greater than most ponds and about equal to that in the slope water beyond the continental shelf off the Atlantic coast. The illumination reaching the bottom of the pond at 18 m was 11% of the surface light and made possible a thick growth of Sphagnum at that depth. Phytoplankton was scarce and consisted mostly of minute forms. The zooplankton, which ranged in abundance up to 78 organisms per liter, consisted almost entirely of one species of copepod, Diaptomus minutus Lillj. Quantitative sampling of this population by means of a pump at a series of depths and at various hours of the day revealed a partial migration of this species from near the bottom to the surface at sunset on one occasion, but no large fraction of the population carried out a vertical migration on 4 other sunset periods or 2 sunrise periods subsequently studied. On certain of these occasions, however, there was a slight but detectib1e movement of the animals toward the surface at sunset followed by a redistribution to deeper levels. At sunrise the animals showed a tendency to move at first toward the surface and then away from it, although on one occasion the population remained quite evenly distributed at all levels. It is pointed out that because of the high transparency those zooplankters living in the pond are able to withstand high illumination at all depths. Relations between the extreme water clarity and the activities of the zooplankton, as well as other unusual features of the pond are discussed.
    Description: Work supported by funds from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 3838
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Vertical distribution ; Ecology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: From the Foreward: This book is one of a series of volumes reporting results of research by U. S. scientists participating in the International Biological Program (IBP). As one of the 58 nations taking part in the IBP during the period July 1967 to June 1974 , the United States organized a number of large, multidisciplinary studies pertinent to the central IBP theme of "the biological basis of productivity and human welfare."
    Description: Direct financial support of the Biome-wide program was derived from three major sources: the National Science Foundation, the State of Alaska and the petroleum industry through the University of Alaska. The NSF funding was under the joint sponsorship of the U. S. Arctic Research Program (Division of Polar Programs) and the U. S. International Biological Program (Ecosystem Analysis). The Army Research Office and the Department of Energy (previously AEC and ERDA) both contributed funded projects to the Program. Industry support was provided through unrestricted grants from: Atlantic Richfield Company, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, BP Alaska, Inc. Cities Service Company, Exxon Company, USA (Humble Oil and Refining Company), Gulf Oil Corporation , Marathon Oil Company, Mobil Oil Company, Prudhoe Bay Environmental Subcommittee of the Alaska Oil and Gas Association, Shell Oil Company, Standard Oil Company of California, Standard Oil (Indiana) Foundation Inc., and Sun Oil Company.
    Keywords: Tundra ecology ; Coastal ecology ; Ecology ; Barrow, Alaska
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1034-5. doi: 10.1038/4511034b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Antelopes/physiology ; China ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Fraud ; *Photography/standards ; *Railroads ; Tibet
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: Magnani et al. present a very strong correlation between mean lifetime net ecosystem production (NEP, defined as the net rate of carbon (C) accumulation in ecosystems) and wet nitrogen (N) deposition. For their data in the range 4.9-9.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), on which the correlation largely depends, the response is approximately 725 kg C per kg N in wet deposition. According to the authors, the maximum N wet deposition level of 9.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) is equivalent to a total deposition of 15 kg N ha(-1 )yr(-1), implying a net sequestration near 470 kg C per kg N of total deposition. We question the ecological plausibility of the relationship and show, from a multi-factor analysis of European forest measurements, how interactions with site productivity and environment imply a much smaller NEP response to N deposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vries, Wim -- Solberg, Svein -- Dobbertin, Matthias -- Sterba, Hubert -- Laubhahn, Daniel -- Reinds, Gert Jan -- Nabuurs, Gert-Jan -- Gundersen, Per -- Sutton, Mark A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):E1-3; discussion E3-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06579.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. wim.devries@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Trees/metabolism
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harte, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1033. doi: 10.1038/4541033e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds/physiology ; Ecology ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Models, Biological
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Given the difficulty of testing evolutionary and ecological theory in situ, in vitro model systems are attractive alternatives; however, can we appraise whether an experimental result is particular to the in vitro model, and, if so, characterize the systems likely to behave differently and understand why? Here we examine these issues using the relationship between phenotypic diversity and resource input in the T7-Escherichia coli co-evolving system as a case history. We establish a mathematical model of this interaction, framed as one instance of a super-class of host-parasite co-evolutionary models, and show that it captures experimental results. By tuning this model, we then ask how diversity as a function of resource input could behave for alternative co-evolving partners (for example, E. coli with lambda bacteriophages). In contrast to populations lacking bacteriophages, variation in diversity with differences in resources is always found for co-evolving populations, supporting the geographic mosaic theory of co-evolution. The form of this variation is not, however, universal. Details of infectivity are pivotal: in T7-E. coli with a modified gene-for-gene interaction, diversity is low at high resource input, whereas, for matching-allele interactions, maximal diversity is found at high resource input. A combination of in vitro systems and appropriately configured mathematical models is an effective means to isolate results particular to the in vitro system, to characterize systems likely to behave differently and to understand the biology underpinning those alternatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forde, Samantha E -- Beardmore, Robert E -- Gudelj, Ivana -- Arkin, Sinan S -- Thompson, John N -- Hurst, Laurence D -- G0802611/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):220-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07152.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage T7/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecology ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*virology ; Genetic Variation ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Virulence/genetics
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2008-12-05
    Description: In theoretical ecology, simple stochastic models that satisfy two basic conditions about the distribution of niche values and feeding ranges have proved successful in reproducing the overall structural properties of real food webs, using species richness and connectance as the only input parameters. Recently, more detailed models have incorporated higher levels of constraint in order to reproduce the actual links observed in real food webs. Here, building on previous stochastic models of consumer-resource interactions between species, we propose a highly parsimonious model that can reproduce the overall bipartite structure of cooperative partner-partner interactions, as exemplified by plant-animal mutualistic networks. Our stochastic model of bipartite cooperation uses simple specialization and interaction rules, and only requires three empirical input parameters. We test the bipartite cooperation model on ten large pollination data sets that have been compiled in the literature, and find that it successfully replicates the degree distribution, nestedness and modularity of the empirical networks. These properties are regarded as key to understanding cooperation in mutualistic networks. We also apply our model to an extensive data set of two classes of company engaged in joint production in the garment industry. Using the same metrics, we find that the network of manufacturer-contractor interactions exhibits similar structural patterns to plant-animal pollination networks. This surprising correspondence between ecological and organizational networks suggests that the simple rules of cooperation that generate bipartite networks may be generic, and could prove relevant in many different domains, ranging from biological systems to human society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saavedra, Serguei -- Reed-Tsochas, Felix -- Uzzi, Brian -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):463-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07532. Epub 2008 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Ecology ; *Food Chain ; *Models, Biological ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Stochastic Processes ; Symbiosis
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: Plant domestication is an outstanding example of plant-animal co-evolution and is a far richer model for studying evolution than is generally appreciated. There have been numerous studies to identify genes associated with domestication, and archaeological work has provided a clear understanding of the dynamics of human cultivation practices during the Neolithic period. Together, these have provided a better understanding of the selective pressures that accompany crop domestication, and they demonstrate that a synthesis from the twin vantage points of genetics and archaeology can expand our understanding of the nature of evolutionary selection that accompanies domestication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purugganan, Michael D -- Fuller, Dorian Q -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):843-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, 100 Washington Square East, New York University, New York 10003, USA. mp132@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics/*physiology ; Culture ; Ecology ; Genome, Plant ; Humans ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Faculty ; *Fires ; *Forestry ; Information Dissemination ; Oregon ; *Publishing ; Trees ; *Universities/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: A new species of African monkey, Lophocebus kipunji, was described in 2005 based on observations from two sites in Tanzania. We have since obtained a specimen killed by a farmer on Mount Rungwe, the type locality. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analyses of this specimen demonstrate that the genus Lophocebus is diphyletic. We provide a description of a new genus of African monkey and of the only preserved specimen of this primate. We also present information on the animal's ecology and conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davenport, Tim R B -- Stanley, William T -- Sargis, Eric J -- De Luca, Daniela W -- Mpunga, Noah E -- Machaga, Sophy J -- Olson, Link E -- RR-16466-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1378-81. Epub 2006 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Conservation Society, Southern Highlands Conservation Programme, Post Office Box 1475, Mbeya, Tanzania. tdavenport@wcs.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecinae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Male ; Tanzania
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ellis, Erle C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Humans ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Rural Population
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Welfare ; Ecology ; *Environment ; *Environmental Health ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1514-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Arctic Regions ; *Cold Climate ; Ecology ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *International Cooperation ; Oceanography ; *Research
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: In this millennium, global drylands face a myriad of problems that present tough research, management, and policy challenges. Recent advances in dryland development, however, together with the integrative approaches of global change and sustainability science, suggest that concerns about land degradation, poverty, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting the culture of 2.5 billion people can be confronted with renewed optimism. We review recent lessons about the functioning of dryland ecosystems and the livelihood systems of their human residents and introduce a new synthetic framework, the Drylands Development Paradigm (DDP). The DDP, supported by a growing and well-documented set of tools for policy and management action, helps navigate the inherent complexity of desertification and dryland development, identifying and synthesizing those factors important to research, management, and policy communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, James F -- Smith, D Mark Stafford -- Lambin, Eric F -- Turner, B L 2nd -- Mortimore, Michael -- Batterbury, Simon P J -- Downing, Thomas E -- Dowlatabadi, Hadi -- Fernandez, Roberto J -- Herrick, Jeffrey E -- Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth -- Jiang, Hong -- Leemans, Rik -- Lynam, Tim -- Maestre, Fernando T -- Ayarza, Miguel -- Walker, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):847-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences and Department of Biology, Post Office Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. james.f.reynolds@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Desert Climate ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Soil
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) are renowned for using tools for extractive foraging, but the ecological context of this unusual behavior is largely unknown. We developed miniaturized, animal-borne video cameras to record the undisturbed behavior and foraging ecology of wild, free-ranging crows. Our video recordings enabled an estimate of the species' natural foraging efficiency and revealed that tool use, and choice of tool materials, are more diverse than previously thought. Video tracking has potential for studying the behavior and ecology of many other bird species that are shy or live in inaccessible habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutz, Christian -- Bluff, Lucas A -- Weir, Alex A S -- Kacelnik, Alex -- BB/C517392/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):765. Epub 2007 Oct 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. christian.rutz@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Behavior, Animal ; Crows/*physiology ; Ecology ; Feeding Behavior ; Male ; Miniaturization ; Tool Use Behavior ; *Videotape Recording
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: The biogeographic variation of life has predominantly been studied using taxonomy, but this focus is changing. There is a resurging interest in understanding patterns in the distribution not only of taxa but also of the traits those taxa possess. Patterns of trait variation shed light on fundamental questions in biology, including why organisms live where they do and how they will respond to environmental change. Technological advances such as environmental genomics place microbial ecology in a unique position to move trait-based biogeography forward. We anticipate that as trait-based biogeography continues to evolve, micro- and macroorganisms will be studied in concert, establishing a science that is informed by and relevant to all domains of life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Jessica L -- Bohannan, Brendan J M -- Whitaker, Rachel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1039-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1153475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA. jlgreen@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Plant Physiological Phenomena
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pain, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1516. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Humans ; *Plant Development ; *Research ; *Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illius, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):674; author reply 674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants ; Environment ; *Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: Agents in creative enterprises are embedded in networks that inspire, support, and evaluate their work. Here, we investigate how the mechanisms by which creative teams self-assemble determine the structure of these collaboration networks. We propose a model for the self-assembly of creative teams that has its basis in three parameters: team size, the fraction of newcomers in new productions, and the tendency of incumbents to repeat previous collaborations. The model suggests that the emergence of a large connected community of practitioners can be described as a phase transition. We find that team assembly mechanisms determine both the structure of the collaboration network and team performance for teams derived from both artistic and scientific fields.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2128751/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2128751/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guimera, Roger -- Uzzi, Brian -- Spiro, Jarrett -- Amaral, Luis A Nunes -- K25 GM069546-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):697-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Behavior ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Creativity ; *Drama ; Ecology ; Economics ; Humans ; *Models, Organizational ; Music ; Psychology, Social ; Publishing ; *Research
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ewers, Robert M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):973-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Ecology ; Statistics as Topic
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: The ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), long suspected to be extinct, has been rediscovered in the Big Woods region of eastern Arkansas. Visual encounters during 2004 and 2005, and analysis of a video clip from April 2004, confirm the existence of at least one male. Acoustic signatures consistent with Campephilus display drums also have been heard from the region. Extensive efforts to find birds away from the primary encounter site remain unsuccessful, but potential habitat for a thinly distributed source population is vast (over 220,000 hectares).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitzpatrick, John W -- Lammertink, Martjan -- Luneau, M David Jr -- Gallagher, Tim W -- Harrison, Bobby R -- Sparling, Gene M -- Rosenberg, Kenneth V -- Rohrbaugh, Ronald W -- Swarthout, Elliott C H -- Wrege, Peter H -- Swarthout, Sara Barker -- Dantzker, Marc S -- Charif, Russell A -- Barksdale, Timothy R -- Remsen, J V Jr -- Simon, Scott D -- Zollner, Douglas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1460-2. Epub 2005 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. jwf7@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arkansas ; Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Male ; Video Recording
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paraje, Guillermo -- Sadana, Ritu -- Karam, Ghassan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):959-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Health Organization CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; *Biomedical Research ; China ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Ecology ; *Health ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Korea ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; *Publishing ; *Research ; Social Sciences ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hambler, Clive -- Henderson, Peter A -- Speight, Martin R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):673-4; author reply 673-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15696621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Australia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Elephants ; Environment ; Insects ; Population Density
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilcove, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1422-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dwilcove@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arkansas ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1377.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1372-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Cichlids ; Ecology ; Female ; Finches ; Geography ; Insects ; Lizards ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ojima, Dennis S -- Wall, Diana H -- Moore, John -- Galvin, Kathy -- Hobbs, N T -- Hunt, William H -- Paustian, Keith -- Swift, David -- Boone, Randall B -- Conant, Richard T -- Klein, Julia -- Christensen, Lindsey -- Sankaran, Mahesh -- Ratnam, Jayashree -- Ayres, Ed -- Steltzer, Heidi -- Simmons, Breana -- Williams, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology ; Financing, Government ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; Social Sciences/*economics ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Exotic species are widely assumed to thrive because they lack natural enemies in their new ranges. However, a meta-analysis of 63 manipulative field studies including more than 100 exotic plant species revealed that native herbivores suppressed exotic plants, whereas exotic herbivores facilitated both the abundance and species richness of exotic plants. Both outcomes suggest that plants are especially susceptible to novel, generalist herbivores that they have not been selected to resist. Thus, native herbivores provide biotic resistance to plant invasions, but the widespread replacement of native with exotic herbivores eliminates this ecosystem service, facilitates plant invasions, and triggers an invasional "meltdown."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, John D -- Burkepile, Deron E -- Hay, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. jdp52@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Invertebrates/physiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Vertebrates/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Guangyu -- Innes, John L -- Lei, Jiafu -- Dai, Shuanyou -- Wu, Sara W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1556-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Forestry/economics/methods/trends ; Government Programs ; Ownership ; Public Policy ; *Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Carbon/*analysis ; *Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Ecology ; *Fires ; International Cooperation ; Larix ; Siberia ; *Trees ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):888-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Flight, Animal ; United States ; Video Recording
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jianguo -- Dietz, Thomas -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Alberti, Marina -- Folke, Carl -- Moran, Emilio -- Pell, Alice N -- Deadman, Peter -- Kratz, Timothy -- Lubchenco, Jane -- Ostrom, Elinor -- Ouyang, Zhiyun -- Provencher, William -- Redman, Charles L -- Schneider, Stephen H -- Taylor, William W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1513-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sociology ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Disturbance and deforestation have profound ecological and socioeconomic effects on tropical forests, but their diffuse patterns are difficult to detect and quantify at regional scales. We expanded the Carnegie forest damage detection system to show that, between 1999 and 2005, disturbance and deforestation rates throughout the Peruvian Amazon averaged 632 square kilometers per year and 645 square kilometers per year, respectively. However, only 1 to 2% occurred within natural protected areas, indigenous territories contained only 11% of the forest disturbances and 9% of the deforestation, and recent forest concessions effectively protected against clear-cutting. Although the region shows recent increases in disturbance and deforestation rates and leakage into forests surrounding concession areas, land-use policy and remoteness are serving to protect the Peruvian Amazon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliveira, Paulo J C -- Asner, Gregory P -- Knapp, David E -- Almeyda, Angelica -- Galvan-Gildemeister, Ricardo -- Keene, Sam -- Raybin, Rebecca F -- Smith, Richard C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1233-6. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gpa@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecology ; Forestry ; Peru ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate ; Wood
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):742-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees ; Birds/*physiology ; Ecology ; *Feeding Behavior ; Flight, Animal ; *Models, Biological
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1031-3. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5879.1031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Archaea/*classification/genetics/physiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Terminology as Topic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guest, James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):621-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1155285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK. james.guest@ncl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Mark -- Baker, D James -- Gibbons, John H -- Groat, Charles G -- Kennedy, Donald -- Kennel, Charles F -- Rejeski, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):44-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160192.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Fresh Water ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosten, Sarian -- Lacerot, Gissell -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1265. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1265b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen 6708PG, Netherlands. sarian.kosten@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argentina ; Ecology ; *Wit and Humor as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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