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  • Articles  (759,589)
  • 2005-2009  (759,589)
  • Physics  (759,589)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 Fibrils (2005)
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thin fibrils (usually 20–100 nm in diameter) of ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 have a preferred nucleation and growth in the [001] direction in small particles. X-ray diffraction with the X-ray beam facing the fibril surfaces, which lie along the [001] direction, thus involves reflections of manifested intensity from (100) and (010) planes. No reflection occurs from the perpendicular planes to the [001] fibrils. A transmission electron micrograph with the corresponding electron diffraction from fibrils confers the results of the preferred growth. The fibrils have a modified orthorhombic crystal structure of lattice parameters a=0.4038 nm, b=0.4017 nm, and c=04148 nm, with an enhanced 8.033 g/cm3 density over 8.006 g/cm3 in the usual tetragonal structure of a=0.4036 nm and c=04146 nm. Surface anisotropy in a fibril that imposes (and drives) a shear stress over growing crystallites (within the fibril) along the [001] surface favors this specific crystal structure in them according to the precursor structure. A single-phase sample is obtained in 2 h by heating of an amorphous template of precursor (of the metal cations with a polymer of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose) at 500°–800°C in air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00638.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of MgAl2O4 Spinel Powder by Combination of Sol–Gel and Precipitation Processes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: MgAl2O4 spinel precursor was prepared by a novel method combining a sol–gel process with the “traditional” precipitation process. The thermal decomposition and phase development of the precursor were analyzed, and the degree of agglomeration of the calcined powder was assessed by determining its particle size and crystal size. The optimum calcination temperature was determined based on the variation of specific surface areas, crystal size, and particle size. Completely crystallized ultrafine spinel powder (d50=600 nm, specific surface area=105 m2/g) was obtained after calcination at 900°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00564.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Calcium Diffusion in the Calcium Alumino-Silicate Intergranular Films Between Different Alumina Grains (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Molecular dynamics computer simulations were used to study diffusion of calcium ions in calcium alumino-silicate (CAS) intergranular films (IGFs) connecting two differently oriented alumina crystals. Diffusion coefficients and the activation energy for Ca diffusion in different parts of the IGF were calculated over four different IGF systems. The simulation results show that the diffusion coefficients adjacent to the interfaces are smaller and the activation energies are much higher than those in the interior of the IGF and in bulk glasses. Ca diffusion is greatly affected by the ordered structures at the basal and prism interfaces, while it is only slightly affected in the interior of the IGF in comparison to bulk glass behavior. The activation energies for Ca diffusion in the bulk-simulated glasses are similar to that found experimentally and slightly lower in the interior of the same composition IGF. The results suggest that Ca transport is mainly though the interior of the IGF and implies that diffusion would be significantly inhibited by sufficiently thin IGFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00563.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature Dependence of Diamondlike Carbon Film Tribological Characteristics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tribological characteristics of a diamondlike carbon (DLC) film deposited on high-speed steel were investigated systematically by using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer over a range of temperatures (from −40° to 20°C). The results indicated that the temperature dependence of the DLC film's tribological behavior was associated with the counterpart material. DLC presented favorable tribological behavior while sliding on itself. However, when a steel ball slides against the DLC film, there is evidence that the heat generated has a significant impact on friction and wear. Microanalysis of wear tracks on the films showed that multiple wear mechanisms took place during testing. At higher temperatures, material transfer dominated the wear behavior, while fatigue-induced microcracking was the predominant wear mechanism at low temperatures. Raman analysis indicated that the DLC film was mechanically worn rather than removed by tribochemical interactions between the friction pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00566.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering Analysis of Undoped and Cobalt Oxide Doped Ceria Solid Solutions (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pure and CoO1–x-doped Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) have been analyzed with constant heating rate dilatometry. Doping changes the grain boundary structure of CGO resulting in enhanced mass transport and in increased densification rates. Significant changes in activation energies have been detected. While pure CGO exhibits a significant amount of surface diffusion, cobalt oxide doping enhances grain boundary diffusion. The obtained activation energies are 4.70±0.32 eV for CGO and 6.24±0.32 eV for CoO1−x-doped CGO. The higher activation energy of CoO1−x-doped CGO is a result of the formation of intergranular films. It is suggested that sintering of CoO1−x-doped CGO occurs by rearrangement and grain boundary diffusion whereas grain boundary and volume diffusion govern the densification of pure CGO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00567.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the Thermophysical Properties of a Thermoplastic Ceramic Paste Across its Solidification Range Using Power-Compensated Differential Scanning Calorimeter (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of a thermoplastic ceramic paste were investigated on a power-compensated, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using the heat capacity spectral analysis method developed by Merzlyakov and Schick for measuring these parameters on low thermal conductivity solids. The paste features an ultra-fine zinc oxide powder (a number-length mean diameter, D1,0, of 85 nm) as the discrete phase, and a thermoplastic continuous phase comprising a blend of organic waxes with a melting range of ca. 30°–70°C. This paste is formulated with a solids loading of 50 vol% and is currently used in a novel continuous casting process to manufacture pharmaceutical products. The properties of the paste were investigated over a temperature range encompassing the melt and solid states, and for solid loadings from 0 to 70 vol%. The results compare favorably with those obtained using transient line source and transient plane methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00568.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribological Properties of Ti3SiC2 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The present contribution reports the unlubricated friction and wear properties of Ti3SiC2 against steel. The fretting experiments were performed under varying load (1–10 N) and the detailed wear mechanism is studied using SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Under the selected fretting conditions, Ti3SiC2/steel tribocouple exhibits a transition in friction as well as wear behavior with coefficient of friction varying between 0.5 and 0.6 and wear rate in the order of 10−5 mm3·(N·m)−1. Raman analysis reveals that the fretting wear is accompanied by the triboxidation with the formation of TiO2, SiO2, and Fe2O3. A plausible explanation for the transition in friction and wear with load is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00569.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics on a Second Scale at Temperatures up to 2300 K—The Reduction of Manganese Oxide in a Solar Furnace (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Testing the chemical stability of high-performance ceramics at temperatures above 1800 K is a demanding task. With the aim to provide an experimental set-up for kinetic studies on gas releasing reactions at temperatures up to 2300 K, a solar reactor has been interfaced to a mass spectrometer. Tracer experiments revealed that the reactor behaves as a continuous ideally stirred tank. This characteristic provides a straightforward path to extract kinetic data for such reactions from gas-phase analysis. The approach is demonstrated by presenting results of a study on the solar thermal reduction of manganese oxide at 2200 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00570.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and Microstructure of C/SiC Composites Using a Novel Heaterless Chemical Vapor Infiltration Technique (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fabrication of C/SiC composites by using the heaterless chemical vapor infiltration (HCVI) technique, which is an improved technology based on the conventional chemical vapor infiltration, is reported for the first time in this paper. In the HCVI process, a gradient temperature field formed in the fiber preform overcomes the problems of slow diffusion and restricted permeability of gaseous reactant species to some extent, and the electro-deposition is necessary to accelerate the SiC deposition rates. The highest linear deposition rates of SiC matrix within inter-fiber pores are 0.33 μm/h. Microstructures of the C/SiC composites are uniform, and the inter-fiber and inter-ply pores can be well infiltrated. The longitudinal and circumferential microcracks are found in the composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00571.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sol–Gel Preparation of Thick PZN–PZT Film Using a Diol-Based Solution Containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Piezoelectric Applications (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dense and crack-free lead zinc niobate–lead zirconate titanate (PZN–PZT) films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates by spin coating using a sol containing propanediol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Single-layer PZN–PZT films as thick as 0.80 μm were deposited by a single spin coating with successive heat treatments at 250° and 700°C. After heat treatment, the films were dense, crack free, and optically transparent. In addition, the crystallographic orientation of the thick film was controllable by adjusting the heat-treatment conditions. The ferroelectric properties of the (111)-oriented film were superior to those of the (100)-oriented film. On the other hand, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the (100)-oriented film were better than those of the (111)-oriented film. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33) of the PZN–PZT films of 4.0-μm-thickness were 192 and 110 pC/N for the (100)-and (111)-oriented films, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00572.x
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