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  • Chemistry  (13,386)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,362)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • 2010-2014  (16)
  • 1950-1954  (9,223)
  • 1915-1919
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  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 18;516(7531):S72. doi: 10.1038/516S72a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; China ; Cities ; Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Research/standards/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Universities/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 18;516(7531):S69. doi: 10.1038/516S69a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; China ; Cities ; Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Physics ; Research/standards/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Universities/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brenner, Sydney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):262. doi: 10.1126/science.1249912.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; England ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *Nobel Prize ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*history/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-04-05
    Description: The technological demand to push the gigahertz (10(9) hertz) switching speed limit of today's magnetic memory and logic devices into the terahertz (10(12) hertz) regime underlies the entire field of spin-electronics and integrated multi-functional devices. This challenge is met by all-optical magnetic switching based on coherent spin manipulation. By analogy to femtosecond chemistry and photosynthetic dynamics--in which photoproducts of chemical and biochemical reactions can be influenced by creating suitable superpositions of molecular states--femtosecond-laser-excited coherence between electronic states can switch magnetic order by 'suddenly' breaking the delicate balance between competing phases of correlated materials: for example, manganites exhibiting colossal magneto-resistance suitable for applications. Here we show femtosecond (10(-15) seconds) photo-induced switching from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic ordering in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, by observing the establishment (within about 120 femtoseconds) of a huge temperature-dependent magnetization with photo-excitation threshold behaviour absent in the optical reflectivity. The development of ferromagnetic correlations during the femtosecond laser pulse reveals an initial quantum coherent regime of magnetism, distinguished from the picosecond (10(-12) seconds) lattice-heating regime characterized by phase separation without threshold behaviour. Our simulations reproduce the nonlinear femtosecond spin generation and underpin fast quantum spin-flip fluctuations correlated with coherent superpositions of electronic states to initiate local ferromagnetic correlations. These results merge two fields, femtosecond magnetism in metals and band insulators, and non-equilibrium phase transitions of strongly correlated electrons, in which local interactions exceeding the kinetic energy produce a complex balance of competing orders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Tianqi -- Patz, Aaron -- Mouchliadis, Leonidas -- Yan, Jiaqiang -- Lograsso, Thomas A -- Perakis, Ilias E -- Wang, Jigang -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):69-73. doi: 10.1038/nature11934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23552945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Electronics ; Iron/chemistry ; *Magnetic Phenomena ; Magnetics ; Optics and Photonics ; Photosynthesis ; *Quantum Theory ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGee, Harold -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):372-4. doi: 10.1038/504372a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspergillus/metabolism ; Beer/microbiology ; Cheese/microbiology ; Chemistry ; *Fermentation ; *Food Technology ; Microbiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shechtman, Dan -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 17;502(7471):S54-5. doi: 10.1038/502S54a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Developing Countries ; Education/statistics & numerical data ; Entrepreneurship/*economics ; Leadership ; Nobel Prize ; Research ; Technology/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution May 1998
    Description: Planktonic protozoan grazers have the potential to significantly affect the chemistry of particle-associated trace metals. This is due both to the importance of protists as consumers of bacterial-sized particles, and to the unique low-pH, enzyme-rich microenvironment of the grazer food vacuole. This thesis examines the role of protozoan grazers in the marine geochemistry of strongly hydrolyzed, particle-reactive trace metals, in particular Th and Fe. A series of tracer experiments was carried out in model systems in order to determine the effect of grazer-mediated transformations on the chemical speciation and partitioning of radioisotopes C9Fe, 234Th, 51Cr) associated with prey cells. Results indicate that protozoan grazers are equally able to mobilize intracellular and extracellular trace metals. In some cases, protozoan regeneration of trace metals appears to lead to the formation of metal-organic complexes. Protozoan grazing may generate colloidal material that can scavenge trace metals and, via aggregation, lead to an increase in the metal/organic carbon ratio of aggregated particles. Model system experiments were also conducted in order to determine the effect of grazers on mineral phases, specifically colloidal iron oxide (ferrihydrite). Several independent techniques were employed, including size fractionation ors9Fe-labeled colloids, competitive ligand exchange, and iron-limited diatoms as "probes" for bioavailable Fe. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that protozoan grazing can affect the surface chemistry and increase the dissolution rate of iron oxide phases through phagotrophic ingestion. In further work on protozoan-mediated dissolution of colloidal Fe oxides, a novel tracer technique was developed based on the synthesis of colloidal ferrihydrite impregnated with 133Ba as an inert tracer. This technique was shown to be a sensitive, quantitative indicator for the extent of ferrihydrite dissolution/alteration by a variety of mechanisms, including photochemical reduction and ligand-mediated dissolution. In field experiments using this technique, grazing by naturally occuring protistan assemblages was shown to significantly enhance the dissolution rate of colloidal ferrihydrite over that in non-grazing controls. Laboratory and field results indicate that, when integrated temporally over the entire euphotic zone, protozoan grazing may equal or exceed photoreduction as a pathway for the dissolution of iron oxides.
    Description: This work was financially supported by a Department of Defense ONR-NDSEG Graduate Fellowship, Office ofNaval Research AASERT Award (N00014-94-1-0711), and the National Science Foundation EGB Program (OCE-9523910).
    Keywords: Protozoa ; Water chemistry ; Trace elements in water ; Marine zooplankton ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Daily topical application of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the marine sea grass, Thalassia testudinum, on mice skin exposed to UVB radiation resulted in a dose dependent recovery of the skin macroscopic alterations over a 6-day period. Maximal effect (90%) occurred at a dose of 240 μg/cm2, with no additional effects at higher doses. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the plant extract resulted in the isolation of thalassiolin B (1). Topical application of 1 (240 μg/cm2) markedly reduces skin UVB-induced damage. In addition, thalassiolin B scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical with an EC50=100 μg/ml. These results suggest that thalassiolin B is responsible for the skin regenerating effects of the crude extract of T. testudinum
    Description: Published
    Description: Flavonoids, Thalassiolin B, DPPH scavenged, antioxidant activity, Skin regenerating activity, Thalassia testudinum
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Pharmacology ; Chemistry ; Pharmacology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Bioguided fractionation of Agelas cerebrum crude extract resulted in isolation of four bromopyrrole and four bromopyrrole aminoimidazole alkaloids, identified as 5-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1), 4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (2), 3,4-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (3), 4,5-bromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (4), oroidin (5), bromoageliferin (6), dibromoageliferin (7) and dibromosceptrin (8) on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses (UV, IR, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and comparison with literature data. This is the first report of compounds 2 and 3 in a marine sponge belonging to the Agelas genus and the first evidence of the presence of 1 from a natural source.
    Description: Published
    Description: Agelas cerebrum, bromopyrrole alkaloids, antitumoral, antiprotozoal activity
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Alkaloids ; Sponges ; Alkaloids ; Sponges ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehn, Jean-Marie -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):S8-9. doi: 10.1038/478S8a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Exobiology ; Hippocratic Oath ; Knowledge ; Motivation ; *Nobel Prize ; *Research Personnel/ethics/psychology/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Noorden, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):270-1. doi: 10.1038/472270a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Chemistry ; *Laboratories ; Occupational Health/*statistics & numerical data ; Research Personnel ; Students ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La velocidad de descomposición de tres fenólicos, el p-hidroxibenzoico, el protocatecúico y el gálico, los cuales se diferencian en el número de grupos OH, fue investigada en el suelo. Con el aumento de grupos OH aumenta también la velocidad de descomposición microbial. El ácido gálico se descompone más rápido que el protocatecúico y este a su vez más rápido que el phidroxibenzoico.
    Description: The rate of decomposition of the three phenolics, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, whose difference is the amount of OH-groups, was investigated in the soil. With the increase in OH-groups increases the rate of microbial decomposition. Gallic acid decomposes faster than protocatecuic acid and this again faster than p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemical decomposition ; OH Groups ; Microbes ; Phenols ; Chemistry ; Phenols ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.141-143
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lok, Corie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 2;467(7311):18-21. doi: 10.1038/467018a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; *Nanotechnology/economics ; *Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agre, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):S11. doi: 10.1038/467S11a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquaporins/metabolism ; Chemistry ; Happiness ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mentors ; Neurosciences/trends ; *Nobel Prize ; Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Research/standards/trends ; *Research Personnel/psychology/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crutzen, Paul J -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):S10. doi: 10.1038/467S10a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Chemistry ; Human Activities ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mentors ; *Nobel Prize ; Ozone/analysis ; Politics ; Public Opinion ; Public Policy ; *Research Personnel
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kroto, Harold W -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):S13. doi: 10.1038/467S13a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Conservation of Energy Resources/methods ; Freedom ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Nobel Prize ; Nuclear Fission ; Peer Review, Research ; Private Sector/economics ; Public Opinion ; Research/economics/education ; *Research Personnel/economics/education ; Research Support as Topic/economics/methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 40-40 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 19-20 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 28-29 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 72-74 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 30-37 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. I 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 87-92 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Theory of Chemical Polarisation during Solution, Separation and Overstressing of MetalsIt was shown that the appearance of surface layers is an essential factor in the chemical polarisation which occurs during the solution, separation, overstressing, inhibitory action, polishing and passivity of metals. The surface layers exercise a restraining effect on the adjustment of the equilibrium of association. These layers are to be found on practically all metals and even in solutions which are capable of dissolving the material of which the layers are composed. They are created by a slowing down in the speed of the diffusion of the ions necessary for the dissolving of the metal in relation to the more rapid formation of layers on the surface of the metal. Such surface layers differ from the usual macromolecular surface layers, such as oxides or scale, rust, salts, etc., in their solubility. Their formation continues at a very high reproductive rate, even though the top layers are removed, and they form an indication of the behaviour of the metal in solutions after it has been subjected to suitable preliminary treatment. In contra-distinction to the irreversible macro-molecular surface layers, the afore-mentioned layers can be regarded as being reversible micro-molecular coverings.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß das Auftreten von Deckschichten ein wesentlicher Faktor bei der chemischen Polarisation, bei der Auflösung oder Abscheidung von Metallen, bei der Überspannung, Inhibitorwirkung, Glanzwirkung und Passivität ist. Die Deckschichten bewirken eine Hemmung der Gleichgewichtseinstellung. Sie sind auf praktisch allen Metallen und selbst in solchen Lösungen vorhanden, die an sich befähigt wären, die Deckschichtsubstanz aufzulösen. Sie entstehen durch eine geringere Geschwindigkeit des Diffusionsvorgangs, der für die Metallauflösung erforderlichen Ionen im Vergleich zur schnelleren Deckschichtenbildung unmittelbar auf der Metalloberfläche. Derartige Deckschichten unterscheiden sich wesentlich von den bekannten makromolekularen Deckschichten wie Oxyd- oder Zunderschichten, Rost, Salzschichten usw. durch ihre verschiedene Löslichkeit. Sie bilden sich selbst nach ihrer Entfernung immer wieder und zwar sehr gut reproduzierbar nach und sind ein Kennzeichen für das Metall hinsichtlich seines Verhaltens bei einer bestimmten Vorbehandlung in einer bestimmten Lösung. Sie können im Gegensatz zu den irreversiblen makromolekularen Deckschichten als reversible, mikromolekulare Bedeckungen angesehen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Dissolution of Various Metals when in Contact with Rotating Platinum ElectrodesThe influence of the cathode surface on the rate of corrosion was investigated in a unit furnished with a rotating Platinum electrode and stationary anodes of various metals, such as Lead, Zinc, Iron, etc.In the case of Platinum there is an almost linear relationship between surfaces up to 10m2, for surfaces of 10m2 to 20m2 and the current potential during a constant period f time. When extended, the lines cut at points i=O, p=O, or at i=O, p〉O in various electrolytes.These results indicate a definite distribution of the cathodic and anodic spots. The addition of H2O2 causes the electrolyte to revert to its former corrosive chemical state.
    Notes: In einem Element mit einer rotierenden Platin-Kathode und verschiedenen Metallen, wie Zn, Pb und Fe als stationäre Anode, wurde der Einfluß der Kathodenoberfläche auf die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit dieser Metalle untersucht. Für Pt besteht für Oberflächen bis zu 10 mm2 bzw. für solche von 10 bis 20 mm2 und der Stromstärke des Elementes für eine konstante Versuchszeit eine nahezu lineare Abhängigkeit. Die Verlängerungen dieser linearen Strecken schneiden sich entweder bei i=O, p=O oder bei i=O, p 〉 O in verschiedenen Elektrolyten. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gewisse Verteilung der kathodischen und anodischen Stellen. durch Zusatz von H2O2 wird der Elektrolyt wieder in seinen früheren korrosionschemischen Zustand versetzt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cerium-Cerium Alloys and Cerro alloysThe article opens with a brief historical survey of the production of cerium and cerium alloys, particular attention being paid to the manufacture of gas mantles and flints for lighters. A 99,92-99,93% pure metal is obtained by electrolysis or by the treatment of Cerium Cloride or Cerium Fluoride with Sodium or Lithium. Cerium plays an important part in the production and working of spheroidal cast iron, as a protective agent and as a catalyst. It si of particular value in various smelting processes, since it has a pronounced deoxydizing effect. The second part of the article is devoted tot he various cerium alloys, several of which are noteworthy for their very low melting point (47,2°C).
    Notes: Zunächst wird ein kurzer geschichtlicher Überblick über die Herstellung von Cer und Cerlegierungen gegeben, wobei besonders die Gasglühlichtindustrie und die Fabrikation von Zündmetall für Feuerzeuge berücksichtigt wird. Durch Schmelzflußelektrolyse oder durch Umsetzung von Cerchlorid bzw. Cerfluorid mit Natrium oder Lithium wird ein Metall in 99,92-99,93%iger Reinheit erzeugt. Cer spielt u. a. bei der Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Sphäroid-Gußeisen, zum Schutz von Werkstücken, also Katalysator, eine beachtliche Rolle. Für die Schmelztechnik ist es von besonderem Wert, da es sehr stark desoxydierend wirkt. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit ist den verschiedenen Cerrolegierungen gewidmet, von denen sich einige durch einen sehr niedrigen Schmelzpunkt (47,2°C) auszeichnen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 139-140 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Protective Lead Coating by PaintThe number of metallic pigments capable of being used as a rust preventative is small. Ultra-finely pulverised lead has proved to be far superior to all other metals. However, the addition of a binder in all respects suitable to the pigment is an absolute necessity when lead is used. Chlorinated rubber has been proved to be of particular value in this respect. The use of “Plumbol” paint also applies a coating of lead on the surface of iron, one coat of which has the same protective value as three or four coats of oil-bound paints. Weathering tests have also substantiated the protective value of lead coating paints as compared with the usual oil-bound paints. A maximum of protection is obtained against the action of certain chemical agents (soda lye, potash lye, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid and other cold dilute acids), but no protection against the effect of nitrose (a solution of nitrosyl sulphuric acid in sulphuric acid, formed in the lead-chamber process) fumes and nitric acid results. Generally speaking, a coating of „Plumbol“ paint affords the same protection as a coating of metallic lead the same thickness.
    Notes: Die Zahl der verwendungsfähigen metallischen Pigmente in Rostschutzfarben ist gering. Feinstgepulvertes Blei zeigt sich allen übrigen Metallen überlegen. Erforderlich ist bei Bleiverwendung ein dem Pigment vollkommen angepaßter Bindemittelzusatz. Chlorkautschuk hat sich hier besonders bewährt. Man erzielt durch den „Plumbol“-Pinselaufstrich gleichsam eine „Verbleiung„ des Eisens. Im Effekt ist ein einmaliger Aufstrich einer 3-4 - fachen Ölfarbauflage ebenbürtig.  -  Bewitterungsversuche zeigen vergleichsweise die wesentlich bessere Schutzwirkung der „Pinselverbleiung“ gegenüber den üblichen Ölanstrichen. Der Schutz erweist sich gegen chemische Agentien (Natronlauge, Kalilauge, schweflige Säure, Schwefelsäure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säure, Schwefelsäure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säure, Essigsäure und andere verdünnte kalte Säuren) als äußerst widerstandsfähig. Nicht jedoch gegen nitrose Gase und Salpetersäure.  -  eine „Plumbol“- Anstrich-Folie bietet im im allgemeinen den gleichen Schutz wie eine Schicht von metallischem Blei gleicher Dicke.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 223-224 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 230-233 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 235-236 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 212-216 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Factors in the Porosity and Gas Diffusion of Iron-Ill-Oxides and Iron-Ill-Mixed OxidesThe first part of the article is devoted to a demonstration, by means of emanations of radio-active noble gases, that the entry of gas atoms from the ambient atmosphere into iron and iron-III-oxides is possible. Unless the oxide layers are heated, this diffusion takes place through atom sized pores. This diffusion is lessened when the lattice structure changes to the clear-cut Alpha Fe2O3 lattice, and can, therefore, be prevented by heating the oxide. Another form of diffusion is possible at temperatures above about 570°C. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the lattice of the iron-III oxide then attains a value at which foreign atoms, such as emanations of the noble gases or atmospheric oxygen, can “dissolve” and diffuse in the spaces between the lattices. Tests made with samples of metallic iron showed a form of diffusion of a magnitude that only occurs when a temperature of about 800°C is attained.The influence of temperature and humidity on the structure, and, hence, on the porosity of pure iron-III-oxide was then examined. The ingredients of alloys, such as additions of aluminium and silicon, also have a definite influence thereon. It was shown that the diffusion of emanations in iron-aluminium oxides is influenced by the amount of aluminium present, in a manner similar to its influence on the resistance to corrosion or the formation of scale. Relations, of a very complex nature, between the diffusion of atmospheric emanations and the behaviour when subject to corrosive action were also obtained for the ironsilicon system.
    Notes: In einem ersten Teil wurde mit Hilfe des radioaktiven Edelgases Emanation nachgewiesen, daß beim Eisen und bei Eisen-III-Oxyden das Eindringen von Gasatomen aus der umgebenden Atmosphäre möglich ist. Diese Fremddiffusion erfolgt in den Oxydschichten, sofern diese nicht vorher erhitzt wurden, durch Poren atomarer Größe. Sie nimmt mit dem Übergang in das saubere Alpha-Fe2—O3-Gitter ab und kann deshalb durch Erhitzen des Oxydes beseitigt werden. Etwa ab 570°C wird eine andere Art der Diffusion möglich. Die mittlere Amplitude der Gitterschwingung des Eisen-III-Oxyds wird dann so groß, daß sich nun Fremdatome, wie das Edelgas Emanation oder auch Luft-Sauerstoff im Zwischengitterraum gleichsam „lösen“ und diffundieren können. Versuche an metallischen Eisenproben zeigten, daß dort eine entsprechend starke Fremddiffusion erst bei etwa 800°C erreicht wird.Es wurde nun untersucht, welchen Einfluß Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit auf die Struktur reiner Eisen-III-Oxyde und damit auf die Porosität und Fremddiffusion haben. Wesentlichen Einfluß haben aber auch Legierungsbestandteile wie z. B. Zusätze von Aluminium oder Silizium. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Diffusion von Emanation in Eisen-Aluminium-Oxyden in ähnlicher Weise von der Menge des zugesetzten Aluminiums beeinflußt wird wie die Korrosion bzw. die Zunderfestigkeit. Auch für das System-Eisen-Silizium ergaben sich Beziehungen, allerdings sehr verwickelter Art, zwischen der Diffusion von Luft-Emanation und dem Verhalten bei der Korrosion.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Titration of Polyvalent Acids and BasesGenerally applicable formulae for the titration of polyvalent acids and bases are laid down. The pH values for the end points of acids or bases can be obtained from these formulae without further consideration of permissable errors, etc., being necessary. The only pre-requisite is that the Constants of Dissociation of the compounds are known. Alternatively, the Constant of Dissociation can be determined from the titration curve. This applies particularly to the Constants of Dissociation at higher gradations when the Constant is already known for lower gradations.It was further demonstrated that it is not necessary that the acid or base to be titrated be converted to a definite, known compound, but that it is possible to discontinue titration at any pH value. The determination of the „Factor of Equivalence“ for such a case was laid down.The theoretical explanation of the fact that these “Factors of Equivalence” are whole number when titrating to a definite known compound is given.
    Notes: Für die Titration mehrwertiger Basen und Säuren werden allgemein gültige Formeln abgeleitet. Aus ihnen kann entnommen werden, bei welchen pH-Zahlen die Äquivalenzpunkte der Säuren, bzw. Basen liegen, ohne daß weitere Überlegungen über erlaubte Vernachlässigungen und dgl. notwendig sind. Die einzige Voraussetzung ist, daß die Dissoziationskonstanten der Verbindungen bekannt sind. Umgekehrt können aus der Titrationskurve die Dissoziationskonstanten abgeleitet werden. Dieses gilt insbesondere für die Dissoziationskonstanten höherer Stufe, falls die Konstanten niederer Stufe bekannt sind.Es wird gezeigt, daß man die zu titrierende Säure oder Base nicht in eine definierte Verbindung überzuführen braucht, daß man vielmehr die Titration bei irgendeiner pH-Zahl abbrechen kann. Die Berechnung der „Äquivalenzfaktoren“ für einen solchen Fall wird abgeleitet.Für die Ganzzahligkeit dieser „Äquivalenzfaktoren“ beim Titrieren bis zu einer definierten Verbindung wird die theoretische Deutung gegeben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 178-182 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 182-184 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 224-230 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 197-197 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 441-451 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Protection of Steel Constructional Work from CorrosionDependence of the formation of rust on climate, presence of electrolytes and the type of steel used  -  Mill scale diminishes the life of protective coatings and should therefore be removed  -  Chipping and other manual methods of scale removal are usually insufficient and should not be used on new constructional work  -  Sand blasting with coarse sand leaves points on the surface of the metal which facilitate the formation of rust, hence, only relatively fine sand should be used for this purpose  -  Flame descaling with a primer applied to the warm surface is advantageous  -  Removal or conversion of rust by chemical means has not proved successful in the case of steel constructional work  -  Wash primer and spray galvanizing  -  Effect of moisture and the chemical action of the ambient atmosphere on the application of protective coatings  -  Importance of the thickness of the film of the coating  -  Summary of the more important binders for use with anti-corrosive paints (oil binders, linseed varnish, hot linseed oil, wood oil)  -  Action and effect of pigments  -  Red lead and lead  -  cyanamide primary colours  -  Alkyd resin paints and oil-alkyd paints  -  Chlorinated rubber paints, chlorinated rubber-oil combinations and chlorinated rubber-alkyd combinations  -  Bituminous anti-corrosive paints on primers of asphalt, bituminous and coal tar pitch  -  Tar pitch emulsions - Suggestions for the choice of suitable anti-corrosive paints.
    Notes: Abhängigkeit der Rostbildung vom Klima, der Anwesenheit von Elektrolyten und der Art des Eisens  -  Walzzunder verringert die Haltbarkeit von Schutzanstrichen und sollte entfernt werden  -  Handentrostung ist meist unzureichend und sollte bei Neukonstruktionen nicht angewandt werden.  -  Grobe Sandstrahlung hinterlässt Spitzen, welche Ansatz zur Rostbildung geben, deshalb relativ fein strahlen  -  Flammentrostung in Verbindung mit Grundanstrich auf noch warme Eisen ist vorteilhaft  -  Chemische Entrostung und Rostumwandlung bei Stahlbauten nicht bewährt  -  Washprimer und Spritzverzinkung  -  Wirkung der Feuchtigkeit und aggressiver Atmosphäre bei der Ausführung von Anstrichen  -  Bedeutung der Filmdicke  -  Schema der wichtigsten Bindemittel für Rostschutzfarben  -  Die Ölbindemittel, Leinöfirnis, Standöl, Holzöl  -  Art und Wirkung der Pigmente  -  Bleimennige und Bleicyanamidgrundfarben  -  Alkydharzfarben und Öl-Alkyd-Kombindationsfarben  -  Chlorkautschukfarben, Chlorkautschuk-Öl-Kombinationen und Chlorkautschuk-Alkyd-Kombinationen  -  Bituminöse Rostschutzfarben auf der Grundlage von Asphalt  -  Bitumen und Steinkohlenteerpech  -  Teerpech-Emulsionen  -  Vorschläge fü die Wahl der je nach Anwendungsgebiet geeigneten Rostschutzfarben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 515-518 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 534-534 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 358-358 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 359-359 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 11-17 
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    Description / Table of Contents: On the Passivity of Thallium in Perchloric Acid, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulphide SolutionsWhilst only a single rapid drop in potential could be observed in the case of solutions of perchloric acid and sodium sulphate, two successive drops in current potential were observed with electrolytes containing chlorine ions. This proves that two different phases occur in passivity. The Muller-Machu Time Law of Covering Passivity was found to hold good for both drops in potential, which points to a mechanical passivity of Thallium caused by covering layers.Measurements of the current potential showed that the anodic behavior of Thallium is characterised by two values, Tl+ and Tl3+. It was found that, in all the electrolytes examined, the Thallium is the first to be converted to Tl+ in solution. This action is independent of current potential. This action may have a duration of only a few seconds (e.g., in the case of 0,48 n HClO4) or several minutes (as in the case of solutions containing chlorine ions). The duration of this action depends on the current potential and the particular electrolyte used. During the primary phase of the passivating action the passivating surface layer also consists of a Thallium-1-compound. The continued passage of current causes a transformation of the metal at the passive anode, which then once again dissolves to the accompaniment of an emission of Tl3+ -Ions. At this stage a second mechanical passivation by a covering layer of a Thallium-III-salt occurs. It therefore follows that all types of passivity only depend upon the formation of covering layers.
    Notes: Während in Perchlorsäurelösungen und Natriumsulfatlösungen nur ein einziger schneller Abfall der Stromstärke beobachtet werden konnte, wurden in den Chlorionen enthaltenden Elektrolyten zwei aufeinander folgende Stromstärkeabfälle festgestellt. Dies beweist, daß zwei verschiedene Stadien der Passivität auftreten. Das Zeitgesetz der Bedeckungspassivität von Müller-Machu wurde für beide Stromstärkeabfälle als streng gültig gefunden, was auf eine mechanische Passivität des Thalliums durch Deckschichten hinweist.Durch Potentialmessungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß das anodische Verhalten des Thalliums durch sein Auftreten in zwei Wertigkeitsstifen, nämlich Tl+ und Tl3+ gekennzeichnet ist. In allen untersuchten Elektrolyten geht das Thallium zunächst und unabhängig von der angewandten Stromdichte als Tl+ in Lösung. Dieser Vorgang kann, je nach der angewandten Stromdichte und dem benutzten Elektrolyten, nur einige Sekunden (z. B. in 0,48 n HClO4) oder bis mehrere Minuten (in Chlorionen enthaltenden Lösungen) dauern. Auch die passivierende Deckschicht besteht in der ersten Stufe des Passivierungsvorganges aus einer Thallium-I-Verbindung. Bei weiterem Stromdurchgang tritt an der passiven Anode eine Umwandlung des Metalles ein, wobei es nunmehr wieder unter Aussendung von Tl3+-Ionen in Lösung geht. In dieser Verbindungsform erfolgt dann eine zweite mechanische Passivierung durch eine Deckschicht, die aus einem Thallium-III-salz besteht.Es beruhen somit alle Arten von Passivität nur auf der Ausbildung von Deckschichten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 26-28 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 37-37 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 41-43 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Progress in the Manufacture of Acidresistant StonewareOne of the distinguishing features of stoneware is its resistance to chemical action and its outstanding mechanical properties. These qualities permitted the development of stoneware to keep pace with that of the chemical industry.The article describes further progress in the field of acid-resistant stoneware. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of special mixtures having great powers of resistance to temperature changes, at the same time retaining their excellent heat-conducting properties. Improvements in the mechanical working of stoneware are also discussed.The mechanical working of stoneware by grinding, polishing and threading has been brought to the point where the accuracy and finish of the work is equivalent to that obtaining in metal working practice. A new field of application of stoneware was thereby opened. The production of air and dust locks for use in installation working with ultrafine abrasive dust particles is an example. Stoneware rollers having precision ground surfaces are used in various industries. Ground, polished and threaded stoneware components enable many improvements and simplifications to be made in the design of machinery and equipment for the chemical industry.
    Notes: Kennzeichnend für den Werkstoff Steinzeug sind seine Beständigkeit gegenüber chemischer Korrosion und seine ausgezeichneten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Beides waren die Voraussetzungen, um mit der Entwicklung der chemischen Großindustrie Schritt halten zu können.In der Abhandlung werden weitere Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des säurefesten Steinzeug besprochen. Diese werden besonders deutlich durch Entwicklung von temperaturwechselbeständigen und wärmeleitfähigen Spezialmassen und durch Verbesserung der Nachbearbeitungsmethoden.Die mechanische Bearbeitung von Steinzeug durch Schleifen, Polieren und Gewindeschneiden wurde so weit entwickelt, daß eine Vergütung und Maßgenauigkeit möglich ist, wie in der Metallindustrie. Dadurch wurden dem Steinzeug neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erschlossen. Beispielsweise werden Staubschleusen zur Förderung von feinsten aggressiven Staubteilchen hergestellt. Steinzeugwalzen mit präzisem Schliff der Oberfläche finden in verschiedenen Industriezweigen Verwendung. Geschliffene, polierte und mit Gewinde versehene Steinzeugteile brachten Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen im Steinzeugmaschinen- und Apparatebau.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 56-56 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 29-30 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 76-78 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 38-38 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 49-54 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Anodic Behaviour of Aluminium and Al—Mg Alloys in Sulphuric Acid and Sodium Sulphate SolutionsAttempts were made to remove the film of oxide from aluminium and Al— Mg alloys, so that a pure aluminium surface could be obtained. Dilute sulphuric Acid and Sodium sulphate solutions of various concentrations were used as electrolytes. Only one cathodic polarisation had a slight effect on the loosening of the oxide film. However, a very rapid passivation always followed this activation (caused by the chemical action of the aqueous solutions). Hydrochloric acid and NaOH solutions in high concentrations did dissolve the oxide film, but did not permit of any anodic passivation in these solutions. It was possible to obtain activation in sulphuric acid containing chlorine ions, but, even in this solution passivation commenced as soon as the current was switched off. This passivation was caused by the chemical action of the electrolytes the porosity of the natural oxide film was reduced to 10-5 sq. cm./sq. cm. by activation, and a maximum value of 10-2 sq. cm./sq. cm. was obtained. As a result of the strong chemical affinity of aluminium, it is only possible to obtain a clean metallic surface for fractions of seconds.
    Notes: Es wurde versucht, den Oxydfilm von Aluminium und Al—Mg—Legierungen zu entferne, um reine Aluminiumoberflächen zu erhalten. Hierbei wurden verdünnte Schwefelsäure und Natriumsulfatlösungen verschiedener Konzentration als Elektrolyte benützt. Nur eine kathodische Polarisation hatte einen geringen, die natürliche Oxydschicht auflockernden aktivierenden Einfluß. Nach der Aktivierung trat jedoch immer wieder eine sehr schnelle Passivierung nur durch chemische Einwirkung der wäßrigen Lösung wieder ein. Salzsäuren und NaOH—Lösungen stärkerer Konzentration lösten wohl die Oxydschichten auf, gestatteten aber keine anodische Passivierung in diesen Lösungen. Eine Aktivierung konnte wohl in einer chlorionenhaltigen Schwefelsäure erzielt werden, aber auch in dieser Lösung trat augenblicklich nach Abschaltung des Stromes wieder Passivierung durch chemische Einwirkung des Elektrolyten ein. Die Porosität der natürlichen Oxydschicht wurde zu 10-4 bis 10-5 cm2/cm2 ermittelt, die maximal auf 10-2 cm2/cm2 durch Aktivierung gebracht werden konnte. Auf Grund der starken chemischen Affinität des Aluminiums ist die Erzielung einer freien, unbedeckten Metalloberfläche nur für Bruchteile von Sekunden möglich.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 104-106 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 76-76 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 79-80 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 98-104 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 92-94 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Basic Causes of “Short” Fractures in MetalsThis article forms a report on various lectures delivered at a Meeting which was held to determine the present extent of knowledge of “short” fractures. The lectures were published in Nos. 415 (1953) of the “Raeder Rundschau”, and dealt exhaustively with the phenomena of “short” fractures of various metals in use in industry, as well as of welded and non-welded components. The lectures also included a survey of the causes of “short” fractures as far as present-day knowledge and the various theories on fractures permitted. In addition, various important questions regarding the various methods of testing metals for their liability to short fracture “are discussed”.
    Notes: Referat über Vorträge anläßlich einer Tagung über den heutigen Stand des Sprödbruchproblems.  -  Die in Heft 4/5 (1953) der „Radex-Rundschau“ veröffentlichten Vorträge behandelten das grundsätzliche Erscheinungsbild des spröden Bruches bei verschiedenen metallischen Werkstoffen, ungeschweißten und geschweißten Konstruktionsteilen und gaben eine Uebersicht über die Entstehung von spröden Brüchen, soweit sie nach unseren heutigen Kenntnissen und Anschauungen über den Aufbau der metallischen Werkstoffe und auf Grund der Bruchtheorien abgeleitet werden könne. Ferner wurde auch eingehend die technisch wichtige Frage der Prüfverfahren zur Feststellung der Sprödbruchempfindlichkeit eines Werkstoffes erörtert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 110-110 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 114-117 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 118-118 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 118-120 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 184-192 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 196-196 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 197-197 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 94-98 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Passivation of light metals for paintingAluminum and magnesium alloys are forming natural oxide films, the strengthening of which is performed by several methods of chemical and electrolytic oxidation. Light metals are also protected by insoluble films of metal salts (phosphate films) in a similar manner as the iron metals. In recent years a new method was developed whereby metal organic protective films are produced by using so-called reaction primers (wash primers). All these protective films are functioning likewise as anticorrosive coatings and as adhesive substrates for paint and lacquer coatings.
    Notes: Aluminium- und Magnesium-Legierungen bilden an der Luft natürliche Oxydhäute, deren Verstärkung durch die verschiedenen Verfahren der chemischen und elektrolytischen Oxydation der Leichtmetalle angestrebt wird. Außer durch die unlöslichen Oxydschichten werden Leichtmetalle ebenso wie Eisenmetalle auh durch unlösliche Metallsalzschichten (Phosphatfilme etc.) geschützt. Auch die durch die sog. Reaktionsprimer oder Metallwandler erzeugten metallorganischen Deckschichten werden als antikorrosive Überzüge und Haftgründe für die nachfolgende Lackierung angewendet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 110-114 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 117-117 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 251-257 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The Roof and its problems, with Special Reference to Flat RoofsThe demands of Builders and Users that a roof is required to meet, have changed decisively during the last decades. The disappearance of garrets, the use of flat roofs and present-day sawtoothed roofs required that a number of additional precautions be observed, which are supplemented by recognition of thier constructional and utilisation limitations. Some of the most important demands of to-day, such as minimum constructional requirements, heat retention, limitations of roof characteristics, properties of materials and desirable developments are indicated. Special emphasis is laid on the various effects of dampness and their prevention. The importance of the structure of the roof and ventilation are also emphasised.
    Notes: Die baulichen und benutzungsmäßigen Anforderungen an das Dach haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in entscheidenden Teilen gewandelt. Wegfall des Dachraumes, Flachdächer und neuzeitlich Sägedachformen (Sheds) bedingen eine Reihe zusätzlicher Vorkehrungen, die ergänzt werden durch neue Erkenntnisse über konstruktive und benutzungsmäßige Bedingtheiten. Einige der wichtigsten neuen Forderungen, wie Konstruktions-Mindestforderungen, Wärmedämmung, Wärmestau, Abgrenzung der Dacheigenschaften, Material-Eigenschaften und erwünschte Entwicklungen werden aufgezeigt. Besonderer Nachdruck wird auf die unterschiedlichen Formen der Feuchtigkeitseinwirkungen und ihrer Abwehr gelegt und die Bedeutung ausreichender Dachaufgliederung und Lüftung nachgewiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 267-269 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 269-269 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 274-276 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 155-157 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 196-196 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the influence of Chlorine lons on the Mechanics of Dissolution of Nickel Anodes in Sulphate BathsThe anodic behaviour of nickel in solutions of nickel sulphate was investigated. Further investigations were made on the effect of the addition of ammonium chloride and nickel chloride to the solution. The best method for preparing the electrode for these experiments and the most effective method of removal of the surface oxides was found to be an anodic preliminary treatment in N—HCl at 0,3-0,4 Amp/sq.cm. At higher anodic current potentials an anodic polishing took place, whilst at lower potentials, the nickel only commenced to corrode, with insufficient removal of the surface layers. The addition of ammonium chloride or nickel chloride increased the porosity of the primary oxide layer present on the nickel, thereby improving the solubility of the nickel anodes.The porosities of the surface layers of the different electrolytes could be calculated form the Müller-Machu log i0 log tp curves and the influence of the chlorine ions quantitatively determined. In comparision with pure nickel sulphate and nickel chloride were found to behave differently, as was also the case when the behaviour of these mixtures was compared with that of pure nickel chloride, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride respectively. The mixtures show a very high activating power, and, after anodic treatment, permit of the formation of very porous and instable surface layers.The formation of layers of oxide during anodic polishing was also demonstrated.
    Notes: Es wurde das anodische Verhalten von Nickel in Nickelsulfatlösungen mit und ohne Zusatz von Ammoniumchlorid und Nickelchlorid untersucht. Die beste Methode zur Vorbereitung der Versuchselektrode und die wirksamste Entfernung der Oberflächenoxyde besteht in einer anodischen Vorbehandlung in n-HCl bei 0,3-0,4 A/cm2. Bei höheren anodischen Stromdichten tritt anodisches Polieren, bei niedrigeren nur Anätzen des Nickels und ungenügende Oberflächenreinigung auf. Ein Zusatz von Ammonium- oder Nickelchlorid erhöht die Porosität der primär auf dem Nickel vorhandenen Deckschicht und verbessert dadurch die Löslichkeit der Nickelanoden.Aus den Müller-Machu'schen log i0/log tp- Kurven konnten die Porositäten der Deckschichten in den verschiedenen Elektrolyten berechnet und der Einfluß der Chlorionen quantitative bestimmt werden. Mischungen von Nickelsulfat und Nickel-chlorid verhalten sich im Vergleich zu Nickelsulfat oder Nickelchlorid, Salzsäure und Natriumchlorid allein verschiedenartig; sie zeigen ein sehr großes Akivierungsvermögen und gestatten bei der anodischen Behandlung nur die Ausbildung sehr poröser und unbeständiger Deckschichten.Weiter wurde das Auftreten von Oxydschichten beim anodischen Polieren bewiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 194-195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 234-235 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 234-234 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Building-up of the Double Layer on Iron and Lead Electrodes in SoilsThe building-up of the double layer on Iron and Lead electrodes was followed by means of the Hickling method. The results obtained from the present series of experiments were in agreement with results obtained from previous experiments on the corrosion of Iron and Lead when buried in soils. This applied particularly to the type of corrosion obtained when the water content of the soil was below the saturation point. Only the first part of the Helmholtz double layer was formed on an Iron elctrode buried in a sandy soil of low water content. When the saturation point was exceeded, the building-up took place in exactly the same manner as in distilled water. A Lead elctrode buried in a clay soil was found to have a double layer similar to that obtained when the electode is immersed in electrolytes. In this case the capacity of the differents parts of the double layer is greater than that of the Helmholtz double layer.
    Notes: Der Aufbau der Doppelschicht an der Fe- und Pb-Elektrode wurde mit Hilfe der Hicklingschen Methode verfolgt. Im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen, die bei früheren Korrosionsversuchen mit Eisen und Blei im Erdreich erhalten wurden, ergab sich bei den Untersuchungen, die völlige übereinstimmung bezüglich der Entstehung der Korrosionstype, wenn sich der Boden hinsichtlich seines Wassergehaltes unter seiner Sättigungsgrenze befindet. Auf einer Fe-Elektrode bildet sich in sandhaltigem Boden bei niedrigen Wassergehalten nur der erste Teil der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht aus, nach Überschreiten der Sättigungsgrenze weist diese die gleiche Ausbildung auf wie in destilliertem Wasser. Eine Pb-Elektrode weist dagegen in tonhaltigem Boden eine Doppelschicht auf, die der ähnelt, die sich in einem Elektrolyt ausbildet. In diesem Fall ist die Kapazität des diffusen Teils der Doppelschicht größer als die der Helmholtz-Doppelschicht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 264-266 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 269-269 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 277-277 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 279-280 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 361-362 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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